captioning sponsorho by newsur productions, llc woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight: amid the ashes. we are in paris, in the wakeas of the devting fire that engulfed the notre dame cathedral. then, following moscow's money. a rare conversation with oleg deripaska, the russian billionaire whose name has become closely associated withst the mueller ination. plus, the art of the flower. one of the world's m celebrated landscape architects, piet oudolf, on creating gardens that evoke more than beauty. >> what you put down in gardens isore a beginning. sometimes i say, a promise. for the futu and you have to guide it to that future. >> woodruff: all that and more, on tonight's pbs newshour.

>> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> kevin. >> kevin! >> kevin? >> adve for life. life well-planned. learn more at raymondjames.com. >> ordering takeout. >> finding the west route. >> talking for hours. >> planning for showers. >> youan do the things you like to do with a wireless plan designed for you. with talk, text and data. consumer cellular. learn moret consumercellular.tv >> bnsf railway. >> babbel. a language program that teaches spanish, french, italian, german, and more. >> and with the ongoing support

of these institutions: >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: the cathedral of notre dame lies dark and silent bnight in paris, burned o an inferno. the disaster has left frd ce and the wo shock, but a campaign to restore the medieval monument is already beginning. malcolm brabant spent this day in paris, and has this report. >> reporter: daylight brought clarity, and the first opportunity to see just how profound the devastation had been. inside, sunlight revealed a gaping hole where notre dame's spire once stood. charred debris lay where priests once led prayer. parisians and travelers from around the world came to mourn a world heritage symbol that has

stood for almost a mlennium. ( ♪ cello ) a cellist played a requiem.s >> iue that it's terribly tragic. when we heard about it yesterday, we were devastated. i didn't want to come, but i watched the television and i felt like i was at a friend's deathbed, and it made me awfully sad. >> reporter: the 850-year-old gothicathedral withstood 16th-century riots, the french revolution, and the second world war. its roof beams came from french forests that no longer exist. now, those beams don't, either. but some of its priceless artifacts were rescued by fire fighters and clergy, who formed a human chain tofearry them to . these included the cathedral's most sacred reli the crown of thorns, purported to be the one that jesus wore on the cross. also saved was the 18th century organ, the world's largest, and the iconic stained-glass rose windows. officials call it a miracle. >> ( translated the city

hall, at the moment, you've got the treasure, the most precious parts of the works which are moveable. everything was moved overnight. it's a small miracle in the misfortune. >> reporter: the american ambassador, jamie mccourt, joined parisians on the bridges across the seine. she paid tribute to the heroism of those who saved notre dame's treasures. >> i honestly dot know how they managed to save as much as they saved. when you originally watched it on the news last evening, it looked like it was going to be an impossible task. i think the firemen did a remarkable job. i think they are true heroes. i don't know how they get up and do the same thing every day, saving buildings, people saving these dreams that people have. >> reporter: lucinda laird is dean of the american cathedral in paris. >> it's brought out in all of us how much we care. not just about the building, which is gorgeous anoric. but, about what it stands for. paris, france, europe, the world. adition.

christian faith its finest. christian faith that endures. >> reporter: the dean is grateful thaso many relics survived. >> the relics are f portant. even's not really jesus' crown of thorns, for instance. who knows? what's important is it was a focus of peoples' faith, prayera for hundred of. so it is important that it was saved. so the things themselves are not as important as what they stand for, what thor evoke. >> rr: at present, the precise cause of the inferno is unclear, but it's thought be linked to the renovation. the chief prosecutor says that he is leaning wards the theory that it was accidental. he says its going to be a long and complex inquiry, and some 50 investigators have been assigned to the case. after seeing the ruins, french interior minister christophe castaner talked of reconstruction. >> ( translated ): notre-dame de paris is the cathedral of the

people-- of the people of paris, of the french people, of the o peopthe world. it is part of our history, of what we have in common, of whate hare. ladies and gentlemen, now is the time for reconstruction, forso darity. >> reporter: so far, more than half a billion dollars has been pledged, most of it has come from french billionaires. but offers have been flooding in s the globe, including the united states. president trump offered assistance in his phone convsation with president macron, before he updated france on the latest damage assessment. >> ( translat ): i'm telling you this tonight with rce-- we are a people of builders. we will rebuild the notre dame cathedral, even more beautifully, and i want this to be done within five years. we can do it, and here again we will mobilize. >> reporter: at the american university of paris, art historian anna russakoff says reconstrucraon won't be htforward. >> the notre dame that you saw a few days ago was healy restored in the 19th century.

so actually, the spire that just fell was a 19th century spire. so the question would , do you want to restore notre dame to what it looked like a few days ago in 2019, or would you want to restore it to look like closer to when it was originally constructed? >> reporter: the destruction of such an important cath symbol in the holiest week of the christian calendar has a special significance for pope francis. he said, "notre da is the architectural gem of a collective memory, a place of gathering for great events, a witness of the faith and prayer of catholics in the art of the city." dean laird of the american cathedral also sees religious symbolism in the blaze. >> it's holy week. so it is... ironic, but it is also quite perfect, in a way. is is the week we walk through death, to rerrection.

and so, what i'm beginning to hearand feel myself is, this is just one step. there's going to be resurrection. that cathedral is going to be restored. it will be different, but it will still be notre dame. >> reporter: the wounded, but still beating, heart of france. for the pbs newshour, i'm malcolm brabant in paris. >> woodruff: this evening, hundreds of people gathered near notre dame for a prayer vigil. the crowd carried candles, sang hymns and marched to plaza that faces the cathedral. in the day's other news, the trump administration is set to pile more pressure on cuba. it is widely reported that a new policy will allow lawsuits over u.s. properties seized by cuba after the 1959 revolution. that would mark a shift from two decades of u.s. policy, underpr idents from both parties. national security adviser john i boltexpected to announce

the change tomprrow, in miami. esters in britain calling attention to climate change blocked key intersections andid s across central london today. they brought traffic to a standstill and disrupted blic transportation. police arrested more than 200 people, t the demonstrators vowed to press their campaign. >> greenhouse gas emissions keep going up. we're losing the arctic. we anticipate food crisis, mass migration, internal migration. it's going to be a huge amount of disruption in the rest of our lives and our children's lives and their chdren's lives and, you know, it needs to be taken seriously. >>oodruff: the group, extinction rebellion, had organized the protests.it s demanding that britain reduce greenhouse gas emissions to a net zero by the year 2025. the russian government demanded today that facebook and twitter move all data about russian users onto servers in russia,

within nine months. the step is required by a 2015 russian law that has raised concerns about privacy and political control. moscow warned that twitter and facebook could be blocked inside russia if they fail to comply. dois was election eve in sia, the world's most populous muslim-majorityy. coun incumbent president joko widodo iwas the front-runner goio tomorrow's vote, but islamist forces backed a challenger. e ballot boxes action materials were delivered to polling stations todth nearly 200 million people eligible to vote. >> ( translated ): my fear is that there mht be manipulation of votes in some polling stations. but i think the lice will tighten security, so hopefully the election will run smoothly.: >> woodrndonesians will also be choosing a new paiament tomorrow. back in this country, there is word that president trump's

lawyers are finishing a rebuttal to the special counsel's russia report. attorney general william barr plans to release a redacted version of the report on thursday morning. presidtial attorney rudy giuliani now says that the rebuttal will be published within hours of barr's release, and will be dozens of pages long. the crowded field of democratic candidates raised a combined $75 million in the first quarter of the 202election cycle. the total is down from the same period in the 2008 campaign, when eight democratic hopefuls an $80 million. meanwhile, president trump's re-election campaign raised $30 million in the first quarter.od on wall street, the dow jones industrial average gainedt 67 pto close at 26,452. the nasdaq rose 24 points, and the s&p 500 added one. and, there is one very lucky dog

it was spotted swimming friday, 135 les from shore, in the gulf of thailand. the dog managed to reach an offshore oil rig, where the crew hoisted it with a rope, to safety. they said it may have fallen off a fishing boat. the dog arrived in ahai port on monday, and is now in the care of an animal protecti group. still to come on the newshour: sitting down with oleg deripaska, the russian oligarch thought to be a close ally of vladimir putin. the risks posed by climate change in africa. drones make life-saving medical deliveries to rural hospitals in rwanda. and, much more >> woodruff: during the special counsel's investigation into

whether the trump campaign colluded with russia to win the presidential election, one of the russian names that comes up is oleg deripaska.he s a businessman with close pees to the kremlin. newshoural correspondent ryan chilcote landed a rare interview with him. s he starts withome background. >> reporter: he is a self-made tycoon, one of russia's wealthiest businessmen, who had controlled, for years, one ofrl the s largest aluminum producers, rusal, among several other companies. like other rsian magnates,t u.s. governmys, oleg deripaska is a close ally of t president, vladimir putin. and, over the last two years, deripaska's name has come up in erican news reports as a figure with ties to some of the targets of special counsel robert mueller's now-concluded

russia investigation. deripaska's interactions with the eventual chairman of president trump's 2016 campaign, paul manafort, go ck years. more recently, deripaska and manafort came into a financial dispute. in an e-mail to the "washington post" by an associate that the u.s. belves has ties to russian intelligence, manafort even considered on his ownet r to give deripaska private briefings about the campaign. skst year the u.s. slapped sanctions on dea and hisco mpany. at the time, treasury secretary steven mnuchin said the aim was to hite russian government. while the sanctions against deripaska remain, they have been lifted from some of his largest holdings after deripaska agreed to reduce his stake and control in the firm where are you going now? today i sat down with deripaska , me to largeest maker of

commercial vehicl company still under american sanctions. do you feel that the attorney general's summary of the mueller report has e >> i never felt guilty. i'm not a subject, first of all, as you know, but in my vit was so bizarre to claim that russia played any important role in those elections. >> reporter: we know from the court comes that russia did interfere in the election, no just in the digital landscape, but in real ways like organizi protests. the evidence that they've already laid out in various court filings is pretty convincing, no? >> i don't believe in this to be honest. lyive in russia. i know what russian state isbl caof, what russian

bureaucrats are capable of. i don't believe they're so sophisticated to be part of this. if they're so sophisticated, why we have such a bad case.yo >> reporter: ire such a believer in mueller and the process of justice, why didn't you when the special counselse you written questions, why didn't you answer the quess?ti >> i was advised from my lawyer. he just said, dont bother. they will settle this thing without you. >> reporter: that's an easy way out. why wouldn't you say, i have absolutely nothing to hide, i'm happy to tal to you, here are my answers. i don't understand. >> first of all, have my right to do so. second, when i saw t questions that had nothing to do with me, very preposterous.sa my lawyer just, don't bother. >> reporter: how often do you talk to intelligence leaders in russia?

[laughing] >> acly, never. i never talk to anyone >> brangham:. >> reporter: when you were sanctioned, you know the u.s. arvernment said that you benefited and were of russia's malign activities around the globe. >> it's all a lie. anwait a second. first of all, there are experiences in russia. do you really believe all these people, how you said, in t mueller activity. they just put trade on all russian private business, really believing they're alllt gin something. >> reporter: president trump has repeatedly said he beliprevs ident putin when president putin says russia didn't interfere in the election. do russians appreciate those kind of comments from the u.s.

president? >> i think they don'et car, to be honest. at this moment, russia moret cares abe economic situation in russia. >> reporter: and how have the sanctions affected the russian economy? >> it's a stalemate. the russian economy is not growing. there is,of course, no surplus r in tsian budget because of oil, but it's a russian budget. it's a state. bureaucrats. ordinary people feel a lot of ressure. russia is a part of the global economy. when you the u.s. tried to weaponize their financial mestem, of course russia is a player in this the cost of their opportunity to attract capital, everything has been affected. when you use it like in the case of this factory, what on earth

brought anyone to belie that the 40,000 people who are here and 300,000 o supply them, it will affect russian fo policy. it's a private factory. >> reporter: the argument, as you kn it's a private e ivate factory owned by you, and if you're cl the kremlin, and the kremlin obviously relies on ttaxes that this factory could bring or does bring, od that cd change the kremlin's behavior. >> right. >> >> reporter: it's very straightforward. >> but if it's wrong, and f this factory goes bankrupt,if me and other investors will lose everything without any proof that this happened this way you t describe. fi all, it's just stupid to believe that something like this could change russian government behavior, just stupid.

it's just another confirmation how far you afr reality. >> reporter: how have thech sanctionnged your life? >> compte. more free time. >> reporter: you believe au've lost $7.5 billia result of the sanctions. >> yeah. >> reporter: how do you come up with that number? $7.5 billion, how do you come up with it? >> what it was worth and now what it is worth. look at the opportunity which has been lost, even this side. we have an assembly facity here, and 3,000 people, 3,200 people already lost their jobs. >> reporter: when was the last time you coreesponded or some that you work with representing you coesponded with paul manafort? >> '10 or '11. >> reporter: 2010 or 2011? >> yeah. report on july 7, two weeks

before president trump accepted the republican nomination, manafort sent an e-mail to constantine ca limb nick, where he says, if he needs private brief, we can accommodate. the "he" in that e-mail is yo and the private briefings were to be about president trump's then campaign. >> do you believe in this now? report what wouldn't i belie about this e-mail? i'm confused. >> after all that happ this mueller investigation, it's quite an old story. i never met kilik.mi again, manafort and others for this team, almost ten years work in ukrai. i am trying to sue him, and my lawyers were looking for him almost two years. couldn't find him, you know, r those two projects which he faed to perform and i expect

more than failed to perform. u believe after all of this he will offer me some kind of gesture of something? >> reporter: did you ever get anyoneiefings from associated with paul manafort? >> no. >> reporter: did you ever get the offer of any briefs? >> no. what would be my benfit to see anything which i could go through. >> reporter: did you ever get any polling data? >> no. rrter: paul manafort is sitting in jail now. how do you feel about that? do you feel this s poetic justice for you? >> it's not mygame. i feel maybe sorry. o he'sld guy. >> reporter: oleg deripaska, thank you for your time. >> thank you. >> woodruff: now, a pair of reports from africa.

first,l getting medipplies quickly to where they are needed can affect a life-or-death situation. as special correspondent fred de sam lazaro reports from rwanda, one company is using w technology to speed up deliveries. it part of our series, "breakthrough." >> reporter: on the rts of rwanda's capital, kigali, is a new blood bank, set up to serve distt rural areas where bloo is not always available, and difficult to store. throughout the day, a steady stream of orders comes in by email, text oronhone. delivery vehicle or motorbike, this package would take anywhere from0 minutes to two hours to reach the hospitali requesti this one will take about 15 minutes. a baby step into a future of drone deliveries in health care. >> we're doing somhing that's never been done before in the history of the world. >> reporter: justin hamiltonfo works a california-based start-up called zipline. it has a contract with the government to deliver blood and

medications to rural hospitals. >> hospitals either don't have what they need, or they don't need what they hav which means if you stock too much medicine, you have high levels of waste and spoilage in the system. >> reporter: zipline now serves 21 rural health facilities, and just added a second base in rwanda, allowing it to expand delivery to 450 clinics and hospitals. >> their current range is 80 kilometers. >> reporter: joseph ndagijimana is operations manager of this base. >> people here are like a refighters; they're just waiting for mmand to start loading planes and get them flying. >> reporter: these battery- operated drones are limited, a d of under four pounds. and they cannot land. deliveries must be made by parachute. but the company says its drops are accurate within two parking spaces. the government says this drone delivery system is part of a

coinuing effort to improve health care. in the 25 years since thede genohat killed a tenth of rwanda's population, life expectancy increased from 48 to 64. infant and maternal mortality have dropped more than two- thirds, but they remaige challenge, says health minister diane gashumba. >> postpartum hemorrhage is the first killer, the first cause o der women in maternal health. by reducing thtime, you save lives. >> reporter: so far, there's o been no datahow many lives have been saved since drones began operating in 2016, and offials with the company and government are tight-lipped on how much zipline is being paid. >> saving lives, for us, it's priceless. >> reporter: also priceless may be what the government hopes this project does for rwanda's image. rwanda is a small country, about the ze of maryland. and it's crowded. its youthful population is estimated at around 12 million people.

it has few natural resources, no traditional industries, so it's turneto brain power for the future, trying to become the dochnology hub for the region. and being an earlyer of medical drones is a feather in its cap, says dr. jetiste mazarati, who heads the al service department of rwanda. >> when the zipline company approach the government of rwanda, it was also fitting with what i can call the governsent ambition ttechnology servicing people. >> reporter: another dividend whthat's hard to measure i drones are doing for young imaginations. >> when i grew up, before i was maybe 15 years old, i hadn't heen a plane, an actane, bu, we have kids, they take wires and start try to imitate the size of the shape of drone. >> reporter: many countries, including the u.s., with much heavier air traffic, have restricted drones to smaller- scale trials until they develop

more comprehensive safety regulations. air traffic is light in rwanda, and ziplins controllers are always in touch with the country's one international airport. and, dr. mazarati hopes rwanda can remain the testing ground for future generations of this technology. >> if they could land, that would be more transformative as anything we have ever seen. >> reporter: competition is heating up. other companies are developing drones that can land and pick uk medical es, like tissue samples, to deliver to lab facilities not available in rural areas. medical where aviation was with the wright brothers, but it's a giant leap forward for places like the ruhango hospital, just 50 miles away, but a very long road journey from kigali, says medical director richard usabyineza.ef >>e we started working with zipline, it should take four to five hours to get blood from kigali.

since we started working with zipline, it's now taking u 15 to 20 minutes to get blood. >> reporter: having made the dlivery, the drone is gui back to home base, hooked by a tszipline and prepared for next trip. the government says its goal is to connect all its people to essential medical supplies in 30 minutes. for the pbs newshour, this is fred de sam lazaro at thet world's fidical drone base in muhanga, rwanda. >> woodruff: fred's reportg is a partnership with the under-told stories project ater the univsity of st. thomas in minnesota. >> woodruff: stay with us. coming up on the newshour: david brooks' new ok, on the quest for a moral life. and, a legend of landscape design, on the deep meaning found in gardens.

>> woodruff: staying on thet, african contine examine the impact of climate change in the region between the sahara desert a the equator. rising temperatures have caused ptdrought and hunger, proming migration and contributing to instability. special correspondent mike cerre reports from niger. >> reporter: the clite has always made life challenging dre in africa's sahel region, between the sahaert and the equator. while the industrialized worldtu debates the impact of a warming planet... ...most of africa's sahel countries have already passed through the 1.5 to two-degree celsius temperature increase threshold. many scientists believe it to be a tipping point for traditional life in many places, as people have known it. >> well, this sahel has always been the battleground between men and the desert. so people living in the sahel have always lived in very precarious environments. >> reporter: gernot laganda

leads the world food programme's climate risk reduction team. he knows how immediate climate risks are here. >> the weather patterns that people have been accustomed to over generations are becomingmu more unpredictable.r: >> reporteroughts and flash flooding from untimely and often extreme rainfall is making farming more difficult for these mostly agriculture-dependent countries that depend on agriculture. this sub-sahara regiom somalia and sudan in the east to nigeria and mali in west africa, is home to the majority of the world's mo-severe hunger crises. >> for the w.f.p., climate change is a humanitarian issue. we are regularly called to respond to extreme food emergencies, food crises, that can be triggered bclimate related disasters as much as conflict. >> reporter: there is growing evidence of food insecurity

becoming a major contributor to instability and armed conflis here and in other places around the world. >> climate changes can undermine economic development and low economic development is well associated risk ctor for conflict. >> reporter: josh busby, a research professor at the university of texas, develops ountry risk assessment rankings for u.s.a.i.d. ander international organizations. based on recent climate, economic, political and stability conditions, several sahel countries are in the top ten of the world's least stable countries. o , becausef their fragile governments thaten they're thposed to climate hazards and are subject to oer kinds of at the sameoblem time, they're ill-equipped to be able to handle those problems simultaneously >> reporter: chaing climate conditions are also contributing in the "perfect storm" of

growg terrorist threats in mali, niger and chaderwhere the aman military has forward deployed more troops and trainers than anywhere else in africa. >> the climate and environment challenges on the continent really do start to contribute to security challenges. >> reporter: general thomas waldhauser, head of american military forces in africa,nd other senior military officials believe the growing food secuty and migration problem are being leveraged by local terrorist groups for recruiting displaced and unemployed young men. >> that affords the opportunity for extremist organizations such as the islamic state, boko haram, al-shabaab, many, many others. they feed on this instability. >> reporter: spikes in precipitation, both too much and too little, commonly assiated with changing climate conditions, can be directly correlated with spikes in migration. combine that with the sahel's dependence on agriculture, and its chronic problems with poverty, population growth and lack of any real infrastructure for dealing with these issues--

more people who depend on the nd to live have no other choice than to leave. rmierno diallo, and his family had always been s, until the changing climate forced him to leave. like other young men unable to ilpport themselves or their families, he wasng to risks the treacheroudesert crossing to north africa, adi across the rranean in search of work, now that agriculture was no longer an option. i >> dyithe ocean is not something that i fear. they are not fearful of that. because they have that in their mind that "i'm already dead. why would i fear death anyre?" >> reporter: ely keita, the country director in niger for care international, has seen communities abandoned and armed conflicts erupt between farmers and herders all competing for scarcer food sources and usable land. an estimated 300,000 people throughout out the sahel have been displaced. thierno diallo made it as far north as algeria, bere being

sent back to niger, along with these other young n, now stranded in this international organization for migration refugee camp in central niger, waiting to be repatriated by their respective countries. the u.n.'s international organization for migration is teaching thierno and other migrants more resilient farming practices that would to make it possible for them to return to farming in their home countries. >> to create awareness, to let people know that past practices may not be relevant just because of climate change. people need to adopt new techniques of farming. they need to adapt newof living their life so that they can adapt to the reality of climate change. >> reporter: unable to change the climate or generate enough cd for dealing withwing humanitarianses, the major humanitarian groups like the world food programme and care are working with local farmers to make their fields and crops more drosiht and flood ant. and they are developing new seed stocksor the shorter and more erratic growg seasons.

>> for them to be able to get the seeds and farming inputsne that the. care has organize them, especially the women, into village saving and loan association groups, where they save at a certain time of the year and start lending to each other from that savings for smalloans to buy seeds that they pay back. >> i think one of the most effective solutions to help local communities adapt to climate change is to help organize small holder farmer into groups that have access to finance, that have access to technology, that have access to know-how. >> future climate hazards may be ll outside the experience that they've that they've seenre befo. and so, the kinds of humanitarian emergencies, that are familiar to us, might be even greater than what we've seen in the past. >> it's not something 50 years down the road.

it's here with us. we live the impact of it. >> reporter: for the pbser newshour, mike in africa's sahel region, niger. >> woodruff: we continue our reporting on climate change tomorrow witour series, "warnings from antarctica." it will explore the impact of tourism on the continent at the end of the earth. >> woodruff: as all of us know, pelife is often filled wits and valleys. tonight, david brooks diverges from politics, to share a personal journey marked by loneliness and sparked by the inspiration of others who have overcome life-altering obstacles. that's the subject of his latest bk, and the newest addition to our "bookshelf," "the second mountain: the ques for a moral life". david brooks, you've written another book, "the second mountain: the quest for a moral life." and what you do hereyou say

the life that many of us are leading are self-centered, that this is a moment of transition in our society. what's wrong with what we're doing right now? >> this is a book about moral dunewal, how indi and societies turn themselves around. it starts with the idea that we've slipped into badvalues. we're too individualistic when s uld be communal, we're too cognitive when we should be mor. emotio we steer our kids toward career success rather than moral joy. when you have bad values, you end up in a bad place. that happened to me five or si years ago, which was the start of this book. the core truth is you can' solve your problems on the level of consciousness in which you created them. they went deeper into themselvei and theyovered a level of care and they lead marvelous lives >> woodruff: how did you know this new kind of living, this second it, is the answer? how did that come to you? i went throw a bad period in

2013. my kids were gone away to college or going. my marriage had ended.lo of my friendships were in the conservative movement, but i was not that kind o conservative anymore, so a lot of my friendships went away. so i 3as liviinng alone an apartment, and i had valued time over people. i hd valued productivity over relationships. so i dn't have a lot of weekend friends. othad work day friends that were professional but eekend stretches, and i had vast stretches of roanliness. if you went to my drawers, where there should have been silverware in the kitchen i had post-it nos. where there should have been plates, i had statiery. was using work as therapy for emotional and spiritual problemst i was down i valley. i went through that period. and i discovered you can either be broken or broken open. some people get broken. they turn fearful in their d moments and they lash out. they turn hostile and violent and tribaland they're full of

resentment. but some people get broken open. you realize the depths of yourself, and you realize that only spiritual and emotnal food will fill those debts. so youhave to change your world view. i spent five years looking at people tho had done it anded to learn from them. >> woodruff: one observation that struck me, our society has become a conspiracy against y. ne thing i discovered in the course of this process is it's useful to make distinction between happiness and joy. we spend a lot of me thinking about happiness. happiness is a victory, when something goes well, yo get promotion. happiness is an expansion of self. but joy is when the self-disappears, when you transcend yourself. there's a woman in the book who i interviewed in ohio who the worst thing that happened to her that could happen. she came home one sunday and her husband had killed her kids and herself. now she leads a life of pure rervice, pure git. she has a free pmacy. she teaches at ohio youth. she helps women who sufered

from violence. she said, i did it partly out on anger, id to show whatever that guy tried to do to me, i didn't do it. i would make a difference in the world. there is anger but the joyf self-giving >> woodruff: is this a prescription for everybody? does it work for people who are struggling to get by? >> i think it work for rerybody. i have been wih people and poor people, and everybody needs spiritual growth everybody had a soul. it gives us infinite value and dignity. and what the soul does is it yearns for righteousness. in ourvusiness, we co a lot of bad people. in wars, crime, genocide. i have never met anybody wh'to diant to be good. i never met anybody whose life didn't fall apart if theyou t they were leading a bad and meaningless life. so on that level of soul, we need to feed the yearning to be good, to try to be a good person >> woodruff: how do you relate all of this to what's going on inur country, to our politics? how does it relate to that? >> i think at the bottom trump

is a spirituaiand moral crs. ee treat each other badly. we stereotype rar than see the dignity in each human person. i think it growout of loneliness and disconnection. people who voted for him, their communities lling apart. and they needed something new. ald then we near a trib warfare where we don't communicate with each other well, we don't see deeplyo i each other's souls, we don't befriend one another. and so we get this volley ofha ed. and so to me our problems are, we have political problems, we have economic problems, but we also have spiritual and moral inoblems, and we've become not great about talabout them, because it always seems like you're the problem if' we dont live for relationships and that's the change that has to >> woodruff: are there others out there pushing these ideas? is this part of the greater movement? how do you describe it? >> i wear this little pin on my me to occasionally from time on the news hour.

it's weave, the socialabr project. i meet weavers wherever you go. these are people who are weaving relationships. they weave community. i met a woman named lisa fitzpatrick in new orleans. she was driving. she turned and saw a ten a 11 year old boy looking terrified. they held up a gun and shot her in the face. it was their gang initiation thing. she said,i wasn't the victim and they weren't the victims. we were trapped in this warhat started long before us. she gave herself... she quit hes jo healthcare executive and she works with gang members. she works with community members. now she too has one of these second families where kids just show up at her home. they knock on the door. a bunch of 17 year olds hanging around this 65-year-old woman she says, why are you hanging around with me? they say, because we knoc the door and you opened it. so that longing for communit ese weavers are leading us into a better future. my basic theory of sociachang is that culture changes when a small group of people find a beeser way to live and thet of us copy them.

these weavers have found a better way to live. i wear this t celebrate them and to illuminate them and hope they can lead us to a better future >> woodruff: well, the book is definite worth reading. it's worth talking about, reflecting on, "the second mountain: the quest for a moral life." looking for a better way, david brooks. thank you so much. >> thank you. >> woodruff: as the season changes, we meet a man who's helped revolutionize the way we think about gardens and urn life. jeffrey brown has the story from the netherlands, part our "canvas" series on arts and culture. : this is the original? >> this is the remains of, yeah, the former seasons. so this is winter. you see the color pattern can do a lot for e eye still. >> brown: for piet oudolf, the gaen never dies. it just changes shape, texture and color.

visiting his garden in winter, as we did recently, is as "natural" as can be. >> we create gardensmore landscapes, that are more emotional than many gardens, that are just beautiful. >> brown: emotional. what does that mean to you? >> it does something to you, when you feel more than what you e. it's an extra layer on top of what you see. >> brown: today, oudolf is in demand around the world. perhaps his best-known work? the plantings on new ycity's "high line," the phenomenally successful urban park, where he created a sense of nature that somehow feels completely at home setting above bustling city streets. when oudolf first visited in the early 2000s, iwas a graffitied old railway line. he considers theh auser and wirden in somerset,

england one of his best designs. d his work in lurie park garden in chicago, another urban oasis, is designed to evoke prairie in the middle of the city. it's places like these that have helped change how we think about and experience public spaces. i talked with piet oudolf in hio stverlooking the garden. >> what we do is just, we create artificial, sort of communities, but also enhance the beauty of nature in a smaller o create somethi that you are reminded of nature, but it's not nature at all. >> brown: it's not natural, of course, yeah. >> try to bring that sort of emotion of nature. yo much is happening durin walk, and to say, what do you like of it? you like the changes, you like the seasons and you like also that it has something personal. it has something that embraces you.ro

>>: oudolf was born in haarlem, on the coast. at the age of five, his family moved to the countryside, where mey ran a restaurant and bar. but by h 20s, gardening had pulled him away. this was his first greenhouse. along with his wife anja, he s searched fort of land big enough for a garden and nurseries. >> this is theldest part of e garden. >> brown: they landed re in hummelo, a small rural community not far from the german border. >> what you put down in gardens is more a beginning. fometimes i say, a promise. >> brown: a promisthe future. >> a promise for the future. and you have to guide it to that future. >> brown: it became his lab for experimenting, as the landscape went through change after change, and his style, and what he calls his "palette," developed. he became a leader in what's nnknown as the "new pel" movement-- mixing the use of grasses and perennials to invoke a natural look. >> now, plants that like to be with each other, grow well together. >> brown: yeah, just like.

peop >> it's just like people. you know, if one of the plants in the group was aggressive, that pushes all the other plants out. and that's why you need to know your plants-- otherwise, it goes plong right away. when i start on ting, plan a planting design, i have the idea, i have all the information. i have the tools. i have to make a list of plants that ty can use a palette. i create a palette before i start, so i have maybe 100 plants that they can use for that particular site. >> brown: his sketches look like works of art. this is a private garden he designed for chanel in paris. first in its early stages, then with more detail. oudolf unfurled sheafs of one of hilatest designs, for detroit's belle isle that will be planted this coming septembe >> if you look at this drawing, see the groups of plants, and this is one particular grasser that meathrough all these groups, so it feels more like a adow. >> brown: he showed us how he represents different plant beds

in his drawings, and the key he creates to differentiate among plant va aeties. >> i ways sort of intrigued by detroit, by the stories. i found so much energy and so many people that were just, the one was doing this, the other one was doing that. so you see, i felt that the whole city was vibrating. >> brown: a recent documentary"" five seasons: the gardens of piet ouds olf,"rrently screening at arboretums and gardens around the u.s., and new commissions are keepg him busy. he says there's still much to do. do you think about these things as you age, along with your, with the designs and the gardens? >> i still have the energy. i still love my work as much as i do.me but there's ing different, and that's the limit in time you thill have. you feel that, thae's a limit.

in the garden, you experience birth, life and death. that happens in our life as well. we are born, we live and we die. we c see it in a garden, in, let's say, in four seasons, so you see the wholprocess of your own life in four seasons, and then it starts all over again. i think that is the strength of a garden, and you can see your own sort of personal cycle, 70, 80 times in your lifetim >> brown: for the pbs newshour, i'm jeffrey brown in hummelo, the netherlands. >> woodruff: it is estimated that 5% to 10% of the over rye million homeless individuals across the couave pets. for the first time, surveyors in

ted not only gathering information on homeless humans, but added their faithful companions. from the cronkite school ofsm journat arizona state university, samie gebers report >> reporter: when you're living on the streets... friends can be hard to find. so when you ve one next to you all the time, you cherish them. >> i give the food from my plate to my dog before i eat. t there are night i go hungry to make sure my dogs eat. >> reporter: cecelia goedel is homeless, so looking out for her two dogs is difficult. >> most homelesshelters do not allow pets.s so ially a challenge for people who are trying to seek shelter and their pets aren't welcome. >> reporter: vanessa cornwl and the pet rescue organization she works for, lost our home, helps people by taking in their rtpet while owners try to out living arrangements or a job. they also provide pet food andot

r supplies. and, due to arizona's climate, having a pet with you on the streets can be tgh. >> that's a big challenge, because obviously, if is too hot for people to be outside, it's definitely too hot for your orts. >> rr: cornwall wanted to find out more about what these owners needed, so she participated in the annual point-in-time homeless count in maricopa county. >> we learned that there could ol potential challenges to obtaining housing and supportive services. >> reporter: and for the first time since the count started almost 20 years ago, surveyors asked the homeless population about their pets.e shanith is one of the count's coordinators. >> we heard about increasing number of pets experiencing homelessness with theie humans. so wstarted asking the question. >> reporter: they wanted to find out about the number of pets on the , reetsd if those pets were service animals. the numbers won't be out until the fall, buit's clear that ts have a huge impact on the lives of some homeless people.

>> i've had m since he was aba fuzz. he was that big. he's saved my life a few times. me and him have been homeless. we've been all the way around with each other. we can't do it without each other. >> reporter: homeless for a number of years, dena figueroa says that sammy is her companion, and many times, her reason to find food and shelter every day. >> i wouldn't have been able to elt shelter without yo >> you areme. >> reporter: figueroa and other homeless pet owners depend on people like cheryl king wade king-wade travels arou the city full-time, running a non- profit out of her pet supply vehicle, bringing everything from food to toys. >> thank you. rm an ugly crier. orter: king-wade understands that even for people

who struggle with theiinown needs, ha pet actually gives them the incentive to keep moving forward. >> everyone deserves to have someone to love. >> reporter: for pbs newshour, i'm samie gebers in phoenix. >> woodruf this week, "that moment when," newshour's show on facebook watch, features the martins-- steve rtin and martin short. here's a previ. >> this is a special question for martin. is there a moment when you recognize the genius of steve and, of coursethis question is special because it was submitted by steve. [laughter] >> by the way, i ject to the phrase "genius." ut go't just sit here, b ahead. >> by the way, you're not alone. i think it takes a genius to be open to ople around him

that can make him even better. the whole packe is genius >> i actually remember a moment, we were going to look at ia spi.was so extreme. i thought, wow, you are reallyra unid. and i remember that. we were saying, thisals ly bizarre. i have to respect this guy more. >> woodruff: doesn't look like fun at all. well, you can find all of our episodesfa acebook at that and that is the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us online, and again right here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and we'll see you soon. >> major funding for the pbsn newshour has bovided by: >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, germ, italian, and more. >> consumer cellular. >> financial services firm raymond james. >> bnsf railway. >> the ford foundation. working with visionaries on the frontlines of social change

worldwide. >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security. at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc d captio media access group at wgbh

access.wgbh.org >> you're watching pbs.

hello, everyone,elcome to "amanpour and co." here's what's coming up. why it is time to panic about our planet. a rising movement takes climate demands to the streets. and the gray beard of our natural world. sir, david atten borrow takes o a new show showcasing the urgency. then -- how we got to this point. author nathaniel rich tells me about the politicsnif climate deal in the united states. plus, as her spouse faces the facebook music, dr. priscilla