captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight: disparities in the lenhs of prison terms come under scrutiny, after former trump campaign chairman paul manafort recees a sentence of just under four years. then, it's fridand mark shieldsichael gerson are here to discuss congress's antbigotry resolution, the investigations into the president, and the race for020. and, to some, classical muc can seem impenetrable. now, a new effort to change that, with one recommended piece of classical music for each day of the year. >> people would say to me things like, "i don't know if i'm listening right."nt and i would o just say to them, you know, "if you're a human being, and you have ears, and you're responding to that piece of music, that's listening haght."

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>> woodruff: the u.s. economy may have hit a spe bump last month, due partly to winter weather and the federal government shutdown. the labor department reports aga ne of just 20,000 jobs in february-- the smallest in nearly 18 months. the unemployment rate still dropped to 3.8%, down two-tenths from january. and, average hourly pay rose 3.4%rom a year earlier-- the most in a decade. debate swirledoday over the prison sentence handed down for paul manafort, the former trump campaign chairman. last night, a federal judge in virginia gave him just under t four years f and bank fraud. that is far less than sentencing guidelines recommend. president trump today voiced sympathy for manafort-- while also claiming vindication in the russia probe. >> i feel very badly for paul manafort. i think it has been a very, vero h time for him.

but if youotice, both his lawyer, a highly respected man, and a very highly respected judge-- the judge-- said there .s no collusion with russ >> woodruff: the judge actually said that manafort was not sentenced for collusion, since the crimes in this case occurred years earlier.di we will explorarities in sentencing, after the news summary. seperately, the president and michael cohen, his former ttrsonal attorney, traded accusations over t today. mr. trump claimed that cohen asked him directly for a pardon, and then lied about it. cohen tweeted back that the president is the one whos lying. that war of words played out as president trump traveled to maauregard, in eastern ala today to survey the mage created by a deadly tornado. ha and the first lady met with survivors, and theed out relief supplies. they also signed bibles for

admirers, and visited a row of 23 crosses, one for each person killed in sunday's storm. the u.s. house of representatives day passed a wide-ranging bill on elections, campgn finance and corruptio democrats say it would force so-called super-pacs to disclose their donors, and set up publico financing foressional campaigns. republicans running the senate called it a federal takeover of elections, and vowed to kill it. much of venezuela was blacked out overnight and today by its worst electrical outage in decades-- before power slowly came back. darkened hospitals turned away patients, businesses aools closed, and people filled streets in caracas as the subways shut down. >> ( translated ): i'm sitting here waiting tsee if i go to work or if i shouldn't go to work. i don't know where my mom could be, so it is a bit worrying, personally. >> ( translated ): the lights

went out yesterday, and today we woke up without any light. weon't know anything. we are not working because there is no power. that's the reality in the country. >> woodruff: the outage added to political turmoil, with the opposition blaming theme gove, and the government blaming the united states. millions of women took to the streets around the globe to mark this international women's day. there were solidarity marches from spain to the philippines. large crowds carried signs and demanded equal rights, pay equity and an end to sexual abuse. the demonstration in istanbul, turkey was so massive that riot police were called in to disperse the women trying to march. back in this country, u.s. air force secretary heather wilson has announced that she is resigning to become presidentni of thersity of texas at el paso. and, in a surprise, former fox news executive bill shine is leaving after eight months asco white housunications director.

he will serve as a senior adonsor to the trump re-elec campaign. a grand jury in chicago hasor indicted aussie smollett on 16 felony counts. he is accuseof lying to police when he reported he had suffereo a racistphobic attack. smollett was initially chargeda last month witngle count, and released on $100,000 bond.an an ud space-x capsule is back from a test flight to the international space station. the capsule splashed down this morning in the atlantic ocean00 someiles off the florida coast. , that sets up a june fligth two astronauts aboard. nasa is using space-x and boeing f end its reliance on russian rockets for mannghts. and, on wall street, the dow jones industrial average lost 23 points today to close at 25,450 the nasdaq fell 13 points, and the s&p 500 slipd five. still to come on the newshour:

paul manafort's sentencing raises questions about the lengths of prison terms. the evolution of u.s. strategy towards north korea. mark shields and michael gerson break down the latest from washington. author clemency burton-hill on listening to classical music. and, much more. >> woodruff: as we have beende reporting, pre trump's former campaign chairman, paul manafort, was sentenced thursday toess than four years in federal prison for tax and bank fraud. that is r less than the roughly 20 years he had faced under federal sentencing guidelines. the sentence delivered by a district judge in alexandria, virginia, sparked outrage on social media, with some rivocates noting the stark disparities in ournal justice system. dermer federal judge kevin sharp

is here with an ins perspective. kevin sharp, welcome to the newshour. we talk about sentencing guidelines. what are they, who sets them and do judges have to abde by them? >> well, thank you for having sentencing guidelines came about in the late 1980's as a counter to what is believed to be too much disparity across the country about sentencing so these guidelines came about formed by a commission, presidential commission. lots of experts in the area and they were assned numerical values to crimes andre tre certain enhancements and mitigating factors that would adjust t get you to a range. at one time those ranges wer mandatory. after the case of the united states versus hooker the supreme court said they are not mandatory but advisory. they become really the basis

that every judge should work from to fashion a sentence. >> woodruff: a judge is notde required to aby them is that right. >> that's right. but you are required to determe what the guide line range is and then use that as your starting point when youfa ion a sentence. the sentences are supposed to be sufficient but not more harsh than necessary to comply with the w purposes y we sentence people and the goals wre trying to acomplish. >> woodruff: how far out of the norm was the sentence handed down by the federal district judge in virginia for paulrt manaor tax and bank fraud. >> one of the things you need to focus on is that he's only being sentenced for the crime that he was convicted of. you're right, that was mentioned as the tax fraud. but it was fairly out of the nonk, i thi now i don't disagree that that guideline range0 years is

awfully high.s, in most instan think, that the guideline ranges are overly harsh. but that's why a judge has discretion and you can move upward or downward from those ranges. but to come down to something right at four yers was very odd and very surprising for me. and a bidisturbing based on what i know and exerience about the disparity and sentencing betwee white collar crimes and drug crimes. >> woodruff: we know what we were mentioninearlier let's been an outcry on social media and beyond that with many people saying individuals who have committed far different crimes where this was no violence involved, no one was hurt. there was even an item written by a publiordefender in new k city saying a man stole a hundred dollar worth of coins out of a laundry and was to be sentenced for longer than what

d.paul manafort recei >> i saw that as well. i'm not sure if that's accurate or not but i knw that that general feeling and what they're talking aboutappens. you had the individual down in shouldho voted when she not have, it appears it was inadvertent and she gets five years. this two things going on. tences was this sen appropriate for mr. manafort but then there's the flip side of that. are these othser sentences jt entirely too harsh. and we need to not lose siht of what we're really talking about and they are sepe arsues here. i think that the sentence for mr. manafort was unjust in the sense that there should have been for the crime that he committed a more harsh sentence. lyd i'm equure that had the individual not been weahilty or w we probably would have seen that sentence. not because i'm sayining any about judge el else but i'm

saying that's what the data would show. sentences are just more harsh. >> woodruff: we should just point out seven sharyou in just stepping down from the federal bench a little over two years ago made a statement about yourathe way you red some of the sentencing guidelines and you felt they were too hrsh. >> exactly. particularly with regard tovi noent drug crimes. there were three individuals that had mandatory, in my courtroom, convicted of drug crimes. i was required to gie them mandatory life sentences. that to me was outrageous and not at all in line with what ut,tencing should be abo particularly if we're looking for a sentence that's such to punish for -- sufficient to punish for the crime that was committe and we're not looking at those. we're finally starting to look at that but i was very frustrated by what was going on and thought there needed to be a

better spotlight on that. i think some of thingthat are happening with the first step act are moving us there. there's still a lot more that needs to be done. so in the one sense i'm arguing yentences in general are too harsh particula for drug crimes. but individuals are who you sentence, right? so if we look at the individual and what this individual did, i'm talking about mr. manafort, if you'rg look what you did and all the other factors you take into account for isn't sing, i this was entirely too lenient for what happened. >> woodruff: all of us pointing to the fact there's been a lot more focus as you say on senteing and we're going continue to do that. kevin sharp, we thank you very much. >> thank you. >> woodruff: in just about three months, the u.s. women's

national soccer team is scheduled to defend its world championship when the women's world cup kicks off in france.y, but ton a stunning move on international women's day, all 28 members of the team so far filed a gender discrimination lawsuit against the u.s. soccer federation. as amna nawaz tells us, thews lauit is by far the most ambitious move by the team yet. >> nawaz: in their filing, thehe players said had been years of institutionalized gender discrimination. that meant far lower pay, they said. players such as alex morgan, megan rapinoe and carli lloyd also said in the lawsuit, their g,rking conditions-- train facilities, medical treatment and more-- were all affected by this alleged discrimination. elizabeth mitchell covers this for the "new york daily news," and she joins me now from austin, texas. ing withh, thanks for us. let's start with how we got here. there was a complaint filed with the eeoc, the equal employment opportunity commission a few years ago. how did that lead to this

lawsuit? really it led drectly because what happened was when ohe eeoc started looking int it, they needed documents from the u.s. soccer stating the women's revenue and they were unable to get them. so this is really trying to force discovery of those documents to figure out exactly what the women's reven has been, not only now but how much it has been in the past. >> so there are some number thed inin the lawsuit that you mention that's not just about the disparity in pay but a lot of it is about the pay disparity. i want to read you part of the lawsuit. they said the pay structure was so skewed in 2015 the men national team earned 9 million for losing round of 16 and women earned only 2 for wining the entire tournament. is it really that bad? parityknow why the pay dis is as big as it is? >> yes. it's terrible and really it arts at the top. there's an international federation called fifa which yov might seen in the news because there's a lot of vestigation of corruptio

within fifa but it is a boy's club it's had a lot of sexism in it okeng back and they never out how much the women were making there. that fifa hands money down to u.s. soccer. so some of that discriminatory also gets handed down bu yes those numbers are accurate. >> help us understand. what is it the women wantsee happen as a result of the lawsuit and is there a chance they could >> oh yeah, i think actually this is this best chance for tccess. the maing they want to know is what do we make. i mean, it is a vry weird situation because they don't get to see their economics. it goes through this pricavate companed soccer united marketing and tt atity has all the information about how much revenue comes in through sponsorships and all the rest but they've never broken it outm for the . so the women want to say let us be paid equally. if we make less s get paid less but let us look what we're

bringing into the federation. one thin let's make sure all of our work conditions, our training and all the rest, there we haite equbecause that's the way to build the sport going forward. >> it's wor mentioning this isn't the first time they've been fighting to equalize the y and other conditions. very briefly have they made an progress over the years. >> yes there has been some progress particularly when they renegotiated their contract that was under a threat of lawsuit as well but they were able to get me boost in their compensation for some public appearances they were able to get a little increase on the prize money, a little increase on seme of th benefits of the training facilities but not enough and it is the only heag well -- league as well, the only u.s. federation that has this commercial arm taking in the profits and then telling then wod men what they make. >> this lawsuit was filed today so we'll see where it leads. elizabeth mitchell of th nody daily news. thanks very much. >> thank you for having me.

>> nawaz: and let's get some reaction from julie foudy, the former captain of the u.s. women's national team, who is a two-time world cup champion and an olympic gold medalist. she's now a soccer commentator and reporter for espn. and hosts a podcast called "laughter permitted," which is about women pioneers in sports. she joins us now on the phone. julie thank you so much for being with us. let's just start with you reaction. what did you think when you first heard about the lawsuit today. >> interesting timing right before the world cup ofco se and it's bold and brave which is pretty much trademarks of this team for so long. what i love abor this curent group is they understand that thr roll in s role in so many wo pioneer for other women whether it be the u.s. hocy team. you go down the list of national bodies aren't doing enough for their women's team and te recognize they have an opportunity to set the path for these other teams and they'res going to do that.

>> it's worth noting back in 1999 you and your teammates won the world cup and then you went on strike for equal pay did you think this was a conversation you were still h going to bing 20 years later. >> no. this is a conversation when we do have it 20 years later with the current teen i say oh my gosh are we still fighting these same fights. i think that's whas about. obviously pay equity is one piece of it but the thing ta the players that really rattled them is little things that are low hanging fruat they had to fight for even more recently in termsf equal perdeem on a daily basis to the men's dee as we know this is a deem that's winning, that is making money, that's celebrated in so many different ways and has so many positives around it, we have an opportunity to be bold and brave here and do something that could be perez didn't setting for the rest of the female at lots.u >> jie foudy, thank you for taking the time out to talk to us. >> my pleasure.

>> woodruff: it's been eight days since president trump met with north korean leader kim jong-un in hanoi, the capital of vietnam. earlier this week, two organizations that watch north korea published satellite images of a north korean launch facility, which had been dismantled over the past several months, now being rebuilt. today, president trump was asked about whether kim was breaking a promise to shut down the facility. >> our relationship, with north korea, kim jong-un, and self, chairman kim, i think it remains good. i would be surprised, in a negative way, if he did anything that was not per our understanding, but we'll see what happens. >> woodruff: and here now is our nick schifrin, who was in hanoi

last week for the summit. nick, what are the north koreans doing at this facility. >> this is facility they partially disassembled and now they ar reassembling what they disassembled and that includes rebuilding a testing and a railroad. the facility is once again operationabut let's put it some perspective. when you say a facility for testing, it is notmissile launch fa actuality. this is lau satellites. this is not an indication they are going to lunch a rocket or any kind of tip or icbm a hssile that could reache united states. but if they did test another hat would be a voir lation of the sceufort council rhesus -- security council resolution and the technology they use for the test site would be the same technology they use in long range missile. that's why u.s. officials are concerned. >> woodruff: there is some concern. our understanding senior administrative officials briefed reporters yesterday on a lot of this. what was leaeed.

>> wearned basically the u.s. approach has shifted in a major way before hanoi and tt really led the president to try and seek a grand bargain that most experts say was doomed to fail. let's under the shift. i'llake you back to january, steve biegun the top u.s. noarger gave -- negotiator gave a big speech aat stnford and they said u.s. is willing to take a step north korea take a step. they are willing to talk about denuclearization but the topics north rea want to talk about finding a peace regime on the pense law and improving relation between the countries. they were willing to talk about all those things simultaneously. >> you christmas day to our north korean koirnts parts we want to pursue all the commitments o tw leaders made in their joint statement in singapore last sumr. >> that was january. let me reayou a statement from a senior state department official from yesterday. noble in the administration advocates a step by step

approach. in all cases the expectation is a complete nuclearization in north korea as a condition for all the steps being, all thehe steps being taken. so every expert we say we talked iftsay this is a major sh that led the president to ask for a front loaded grand bargain. all of the north korean nuclear weapon the u.s. werther and demanded a freeze of chemical pons.iological wea that's not something that the u.s. has done before. in hanoi, north korea said look we don't trust the u.ough to make this kind of grand bargain. the north koreans put a smaller relatively smaller deal on the table that experts we talk to say was meant to be a starting point. but the president did not lik that, want that front loaded bargain and walked away rather ahan negotiate. >> woodruff: s shift. why? >> we don't know for sure but ice offl i speak to point to two things. one john bolten the national

security aisor doesn't believe in a stage approach. according to one administrative official on south korean president who has been advocating for the stain approach and instead is listening to prime minister of japan abe who says don't trust north korea. >> woodruff: what's next. >> they beilieve no brdges were burned and they hope negotiations continue and they ean they under the north ko program, they understand what north korea wants a little better than they did bef hanoi. but the question is what is the deal that the u.s. wants next. north korea says it's open to some kind of stage deal but as long as the u.s. holds out for this grand bargain north korsaea it's not interested. it's not clear where these negotiations go and the analysts we speak to both pro engagement and both critical of north korea really fear this moment is leading to the two sides digging in and tensions increase. >> woodruff: it's far apart as far as we can telll judic as far as we can tell.

>> woodruff: nick schifrin thank you. >> thanks very much. >> woodruff: a vote in the house of representatives to condemn bigotry, broadly; and the 2020 democratic presidential fiel comes into a little better focus. just two of the stories aping our week, and topics for analysis by shields and gerson. that's syndicated columnist mark shields, and "washington post" columnist michael gerson. david brooks is away. hello to both of you. so mark, let's talk about this anti-bigotry resolution the house passed yesterday. it was originally they were utoking talking just abo anti-semitism that they decided to do something bigger than that, pasersed ovelmingly. what do you make of this approach by democrats? what were they dealing wit here? >> dealing with the problem within their own caucus which is

the diversity. it's the sprent o strength of te democratic problem and a problem. it was a challenge for nancy pelosi to deal with it and this is a major controversy that had to be confronted andon cond they did, albeit in public and sort of difcult and painful fashion. druff: controversy michael of course was a series of statements by the minnesota congressman ilhan omar. the democra were feling pressure that they had to say something. initially it was going to be accusing or not naming her but it was going to sa antingemitism is somethi to be condemned, words to that effect. was it effective for them to doh they finally did or not. >> there is an insurgencent wing of thdemocratic party l ogressive insurgencent wing savvy with socdia very

energetic highly active. those are all good things.ex they pickectly the wrong kisue in this matter. what we're ta about is an anti-semetic trope that was familiar from the middle of the 20th century. because the hall call holocausta special carong of wrong anti-semitism is a special tegory of hate. i think the democrats lost some ground not being able to say somethg obvious because of these divisions within the wrong party. it was deft for speaker pelosi. >> woodruff: lost some ground how. the leadership of thepa ty? >> they were pushed back on the issue where i think fax nancy pi was clearly right i sthe way want to approach this. >> i guess i disagree with michael in this sens i think there's no question tha whatays on the holocaust

and the truth of the anti-semitism. i don't think criticism ofy israel polder the government of benjamin netanyahu, aan who just collaborated with a racist, a racist calition in order to hold on to power while he's indicted under a witch hunt he calls it by aa wek attorney general he calls it because he's facing political defeat. i don't think criticism on that should be confused with anti-semitism. and there's been a ti die vermingance. jewish american voters have been the most lenoir of democratic votersed they vour to one in the democrats in 2018 and there's been a resurgee for jewish ills ray lisa. lisa-- i ray lisa. donald trump the most popular leader. american jewish voters do not

feel that way about him. the fact is if we're going to talk about anti-semitism i think you've got tsay this administration has been guilty not simply as charged. i mean the closing argument they made in this capaign, judy, was a charge oft innational money and they put up the images of janet ye gllom andeorge soros and donald trump. i'm not in any way fending or rationalizing what i think congresswoman from minnesota has said rtionally but i do think that this has to be clearly the difference between anti-semitism and criticism of theetanyahu n u regime. >> when you talk of dual loyalty otof citizens that'sriticism of netanyahu and that's what we're talking about here. that's wuly this cohave been a very clear voice an act of the

new democrat house. ntd instead, i think that message got bl in a process that theeaker lost. >> i guess, i think the speaker did not seek thgs, riht, did not want it and certainly it's not something the democrats, th democrats had to confront it, there's no question about it. but mean w're talking about our president, judy. let's be very blunt about it, who i when a white supremacist march through the streets sai there's good people on both sides. if you want to- see >> i want to condemn them too.od >> wff: michael your point is the democrats needed to say something strong. de in reaction to a specific charge that was nd a specific history. but you know, i think they did what tey cou. >> woodruff: let's talk about another move on the part of the democrats this past week.

we've got the majority in the house, they're reaching out asking for documents from scores of trump adminisofation cials they're asking for documents from owe firm in the white house. thr president's daughe -- yvonne cause, they are tryin-- eyivanka. jare another committee is looking at the tax returns are. the cricism is overreach. is it over reach or is it appropriate. >> t think the breadth ois demand is equal to the breadth of the slime we're seeing. wegee seen it at every st from campaign to transition to ion august rule committee to early white houthse. e's plenty of ethicalmi problems to e in this case. this is a case where the republican congress didn't do its duties in terms of t ersight. it l bunch of things completely unanswered which it

mould of as atter of being itself have examined -- integry and have exaned and used in a very public way. i think they brought this on themselves. ht.i think michael's rig i think 71 or 81 is just a daunting number to come up but we've had two years of no oversitoversight, we're not talg about a crime were talking about oversight which is congressional responsibility on the laws they pass and how they're executed. we have a secretary of the interior quit, resign under r force. we ned a hearing on that or what caused it. we can go rig through department by department. the department of justice was in a state of chaos. there was no oveight hearing on it and these are legitimate inquiries. again, when you start calling optioupup sean spicer. w

odruff: they're saying you're asking for information when you don't know there's anything there. >> y s, you don't want do that. i would spare a little sympathy to the peoe involved here. you come in to do things ieal explieklidealistically. >> i think it's true in this case. >> i do think the inquiry into jared kuser's security clearance where the president overruled the experts and telligence and the four star general felt obliged -- >> woodruff: that's the reporting. of course the white house is denying that happened. sticking with the ram, mark, 2020 we had one more name, we had john hippenlooper july . we had big names say they're not going to run for president on

the tryg sid michael bloomberg former mayor of new york, hlary clinton, a lot of people expected she was going to run but she said she's not. sharesharon brown the senator fm ohio. is the demtaocratic fielng shape. we haven't heard from joe biden yet. >> jet hooker of the "los angeles times" said that 1992's indesistiveness led to mario cuomo being called a hamlet the hudson. joe biden should be called indecisive on the delaware. he's been agonizing about this for a long time. the most important decision with me this wek was with sheri brown. sheri brown, the democrats conveniently fallen into i think the lazy way of thi tinghat donald trump won with racist votes. it's a very convenient andin of smug and wrong interpretatio there are 206 counties in the united states, judy, thatoted twice for barack obama and voted

for donald trump. it was white counties whove pro they weren't racist by twice voting for an african american esident. and so why did they leave him. sharrod brown won seven back for the democrats in 2018. brown had a genuine authentic appeal to working with men andme and he decided he wasn't going to run. >> woodrinf: he's sayhe's confident that his democratic party is going to reach out an speak to and listen to people who live in middle >>erica. think it would have been better to have him on the stage talking about these things. i think the most importaou figure cominof this election was that donald trump won white catholics by 60% of the vote. while barack obama had won that oup in america. that's a huge swij. someone is going to have to

dress in states like pense and cchigan. whittholic voters and white working class voters in a way that's compet ing. and riw i'm not sure that is. uff: joe biden is no in the race. we would argue that he is connected to the great mid west. he's fropennsylvania. >> sharrod brown in hs defense he had an f rating his entire career in the national rifleso ation. he was the only democratic on the stage including biden who voteagainst the united states invasion of the occupation of iraq. >> woodruff: and i think minnesota amy kbuchar sharp a track would be in that space. l right we're going to leave it there. michael gerson, mark shields, thank you.

>> woodruff: amidst all the chaos in the world, we offer a "tonic" for your friday evening. jeffrey brown talks to a musician and programmer aboutan how anyoneenefit from a dose of classical music, every day of the year. take a listen. it's part of our ongoing artsd lture series, "canvas." ♪ ♪ >> brown: if it's y nuary 3rd, whnot try a bit of hildegard of bingen, written in the 12th century? ♪ ♪ march 27th? the overture of a mozart opera. ♪ ♪ or, for november 3rd, a contemporary icelandic musician, olafur arnalds. >> selecting a piece of classical sic for every day of

the year. and i hope that it will elicit a ar of wonder. i am constantly wonderstruck by the incredible gift that classical music can be. welcome back. >> brown: clemency burton-hill is an evangelist for what some see as a dying a form: classical music. she's the creative director at wqxr, the classical music, public radio station serving the new york metropolitan area. and, she's author of the new book, "year of wonder," which she wrote, she says, because too many feel excluded from this music she loves. >> people were saying to me, you know, "i would love to listen to more classical music, but i'm not sure i'm doing it right," or "i'm not sure how to." >> brown: literally like "i don't know how to listen to it, where to pick it up?" >> exactly. and i feel that people would say to me things like, "i don't know if i'm listening right." and i would want to just say to

them, "if you're a human being d you have ears and you' responding to that piece of music, that's listening right." ♪ ♪ the difficulty is, i think people don't even get to engage with t music, to know whether they might be wonderstruck or not. there are so many barriers to eney around this thing that rather unhelpfully call classical music. >> brown: barriers to entry, such as? >> well, so many-- how long have you got? there areducational, social, class, racial-- i mean, there are so many reasons whpeople think they're not allowed to engage with this music. >> brown: burton-hilherself came to classical music very early, as a child in london who fell in love with the violin. she went on to cambridge and studied at the royal college of music, winning prestigious prizes. she is well known to bbc audiences as a presenter for a variety of raprog. and while she is dedicated tohe classical roots, she saysgr she ew up loving rock, jazz,

hip hop-- all kinds of music. >> i'm not suggesting thatmu classicac is so superior to other forms of music and that's why more people should. listen to but i am saying, there is a whole sonic world of wonders out there. and that's what this book is all about. it's tsay, here are 366 pieces. we'll start small. baby steps. >> brown: yes, 366. "year ofonder" even gives us music for leap year-- ♪ ♪ a piece by the italian opera composer rossini who, it turns out,as born on february 29, 1792. burton-hill includes that kind of biographical detail about the compers, and other brief notes. and, she's created a spotify page so readers listen along. >> i got a nice message the other day from someone who was reading along and listening along with the book, ad, "i put the book next to my dishwasher, and then every evening as i'm loading theer

dishwathat's the moment that i do that day's entry from 'year of wonder.' and it's really transforming doing the dishes for me." and that's great. i love that. >> brown: you're very concerned to diversify classical music, oen it up in that sense? >> i really wanted to actually, where possible, bring people out of the shadows, bring people out of the fringes and say, you know, there were incredible human beings making this music who don't fit the stereotype of what a classical compor is. >> brown: which means more women. >> more women, more minorities,p mople from backgrounds that we don't necessarily associate with classical music. so, latin america or africa or india, or places where it's not just all austria and germany, basically. b wn: so give me an example of someone that you maybe didn't even know ve well, or that you just thought, i want to include this person, this piece of music. ♪ ♪ >> in terms of the great revelations, there's a contemporary british composer called anna meredith.

there's a piece in there called "heal you." ♪ ♪ there'an australian composer called elena kats-chernin. she writes a piece called nsent love letters" that include in january, that falls on australia day, ast happens. >> brown: but if i come wi you on this journey through a year, what are you promising? what do i get? >> well, i hope you'll get something that makes you think and feel, and might change your brain chemistry along the way. >> brown: my brain chemistry? >> if that's not too grand a claim. it sounds absurd, doesn't it?ne but we knoo-scientifically that music can have this effect on us. and i think we lead very, very frenetic and busy and stressfull modees. and actually, music might play a part in being a sort of soni salvation. >> brown: in the meantime, clemency burton-hill will continue her mission on behalf of classical music over the air-waves.

forthe pbs newshour, i'm jeffrey brown at wqxr in new york. a >> woodruf we'll be back smortly with a story about an archaeologist whhes replicas to learn about the past. but first, take a mont to hear from your local pbs station. it's a chance to offer your suppt, which helps keep programs like ours on the air. >> woodruff: for those stations staying with us-- a scientific study underlines ste truth of the old phrase, "dogs are a man's riend." according to researchers in sweden, dog owners live longer. malcolm brabant has this encore report from uppsala, north of stockholm.

>> reporter: tove fall practices what she preaches. she's got a dog called vega. an epidemiologist, she's an expert in disease and public health who's just nducted what's claimed to be the biggesr evtudy of its kind, matching the health records of a third o thedish population with dog ownership data. >> what we see here in this really large yok at more than 3.4 million people for over rs, we see clear evidence that dog owners live longer. >> reporter:ega's owner has nfidence in her findings because of the magnitude of the, sample ssing the identification system thatde tracks every s lifelong interaction with state institutions. >> it's really accurate in terms of that we know the exact date of hospitalizations, for cardiovascular disease. we know the date of birtof the dog and so on. >> reporter: the centers fordi sease control says heart disease is america's leading cause of death.

fall's prescription? there ain't nothing liound dog. >> dog owners do much more physical exercise. when it'dark and gray here in sweden, or rainy, the only people you see outdoors are people with dogs. so, and you know that physical activity is good for a lot of different health outcomes. >> reporter: so, can dogs delay your exit? omere are doubting voices across the north sea. according to a new study, called "all creatures great and small," which has just been published in the "british medical journal," ving a pet is not going to keep you young. the study, conducted byie ists at the university college london, looked at 9,000 people with an average age of 67, and they looked at key aging markers such as walking speed, lung function, grip strength, memory and depression. and, they determined that having a pet did not necessarily make any differenceo the aging process whatsoever. there's a good bdi. the authorconcede,

however, that walking a dog could help weight and cardvascular problems. the british scieists also said g owners were more likely to be in poorer health, and lonely. but tove fall's ndings foreo single pple with dogs, using a substantially bigger database, were completely different. she says their mortality rates we improved by 36%. onis rang true with homeless people being helpe december day by volunteers in copenhagen. with winter beginning to bite, an animal charity was doing brisk business. >> the dogs are their soul mate. they are the reason they get up in the morning, their way of aleping warm here in the wintertime, espe in the northern climates like denmark. and i think they're the reason for them to be alive. >> reporter: kim hasselstrom isn't asking for a free hot dog for himself. wh wants it for mollie, his canine companionom he credits for saving him fromid suicduring darker periods living rough. >> i have only mollie.

i'm living ithe street. i lose my family.so mollie is 95% of my life. because every day, i'm maybe not happy, look at that dog one time, then you're happy. the dog is all time, they're happy, because if you don't like a little dog when it comes to you, then you don't like anything. r >>eporter: the volunteers fit >> repter: 200 miles away, atrk one of denma leading neuro centers, the benefits of dogs in human health care are being assessed and p amoted. blida,icelandic sheepdog, is about to try to help a brain- damaged patient. project manager galinalesner: >>he dogs, they can actual provide extra motivation to do the therapy, to do the movementr that patients required to make. >> blida lives up to the translation of her icelandic name-- it means gentle. her patient today is 7-old eric, who's been crippled by a brain herrhage.

a tracheotomy means he can't speak. he's bed-ridden, and he's is receiving therapy to try to regain basic motor skills. the staff hope the dog can enhance his progress. the gentlene is keen to get to work, and it looks like the feeling is mutual. >> when you go into rehabilitation like this, you have suffered a trauma, and you need to get back on track, back into life. and therapy actually has to do with training everyday movements. >> reporter: eric is working top reward the sg by fitting small treats into the game. >> for some people, the dogs will motivate them to maybe work a little bit longer, and it's at bit more fn being in a therapeutic kitchen or therapeutic bathroom in order to train the movements that you'ret requiredbe able to do. >> reporter: tina hogan is eric therapist. >> certainly a lot of progress since he w here last time. ic suffers from muscle atrophy

in both hihands, so he has ouble reaching out and wgrabbing stuff, and that we chose the games we chose. >> reporter: the final test of the session is the toughest-- putting dog treats in a ball. >> dogs are non-judgmental. so when you have patient who's suffered a trauma, for example, or an old person who has dementia, they will know that there are requirements in the environment that they can't live up to. and dogs, they don't have those requirements. and it's intuitively recognized that you don't have to live up to anything with a dog. >> reporter: the icelandic sheepdog is clearly happy with her rewards. >> i think it's important not to call it magic, even though perhaps something unique is going on that we can't measure. but i think it doesn't have to be magic. it can be very, very powerful and very both emotional and strong, the effects that you see. >> reporter: the foundation

wants to expand the number of rehabilitation programs involving dogs. back in sweden, vega's owner is planning new research to determine whether dogs can i benefit humaother ways. this is a time of year when nds of puppies, given as presents, are discarded by their new owners.di this s study would suggest they are rejecting the gift of health. for the pbs newshour, i'm malcolm brabant in scandinavia. >> woouff: finally in our "newshour shares" tonight, to help unravel humanity's first inventions, one scientist smashes, burns and hmers artifacts. but don't worry, they're replicas-- and as science producer nsikan akpan explains, it's the key to experimental archaeology and understanding ancient human technology. >> reporter: on the campusf kent state university, you can literally hear the future of studying our past. this innovation is being made by inmetin eren, a rising stahe field of experimental archaeology.

y >> experimental archaeol a way of studying ancient technologies by creating really accurate replicas. and because those replicas are worthless, we can throw them, and break them and shoot them, to figure out how they work, and reverse engineer them. >> reporter: the first humante nology emerged three million years ago-- and our tech became more and more complex as our ancestors spread across the globe and into north america. >> the clovis point is northic ams first invention made by the very first stone age americans about 13,500 years ago.cl is points are arguably the pinnacle of stone technology. there's nothing that's been made quite like it, eafher before or r. at's really unique about clovis points is that they've got these channels, or what area called flutes,come from the base. >> reporter: an ice age isolmaker would have nded hours to make a cloint, and metin has found that creating the flutes is delicate work.

the point can snap during the crucial last step, and a snapped point meant starvation for a clovis hunter. the reason for the flutes, and their nction, was an archaeological mystery for almost a century. >> it reallyas experimental archaeology that allowed us to crack the case. clovis people, for all intents and purposes, actually invented shock absorption technology ,500 years ago. these channels actually thinned the point so much that upon impact, the base of the point would crumple, like the front end of a car, protecting the point from breaking in half. you have a much greater chance of killing those animals for food, or resources. >> reporter: it's not just artifacts that metin and his students are recreating. the sounds made by earne tools may be important too. >> we made stone tools for three llion years. there might be a link there, between the sounds that we're hearing as we make stone tools every day, and the types of language that even tally emerged human lineage.

these observations that these cient people made about their surroundings allowed them to te technologies that are just astounding. and you figure out how they work through experimental archaeoly. so really, experimental archaeology is the future of the field. >> reporter: a future, with echoes of the past. for the pbs newshour, i'm nsikan akpan in kent, ohio. .> woodruff: and it is amazi and that is the newshour for tonight. before we go, we want to recognize technician joe buckingham, who is riring today after more than 36 years. joe, thank you for all your years of service and best wishes for your years ahead! i'm judy woodruff. join us online, and again right here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you, and have a great weekend. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by:

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♪ om> hello, everyone and welcome to "amanpour and cny." here is what is coming up. >> don'te ignor the military on climate change, mr. president. so say dozens of former security official in a letter to the white house. we hear from one of the signatories retired rear admiral david titley. then -- [ singing ] >> hollywood stars julian moore and john turturro as the dating devorcy is looking for love. and is asht official intelligence short changing our future. futurist amy webb talks about this with our hari sreenivasan.