captning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening, i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight, a tense alliance-- iit down with the turkish foreign minister amid heightened flashpoints with the u.s. then, a historic election in chicago: we talk wh lori lightfoot, the first black woman and the rst openly gay person to serve as mayor of the city. plus, warnings froantarctica. we kick off our series of reports from the bottom of the world with a look at what penguins can teach us about climate change. >> penguins are us, you might say. they breathe the same air. they have to have food, a good home, a good environment. if one of those falls out of sync, it's troubling. >> woodruff: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour.

>> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: ♪ ♪ ♪ moving our economy for 160 years. bnsf, the engine that connts us. >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more.

>> supporting social entrepreneurs and their solutions to the world's most pressing problems-- skollfoundation.org. >> the lemelson foundation. committed to improving lives through invention, in the u.s. and developing countries. on the web at lemelson.org. >> supported by the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation. committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful world. more information at macfound.org >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: or this program was made possible by the coion for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. es woodruff: democrats in the u.s. house of retatives are turning up the heat over

special counsel robert mepller's russiat. the judiciary committee today authoriz subpoenas for the report and any related material. democrats rejeed attorney general william barr's promise of a redacted version by mid- april. republicans called that reless, as the two sides argued before voting. >> the committee has a job to do. the constitution charges congress with holding the president accountable for alleged official misconduct. that job requires us to evaluate the evidence for ourselves, not the attorney general's summary, not a substantially redacted synopsis, but the full report and the underlying evidenc >> if we can't get what we want, we'll try and try again. maybe that's the new theme with this committee. the little train that kept looking for something that says i'll try, and i'll try, and i'll try. o but at the ethe day, the president's still the president, the economy's still moving forward, the regulations that we put in place are there, and at

this point in time, the attorneo general, ah he has been smeared repeatedly, is doing exactly what the regulations says. >> woodruff: attorney general s barr hd mueller found no collusion between russia and president trump's 2016 campaign. barr also decided against charging the president withst obstructing e, after mueller reached no conclusion on that issue. the u.s. senate voted today to curb debate on most presidential nomi majori republicans cut the time to two hours from 30. the change wl not apply to cabinet slots, the supreme court and appeals courts.at demoused the two-hour rule during president obama's second term, but it later lapsed. the mayor-elect of chicago is n-aiming a mandate for change after tuesday's f. lori lightfoot swept all 50 wards. she will be the first black

woman to serve as mayor of chicago, and the first who is openly gay. we'll talk with her, later in the program. the drama over brexit has taken a new turn. british prime minister theresa may met today with the leader of the opposition labour party, searching for a compromise that might pass parliament. she also wants a further delay in leaving the european union. but in brussels, the head of the european commission said "no." >> ( translated ): april 12 is however the ultimate possible deadline for approval. t house of commons does not express itself by this date, no further short extension will be possible. >> woodruff: as things stand now, britain faces the prospect of crashing out of tea e.u. with no new, islamic laws took effect in brxei today, punishing gay and adultery by stoning to deh. the southeast asian country is

about two-irds muslim, but the new laws also apply to non- muslims. the measures have spard calls for boycotts of hotels connected to brunei's ruling suln. in mozambique, thousands of people lined up to get a cholera vaccine in beira, the port city ravaged by a tropical cyone last month. more than 1400 cholera casesee havereported there in the last week. health workers have launch a campaign to inoculate some 900,000 storm rvivors over the next six days. venezuela's opposition leader juan guaido has vowed defiance after being stripped of his legal immunity. president nicolas maduro's loyalists took that action last night in a legislative superbody that bypasses the country's national assembly. afterward, guaido warned those backing maduro against trying to arrest or even kidnap him.

>> ( translated ): we know that all they have left is brute force, we know that. but we have audacity, intelligence, soul, strength, heart, hope, trust in thisou country, ielves. so, armed forces: you have a n cision to make. you have a decis make now. there are all the elements on the table. alwing this would be to tu against the republic. >> woodruff: t50 u.s. and some ther countries recognize guaido as the rightful leader of venezuel back in this country, three former fraternity meers face jail time for the hazing death of timothy piazza, a penn state pledge. e 19-year-old drank heavily and was fatally hurt in a series of falls during a pledge ritual in 2017. the case drew national attention. the three sentenced today will serve from 30 days to nine months. a fourth fraternity member was given 10 months of house arrest. parents involved in a nationwide

college admissions bribery casee re in federal court today in. bost they included actresses felicitf man and lori loughlin. the pair were not asked to enter pleas, and remained free on bail. in all, 33 parents are charged in a mutli-million dollar scheme to getheir children into top schools. and, on wall street, the dow jones industrial average gained points to close at 26,218. r the nasde 47 points, and the s&p 500 added six.om still toon the newshour: my conversation with the turkis. foreign minist the incoming mayor of chicago, ri lightfoot. allegations against joe biden raise questions about respecting boundaries, and much more. >> woodruff: foreign ministers

from nato countries are thered this week in washington, and one of the allies, turkey, has come under sharp criticism for its dealing with the alliance's principal adversary: russia. in a moment you'll see my interview with turkey's foreign minister. but first: some background on an increasingly tense showdown between turkey and the unite states. it was all smiles last week as turkey's foreign minister mevlut cavusoglu hosted his russian counterpart sergei lavrov to reaffirm a major arms deal. >> we have made this deal with the russian federatione will honor it. we bought it out of necessity, turkey is in nd of an air defense system. >> woodruff: but turkey's decision to buy russia's top-of- the-line s-400 surface-to-air missile system has angered washington, because of a big arms deal of its own: the u.s. f is selli5 fighter jets to turkey, a nato ally, and fearsn

russia would gchnical access or insight to the state- of-the art planes. t this week, the pentagon f planned f-35 deliveries to anka, while offering the tur an american alternative to the russian missile. i am very confident in the patriot proposal that we've delivered to turkey. >> woodruff: actg u.s. defense secretary patrick shanahanays if turkey instead buys the u.s.-made patriot air-defense system, then, problem solved. >> i've had a number of conversations with defense minister akar and i really think we'll resolve the situation, ast we are sic partners. i expect we'll solve the problem so that they have the right defense equipment both in terms of patriots and f-35s >> woodruff: but in washington today, at a nato 70th anniversary event, cavusoglu gaveground and said the deal with moscow would proceed. vice president mike pence fired back in a speech to the nato gathering.

>> turkey must choose. does it want to remain aic cr partner in the most successful military alliance in the history of the world? or does it want to risk the security of that partnership by making reckless decisions that undermine our alliance? >> woodruff: the verbal war over war machines is adding increasei pressure to a onship already rife with tension. turkey's president recep tayyip ederdogan has long condemn.s. support for syrian kurdish tforces in the fight agai isis, arguing they are allied with kurdish separatists iide turkey. the foreign nister followed up today, again accusing the u.s. of supporting a "direct threat" to turkey. we have been asking e united states to actually disengage, disengage with terrorist organization. it seems that they still support this terrorist organization. >> woodruff: meanwhile, local elections in turkey this week

showcased a different challenge to erdogan. the opposition won control of ankara, and led in istanbul's mayor's race. explored most of this, with foreign minister cavusoglu, earlier today.gl mr. cavu good to talk to you. thank you for speaking with us. >> thank you for the invitation. >> woodruff: the united states, turkey, long-time lies, but right now seem to be at an impasse. your government has committed, it says, to buying the rus air defense system, the s-400.r, howeefense secretary says he doesn't think this is going to happen, that, instead, you're going to buy an american defense system, the patriot. ich is it? >> well, we really value our relations. we are not oy n.a.t.o. allies but our partnership has been actually very successful in many areas in our region, in afghanistan and in europe as

well. now we have some outstanding issues, but, now, s-400 is another issue. we wish we could have both patriots -- i mean the patriots from the united states, and other defense systems from other lies. in past years, we have tried, but we could not buy it from the united states. now there is a proposal, but st. louis there is no guarantee that the u.s. will be able to sell them to turkey. we are negotiating the conditions and the terms, that's fine, but even president trump cannot assure us that he wille get green light from congress. oodruff: but do you understand why the u.s. opposes turkey ha4ving the s00, worried about the russian defense authorities has ving acc american defense technology?

>> well, this sysmte will not see f-35s or other n.a.t.o. systems as an enemy and we will make sure it will not happen, and we propose the united states to form a technal working group and to examine this. this is our proposal.ha so we to buy s-400s, and it was an urgent need, it was another choice for us, but weto habuy it. >> woodruff: they're already purchased? >> it's a tone deal -- done deal. >> woodruff: but are you saying, regardless of what happens with the patriot american system, turkey is committed to deploy the s-400, the russian >> it's a done deal. >> woodruff: committed to deploy. >> we've purchased this and it be -- >> woodruff: deployed. that is the reason we spent our money for this. >> woodruff: even at the risk of a serious split with the united states over this. h

>> why we shoue serious split? and turkey is a n.a.t.o. ally, and secretary general o n.a.t.o. made it very clear that any aly can purchase any system from other countries who are allies. and there are other a.t.o. allies which have s-300s and also russian systems. so why it's that big a problem that turkey had to buy this s-400s because she couldn't buy them from its allies, particularly mainly from the united states. so you dt on't wato sell it to turkey, or you cannot sell them to turkey, and then you insisto turkey noty from anybody else either. so this is actually unacceptable for us. ec woodruff: the u.s. sees this as a dirthreat to u.s. national serity.

>> well, it is not aec dir threat neither to turkey nor to any other ally nation. >> woodruff: how can you be certain. >> this will be fully under control of turkey, this system. >> woodruff: so the u. should trust >> yes. >> woodruff: so much to ask you about. you mentioned sir. i can't not longuago yor president erdogan said keeping mr. assad iner pow in syria is unacceptable. now it looks as if mr. assad is staying in power. is turkey prepared to accept this? >> well, we sti believe that he cannot unit the country, is the problem. >> woodruff: meanwhile the u.s., president trump is saying, ahe u.s. is pulling troops out except for a very group. do you understand what the u.s.' overall strategy is now in syria? well, it seems there is no y stratet.

there are some decisions of trump to withdraw and different statements are coming from different institutions. >> woodruff: where are the different statements coming >> fro president himself, thfrom? from different departments, from military, from centcom, military theound, this is what we see from turkey, actually, you see better here in thest united es. >> woodruff: so how do you know what's going on? >> that's why we have now a task force. we brought military and intense and minister of foreign affairs onooth sides toordinate it. >> woodruff: it's well known what turkey's government believes about the y.p.g. operating in northern syria. is your government, at this point, planning to attack? is your pos actually started working together, coordinating the things together. >> woodruff:rust a few ot things i want to ask you about

quickly. number one is the conellist jamelle bouie -- journalist jamal khashoggi murdered at the saudi consul in. istanb do you plan to release the audio recording you have of the murder and any other i have about that? >> well, any information is no longer a secret, and we have s ared all thiformations with everybody, including the c.i.a. it is up to, of course, the ichief prosecutor to makt public or not. >> woodruff: in saudi arabia. no, in, turk's up to our prosecutor in istanbul to give such decisions and there are still unanswered questions, including the whereabouts o ofkh hoggi's body and the local

collaborators and mastermllds. we sharehe findings on our side with the saudi chief prosecutor, but, in turn, we couldn't get anything from them. >> woodruff: so you are saying the saudis are holding this up? oo>> right. >>uff: question about the trump administration's proposal for israeli-palestinian peace, a middle east peace plan. dow ou have a vie this? >> well, we don't have a view because, until today, there is no peace plan, this is fr se, and we are not sure whethere there willpeace plan or not. everybody is quite skeptical on this because of the decisions that the united states has taken so far, an the dision to move the embassy to jerusalem actually was a kind of turning point. so the u.s. -- everybody

believes that the u.s. is no longer a balanced countror objective, anod t initiate a peace plan, first you have to be an honest broker, and thlast decision, for instance, of trump, again, to recognize the golan heights as the territory of israel is another, actually, decision that everybody has been very much con.cern so u.s., first, has to be an honest broker to initiate the peace plan on this issue. >> woodruff: minister cavusoglu, thank you very much for talking with us. >> thank you. atte today the state department said secretary of pompeo warned cavusoglu this afternoon in washington that any

unilateral turkish military action in syria would hold "potential devastating consequences." ing >> woodruff: the city of broad shoulders and tough politics turns a nepage. for the first time in 30 years, chicago has elected a new mayor whose na isn't daley or emanuel. lisa desjardins reports. >> desjardins: it was a landslide, history-making victory, and chicago's new mayor-elect, democrat lori lightfoot, said chicagoans made clear who, and what, theynt : >> you did more than make history. you created a movement for change. (applause) with this mandate for change,

now we're going to take the next steps together. together, we can and will finally put the interests of our people all of our people ahead the interests of a powe few. desjardins: lightfoot, who is openly gay, will be the first black woman to lead the city. she's an attorney, and she's a relative outsider to chicago's political scene. she'd distanced herself from the current mayor, rahm emanuel, even though he'd previously named her to oversight posts.ar ng with the primary in february, she bested 13 otheres candidincluding formerus white e chief of staff bill daley, of the powerful daley family . and in yesterday's runoff, she easily defeated to preckwinkle, a long-time fixture in local politics. lightfoot appeared with fellow democrat preckwinkle today, and preckwinkle pledged to wk with her former foe: >> we have some real challenges ahead of us in our couy and in our city. and i look forward to working with mayor-ect lightfoot to address those challenges. >> desjardins: lightfoot herself comes from a working-class background, and her resume

includes stints as aal prosecutor, and president of the chicago police board. she inherits a city still struggling with gun violence, and a deep sense of the haves and have nots, in the role of police and in its much scrutinized school system. those are themes for lightfoot, but she is pragmatic and direct in approach. it's something she displayed when asked today why itook so long for a black woman to be elected mayor. >> i can't look into the crystal ball, all i can say is say here and now, here i am and now we move forward. ayor-elect lori lightfoot earlier today and began by asking what herhi oric win means for chicago. >> well, i think the way in which we won, which is getting suppt from lrderally every n the city, is historic mandate for change. chicago's been under the grip of the corrupt and broken political

machine for as long as everybody's memory, and i think people realize that something was problematic, needed to have change, but weren't confident ti was poe. the way in which i won in februaryeally gave people optimism and hope that we could go in a completely different direction, and i think this broad mandate that i got last night is a real prescription for change. >> your city has been in the headlines too often in the past olence.rs for vi it's something you have talked about and, specifically, in your campaign, you say you want to address the illegal flow of guns inho chicago, budo you do that as mayor of the city? >> well, first oall, you've got to make sure our federal partrs in the u.s. attorneys office, atf, f.b.i., dea, not only here in chica but all the places that are sources of illegal guns have to b focused on a proactive strategy to go after the gun dealers,

traffickers, felony possions, if we focus on those individuals in a cord made way, we'll see significant drops in the number of guns that are coming to our city and, as a consequence, the number of gun-related shootings and homicides. >> do you see this as an enforcement issue primarily or do you think there are new gun laws the city needs to put in place? >> i think it's got two major pillars. the violence we're seeing is really an epidemic. it's a public health csis. what we haven't done is look enough at what's the roesot ca a lot of what we're seeing are crimes of poverty and that means peopleneon't feel a conion to the legitimate economy, and that makes sense when you think about the fact that we have 25% unemployment or higher in a crime plagued neighborhoods, we have the vast majority of peple that live in those neighborhoods are on some form of government assistance, 40% of african-american children in the city are living in poverty. what that cries out for to me is a need to invest in our people,

neighborhoods, small business, rebuild our neighborhood schools, and if we focus on those things, we're goingo absolutely drive down violence and create an environment, anin astructure for positive change. >> on the subject of policing, u are a fomer prosecutor, but you've also come out during thin campaying you think sometimes police are reaching too far, perhaps in the use of the gang data base there in chicago, and you think maybe a some peop getting tagged in the justice system inappropriately. obviously, there's a trust issue in chicago with the police. can you talk about the balance with law enforcement and police, poould something be done there? >> well, look, thice can't be effective if they are not viewed as a flegitimate forr good, so we have to continue the hardut necessary work of bridging that divide and having multiple data baseswhich is what we have right now, who have people who got in it 30 years ago, there's no transparency around it, you don't know how to

get in, you don't know how to get of, so what i said was that data base haso be decertified and, only when we have a process of tansparency, demonstration of people working onboard in the ocesses and a tanners parent way to get out of a data base can we stand up. the superintendent and police, will be one of the primary sues we talk about. >> you talked about forgotten chicago around making sure you bring development and resources to the part of chicago outside of the gleaming dontown, especially south and west. but we've heard this from politians of chicago for years. how do you make that happen? >> number one, you've got to deal with the violence beause nobody's going to invest in neighborhoods where they don't feel safe, where their employees or property is not going to be that's the overarching issue that affects every other thing we want to do to uplift th quality of life in neighborhoods. then the city itself has to come up wprh a comensive plan for economic development, which we do not have, which means we've

goto go into those economically distressed neighborhoods, listen to the people there, engage in a conversation about the assetie and opportun and then use that information to develop a comprehensive plan in which we ess.drive pro >> of course, one of the national headlines coming out of chicago recently involvesctor jussie smollett. i know you have been getting a lot of questions about this. (laughter) >> i. smollett was charged and police say he was guilty of filing a false police report but the charges were dropped with almost no explanation. as a formeerfed prosecutor yourself, what do you think about the role of privileg iis there" role for prilavilegen thenforcement of chicago? >> privilege should never change the outcome, no matter yournc fil status or celebrity, everybody should face the same level of justice, and that's the concern that we have in thises first of all, we need to make

sure we understand, hate crimes do happen. geted as a result of what they look like, how they -- the god thaet thy worship or who they love, so i don't want to dismiss that, but within this particular circumance, within five weeks time of when the charges were laid out and seemed like there was an overwhelming case against this individual, suddenly the attorney's office dismisses charges with no responsibility the part of mr. smollett. that begs for an explanation. i have been saying for a weekis since the came up at the state attorney'office has to give a more full explation so you eliminate the perception if you're a ceulebrity yo get better treatment than the vast majority of people making their way through a tor torturous kg

system. >> i read you particularly credit your mom who came from the segregated south of being a driving force in your life.e what does ink about this historic win? >> my mother is a fascinating she says this is how i raised you. i wanted you to be able to take advantage of the opportu out there, to be strong and fearless and feel like you have thingonfidence to be any that you wanted to be and take on any challenge. so i pnow she's veroud and i'm grateful for her being my mother but also being a constant presence in my life. >> mayor elect lori lightfoot of chicago, thank you for ining us. >> thank you very much. i appreciate it. >> woodruff: stay with us, coming up on the newshour: we kick off our series from the bottom of the world: the effect of climate change on the penguins of antarctica.

some of former vice presidents joe bidest personal t havior is sparking conversations abundaries when it comes to physical contact and consent. they go beyond himself questions about social norms thny were once tolerated by women but may no longer be acceptable. to be clear, none of the public accusations about biden's actions approa sexual assault or serious misconduct. what theour women who've spoken out recently, including lucy flores, a former state legislator, have said is that they were uncomftable when biden either hugged them, kissed them or touched them inappropriately. biden addressed the matter on twitter today. >> in my career, i've always tried to make a human connection.th 's my responsibility i think. i shake hands; i hug people. i grab men and women by the shoulders and say ¡you can do this.' and whether they're women, men,

young, old-- it's the way i've always been. it's the way i tried to show i t care abom and i'm listening. and over the years, knowing whag i've been th the things that i've faced, i've found that scores, if not hundreds of people have come up to me andre hed out for solace and comfort. social norms have begun to change; they've shifted and the boundaries of protecting rsonal space have been reset. and i get it. i get it. i hear what they're saying. i understand it.mu and i'll b more mindful. that's my responsibility, my responsibility. and i'll meet it >> woodruff: let's looome of the issues surrounding all of this. reorcca traister is a writer "new york" magazine and the cut. she's author of "good and mad: the revolutionary power of women's anger." karen tumulty a columnist covering national litics for the "washington post." and frank dobbin is a sociogist at harvard university who studies sexual harassment and diversity training.

and we welcome all three of you to the "newshour". let me first get your reaction, just your take on what the vice predent had to say today. karen tumulty, you first. >> well, i think that this shows, among other things, sort of how rusty hes at this. his initial response to this was essentially to say toh te women who were accusing him of making them uncomfortable was to say i'm sorry that your feelings got hurt. this is a very fferent kind of statement. this is him sort of acknowledging that the fault es in his own actions and promising to change those actions. >> woodruff: professor dobbin,u how did ad what the vice president said? >> well, i think it's a little surprising that h didn't follow the issue over the last nearlyi 40 yearsnce he was in the clarence thomas hearings in 1991, but i think it's an indication of kind of a

n nerational shift. there's a generat people that just hasn't really been aware of what kinds of changes in social norms there are, and, in this case, het least acknowledges that he was out of sync with whatas going on. >> woodruff: rebecca traister, how did you hear him? >> well, i do think thatal espe the final part about acknowledging norms are changing and that he's engaged in this conversati is what heneeded to say, but he did need to say it five days ago and, really, 20 years ago, 10 years ago, two .ears ago he's billed himself of late as somebody who's very interestedse in tssues. he's involved with "it's on us" talking abouissues around changing norms and gender and power, yet he was very slow to respond with what he needed to say, and what he doesn't address in this statement is the degrees to which nore also changing around the world, and the term of that kind of touching isi reflected in policy record.

he's been 30 years in the senate and as vice president and a paternal role in hiso psition on taternal health and the ani hill hearings. he needs to address a lot about what has snifted our politics and norms and ideas about gender and power. >> woodruff: i want to broadenab this to talut what is going on if terms of our entire country, our entire society at this point. karen tumulty, have norms changed? >> yeah, i think that the #meo movement is sort of evolving from a movement into a norm, and by that i mean part of all of this is all of us understanding that, when women come forwarde with thcounts, that we both give them the benefit ofin the doub their version of events, but also the benefit in the doubt of tlhe vaidity of their feelings about it. but, at the same time, i think we do have to recognize that not

every offense has carried the same degree of severity and that, you know, a lot of these c jume from, you know, behavior thats just clueless. and if the person who is, you know, alleged to have committed these sort of understands t degree to which this behavior makes pple uncomfortable and is sensitive to that, i do think that thre reaought to be, you know, a path to redemption, for lesser offeers, as it were. >> woodruff: i want to explore that but i want to come back, too, to what you said, professor dobbin. you talked about a generational shift. you know, what did you mean by that? >> well, there has been a change in norms since 1991 in the clarence thos hearings. what we generally recognize explicitly as okay and as no okay has changed pretty mramatically -- things like trying to date ne at work -- but this kind of

albehavior, as he wouldl it, just emotional behavior, he would just call it part of the way he does his job. one of the things i find disturbing is that we've undergone a pretty massive social experiment since the early 1990s, in 1991 at the time of the clarence th hearing, about 25% of medium and large cpanies had some kind of harassment training. >> woodruff: right. by the end of th%e '90s, 75 had some kind of harassment training. but if you look at reports of harassment and surveys of workplace harassment, harassment hasn't really declined very much in that time. so i think at the extreme ends of the continuum, when you think about what's ok and what's not okay, you know, we know that sexual assault at work is widely viewed as not okay and that trying to date an underling, and per assistantsly trying to daten underling is considered to be

not okay, but a lot of stuff in the middle people haven't gotteu the message and that's one of the reasons we still see high rates of harassment. >> woodruff: rebca, how clear is it what is okay and isn't okay now in a in a public setting? >> well, i think the question of clarity is a tough one because, when you're changing norms, you're literally changing the rules in the middle to have tt e game, ere's no other real way to do it, right? bbinink when professor do talked about the generational shift, you have people born in an era where cetain kinds of behavior were normalized before the term sexual harassment't waven coined, which is after joe biden was elected to the senate i1972. so we are changing the ideas about what is permissible and also the interrogation of what kind of power the sort of access to women's body,, what does it mean to be a powful man who was he can -- you know what he

says as an emotional connection but winds up being uncomfortable physical touch with a woman who's his junior but in his field, a peer, these women are workg with him, or other politicians. the game is changing and that means there isn't always a cle answer, but the key thing is you have to listen to the people who are telling you this feels like it's conveying something that is mcomfortable to me or conveys you don't think o as an equal, it feels diminishing. we have to listen t the conversation about it before we can say this is okay, not okay, it is ng ongnd evolving process of trying to change the way we approach power and gender. >> karen, is it easier now to hold people accountable for their actions? i think we're all trying to figure out is there a way to sort through this now that brings us to some conclusion that more of us can agree with? >> oh, ithink it is absolutely easier to have these conversations, and especiall over the last year and a half since we have seen so many brave

women come forward in the #metoo movement and tell their stories and be believed. but, you know, at the same tie, you've had -- i mean, the s vious comparison,u know, donald trump sits in the white house right now having boasted about, you know, grabbing women by their genitals anbei accused of actual sexual assault by a number of women. so it isn't like i think we have very, very clear standards, at this point, but it is true that the conversation is happening, and that's a vey welcomed development. >> professor dobbin, where should people turn to look force guidn what's right? who do they look to? >> well, the problem ishe law isn't very clear about that.wh court cases say is unwanted sexual contact or unwanicd ph contact, but who's to say who wants it?

obviously, in this case, biden b thought he wing friendly in these cases, and, so, i assume he thought tt the women who have come forward wanted that contact. but i think there's a bigger issue, which is we have been trying to prevent harassment with sexual harassment training, and it doesn't work, it doesn't change the incidence of haraoment in therkplace. it can make things worse by exacerbati the behavior of th worst kinds of harassers, to begin with. it tends to be preaching to the choir. and then our solution, when people experience harassment is a grievance process in most companies at doesn't work, that backfires, and that women don't use because they know they won't get any kind of resolution. when you asked earlier, is it easier now than it was, it's psier, i think, to reort a high-profile man, a senator or

the c.e.o. of a company or jeffrey weinstein, but, you know, for the pern whose manager is harassing them at a1: mcdonald's at00 at night, they don't really have anybody to go to because their only real remedy is to talk to their manager, who's probably the person who's harassing them, or to use a grievous process that -- grievance process that they know won't prose positive results because they never do.e' i think wre in a conundrum because we don't know how to solve the problem. it's great the #metoo movement is making public progress in what the norms a de, but ion't see much changing in the workplace. >> woodruff: finally, rebecca traister, what doou say to people, women or men, who are looking around saying what's my guidance here? how do i know where the boundaries are today? >> well, again, i would emphasize listeno the peoe who are telling you, describing the experience of feeling theiri boun are being violated, but also look to the power

imbalances because so much what enables behavior is not just harassment and -- this is obviously when we're talking about biden, we't talking about a violent assault, but what enables sexism, the diminishment, you know, in another category, racism is unequal power distribution, and when you look at politics and businesses, what you see is a lot of power that's been in the hands of mm and for a long tie in the hands of white men, and part of the criticism here isn't just about saying individualhi people did som bad. it's actually a critique of the way that the system ha distributed power unequally and that some people have been in a position to have access to women's bodies or to me the rules, to make the norms around ireir preferences and the ideas, and, as some of the people who have had less power are gaining a voice and sayalg, ac, that makes me

uncomfortable, i feel like i have been denied an equal share of this power, i'm being denied respect and a hearing, i thnk that's a bigger critique that we're talking about is saying let's chge some of the structural dynamics that have put so much power into theands of certain kinds of people for so longrein certaialms. >> woodruff: sobering thought in a subject i know we'll come back to again and again because it is an important one. rebecca traister, kar tumulty, professor frank dobbin, thank you all three. >> thanks, judy. you, judy. >> woodruff: tonight we have the first in a series about the remarkable continent of antarctica. william brangham and producers mike fritz and emily carpeaux spent two weeks there, and in coming weeks, they'll report on climate change, tourism, and the history of the vast, ice-covered continent at the bottom of the world.

but they begin with a story about a man dedicated to studying the penguins that live on the antarctic peninand how they're adapting to a urrming environment. it's part ofeekly series or the leading edge of science. >> brangham: forthan 35 years, ron naveen has been coming every year to antarctica, to do something he still can't believe he gets paid for:nd researchount penguins. >> i have the best job on the planet. >> brangham: is that right? >> well, i'm a penguin counter for god's sake. can't beat that, can you? >> brangham: no, i don think you ca naveen is a formerawyer for the environmental protection agency, but he left government work back in the 1980's to sta"" oceanities," a nonprofit that tracks the health of three penguin species that breed on the antarctic peninsula. it's home to millions of these

charming, occasionally awkward, flightless birds. they're really funny. they're like little human beings. they don't have knees, so they're waddling around all the time. they look kind of silly, stupid, and late for dinner, and all that stuff, but they're just cute as hell, and i love spending time watching their behaviors. >> brangham: the antarctic peninsula is the 800 mile-long stretch of land that branches off from the northwest corner of thcontinent. this region has been warming faster than almost anywhere else in the world, and naveen say that warming is having a dramatic impact on penguins. >> ecause i've been coming here for so long, i've seen penguin populations of certain colonies thin out pr.ty dramatical one colony that we studied at deception island has gone from an estimated 90,000 breedi f pairs to 50 er. >> brangham: wow. >> 50,000 or fewer. >> braham: 90,000 down to 50? >> yes. >> brangham: that's a huge drop- off.

>> right and you have to think climate is implicated. >> brangham: we first met naveen and his lleague, seabird ologist grant humphries in the southern argentinian city of ushuaia as they were preparing for their annual trip south. there they met with dr. heather lynch, an evolutionary biologist from stony brook university, who was just returning from a similar expedition. she d naveen have long partnered in this penguin research. >> what we see are some species are going to be major climate change winners, and there are going to be others species that are no longer able to thrive on the antarctic peninsula. and the changes thate've seen have been so rapid that it's really important that we're down here every year to monitor them. >> brangha the research teams hitch rides on the various tourist ships willing to give them a lift to the bottom of the world. and for more than two weeks we followed naveen and humphries on this remarkable continent as they trudged through snow, hiked up rocky peaks, and went into areas few humans are allowed to see. the three different species they've been tracking here are:

adelies, with the distinct white circle round their eyes,ps chinstra, named for that thin marking across their faces, and gentoos, with the orange beaks. >> antarctic penguins are just fobelievable animals. they've been aroun60 es>> brangham: grant humph says these birds have long survived and thrived in some of the most inhospitable terrain on the planet. >> ty look like rugby balls, you know? they just don't lo like they're made for anything, and here we are on top of this hill here. they've come up from ter and hiked up through deep snow, up over the ros and all that, to get up here. it's not like they have hands. it is spectacular how hardy these animals are. >> brangham: the sound that we hear them making, when they put their head up, and make that? what are they doing, there? >> they're displaying one to other. he-haw, he-haw, the donkey call of the penguin. b ngham: are they communicating something with that? >> "this is my nest. you're my mate. this is my territory."

>> brangham: in the summer, wheo it's a balmy 20 degrees out, the birds seek out some clear ground where they build these piles of rocks for nests. after their chicks hatch, the pengui head back to sea for the winter. penguins are generally monogamous, roughly 80 to 90% stick together for life. that doesn't mean though, thatac when they cometo nest each summer, it's all marital bliss. >> males, often, for example, will come back, claim his rocks, and start displaying. >> brangham: that's the "come hither, ladies" sound? >> "come back to me, my lady from last year," and she ithopefully will show up wn 10 or 14 days. if she doesn't, he's going to take and get it on with whatever avaible female comes by. of coue that-- he's ready to go, and of course, e these fights which are presumably, between the two females when wife number oneat shows up finds somebody else in the house and they have a battle royal.

>> brangham: oh really? >> oh, absolutely. she doesn't understand who this other bird is, who's sitting in the nest, d he's got a lot of explaining to do. >> brangham: life here for the birds has never been easy. therare predators everywhere from the sea, like this leopard seal, and from t sky, like these skuas flying overhead, constantly raiding penguins nests. krill, the tiny shrimp-like creatures which are the penguins' main food source are declining. they're being heavily fished to supply the booming fish- supplement industry, and everything down here eats krill, including the resurgent gepulation of whales. but climate chans also believed to be harming them. that's forcing penguins to dive deeper and travel further inho s of finding food. the warming on the peninsuso is ausing another, seemingly- contradictory effect: more snow fall, whkes it harder for the birds to breed. y it seems sligh

counterintuitive, the idea that as this region warms, it's getting more snow. >> right, when you get a change, it changes everything. the interaction between that warmer air and the cold sea surface temperate means that you're actually getting more evaporation than you would normally have, and therefore you're getting clouds, you're getting rain, you're getting snow. things that wouldn't oormally happthe peninsula over the course of a whole season, and that heavy snowfall prevents these birds from beie to breed, because it packs down on top of them, the nests fail, and all led to a it' rapid decline for the birds on the peninsula. adelie populations have dropped by nearly 75% since 1990. chinstraps have in se locations dropped by half. >> we're quite concerned about adelies d chinstraps. we're seeing colonies that are getting close to blinkg out, and it could very well be likely that in our lifetime, we'll see adelie and cnstrap penguin completely disappear from the antarctic peninsula. >> brangham: but remarkably, during this same period, the gentoos are actually thriving. their numbers have grown six- fold over the same period. researchers believe it's because

thadey'vted and are now eating more fish instead of krill.he and asreeding season gets harder, they're re-laying their eggs a second time. >> well what's surprising is hoi lar these three species of >> we're all going to have to figure out what's go work in the future and it may look different than what's worked in the past. >> penguins are us, you might say. they breathe the samair have to have good food, home, environment, if one of those falls out of sync, it's troubling. so my question, you night say, in a geeral, euphemisti are we going to be gentoos in the future, or are we going to rave a sinking population like some of the chinor adélie populations? >> brangham: meaning, are we nging to figure out either how to stop this waror how to adapt to it? >> i don't know if we're going to be able to stop it. what i've been focusing a lot upon is whether we're going to be able adapt. >> brangham: at 73, naveen is also learning to adapt. new technologies like drones and

satellites are now useount penguin colonies from above. but he says old-fashioned manual haunters like him will always be needed to verify ws happening on the ground. and even after all these years, he admits that saying goodbye to this magical place is never easy. >> i get very wistful and teary- eyed, to be honest. it's my last day in the antarctic for this season. i do want to come back. i'm intending to come back. i've been doing this forever. i'm not ready to hang up the penguin clicker, but i'll have a few moments later this afternoon with my favorite guys, sitting down there communing with them, then i'll go back to the shipig and have aat smile on my face. i'm the luckiest guy on the planet. >> brangham: for the pbs newshour, i'm williabrangham in antarctica.

>> woodruff: a news update before we go. the chairman of the u.s. house waze and means committee, representative richard neil of minnesota, requested six years of president trump's personal and business tax returns. unlike other recent requests by congressional democrats, representative neil is using a little-knownrovision of tax law dating back a century to the teap dome scandal of the harding administration. it grants the chairman power request tax information on any filer. mr. trump says tonight he is not clined to adhere to the request. on the newshour online, we see how an academy in uganda is training youth to start their own businesses to spark social change. that's on our web site, pbs.org/newshour. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us online and again here tomorrow evening.

for all of us at the pbsne hour, thank you and see you soon. >> maj newshour has been provided by: >> text night and day. >> catch it on replay. >> burning some fat.he >> sharingatest viral cat! >> you can do the things you like to do with a wireless plan designed for you. with talk, text and data. consumer cellular. learn more at consumercellular.tv >> nd with the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals.

>> this program was made n possible by the corporatr public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

♪ hello, everyone. welcome to "amanpour & co." here's what's coming up. >> comey's a liar and a leaker. i did you a great favor when i

fired this guy. >> pilloried and praised. james comey became one of the mostrominent fbi directors in recent memory. after his tangles with trump and clinton. in an exclusive inteiew, we get his take on the mueller report and that question of of obstructioustice. plus why we can't run away from our planet's problems forever. the ultra marathoners racing to spread the word that our water is running out. ♪ uniworld is a proud sponsor