captioning sponsor by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening, i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight, a tense alliance-- i sit down with the turkish foreign minister amid heightened flashpoints with the u.s. then, a historic election in chicago: we talk with lori lightfoot, the first black woman and the first openly gay person to serve as mayor of the city. plus, warnings from antarctica. we kick off our series of reports from the bottom of the world with a look at what penguins can teach us about climate change. >> penguins are us, you might say.re theyhe the same air. they have to have food, a good home, a good environment. if one of those falls out of sync, it's troubling. woodruff: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour. f

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special counsel robert mueller's russia report. the judiciary committee today authorized subpoenas for the report and any related material. democrats rejected attorney general william barr's promise of a redacted version by mid- april. republicans called that reckless, as the two sides argued before voting. >> the committee has a job to do. the constitution charges congress with holding the president accountable fo alleged official misconduct. that job requires us to evaluate the evidence for ourselv, not the attorney general's summary, not a substantially redacted synopsis, but the full report and the underlying evidence. >> if we can't get what we want, we'll try and try again. maybe that's the new theme with this committee. the little train that kept looking for something that says i'll try, and i'll try, and i'll try. but the end of the day, the president's still the president, the economy's still moving forward, the regulations that wa put in are there, and at

this point in time, the attorney general, although he has been smea exactly what the regulations says.tt >> woodruff:ney general ssrr has said mueller found no collusion between and president trump's 2016 campaigde barr also deagainst charging the president with obstcting justice, after mueller reached no conclusion on teat issue. the u.s. senate today to curb debate on most presidential nominees. majority republicans cut the time to two hours from 30. the change will not apply tosl cabines, the supreme court and appeals courts. democrats used the tworule during president obama's second term, but it later lapsed. the mayor-elect of chicago is claiming a mandate for change after tuesday's run-off. lori lightfoot swept all 50 wards. she will be the first black

woman to serve as mayor of chicago, and the first who is openly gay. we'll talk with her, later in the program. the drama over brexit has taken. a new tu british prime minister theresa may met today with the leader of the opposition labour party, searching for a compromise that might pass parliament. she also wants a further delay in leaving the european union. but in brusss, the head of the european commission said "no." pr>> ( translated ): 12 is however the ultimate possible onadline for approval. if the house of codoes not express itself by this date, no further short extension will be possible. >> woodruff: as things stand now, britain faces the prospect of crashing out of the e.u. with no deal.am new, i laws took effect in brunei today, punishing gay sex and adulteryy stoning to death. the southeast asian country

about two-thirds muslim, but the new laws also apply to non- muslims. the measures have sparked calls for boycotts of hotels connected to brunei's ruling sultan. in mozambique, thousands of people lined up to get a cholera vaccine in beira, the port city ravaged by a tropical cyclone last month. more than 1400 cholera cases have been reported there in the last week. health workers have launched a campaign to inoculate some 900,000 storm survivors over the next six days. venezuela's opposition leader juan guaido has vowed defiance after being stripped of his legal immunity. president nicolas maduro's t loyalists tot action last night in a legislative superbody that bypasses the country'sna onal assembly. afterward, guaido warned thosero backing magainst trying toen arrest or idnap him.

>> ( translated ): we know that all they have left is brute force, we know that. but we have audacity, intelligence, soul, strength,op heart, trust in this country, in ourselves. so, armed forcci: you have a on to make. you have a decision to make now. there are all the elemen on the table. allowing this would be to turn againsthe republic. >> woodruff: the u.s. and some 50 other countries recognize guaido as the rightful leader of venezuela. back in this country, three former fraternity members face jail time for the hazing death of timhy piazza, a penn state pledge. the 19-year-old drank heavily and was fatally hurt in a series of falls during a pledge ritual in 2017. the case drew national attention. the three sentenced today will serve from 30 days to nine months. a fourth fraternity member was given 10 months of house arrest. parents involved in a nationwide

college admissions bribery case were in federal urt today in boston. ouey included actresses felicity huffman and lori lghlin. the pair were not asked to enter pleas, and remained free on il. in all, 33 parents are charged-m in a mutlion dollar scheme to get their children intoop schools. and, on wall street, the dow jones industrial average gainedo 39 points to at 26,218. athe nasdaq rose 47 point the s&p 500 added six. still to come on the newshour: my conrsation with the turkish foreign minister. the incoming mayor of chago, lori lightfoot. allegations against joe biden raise questions about respecting boundaries, d much more. >> woodruff: foreign ministers

from nato countries are gathered this week in washington, and one of the allies, turkey, has comer under criticism for its dealing with the alliance's principal adversary: russia. in a moment you'll see my interviewith turkey's foreign minister. but first: some background on an easingly tense showdown between turkey and the united states. it was all smiles last week as turkey's foreign minister mevlu cavusosted his russian counterpart sergei lavrov to reaffirm a major arms deal. we have made this deal with the russian deration and we will honor it. we bought it out of necessity, turkey is in need of an air defense system. >> woodruff: but turkey's decision to buy russia's top-of- the-line s-400 surface-to-air missile system has angered washington, because of a big arms deal of its own: the u.s. is selling f-35 fighte to turkey, a nato ally, and fears

russ would gain technical access or insight to the state- of-the art planes. this week, the pentagon cut off planned f-35 deliveries to ankara, while offeng the turks an american alternative to the russian missile. i am very confident in the patriot proposal that we've delivered to turkey. >> woodruff: acting u.s. defense secretary patrick shanahan says if turkey instead buys the u.s.-made patriot air-defense system, then, problem solved. >> i've had a number of conversations with defense minister akar and i really think we'll resolve the situation, as we are strategic partners. i expect we'll solve the problem so that they have the right defense equipment both in terms of patriots and f-35s >> woodruff: but in washington today, at a nato 70th anniversary event, cavusoglu gave no ground and said the deal with moscow would proceed. vice president mike pence fired back in a speech to the nato gathering.

>> turkey must choose. thes it want to remain a critical partner imost successful military alliance in the history of the world?an or does itto risk the security of that partnership by making reckless decisions that undermine our alliance? >> woodruff: the verbal war over war machines is addireased pressure to a relationship already rife with tension. turkey's president recep tayyip erdogan has long condemned u.s.r sufor syrian kurdish forces in the fit against isis, arguing they a allied with kurdish separatists inside turkey. the foreign minister followed up today, again accusing the pos. of sing a "direct threat" to turkey. we have been asking the united states to actually disengage, disengage with terrorist organization. it seems that they still support this terrorist organization. >> woodruff: meanwhile, local elections in turkey this week

showcased a different challee to erdogan.si the opon won control of ankara, and led in istanbul's mayor's race. we explored most of this, with foreign minister cavusoglu, earlier today. mr. cavusoglu, good to talk to you. thank you for speaking with us. >> thank you for t>> invitation. oodruff: the united states, turkey, long-time lies, but right now seem to be at an impasseur overnment has committed, it says, to buying the russiansy air defensem, the s-400. however, defense secretary says he doesn't think tgs is go to happen, that, instead, you're going to buy an american defens syste patriot. which is it? >> well, we really value our relations. we are not only n.a.t.o. allies but our partnershipbeen actually very successful in many areas in our region, in afghanistan and in europe as

well. now we have some outstanding issues, but, n, s-400 is another issue. we wish we could have both patriots -- i mean the patriots from the united states, and other defense systems from other allies. in past years, we have tried, but we could not buyt frthe united states. now there is a proposal, but st. louis there iso n guarantee that the u.s. will be able to sell them to tukey. we are negotiating the conditions and terms, that's fine, but even president trump cannot assure us that he will get the green light from o ngress. >> woodruff: butu understand why the u.s. opposes turkey having the s-400, worried about the russian defense authorities having access to american defense technology?

>> well, this system will t see f-35s or other n.a.t.o. systems as an enemy and we will make sure it will not happen, and we propose the united states to form a technical working group and to examine this. this is our proposal. so we have to buy s-400s, and it was an urgent need, it wasot r choice for us, but we had to buy it. >> woodruff: theye already purchased? >> it's a tone deal -- done deal. >> wdruff: but are you saying, regardless of what happens with the patriot american system, turkey isit cod to deploy the s-400, the russian -- >> it's a done dea l. >> woodruff: committed to ploy. >> we've purchased this and it has to beo-- >>odruff: deployed. that is the reason we spent our money for this. >> woodratf: evehe risk of a serious split with the united states over this.

>> w we should have serious split? and turkey is a n.a.t.o. ally, and secretaryeneral of n.a.t.o. made it very clear that any ally can purchase any system from other countries who are allies. and there are other n.a.t.o. allies which have s-300s and also russian systems. so why it's that big a problem that turkey had to buy this s-400s because she couldn't buy them from its allies, particularly mainly from the united states. so you d't want to seit to turkey, or you cannot sell them to trkey, and then you insist ybrkey not to buy from y else either. so this is actually unacceptable for us. >> woodruff: the u.s. sees this as direct threat to u.s. national security.

ectwell, it is not a dir threat neither to turkey nor to any other ally nation. >> woodruff: how can you be certain. >> this will be fully under control of turkey, this system. >> woodruff: so the u.s. should tru >> yes. >> woodruff: so much to ask you about. you mentioned sir. i can't not long ago your prsident erdogan said keeping mr. assad in power in syria is unacceptable. now it looks as if mr. assad iso staying iner. is turkey prepared to accept this? >> well, we stiiell bel that he cannot unit the country, is the problem. >> woodruff: meanwhile thu.e , president trump is saying, the u.s. is pulling troops out except f a very small group. .' you understand what the u.s overall strategy is now in syria? >> well, it seems there is no strategy yet.

there are some decisions of trump to withdraw and differente statementsoming from different institutions. >> woodruff: where are the different statements coming from? >> from the president himself, from different departments, from military, from centcom, military on the t grouns is what we see from turkey, actually, you see better here in the united states. >> woodruff: so how do you know what's going on? >> that's why we have now a task force. we brought military and intense and minister of foreign affairs on both sides toat coordit. >> woodruff: it's well known what turkey's government believes abut the y.p.g. operating in northern syria. y r government, at this point, planning to attack? is your post ture they cannot stay there, that they should be attackednd removed at some

point? >> well, we are prepared or that option, as well. but, kins trump told preside erdogan that the u.s. is withdrawing from syria, we actually started working together, coordinating the things together. >> woodruff: just a few otinher i want to ask you about quickly. number one is the cornellist jamelle bouie -- journalt jamal khashoggi murdered at the saudi conl in istanbul. do you plan to release the audio recording you have of the murder and any other information you have about that? >> well, any information is no longer a secret, and we have shared all this infmations with everybody, including thea. c. it is up to, of course, the chief prosecor to make it public or not. >> woodruff: in saudi arabia. no, in turkey, it's up to our

prosecutor in istanbul to give such decisions and there are still unanswered questions, ndcluding the whereabouts o of khashoggi's body the local collaborators and masterminds. we share all the findings on our side with thesaudi chef prosecutor, but, in turn, we couldn't get anything from them >> woodruff:u are saying the saudis are holding this up? >> right. >> woodruff: questiout the trump administration's proposal for israeli-palestinian peace, a middle east peace plan. do you have a view of this? >> well, we don't have a view because, until today, there is no peace plan, this is for sure, and we are not sure whether there will be a peace plan or not. everybody is quite skeptical on

this because of the decisions that the united states has taken so far, and the decision tove the embassy to jerusalem actually was a kind of turning point. so the u.s. -- eve believes that the u.s. is no longer a balanced country or objective, and toinitiate a peace plan, first you have to be an honest broker, and the last decision, for instance, of trump, again, to recognize the golan heights as the territory of israel is anotheractlly, decision that everybody has been very much concerned. u.s., first, has to be an honest bror to initiate the peace plan on this issue. >> woodruff: minister

cavusoglu, thank you very much for talking with us. >> thank you. late today the state department said secre warned cavusoglu this afternoon in washington that any unilateral turkish military action in syria would hold "potentially devastating consuences." ing >> woodruff: the city of broadld shs and tough politics turns a new page. for the first time in 30 years, chicago has elected a new mayor whose name isn't daley or emanuel. lisa desjardins reports. >> desjardins: it was a landslide, history-making victory, and chicago's new mayor-elect, democrat lori

lightfoot, said chicagoans made clear who, and what, they wanted: >> you did more than make history. you created a movement for change. (applause) with this mandate for change, now we're going to take the next steps together. together, we can and will finally put the interests of our people all of our people ahead powerfulnterests of few. >> desjardins: lightfoot, who is openly gay, will be the first black woman to lead the city.e' an attorney, and she's a relative outsider to chicago'sl politiene. she'd distanced herself from the current mayor, rahm emanuel, even though he'd previously named her to oversight posts. starting with the primary in february, she bested 13 other erndidates, including form white house chief of staff bill daley, of the powerful daley family . and in yesterday's runoff, she easily deated toni preckwkle, a long-time fixture in local politics. lightfoot appeared with fellow

democrat preckwink today, and preckwinkle pledged to work with her former foe: >> we have some real chaenges ahead of us in our county and in our city. and i look forward to working with mayor-elect lightfoot to address those challenges. >> desjardins: lightfoot herself comes from a working-class background, and her resume includes snts as a federal prosecutor, and president of the chicago police board. she inherits a city still struggling with gun violence,se and a deep sf the haves and have nots, in the role of police and in its much scrutinized school system. those are themes for lightfoot, but she is pragmatic and directn pproach. it's something she displayed when asked today why it took so long for a black woman to be elected mayor. >> i can't look into the crystal ball, all i can say is say here and now, here i am and now wemo forward. i spoke to mayor-elect lorioo lighearlier today andin

fgan by awhat her hestoric win mea chicago. >> well, i thinkay in which we won, which is getting support from literally every ward in the city, is historic mandate for change. rhicago's been under the grip of the corrupt andoken political machine for as long as erybody's memory, and i think people realize that something was problematic, needed to have change, but weren't confident t thwas possible. way in which i won in february really gave people optimism and hope that we could go in a completely different direction, and i think this broad mandate that i glast night is a real prescription for ange. >> your city has been in the headlines too often in the past few years for violencme it's sing you have talked about and, specifically, in your t toaign, you say you w address the illegal flow of guns into chigo, but how do you do that as mayor of the city? >> well, first of all, you've got to make sure f ourederal

partners in the u.s. attorneys office, atf, f..i., dea, not only here in chicago but all the places that are sources of illegal guns ha fe to beocused on a proactive strategy to go after the gun dealers, traffickers, fely possessions, if we focus on those individuals in a cord made way, we'll see significant drops in the number of guns that are coo our city and, as a consequence, the number of gun-related shootings and homicides. >> do you see this as an enforcement issue primarily or do you think there are new gun t la city needs to put in place? >> i think it's got two major pillare the violencere seeing is really an epidemic. it's a public sialth cri what we haven't done is look enough at what's the root causes. a lot of what we're seeing are crim of poverty and tht means people don't feel a connection to the legitimate economy, andes that maense when you think about the fact that we have 25%

unemployment or higher in a crime plagued neighborhoods, we have the vast majority ofeopl that live in those neighborhoods are on some form of governmentas stance, 40% of african-american children in the city are living in poverty. what that cries out for to me is a need to invest in our people, neighborhoods, sma rebuild our neighborhood schools, and if we focus on those things, we're going to absolutely drive down violence r d create an environment, an infrastructure fsitive change. >> on the subject of policing, you are a ormer prsecutor, but you've also come out during this campaign saying you th sometimes police are reaching too far, perhaps in the use of the gang data base there in chicago, and you think maybe some people are getting tagged in the jus system inappropriately. obviously, there's a trust iss c cago with the police. can you talk about the balance with law enforcement and police, should something be done there? >> well, lok, the police can't

be effective if they are not viewed as a legitime force for good, so we have to continue the hard but necessary work of bridging that divide and haing multiple data bases, which is what we have right no, who have people who got in it 30 years ago, there's no transparency arou it, you don't know how to get in, you don't know how to get off, aso i said was that data base has to be decertified and, only when we have a process of transparency, demonstration of peoplworking onboard in the processes and a tanners parent way to get out of aata base can we stand up. the superintendent and police, will be one of the primaryab issues we talout. >> you talked about forgotten chicago around making sure you loing deent and resources to the part of chicago outside of the gleaming dowciown, esly south and west. but we've heard this from politicians of chicago for years. how do you make that happen?e, >> number ou've got to deal with the violence because

nobody's going to invest in neighborhos where they don't feel safe, where their employees or property is not going to be efe. that's t overarching issue that affects every other thing ee want to do to uplift th quality of life in neighborhoods. then the city itself has to come up with a cmprehensive plan for economic development, which we do not have, which means we've got to gonto those economically distressed neighborhoods, listen to the people there, engage in a conversation about the assets and opportunities, and then use that information to develop a comprehensive plan in which we can drive progress.co >> ose, one of the national headlines coming out of rhicago recently involves ac jussie smollett. i know you have been getting a lot of questions about this. (laughter) >> i do. smollett was chargednd lice say he was guilty of filing a false police report but the charges were dropped with almost no explanation. as a former federal prosecutor yourself, what do you think about the role of privilege?

iis there" role for privilege in the law enforcement chicago? >> privilege should never change the outcome, no matter your financial status or celebrity, everybody should face the same level of justice, and that's the concern that we have in this case. first of all, we need to makeer sure we unand, hate crimes do happen. people are targeted as a rt ult of wey look like, how they -- the god that they worship or who they love, so i don't want to dismiss that, but within this particular circumstance, within fivwee time of when the charges were laid out and seemed like there was an overwhelming case aga this individual, suddenly thef attorney's ofice dismisses charges with no responsibility on the part o mr. smollett. that begs for an explanation. i have been saying for a week nce the issue came up at the state attorney's office has to give a more full explanation so

you eliminate the perception you're a celebrity you get better treatment than the vast majority of people making their way through a tor torturous kg system. >> i read yo particularly credit your mom who came from the segregated south of being a driving force in your life. what does she think about this historic win? >> my mother is a fascinating person. she says this is how i raised you. i wanted you to be able to take advantage of the opportunities, out the be strong and fearless and feel like you have the confidence to be anything w that yted to be and take on any challenge. so i know she's aery prod i'm grateful for her being my mother but also being a constant presence in my life. >> mayor ele lori lightfoot of chicago, thank you for joining us. >> thank you very much. i appreciate it.

>> woodruff: stay with us,he coming up onewshour: we kick off our series from the bottt of the world: the effec of climate change on the penguins of antarctica some of former vice president e biden's past personal behavior is sparking conversaons about boundaries when it comes to physical contact and consent. they go beyondimself to questions about social norms that were once tolerated by many women but may no longer be acceptable. to be clear, none of the publi accusations about biden's actions approach sexual assault or serious misconduct. what the four women who've spoken out recently, including f lucy flores,mer state legislator, have said is that they were uncomfortable when biden either hugged them, kissed them or touched them inappropriately.

biden addressed the matter on twitter today. >> in my career, i've always tried to make a human binnection. that's my responty i think. i shake hands; i hug people.nd i grab menomen by the shoulders and say ¡you can do this.' and whether they're women, men,o g, old-- it's the way i've always been. it's the way i tried to show i re about them and i'm listening. and over the years, knowing what i've been through, the things that i've faced, i've found that scores, if not hundr people have come up to me and reached out for solace and comfort.ms social nave begun to change; they've shifted and the boundaries of protectingav personal spacebeen reset. and i get it. i hat it. i hearthey're saying. i understand it. ani'll be much more mindfu that's my responsibility, my responsibility. and i'll meet it. >> woodruff: let's look at some of the issues surrounding all of this. rebecca traister is a writer for "nework" magazine and the cu

she's author of "good and mad: the revolutionary power of women's anger." karen tumulty is a columnist covering national politics for the "washington post." and frank dobbin is a sociologist at harva university who studies sexual harassment and diversity training. and we welcome all three of you y the "newshour". let me first ger reaction, just your take on what the vice president had to sy today. karen tumulty, you first. a>> well, i think tht this shows, among other things, sort of how rusty he is at this. his initial response to this was essentially to say to the women who were accusing him of making them uncomfortable was to say i'm sorry that your feengs got hurt. this is a very different kind of statement. this is him sort o acknowledging that the fault lies in hiown actions and promising to change those actions.

>> woodruff: professor dobbin, w did you read what th vice president said? >> well, i think it's a little surprising that he didn't follow the issue over the last nearly 40 years since he was in thema clarence thearings in o91, but i think it's an indication of ki a generational shift. there's a neration of peoe that just hasn't really been aware of what kinds of changes in social norms there are, and, in this case, he at least acknowledges that he was out of sync with what was going on. >> woodruff: rebecca traister, how did you har him >> well, i do think that especially the final part aboute ackning norms are changing and that he's engaged in this conversation is whahe needed to say, but he did need to say it five days ago anda, relly, 20 years ago, 10 years ago, two years ago.il he'sled himself of late as somebody who's very interested in these iss he's involved with "it's on us" talking about issues around changing norms and gender andpo

r, yet he was very slow to t spond with what he needed to say, and wha doesn't address in this statement is the degree to wch norms are al changing around the world, and the term of that kind of touching is refllted in his poy record. he's been 30 years in the senate and asc vie president and a paternal role in his position on maternal health and the anita hill hearings. he needs to address lot about what has snifted our politics and norms and ideas about gender and power. >> woodruff: i want to broaden thiso talk about what ising on if terms of our entire country, our entire society at this point. karen tumulty, have norms changed? >> yeah, i think tat the #metoo movement is sort of evolving from a movement into a norm, and by that i mean part of all of this is all of us understanding

that, when women come forward with tese accounts, that we both give them the benefit of ve doubt in thersion of events, but also the benefit in the doubt of the validity of their feelings about it. but, at the same time, i think we do have to recogze that no every offense has carried the same degree of severity and that, you know, a lot of these just comom, you know, behavior that is jst clueless. and if the person who is, youle know, ald to have committed these sort of under degree to which this behavior makes people uncomfortable and is sensitive to thadot, i hink that there really ought to be, you know, a path tioo redem for lesser offenders, as it were. >> woodruff: i want to explore that but i want to come back, too, to what you said, professor dobbin. you talked about a generational shift. you know, wht did you mean by

that? >> well, there has been a change in norms sinc1991 in the clarence thomas hearings. what we generally recognize explicitly as okay and as not okay has changed pretty dramatically -- things like trying to date someone at work -- but this kind of behavior, as he would call it, just emotional behavior, he would just call it part of the b.y he does his jo one of the things i find disturbing is that we've undergone a pretty massive social experiment since the early 1990s, in a19the time of the clarence thomas hearing, about 25% of medaniud large companies had some kind of harassment training. >> woodruff: ght by the end of the '90s, 75% had some kind of harsmt training. but if you look at reports of harassment and surveys of workplace harassment, harassment hasn't really declined very much

in that time. so i think at the extreme ends of the continuum, when you think about what's okay and what's not okay, you know, we know at sexual assault at work is widely viewed as not okay and t trying to date an underling, and per assistantsly trying to date an underling is considered to be not okay, but aot of stuff the middle people haven't gotten the message about, and that's one of the reasts weill see high rates of harassment. >> woodruff: rebecca, ho clear is it what is okay and isn't okay now in a workpce, in a public setting? >> well, i think the question of clarity is a tough one because, when you're changing norms, you're literally changing the rules in the middle to have the game, but there's no other real way to do it, right? i think when professor dobbin talked about the generational shift, you have peoine bor an era where certain kinds of behavior were nomalized before the term sexual harassment

elsn't even coined, which is after joe biden wated to the senate in 1972. so we are changing the ideas about what i permissible and also the interrogation of what kind of power the sort of access to women's body,, what does it mean to be a powerful man who was he can -- you know what he says as aemotional connection but winds up being uncphfortable ical touch with a woman eho's his junior but in his field, a peer, t women are working with him, or other politicians. the game is chad nging at means there isn't always a clear answer, but the key thing is you have to listen to the people who are telling you this els like it's conveying something that is uncomfortable to me or conveys you don't think of me as an eql, it feels diminishing. we have to listen to the conversation about it before we kcan say this is o, not okay, it is an ongoing and evolving g to change the way we approach power and gender. >> karen, is it easier now toho people accountable for their actions?

i think we're all trying to figure out is there a way to sort through this now that brings us to some conclusion that more of us can agree wih? >> oh, i think it is absolutely easier to have these conversations, and especially over the last year and a half since we have seen so many brave women come fore ward in etoo movement and tell their stories and be believed. but, you know, at the same time, you've had -- i mean,he obvious comparison, is you know, donald trump sits in thehite house right now having boasted about, you know, grabbing women by their genitals and being accused of acssual sexuallt by a number of women. so it ist like i think we have very, very clear standards, at this point, but it is true thati the conversati happening, and that's a very welcomed development.

>> profess dobbin, where should people turn to look for guidance on what's right? who they look? >> well, the problem is the law isn't very clear about that. what court cases say is un sexual contact or unwanted physical contact, but who's to say who wants it? obviously, in this case, bien , ought he was being friendly in these cases, a, i assume he thought that the women who ve come forward wanted that contact. but i think there's a bigger issue, which is we have been trying to prevent harassment with sexual harassment training, d it doesn't work, it doesn't change the incidence of harassment in the workplace. it can make things worse by exacerbating the behavior of the worst kinds of harassers, to begin with. it tends to acbe preng to the choir. and then our solution, when people experience harassment is

a grievance process in most companies that doesn't work, that backfires, and that women don't use because they know they won't get any kind of resolution. so when you asked earlier, is it easier now than was, it's easier, i think, to report a high-prole man, a senator or the c.e.o. of a company or jeffrey weinstein, you know, for the person whose manager is harassing them at a mcdonald's at 11:00 at night, they don't really have anybody to go to because their only real remedy is to talk to their manager, who's probably the person who t's harassinghem, or to use a grievous proce that -- grievance process that they know won't prose positive results because they never do. i think we're in a conundrum because weon't know how to resolve the problem. it's great the #metoo movementis aking public progress in what the norms are, but i don't see much changing in the workplace. >> woodruff: finally, rebecca traister, what do you say to

people, women or men, who ared looking aroying what's my guidance here? how do i know where te boundaries are today? >> well, again, i would emphasize listen to the people who are telling you, desriibing the exce of feeling their boundaries are being violated, but also look to theower imbalances because so much of what enables behavior is not just harassment and -- thou is oby when we're talking about biden, we're not talking about a vi, olent assaut what enables sexism, the diminishment, you know, in another category, racisis unequal power distribution, and en you look at politics and businesses, what you see is a lot of power that's been in the hands of men and for a long time in the hands of white men, and part of the criticism here isn's just aboying individual people did something bad. it's actually a critique of the way that the system has distributed power unequally and that some people have been in a

position to have accesto women's bodies or to make the rules, to make the norms aror ud theferences and their ideas, and, as some of the people who have had less power are gaining a voice and saying, actually, that makes meor uncoble, i feel like i have been denied an equal share of this power, i'm being denied respect and a hearing, i think that's a bigger critique that we're talking about is saying let's change some of the structural dynamics that havepu so much power into the hands of certain kinds of people fr so long in certain realms. >> woodruff: sobering thought we a subject i kno'll come back to again and again because it is an important one. rebecctraister, karen tum,ul professor frank dobbin, thank you all three. >> thanks, judy. you, judy. >> woodruff: tonight we have the first in a series about the

remarkable continent of antarctica. william brangham and producers mike fritz and emily carpeaux spent two weeks there, and in coming weeks, they'll report on climate change, tourism, and the history of the vast, ice-coveren cot at the bottom of the world. but they begin with a storyde about a man dicated to studying the penguins that live on the antarctic peninsula, and how they're adapting to a warming environment. it's part of our weekly series on the leading edge of science. >> braham: for more than 35 years, ron naveen has been coming ery year to antarctica, to do something he still can't believe he gets paid research and count penguins. >> i have the best job othe planet. ng brangham: is that right? >> well, i'm a n counter for god's sake. can't beat that, can you? >> brangham: no, i don't think

you can. naveen is a former lawyer for the environmental protection agency, but he left government b wok in the 1980's to start" oceanities," a nonprofit that tracks the health of three ninguin species that breed on the antarctic peula. it's home to millions of these charming, occasially awkward, ightless birds. they're really funny. l they're litle human beings. they don't have knees, so they're waddling around all the time. they look kind of silly, andd stupid, te for dinner, and all that stuff, but they're just cute as hell, and i love spending time watching their haviors.ra >>ham: the antarcticni peula is the 800 mile-long stretch of land that branches off from the northwest corner of the continent. this region has been warming faster than almost anywhere else in the world, and naveen says at warming is having a dramatic impact on penguins. >> ecause i've been coming here for so long, i've seen the penguin populations of certain

colonies thin out pretty dramatically. one colony thawe studied at ception island has gone from an estimated 90,000 breeding pas to 50 or fewer. >> brangham: wow. >> 50,000 or fewer. >> brangham: 90,000 do to 50? >> yes. >> brangham: that's a huge drop- off. >> right and you havto think climate is implicated. >> brangham: we first met naveen and his colleague, seabirdhu biologist granhries in the southern argentinian city of huaia as they were preparing for their annual trip south. there they met with dr. heather lynch, an evolutionary biologist from stony brook university, who was just returning from a similar expedition. she and naveen have long partnered in this penguin research. >> what we see are some species are going to be major climate change winners, and there areto goine others species that are no longer able to thrive on the antarctic peninsula. and the changes that we've seenr have been id that it's really important that we're down here every year to monitor them. amsbrangham: the research hitch rides on the various tourist ships willing to give them a lift to the bottom of tho

d. and for more than two weeks we followed naveen and humphries on this remarkable continent as they trudged through snow, hiked up rocky peaks, and went into areas few humans are allowed to see.en the three diffspecies they've been tracking here are: adelies, with the distinct white circle round their eyes, chinstraps, named for that thin marking across their faces, s,d gentith the orange beaks. >> antarctic penguins are just unbelievable animals. they've been around for 60 >> brangham: grant humphries says these birds have long survived and thrived in some of the most inhospitable terrain on the anet. >> they look like rugby balls, you know? they just don't look like they're made for anything, and here we are on top of this hil here. they've come up from the water and hiked up through deep snow, up over the rocks and all that, to get up here. it's not like they have hand it is spectacular how hardy these animals are. >> brangham: the sound that we

hear them making, when they put their head up, and make that?at re they doing, there? >> they're displaying one to another. he-haw, he-haw, the donk call of the penguin. >> brangham: are they communicating something with that? >> "this is my nest. you're my mate. this is my territory." >> brangham: in the summer, when almy 20 to 30 degrees out, the birds seek out some clear ground where they build these piles of rocks for nests. after their chicks hatch, the penguins head back to sea for the winter. penguins are generally monogamous, roughly 80 to 90% stick together for life. that doesn't mean though, that aren they come back to nest each summer, it's allal bliss. >> males, often, for example, will come back, claim his rocks, and start displaying. >> brangham: that's the "come hither, ladies" sound?co >> " back to me, my lady from last ar," and she hopefully will show up within 10 or 14 days. if she doesn't, he's going to

take and get it on with whatever available female comes by. of course that-- he's ready to go, and of course, you see these fights wlych are presumbetween the two females when wife number one yows up late, finds someb else in the house and they have a battle royal. >> brangham: oh really?bs >> oh,utely. she doesn't understand who this other bird is, who's sitting in the nest, and he's got a lot of explaining to do. >> brangham: life here for the birds has never been easy. there are predators erywhere. from the sea, like this leopard seal, and from the sky, like these skuas flying overhead, constantly raiding penguins nests. t krill, ty shrimp-like creatures which are the penguins' main food source are declining. they're being heavily fished to supply the booming fish- supp ment industry, and everything down here eats krill, including the resurgentla popuon of whales. but climate change is also believed to be harming them.

that's forng penguins to dive deeper and travel further in hopes of finding food. the warming on the peninsula is also causing another, seeminglyt dictory effect: more snow fall, which makes it harder for the bis to breed. it sms slightly counterintuitive, the idea that as this region warms, it's getting re snow. >> right, when you get a change, it changes everything. the interaction between that rmer air and the cold se surface temperature means that you're actually getting more evaporation than you we,ld normally hnd therefore you're getting clouds, you're getting rain, you're getting snow. things that wouldn't normally happen on the peninsul the course of a whole season, and that heavy snowfall prevents these birds from being able to breed, because it packs down on top of them, the nests fail, and >> brangham: it's all led to a rapid decline for the birds on the peninsula. adelie populations have dropped by nearly 75% since 1990. chinstraps have in some locations dropped by half. >> we're quite concerned about adelies and chinstraps.

we're seeing colonies that are getting close to blinking out, and it could very well be likely that in our lifetime, we'll see adelie and chinstrap penguin completely disappear from the antarctic peninsula. >> brangham: but remarkably, during this same period, the gentoos are actually ting. their numbers have grown six- fold over the same period. researchers believe it's because they've adapted and are now eating more fish instead ofil and as the breeding season gets harder, they're re-laying theirc eggs ad time. >> well what's surprising is how similar these three species of >> we're all going to have to figure out what's going to work in the future and it may look different than what's worked in the past. >> penguins arus, you might say. they breathe the same air, have to have good food, home, i environment,one of those falls out of sync, it's troubling. so mquestion, you night say, in a general, euphemisti are we going to be gentoos in the future, or are we gointo have a sinking population like some of the chinstrap or adélie

populations? >> brangham: meaning, arwe going to figure out either how to stop this warming, or how to adapt to it? >> i don't know if we're going to be able to stop it. what i've been focusing a lot upon is whether we're going to be able to adapt. >> brangham: at 73, naveen is l alsorning to adapt. new technologies like drones and satellites a now used to count penguin colonies from above. but he says old-fashioned manual counters like him will always be needed to verify what's happening on the ground. and even after all these years, he admits that saythg goodbye to magical place is never easy. >> i get very wistful and teary- eyed, to be honest. it's my last day in ther antarctic is season. i do want to come back. i'm intending to come back.ee i'vedoing this forever. i'm not ready to hang penguin clicker, but i'll have a uyw moments later this afternoon with my favorite sitting down there communing with them,

then i'll go back to tp and have a big fat smile on my face. i'm the luckiest guy on the planet. >> brangham: for the pbs newshour, i'm william brangham in antarctica. >> woodruff: a news update before we go. the cha.sirman of thehouse waze and means committee, representative richard neil of minnesota, requested six years of president trump's personal anesbustax returns. unlike other recent requests by congressional democrats, representative neil is using a little-known provision of ta law dating back a century to the teapot dome scandal of the harding administration. it grants the chirman power to request tax information on any filer. mr. trump says tonight he is not inclined to adhere to the

request. on the newshour online, we see how an academy in uganda istr ning youth to start their own businesses to spark social change. that's on our web site, pbs.org/newshour. and that's the newshour foni t. i'm judy woodruff. join us online and again here e tomorrning. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and see you soon. >> major funding for t h pbs newshour been provided by: >> text night and day. >> catch it on replay. >> burning some fa >> sharing the latest viral cat! >> you can do the things you like to do with a wireless plan designed for you with talk, text and data. consumer cellular. learn more at consumercellular.tv

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