captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight: members of special counsel robert mueller's team have concerns about the attorney uegeneral's summary of theer report. then, preliminary reports from ethiopia point to software problems in the crash of a eing max jet. plus, using behavioral economics to help children undergo difficult medical treatments.ig >> we had toe out like, how in the world are we going to keep him upbeat and optimistic and hopeful, so he co all the incredibly hard things he s to do to get better? >> woodruff: all that and more, on tonht's pbs newshour.

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>> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting scienan, technology, improved economic performance and financial literacy in the 21st century. s: and with the ongoing support of these instituti and individuals. >> this program was made possible by thcorporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewersike you. thank you. >> woodruff: investigators in ethiopia are blaming the plane-- not the pilots-- for the ethiopian airlines crash that killed 157 people. they said today that a faulty sensor on the boeing 737-max-8 triggered a nose-dive. .he planes have since been grounded worldwi we will explore the findings,

later in the program. president trump has changed course again on his threat to close the u.s. southern border. he initially warned he would act this week, unless meid more to halt a surge of migrants. today, at a cabinet meeting, he said mexico now has one year to stop the flows of migrants and drugs. >> we're doing it to stop people. we're going to give them a one-year warning, and if the drugs don't stop-- or largelye' stop-- going to put tariffs on mexico and products, in particular, cars.st if that doesn' the drugs, we close the border.tu >> woodruff: i, speaker nancy pelosi announced that the ss. house of representati will sue to block the president from shifting funds to pay for a border wall. the house vod today to reauthorize the "violence against women act" over the opposition of the national rifle association. it centered on a provision that bars violent offenders from

owning guns, even if they are not a spouse or domestic partner. most republicans, including congressman ben cline ofin vi, argued that the bill went too far. ti>> domviolence is a problem and we must take action to confront it. it was disappointing that the legs was taken from what was a bipartisan consensus, and turned into a partisan document that went far beyond the underlying legislation that was allowed to expire.oo >>uff: democrats defended the gun provisions as common sense measures. debbie dingell of michigan warned supporters not to be bullied by the n.r.a., as opponents jeered. >> we're not taking away due process.it aloes is say, if someone has been convicted, convicted at an intpartner, that they would not have access to a gun.

and,f someone has been convicted of stalking-- ( yelling ) you know what? you can't shout down a. >> will be in order. >> woodruff: the legistion now goes to the senate. the house gave final approval today to ending u.s. involvement in the five-year war in yemen. it already pasd the senate, but not by enough to override a promised veto by president trump. the u.s. supports a saudi-led coalition in yemen, fighting rebels aligned with ir thousands have been killed, and millions are fing starvation. in new zealand, police announced today that the accused gunman in the christchuch mass shootings will face 50 murder counts. the 28-year-old australian is also being chargedith 39 counts of attempted murder. the attacks last month targeted worshippers at two mosques. australia's parliament has voted to send social media executives to jail, if their platfos stream real-world violence.

lawmakers said it is a response to the attacks in new zealand. the gunman live-streamed hist assa facebook, and it spread online before being taken down. >> today, we are legislating against the weaponization ofso al media.tr we're oducing a tough regime against the misuse and abuse of online platforms. o the approathis government n the online environment is that the rules ams that apply in the physical world should also apply in the online world. >> woodruff: under the new law, soci media and web hosting companies could also face a fine of up to 10% of their global revenues back in this country, texas will now bar all clergy from the state death chamr before executions. that is already the policy in most death-penalty states. the change in texas, announced wednesday, is a response to e u.s. supreme court. xalast week, it blocked a execution because officials barred the condemned man's

buddhist spiritual adviser. ohio congressman tim ryan announced today that he is running for president. the nine-term democrat from the youngstown area touted his appeal to working-class voters. in 2016, ryan tried unsuccessfully to replace nancy pelosi as house democratic leader. colorado senator michael bennet says he has prostate cancer, but he still wants to join the democratic presidential field. bennet announced last night that his prognosis is good, and that he plans to have surgery this month. he says he will laun his esidential bid if he is found to be cancer-free. f poncis has named atlanta archbishop wton gregory to be archbishop of washington, d.c.in he replaces ca donald wuerl, who resigned last year after being accused of shielding pedophile priests. gregory promised today to rebuild trust.

>> i cannot undo the past, but i sincerelbelieve that together we will not merely address the moments where we've fallen short or failed outright, but we will model for all the life and teaching of our lord, jesus christ. >> woodruff: gregory w the first african american to lead the washington archdiocese. he is to be installed on may 17. the church of jesus christ of latter day saints today repealed two rules that targeted gays. the rules banned baptisms for the children of gay parents, and made same-sex marriage grounds for expulsion from the faith,wi ly known as the mormon church. the rules were adopted in 2015. the church said today it still opposes gay marriage and relationships. president trump confirmed today he plans to nominate herman cain for a seat on the fe reserve board.

cain formerly ran "gfather's pizza" and ran for the republican presidentialna noon in 2012. and, on wall street, the dow jones industrial average gained th6 points to close at 26,384. the nasdaq fell e points, and the s&p 500 added six.st l to come on the newshour: concerns over the attorney general's summary of the mueller report. an official report on the crashed hiopian airlines jet. a syrian city tries to move on after the harrowing fight to remove isis. and, much more. >> woodruff: members of special counsel robert mueller's team are reportedly frustrated by the summary of their conclusions prepared by attorney general william barr and released last

week. rosalind helderman co-wrote the story for the "washington post," and our capitol hill correspondent lisa dejardins is here as well. and lisa desjardins who is our capitol hill correspondent. so, roslaind helderman, to you first, tell us what your reporting was -- is from the folks who are part of the mueller team. >> sure. well, our understanding i that there is some, i would say, frustration or maybe distress on the part of some members of the special counsel's team that the the barr summary letter, which came out about a week and a half ago now, did not, in thir view, adequately convey all the nuance and complexity o the 400-page report that they wrote. to be clear, they're not giving interviews and they're not putting out public statements, but they are really, for the first time in the ta yers

since they were appointed, talking with friends and associates in a way that some inse of how they view the current situati emerging into the public sere. >> woodruff: ros, is this a jority of the mueller investigative team or a few or how would you characterize it? >> i don't know that we have a great sense of that and, you know, it's important to note that what we're hearing is from secondhand sources, people who have spoken to members of the team. we have not heard from bob mueller himself. the special counsel's office has a spokesman who rarely commes but sometimes comments on issues and every news organization in the country has gone to him day to ask him for a comment about the reports that have come out last night. they have declined to comment, not to confirm nor deny em. so this is a moment where there was sort of this cuum left by

the attorney general, indicating, last wakend, that heproviding the principal conclusions of the report now and would be working, he said, expeditiously to get the full report out in a public way. but,n this time peiod, while we're all just waiting, this vacuum is behag filled. yo the president out there claiming total exoneration, and now these claims thamaybe there's a little bit more to the story than we know so far. >> woodruff: south fairto say that these are people who believe that the conclusions drawn by the attorney general are softer on the president than they believe is accurate terms of what the report itself found? >> yeah, thas our understanding. we're also reporting that, apparently, the special counsel's team as part of their report actually wrote summariest ir own, summaries to each sort of chapter or section ofth report, and that there's a

view among somofe memberhe team that those were written intentionally to be easy to release. not that nothing would have to be redacted, but that the redactions were obvious and could be made quickly so that their summarize could be released publicly quite quickly, and there's distress on their part that there is this sort of long lag time where all we've got is barr's sort of summary of their summaries as opposed to, you know, the report that they spent a lot of time and a lot og effort wrio that we could hear from them in their own words. now, the atrney general's office has pushed back on that a little bit today, but that's our understanding of the special coesel team's viw. >> woodruff: and, lisa, you're talking to people on the hill. what are democrats saying, how are theacy reng to this? >> if there was distess to the mueller team, this was a spngrk to the suspicion for democrats in the congress, officially in the house. let's look at a letter that chairman to have judiciary committee jerry nadler just sent, actually, in the a last

couple of hours ato theorney general asking for those summaries that we just heard ros ta about that she's reportinger were part of the mueller report specifically written by mr. mueller, and that's what jeer nadler wants. i asked chairman nadler when he thinks he would issue theh subpoena thanow has the authorization to. do he said he thinks it could be coming soon. he did not rule out this week. >> woodruff: but he's pushing to try to get this, knowing -- >> he wants thieport, and i think they're going to issue that subpoena before we get whatever documentation we're going to get from the attorney general because they want to be on the record as saying congress wants all of it before they get whatever the attorney general releases. >> woodruff: two other quick stories i want to ask you about, and ros onesf these i for you. "the washington inst" reported he last day or so about who at the white house received scurpt clearances -- security clearances over the objection of those who normally clear those.

what did you learn about that? >> rht, well, there's been this story in the last few days about this wstleblower, a 18-year employee in the white house who reviews white house officials for security clearances. she reportedly told congress she made a listo of 25 whitese officials or people who came through their office that she or other officials had expressedco erns about their security clearances and they were ultimately given clearances by the boss of the office. she had talked to congress specifically abounesomho was referred to in publicly released documents as senior white house official number one. we are nowe rporting senior white house official number one is indeed jared kushner. he was given his top secret clearance on may 1, the very same day ivanka trump was alsove her security clearance. this whistleblower indicated that the concerns about his background had to do with possible foreign influence,

issues around personal conduct cid personal finances. >> woodruff: fating. quickly, lisa, another effort on the hill to get the president's tax returns. what are you hearing? >> spent a lot of time talking especially to democedts. they ishis request from the house ways and means chairman under law, he has the authority to request any taxpayer's filings. the question is whether they get back with him.e democratect not to hear anything and have to keep sending this letter. d endis an issued that co up in court. >> woodruff: it goes on and on. lisa desjardins, roslaind helderman, thank you very much. >> thank you. >> woodruff: the first report into the ethiopian airlines crash came out today, and it found that a computer software system on the aircraft, suspected of playing a role, did, in fact, contribute to the

downing of flight 302. william brangham looks at those preliminary findings and the questions that still remain. >> brangham: the trouble began on flight 302 within minutes of takeoff. according to ethiopian investigators, a faulty sens called "the angle of attack"-- you can see it here in this boeing stock footage-- gave incorrect data that the plane was pointed dangerously upwards and might stall. that data set off this software system, known as "mcas." the system mistakenly believed the plane was stalling in mid-air, and moved the nose of the plane downward. but the plane had not stalled. lsin fact, ethiopian offic said the pilots tried following boeing protocols to turn theup planrd. but, the plane was pushed downward four times, according to the report. >> the crew performed all the procedures repeatedly, provided by the manufacturer but was not able to control the aircraft. >> brangham: in a stt today, boeing c.e.o. dennis muilberg acknowledged the

software system appeared to play a role in the ethiopian crash, md in the crash of a boei jet last fall inndonesia. the software, he said, was responding to erroneous sensors in both cases. he pledged the company would soon complete a software uate and fix. "we remain confident in the fundamental safety of the 737 max," he said. "when it returns to the skies, it will be among the safest airplanes ever to fly." our own miles o'brien is back tonight to walk through this news. miles, the report indicates thad the software to push the nose of this plane downward four different times. you're a trained pilot. can you help us understand what that must be lie, if you're flying a plane and you know this software is now trying to force your nose into the ground, that tug of war seems almost unimaginable to me. >> yeah. it's kind of horrifying, if you think about it, william.

pilots are trained to deal with what calledunaway trim, meaning the same device that affects the aerodynamic surfaces, which this particular system does, kind of takes o on you, and what you do is you disconnect it. in this case, hnowever, not oly did the system have way more authority than at and continued to kind of struggle with the pilots, but when they disconnected it, asey were instructed to do so, the manual system, this little wheel which sits beside the captain, didn't have enough authority, enough purchase for them to overcome all the aerodynamic forms o that control surface. so they did everything by the book, but it wasn't good enough. >> and as the ethiopian officials today said, these pilots did everything boeing instructed us to do and, still, there was th tragedy. what does this mean for boeing going forward? >> well, they ha a big problem and a fundamental problem with htis aircraft, and it goes ri

to the heart of this system. odynamics with an aer problem with the aircraft, changing the way the engines were placed on the wing, changing the way it flies, using software to cover over that problem, but relyingn only one sensor to feed that. it's sort of a gaba in, garbage out scenario that computer people lk about. should have had mulls caproximately sensors given the fact it was cri on top of that, part of this boeing fix they're working on is to reduce the authority of this systemso it doesn't have this kind of monster effect on the control system and is not in -- operatg in a repeated fashion, getting into this tug of war with the crew. all of these things should help. >> woodruff: we know boeing has made the prises they're going to fix this software and address these problems. this such as on another point i know you have focused on in thea which is how the f.a.a. kay toied this plane was fly with this software system as

it is. how do you see that ing forward? >> well, i think we all imagine that, as a manufacrer of an airliner begins the design procg s of build aircraft, that their inspectors looking over their shoulder along the way and gning off on things. but there isn't enough resources in the f.a.a. to do that, so the f.a.a. over the years, and this has gone on for quite some time, not a recent thing, has given a lot of authority to the manufacturers themselves to now it is, of course, in the interest of the manufacturer to produce a safe ai doesn't fall out of the sky, but whenever you're in a competitive business such as this ydu're rushing to get an aircraft to market, and you're trying t ke a buck doing that, and you're trying to do it in a way that makes it easier for the airlines to do it and they don't have to recertify oretrain their pilots, the temptation to cut corners is there. >> miles o'brien, thank you so

much. >> you're welcome, william. >> woodruff: it has been nearly two wes since the trump administration declared the end of the isis caliphate-- the islamic state that spanned an area in syria and iraq the size of england. its capital was the syrian city of raqqa. the battle toust isis was brutal, and the destruction enormous. there are signs of life in the city, but as special correspondent jane ferguson reports from raqqa, itn many ways, a city of the dead, after isis defeat. >> reporter: no place embodies the devastation of the war against isis more than raqqa, the islamic state's formerta ca the city that isis prized so dearly, devastat bombing campaign to take it from them. a year and a half after thosebo s stopped, the city is in ruin little more than a grey

expanse of smashed concrete. down below, yasser khamis drives an ambulance through the city, but there is no one here left to save. hs teams now collect the dead, and he takes us to a recently discovered mass grave. >> ( translated ): we were surprised by the number of bodies there. people came to us and told us about this grave. this land is agricultural land. it belongs to people, and the owners want it back. so we are removing the bodies.s >> reporter: tiet, tree- lined field became a grave for more than 400, khamis us. it's a last resting place for both isis fighteim and their vi here they lay together, side by side ideath. >> ( translated o the people re beheaded in the city were brought here. bis didn't allow the families to know where thied them, because they said they were spies and agents. >> reporter: aftero long in the ground, it's hard enough to

tell woman from man, man from child, let alone innocent from guilty. in the end, that all fades, alongside the bodies, leaving just small piles of bones. >> ( translated ): even th bodies of the fighters, we bury them with the proper rights. we don't see any difference. our work is humanitarian. it's bigger than saying, "this is a fighter and this is a civilian." >> reporter: back in the city, teams are still pulling more bodies from the ruins of buildings destroyed by the air-strikes. in this building, a family says a loved one is still buried. n wrestle lumps of concrete and steel, to find whatever remains of the people s o were at home here when the bot. their tools, no more advanced than what you might find in a s gardd.od over 4,000s have been discovered so far, they tell us. in june 2017, the campaign to drive isis out of raqqa was

launched. s.-led coalition air-str hammed the city, and america backed syrian fighters on the groundought house-to-house in bloody battles.e by the t was over, four months later, the city was destroyed. it's only by walking thrgh neighborhoods like this that you can truly grasp the cost of the war against isis-- in particularly, raqqa city. this neighborhood was a residential one. these, apartment buildings. in the distance, upper-middle class homes. the reality is that we will likely nevernow how many civilians died in this war; how many bodies around here will never be pulled from the rubble. making life bearable for the survivors is leila mustafa's mission. she is co-chair of the raqqa civil council. the people waiting in her office are in desperate need of just about every public service, from power, to running water, and

housing. under isis, she would never have been allowed this kind of public leadership role. yet, isis remains, hiding amid the rubble, threatening anyone who works with the government. >> ( translated ): there ishe proof that are sleeper cells. and there are suicide operations by isis against civilians. and many assassinations have happened. this is a clear indication that isis is still here, in secret. >> reporter: a few streets over, tucked away in raqqa's oldest book store, men gather to find solace ifriendship. most of their children now live in europe, buthey prefer to stay here. raqqa is their home. ahmed khabour established this bookshop as a teenager in 57. both he and store survived isis, but only just. book burnings happened twice, he says, and the group didn't approve of his selection of poetry and romance.

>> ( translated ): they would take this and cut it in half and thrown it on the fire, directly. in the street in front of the book shop. t they would thrm all on the fire. i told them, "i am going to the mosque, so do what you want." w as i wking on the way to the mosque, i told myself, "all of syria is destroyed, why shld i care about my books let them do what they want." >> reporter: here, we meet dr. mohammed al izou, the director of raqqa's museum. he takes us there, just across the road. trouble found dr. al izou before isis came.ei predecessors, extremist rebel groups, took the city ind 2013, me for the museum's precious antiquities. >> ( translated ): i came in ths morning to them and found it full of fighters. w ey were holding guns. when i entered, i e display cabinets on the ground. there was nothing in them. .everything has been stol i asked them what happened, and they told me to shut up. in that moment, i felt dizzy. i couldn't see. i walked out here, and when i

std.ted to walk my legs buck i had a stroke. it was the shock. i have been director here for over 15 years. taking care of ts museum is like taking care of my own child. i knew all the artifacts. every single piece. i documented them all, piece by piece. >> reporter: a 4,000-year-old carved stone lays discarded outside the building, too heavy to bother stealing. inside, the building is just a shell. holes in the walls where display cabinets were once filled with ancient gold coins, statues and pottery. was this your life's work?sl >> ( tred ): yes. i documented 6,000 pieces here. when i was in a town near here, they were selling the stolen tablets. i had written the number on that tablet. when i saw it, i couldn't believe it.em i asked th"where is this from?" and they said "raqqa." i asked where in raqqa, and they told me to leave. they had a gun. >> reporter: once isis came, they destroyed the little that

remained, smashing the faces c frvings, and turning the museum into a fast food kebab restaurant.t they couldize the mosaics off the wall so they remain, maged but still beautiful. dr. izou insists on tas upstairs, limping slowly, so he can show us all that is left there. the remnants of decades ofch painstaking logical digs, thrown down like garbage. the 4,000-year-old pottery. tis made it a trademark to try to erase any histot came before them. someone just gathered them up and put them in the old ser coof

gus. like the rest of this city, there is now so little left to restore. yet, lifhere endures. every day, falafel is fried, bread is baked, and children play in the park. a spark of hope and color against the dull grey rubblebe this war lefnd. but many of the city's peoplest arl in refugee camps beyond the city. the destruction here is too great to sustain them. the city too damaged to heal just yet. for the pbs newshourm jane ferguson, in raqqa, syria.

>> woodruff: today, the north atlantic treaty organization turns 70 years old, an's foreign ministers met here in washington. they endorsed a package of suppor still the site of europe's only active war. here's nick schifrin. >> schifrin: 70 years ago toda the world's longest-running military alliance was signed into existence, and president truman vowed nato would not a threat to the soviet union. >> there are those who claim that this treaty is an aggressive act on part of the nations that ring the north atlantic. that is absolutely untrue. >> schifrin: but today, as it did 70 years ago, nato is taking steps opposed by what is now, russia. and nowhere is that more obvious th ukraine, now five years into a war between the ukrainiaa militarynd russia-backed separatists. late last year, russian ships rammed ukrainian ships in waters both navies are legally lowed to use.at and today, no announced major steps to supportinkraine, inclg more presence of nato ships, more surveillance of the russian navy, and more trainingt of ukrainiops.

that is addition to $250 million of assistance in the u.s. defense budget, including radar systems, refurbioast guard cutters, and tactical vehicles. ked to talk about this, i'm joined by kurt v former ambassador to nato, and now the special representative for ukraine. welcome to the "newshour". >> thank you very much. why is it in the u.s interest for n.a.t.o. to support ukraine which isn't, of corse, a n.a.t.o. member? >> first thing, n.a.t.o. is a defensive alliance protecting its members, as presidt truman said, and when you see a conflict going on in europe, the country's borders arng vie whraitd, that is something that should be of concern to n.a.t.o. we want to see europe an everyone's sovereignty is respected, where people areei secure inside own countries. russian aggression against ukraine was a threat to thepe security of euas a whole. >> but n.a.t.o. as a whole has not been unied over ukraine. you have front line states in the east, you have wanted to be more aggressive against rusa. states like germany, france,

u.k., perhaps the u.s. who wants be a little more cautious. is n.a.t.o. really doing enough to have an impact on russia's behavior in eastern ukraine? >> two thoughts. first, i thi it's no quite fair to say n.a.t.o. has not been unified on ukraine. this week n.a.t.o. foreign minister approved a black security for n.a.t.o. in the black sea that bolsters ukraine. there has been unified european union and u.s. sanctions on russia because i theirnvasion in ukraine. some countries like the united states have provided lethal defense equipment, some haven't, but there's generally a unied approach, also then to implement my understding agreements and to institute theireg intty. >> a flip side says the u.s. and n.a.t.o. is doing too much and the the question is why should the u.s. risk provoking russia over ukraine, again a nonn.a.t.o. member, and ukraine that, as president obama put it,

russia would always care about more than the u.s. would? >> well, i think what weare about is for people to be able to be free, to have democracies, to be secure in their societies, and so, the russian there is -- the russian bear has tken a chunk out of ukraine, and what we would like to see is ukraine be ablto get its territory back and be able to be safe and secure within its own borders. is is not a thrt to russia, not a poke to russia. it's about ukraine being a sovereign country that has a right to its own security. >> you said yourself ukraine needs to get better in order to resist russian interference, corruption, of course, being the top of the list. >> mm-hmm. you had a recentcandal where members to have the tional security council were siphoning money. now a frontrunner in the presidenal election, is that a person around who ukraine can? coales >> we have an election similar tot what we've seen in france, brexit or even the united

states. it's a candidate who establishe himself as against the establishment versus the incumbent president who is saying that, you know, i'vwo ed hard, made accomplishments, we have more to do. the ukrainian republic has a choice, do they want someone going against establishment or somee who has done more on reform than anyone else in the past 20 years and stood up to putin. >> the inumbent? yes. so they have this choice in front of them.bo what's great this is this is a truly democratic election. we don't know how this will come out. p presidento sto vladimir putin from testing him or changing the status quo. >> we can assume based on russia's bhaimp up till now they will continue to test whoever is the president of ukraine. they've vaded, taken territory, they keep the fighting going. you see all kinds of propaganda,

sputniks, cyber attacks, the i whole toolb on display in ukraine. >> are they manipulating th election? >> they're trying to and kind of, you know, like in a lot of countries, the russians are involved, but at the same time, it's very hard to mess with people's own sense of their own interests, and i'm notsure they had an impact in the first round, i'm not sure they will ha an imact in the second round. kurt volker, former ambassador to n.a.t.o. and special representative for ukrairy, thank you uch. >> thank you for having me. >> woodruff: as part of the n.a.t.o. annersary coverage, ck schifrin talked with the foreign ministers of greec >> schifrin: and as part of our nato anniversary coverage, i talked with the foreign ministers of former adeersaries and north macedonia, for their first-ever joint interview. you can watch that on our website, www.pbsrg/newshour. >> woodruff: now: incentivizing seriously ill children to comply with theiredical treatment. our economics correspondent paul solman looks at a program created by a not-fort foundation, called hope for henry.

and we should note, our executive producer, sara just, sits on the foundation's board. the story is part of our weekly series, "making sense." north macedonia. >> 11-year-oldriella stein loves to dance. >> tap, jazz, hip-hop, ballet. >> reporter: she's been at it since she was two, but lately she's spent more time in hospital wards than on dance floors. >> i have a type of cancer called ewing's sarcoma which is a bone cancer. >> over the past two years, stein has been medically bombarded. >> the type of chemo called cyclophosphamide, and irinotecan which is another type of chemo h o. a big surgery on my leg. i would say that's hard. >> ariella's mom says kids, even when life depends on it, often rrible treatments. >> you're not going to be able to say do this because you have

to. >> howid you sleep this weekend? a ritical question for hospitals and parents alike, how to get a kid t to weather such assaults and that's whre the path to super do you remember better comes in, a behavioral economics program to help kids comply with traumatic treatmentn hich they earn play cash redeemable for prizes. child life specialist kelly.s >> the kidentify challenges they're facing in the hospital, whether swallowing pills, going through radiation treatments, chemotherapy, anything that the child or teenager identifies as difficult. >> where do you want to put your thicker? >> and we come up he amount of hope for henry bucks that they earn. >> the kids aro e askedck their stiffest challenges, stick them on a super hero theme gameboard and decide how many game bucks they deserve for complete them. >> the goal is to help them become active in their care ad giving them that control in what they have se do b they are

so out of control. >> they are doing radiation on my spine now and that goes through my guts and makes my stomach huforts sometimes and ee justtired and nauseous. >> how are you? the pediatrician is testing the impact to have te program. >> the question fundamentally is does that sort of incentive or reward system help children feel better? are their symptoms better? are their emotions different? are their experiences of fort different? >> the hi thoughtcies -- the hypothesis -- >> that it somehow makes it moee tolerar the child and parents. >> he's magical. the program helped ariella and family. >> every time she went through something difficult, getting the bucks and said, that was horrible, but look what you can do, is really helpful. >> super path already n ten hospitals and opening in five

more this year is run by d.c. nonprofit hope for henry, inspired by hnry goldberg whose rare and genetic disease required a bonearrow transplant at age 5 and months in the hospital. >> henry's world went from tech no color to -- tchnocolor tod black anite. we had to figure out how in the rld are we going to keep him optimistic and up beat ando hopeful to d the incredibly hard this he has to do to get better. >> henry's mother came up with an answer in his hospital roo >> i looked in the corner and i was, like, what do you know? there's a magic closet in the corner and, henry, i bet you if you take that big pi or if you let them stick your finger and test your blood that that magic closet will have a treat for y you. >>t lmagic clock et was seup

in each hospital henry visited stocked with his fayvorite . >> yeah! batman actn gures! >> batman action figures of every variety and he would earn him for adhering to his medical plan. in his mind, that made all the difference. >> really? incentivization. it's hard to imagine how much people going through transplants have to endure, but i canl t you, because i was henry's mom and prime nurse, he would take 26 medications a day. >> oncologist ashasd was one of ctors.s >> he made himself a superhere o and superhero can fight stuff. he could fight whatever he was twnfronted with. >> henry fought foo years. he died at age 7. but the program he inspired promises payoffs for i've run in the treatment ecosystem. >> number one is compliance so

that the child or e patient is taking their medicine. number two, that the parents are less stressed out and the staffs is les stressed outav. >> dr. ash who studies behavioral economics e.terventions in healthc >> we all know money is a motivator. color fill is nothe oly green catalyst. money does matter. >> not to be hard hearted here but hasn't money been shown to backfire as incentive? >> turns out in a lot of these experiments the amount of money isportant. it's how you deliver it, whether it's exciting or a kind ofin th it's almost the way to keep score in a game. >> that's henry and girlfriendla >> hen re's mom is now the c.e.o. for hope for henry. >> when i talk to people about the program, inevitably they ask about the corwerelation bet hope for henry bucks and u.s. dollars. doesn't every single kid wanted a brand-new computer or ipad? >> yes, that's what i would have ulthought. i have thought if i were

elaying, wait a second, they're letting me set t price. >> kids don't game the system. eds want to cop and get through their medical treatment and get so far along the path to super do you remembe -- super da theyck home. >> ariella stein puts her hoe for henry bucks towards build a bear gift cards. >> i go to local hospitals give out the bears to kids. >> making other kids happy makes me happy because i know how they feel. >> helping others motivates her to stick with her own treatmentl >> of times i don't want to go to radiation. i tf ink, well, do that, i can give a gift card to mak other kids happy because that's what i usually get gift cads for. >> intest shad thinks the program has long-term benefitsl as wel. >> the long-term benefit for me as a pedt iatric oncologs the child will have less pts i've seen many families who a

divorc separated, moved away from home. i've seen risky behavior in chil i've seen young girls get pregnant early only because to have the stress that they had go through. >> moreover, economic benefits. i think what you spend up front translates to tons of savings down the road. ildren who have all the support around them have fewer stays in the hospital and fewer complications.tt >> researcher avis hopes to have his dayton the program by earlier next year, but en'ca sttestimony about daughter ariella suggestions what he will . >> she is very silly, sassy, n'tfy kid and that has changed at all. >> even though she's back in the hospital, recovering from complications after ne marrow transplant. this is ecodenomics corresp paul solman.

>> woodruff: it habeen more than ten years since a series of coordinated terror attacks rocked mumbai, india. just last month, the f.b.i. added a pakistani man named sajid mir to its most wanted terrorists list, in connection to the attacks, and the alleged tstermind is still free. but the stories se who survived it, live on. amna nawaz sat down with the cast and director of "hotel mumbai," a feature film at takes a vivid and visceral look at the siege that shook the world. it is part of our ongoing arts and culture series, "canvas." >> in mumbai, multiple bombings and gunmen -- >> the 2008 mumbai attacks paralyzed an entire city and half the world racked for three days. the story is now told on the big screen in "hotel mumbai."

across multiple attack sites, over 160 people were killed, including staff at the luxury taj hotel, am mubai landmark where director anthony maras centers hi >> a lot of terror attacks, quite sudden and they're over and we're left dealingith th aftermath. because of the dynamics of the situation in mumbai inthose three days were such that the police response took a number oa . it was up to ordinary people to protect one another and to protect themselves. >> someone's coing! nazanin boniadi place zara, a wealthy indian soc at the hotel with her family. >> she went into the situation cth someone whoe from privilege and a gold spoon i her mouth, then shpoe's supd to kick off her shoes and do whatever it takes to survive not only herself but her fmily. in that sense, i think this film

is not about hol hlywooes the ones we're used to seeing on screen, it's about the eve ryday heros, the ones that we think we can't ourselves. >> upstairs -- dev patel plays arjun, one of the everyd heroes. >> i hope you stay and i'll feed them. >> my character comes from lamists, and to work as a beacon of hope witish success something someone would talk about with pride. it's confronting. it sheds light on the caste system andhe welth where people throw their lives away in service of others is beautiful, but also would that happen in other parts to have the world? i don't know. >> the staff of the taj hotel, these are people, families in many cases, husbands, wives, children outside the hotel, they had their own lives. >> there iso shame in giving.

i have been heere 35ars. this is my home. i'm staying, too. >> i'm staying, too. me, too. some have made it so safety beyond the perimeter where the sepherd guests to safety and turned around and went back inside this hell to protect one another and their guests.u >> i love so much. armie hammer plays david, husband to is a rare, stuck side the hotel. >> this feels like the first person point of view and respective of what it's like toi n the hallways when it went down. >> hammer was compelled to join the cast a decade after watching the actual attacks unfold on the news. >> i remember empathizing for the people who were there who couldn't do anything to save ple whoeople and the peo were experiencing it. >> for months preparing, the

movie was a chance to dig more deeply into the stories trapped in the taj.ig >> the guiding was the research we followed over a 12-month period, into many guests and survivors both at the attacks the taj and many other locations. we had over 3,000 pages of transcripts fr the trial of kasab, who is the sole surviving gunman. >> but it's maris' pnute-by-minute gripping igs of the attack that raised questions about the need for a fictionalized version of the al events and kerns about humanizing the attacker. >> i did feel a hue sense of responsibility in the depiction to have the gunmen. to me it's a question of definition. if by humanizing you mean we're trying to jusfy their actions, if humanizing means we're trying to understand to an extt,ou know, what drove them to this, then, yeah, if it wasn't the ten young men who were there, itr would be anotten or another ten. >> the film's tension res not just in the suspensionful

themes o gunmen hunting down fictions but the interactions between those fightg to stay alive. patel's character wearing ana traditturban is pet with suspicion by a guest hiding in the same part ofhe hotel. >> in this hotel, you are my guest. if it would make u feel comfortable, i will take it off. would you like that? >> yes. there. it was your idea to make sure at the sikh. >> i went to the hotel and saw a sikh doorman and waiters, thatca make it a more potent character. >> it's important to remember

it's not just -- there were hindus, christians and muslims that were attacke the example set by these truly heroic people, never threw a punch, never fired a gun, are heroes, spite the fers, and it's one the world needs to hear now. >> what is it that you hope people will get from the story? >> i hope they get what i got out of it.l what i waked away from the filme ing was gratitude. ve's going to make me cry, but gratitude to be algrateful for the loved ones i have in myi . and to live every day in the moment. our differences don't define us. feally, we have so much more in common at the endhe day than we would like to believe. but i feel likm better for having been in the film. >> "hotel mumbai" is in theaters now. for the "pbs newshour," i'm amna

nawaz in new york. >> woodruff: in tonight's "brief but spectacular," musician andrewird has created field recordings in a diverse range of places. is known for playing th violin and a unique songwriting style. his latest album is "my finest work yet." it's also part of our "canvas" series. (whistling) ♪ >> i like to go intano environment and, witut a pre-conceived idea of space, i play through the harmonic serien and which frequencies are giving me the most information about that spa. it's a key element and it's like

a common thread through all my music over thers yea, is playing to the room. (whistling) >> this project i've worngd over the years called echolocation, i go into extraordinary environments and start improvising and find, say, in a canyon in utah, i'll may c-sharp and say, oh, that's the note, llat's the note that's tg me the most about where i am and ll tell the listener where they are. ♪ i take the field recordings home and build a record around it. i did one in the l.a. river under theyperion bridge, i did one in the headlines in marin anonin an aqueduct in

lisbon. so far, all of them involve water and oftentimes standing in water when i'm plyi. i come in like i'm a blind bat, you know, trying to echo locate the space. it's more of a musical curiosity at first. ♪ you know, i went thrgh period of intense isolation in my late 20 so i moved into a barn in western illinois anedd livhere eor five or six years. that's what i rcommend to younger musicians that are trying to figure out, oh, maybe i should go to where the music industry is. maybe you should, but if you really want to offer something interesting to the universe, maybe try isolating yourself, if you can ndle it. inging) ♪

>> you know, now i like having pele around me when i'm writing. my friend lost hi front teeth and he was whist thing breathing in, which is not sy, soi was im'sessed. yeah, ust a funny filter to have your songs coming asng you're writihem coming through another human being that you've created. (singing) ♪ my name is andrewird and this is my "brief but spectacular" take on playing to the room. woodruff: and that is the "newshour" for tonight. i'm judy woodruff.'l thank you and see you >> woodruff: and that is the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. thank you and we'll see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more.

>> consumer cellular. >> financial services firm raymond james. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> this program way made possiblee corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioningponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.w

hello, everyone. will to being "amanpour & company." >> i he the people of israel continue to allow me to lead them for many years to come. >> day away from a momentous election in israel and maybe finally jared kushner's plan, i speak with the country's u.n. a ambassadnd to palestinian human rights lawyer diana butu. >> don't you all understand hown craze i think is to put this man just one heartbeat from the presidency? >> lesso from history. the former state department adviser jarrod cohen speaks with our walter isaacson about america's accidental president. >> and -- >> would you have changed sex for america? >> i have. >> you have changed sex. it's not the same thing