captioning sponsored by nnewshour productio llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. t newshour tonight: amid the ashes. we are in paris, in the wake of the devastating fire that engulf the notre dame thedral. wien, following moscow's money. a rare conversatio oleg deripaska, the russian billionaire whose name h become closely associated with the plus, the art of the flower. one of theorld's most celebrated landscape architects, piet oudolf, on creating gardens thatvoke more than beauty. >> what you put down in gardens is more a beginning. sometimes i say, a promise. for the future. and you have to guide it to that future. >> woodruff: all that and more, on tonight's pbs newshour.

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of these institutions: t s program was made possible by the corporation for public badcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: the cathedral of notre dame lies dark and silent tonight in paris, burned out by an inferno. the disaster has left france and the world in shock, but a campaign to restore the medieval monument is already beginning. malcolm brabant spent this day in paris, and has this report. >> reporter: daylight brought clarity, and the first opportunity to see just how profound the devastation had been. inside, sunlight revealed a gaping hole where notre dame's spire once stood. charred debris lay where priests once led prayer. parisians and travelers from around the world came to mourn a world heritage symbol that has stood for almost a millennium.

( ♪ cello ) a cellist played a requiem. >> it's true that it's terribly tragic.he when wd about it yesterday, we were devastated. i didn't want to come, but i watched the television and i felt like i was at a friend's m deathbed, and e me awfully sad. >> reporter: the 850-year-old gothic cathedral withstood 16th-century riots, the frenchlu reon, and the second world war. its roof beams came from french forests that no longer exist. now, thoseeams don't, either. but some of its priceless artifacts were rcued by fire fighters and clergy, who formed a human chain to carry them to safety. these included the cathedral's most sacred relic, the crown of thorns, purported to be the one .at jesus wore on the cro also saved was the 18th century organ, the world's largest, and the icon stained-glass rose windows. officials call it a miracle. >> ( translated ): at the city hall, at the moment, you've got the treasure, the most precious

parts of the works which are moveable. everything was moved overnight. it's a small miracle in the misfortune. >> reporter: the american ambassador, jamie mccourt, joined parisians on the bridges across the seine. she paid tribute to the heroism of those who saved notre dame's treasures. >> i honestly don't know how they managed to save as much as they saved. when you originally watched it on the news last evening, it looked like it was going to be an impossible task.th k the firemen did a remarkable job. i think they are true heroes. i don't know how they get up ann do the same every day, saving buildings, peaving dreams that people have. >> reporter: lucinda laird is dean of the american cathedral in paris. >> it's brought out in all of us how much we care. t just about the building, which is gorgeous and historic. but, about what it stands for. paris, fnce, europe, the world. tradition. christian faith at its finest.

eschristian faith that end >> reporter: the dean is grateful that so many relics surved. >> the relics are important. even if it's not really jesus' crown ofhorns, for instance. who knows? what's important is it was a focus of peoples' faith, prayers for hundred of years. so it is important that it was saved. so the things themselves are not as important as what they stand for, what they evoke. >> reporter: at present, the precise cause of the inferno is unclear, but it's thought to be linked to the renovation. the chief prosecutor says that he is leaning towards the theory that it was accidental. he says its going to be a long and complex inquiry, and some 50 investigators have been assigned to the case. after seeing the ruins, french interior minister christophe castaner talked ofco truction. >> ( translated notre-dame de paris is the cathedral of the people-- of the people ff paris,

of tnch people, of the people of the world. it is part of our history, of what we have in common, of what we share. ladies and gentlemen, now is the time for reconstruction, for solidarity. >> reporter: so far, more than half a billion dollars has been pledged, most of it has come from french billionaires. but offers have been flooding in from across the globe, iitluding the un states. president trump offered assistance in his phone conversation with president macron, before he updated franca on the latesge assessment. >> ( translated ): i'm tling you this tonight with force-- we are a people of builders. we will rebuild the notre dame cathedral, even more beautifully, and i want this to be done within five years. we can do it, and here again we will mobile. >> reporter: at the american university of paris, artn historna russakoff says reconstruction won't be straightforward. >> the notre dame that you saw a few days ago was heavily sostored in the 19th century. ctually, the spire that just

fell was a 19th century spire. so the question would be, do you want to restore notre dame to what it looked like a few days ago in 2019, or would you want to restore it to look like closer to when it was originally constructed?ep >>ter: the destruction of such an important catholic symbol in the holiest week of the christian calendar has a special significance for pope francis. he said, "notre dame is the architectural gem of a collectiveemory, a place of gathering for great events, a witness of the faith and prayer of catho cs in the heart of the city."f dean lairde american cathedral also sees religious symbolism in the blaze. >> it's holy week. so it is... ironic, but iters also quitect, in a way. this is the week we walk through death, to resurrection. and so, what i'm beginning to

hear, and feel myselis, this is just one step. there's going to be resurrection. that cathedral is going to be restor. it will be different, but it will still be notre dame. >> reporter: the wounded, but still beatg, heart of france. for the pbs newshour, i'm malcm brabant in paris. >> woodruff: this evening, hundreds of people gathered near notre dame for a prayer vigil. the crowd carried candles, sang hymns and marched to a plaza that faces the cathedral. in the day's other news, the trump administration is set to pile more pressure on cuba. it is widely reported that a new policy will allow lawsuits over u.s. properties seized by cuba after the 1959 revolution. that would mark a shift from two decades of u.s. policy, under presidents from both parties. national security adviser john bolton is expected to announce the change tomorrow, in miami.

protesters in britain calling attention to climate change blked key intersections an bridges across central london today. they broht traffic to a standstill andru dispted public transportatn.es police arrd more than 200 people, but the demonstrators vowed to press their cpaign. >> greenhouse gas emissions keep going up. we're losing the arctic. we anticipate food crisis, mass migration, internal migration. it's going to be a huge amount of disruption in the rest of our lives and our children's lives and their children's lives and, you know, it needs to be taken seriously. >> woodruff: the group, extinction rebellion, had organized the protests. it is demanding that britain reduce greenhouse gas emissions to a net zero by the year 2025. the russian government demanded today that facebook and twitter move all da about russian .sers onto servers in russia, within nine mont

the step is required by a 2015 russian law that has raised concerns about privacy and political control.sc warned that twitter and facebook could be blocked inside russia if they fail to comply. this was election eve in indonesia, the world's most populo muslim-majority country. incumbent president joko widodo was the front-runner going into tomorrow's vote, but islamist forces baed challenger. ballot boxes and election materials were delivered to polling stations today, with nearly 200 million people eligible to vote. >> ( translated ): my fear is that there might be manipulaon of votes in some polling stations. but i think the police will tighten security, so hopefully the election will run smoothly. >> woodruff: indonesians will also be choosing a new parliament tomorrow. back in this country, there is rd that president trump' lawyers are finishing a rebuttal

to the special counsel's russia report. attorney general william barrto planelease a redacted version of the report on thursday morning. presidential attorney rudy giuliani now says that the rebuttal will be published within hours of barr's release, and will be dozens of pages long. the crowded field ofratic candidates raised a combined $75 million in the first quarter of the 2020 election cycle the total is down from the same period in 08 campaign, when eight democratic hopefuls raised more than $80 millionil mean president trump's re-election campaign raised $30e million inirst quarter. l street today, the dow jones industrial average gained 67 points to close a52. the nasdaq rose 24 points, and the s&p 500 d,ded one. here is one very lucky dog

in thailand tonight. it was spotted sg friday, 135 miles from shorein the gulf of thailand. the dog managed to reail an offshoreig, where the crew hoisted it with a rope, to safety. they said it may have fallen off a fishing boat. the dog arrived in a thai port on monday, and is now in the care of an animal protection oup. still to come on the newshour: sitting down with oleg deripaska, the russian oligarch thought to be a close ally of vladimir putin. the risks posed by climate change in africa. drones make life-saving medical deliveries to rural hospitalin rwanda. and, much more. >> woodruff: during the special counsel's investigation into whether the trump campaign

colluded with russia to win thel presidenlection, one of the russian names that comes up is oleg deripaska.ss he is a busin with close ties to the kremlin. newshour special corrent ryan chilcote landed a rare interview with him. nd starts with some backgr. >> reporter: he is a self-made tycoon, one of russia's wealthiest businessmen, who had alntrolled, for years, one of the world's largesinum producers, rusal, among several other companies. like other russian magnates, s. government says, oleg deripaska is a close ally of the esident, vladimir putin. and, over the last two years, deripaska's name has come up in american news reports as a figure with ties to some of the rgets of special counsel robert mueller's now-concluded russia investigation. deripaska's interactions with

the eventual chairman of president trump's 2016 campaign, erul manafort, go back years. more recently, daska and manafort came into a financial dispute.th in an e-mail t"washington post" by an associate that the u.s. believes has ties to russian intelligence, manafort ev considered on his own whether to givea deripa private briefings about the campaign. last year the u.s. slapped sanctis on deripaska and his company. at the time, treasury secetary steven mnuchin said the aim was to hit at the russian government. while the sanctions against deripaska remain, they have been lifted from some of his largest holdingsreafter deripaska to reduce his stake and control in the firm. where are you going now? day i sat down with deripaska home to largeest maker of commerci vehicles, a company still under american sanctions.

ey you feel that the atto general's summary of the mueller report has exonerated you? >> i never felt guilty. i'm not a subject, first of all, as you know, but in my view it was o bizarre to claim that russia played any important role in those elections. >> reporter: we know from the court comes that russia did interfere in the election, not just in the digital landscape, but in real ways like organizing protests. the evidence that they'vead allaid out in various court filings is pretty convincing, no? >> i don't beeve in this to be honest. lyive in russia. i know what russiastate is capable of, what russian bureaucratare capable of. i don't believe they're so

sophisticated to be part of if they're so sophisticated, why we have such a b case. >> reporter: if you're such a believer in mueller and the process of justice, why didn't you when the special counsel r nt you written questions, why didn't you anse questions? >> i was advised from my lawyer. he just said, don't bother. they will settle this thing without you. >> reporter: that's an easy way out. why wouldn't you say, i have absolutely nothing to hide, i'm happy to talk to you, here are my answers. i don't understand. >> first of all, i have my right to do so. send, when i saw the questions that had nothing to do with me, very preposterous. myawyer just said, don't bother. >> reporter: how often do you talk to intelligence leaders in russia?

[laughing] >> actually, never. anyoner talk to >> brangham:. >> reporter: when you were sanctioned, you know the u.s.ve ment said that you benefited and were part of ssia's malign activities around the globe. >> it's all a lie. and wait a second. first of all, there are experiences in russia. do you really believe all these people, w you said, in the mueller activity. they just put trade on all russian privateusiness, really believing they're all guilty in something. >> reporter: president trump has repeatedly said he believes president putin when president putin says russia didn't interfere in the eleio do russians appreciate those kind of comments from the u.s. president? >> i think they don't care, to

be honest. at this moment, russia more cares about the economic situation in russia. >> reporter: and how have the sanctions affected the russian economy? >> it's a stalemate. the russian economy is not growing. etere is, of course, no surplus in the russian bubecause ofut oil,t's a russian budget. it's a state. bureaucrats. ordinary people feel a lot of pressiae. rus a part of the global economy. when you the u.s. tried to weaponize their financial system, of course russia is a player in this game. the cost of their opportunity to attract capital, everything has been affected. when you use it like in the case of this factory, what on earth brought yone to believe that

the 40,000 people who are here and 300,000 who supply them, it will affect russian foreign policy. it's a privryate facto >> reporter: the argument, as you know, is it's a private private factory owned by you, and if you're close to the kremlin, and theremlin obviously relies on the taxes that this factory could bring or does bring, and that could change the kremlin's behavior. >> right. >> >> reporter: it's very straightforward. >> but if it's wrong, and if this factory goes bankrupt, if me and other investors will lo everything without any proof edthat this happhis way you describe. first of all, it's just stupid to believe that something like this could change russian government behavior, just stupid. 's just another confirmation how far you are from reality.

>> reporter: how have the sanctions changed your life? >> completely. mo r free time. orter: you believe you've lost $7.5 billion as a result of the sanctions. >> yeah. >> reporter: how do ycome up with that number? $7.5 billion, how do you come up with it? >> what it was worth and nowrt what it is h. look at the opportunity whi has been lost, even on this side. we have a assembly facility here, and 3,000 people, 3,200lo people alreadyt their jobs. >> reporter: when was the last time you corresponded or someone that you work with representing you corresponded with paul nafort? >> '10 or '11. >> reporter:01010 or1? >> yeah.ly report on 7, two weeks before president trump accepted

the republican nomination, manafort sent an e-mil to constantine ca limb nick, where he says, if he needs private brie we can accommodate. the "he" in that e-mail is you. and the private briefings were to be about president trump's then campaign. >> do you believe in this now? report what wouldn't i believe about this e-mail? i'm confused. >> after a that happened with this mueller investigation, it's quite an old story. again, manafort and others for this team, almost ten years work in ukraine. i am trying to sue him, and mye lawyers wooking for him almost two years. couldn't find him, you know, for thoshetwo projects which failed to perform and i expect more than failed to perform.

you believe after all of this he will offer me some kind of gesture of something? >> reporter: did you ever get any briefings from anyoneci ased with paul manafort? >> no. >> reporter: did you ever get the offer of abrnyfs? >> no. what would be my benefit to see anything which i could go through. >> reporter: did you ever get any polling data? >> no. >> reporter: paul manafort is sitting in jail now. how do you feel about that? do you fel this is poetic justice for you? >> it's not my game. i feel maybe sorry. he's old guy. >> reporter: oleg deripaska, thank you for your time. >> thank you. >> woodruff: now, a pair ofpo s from africa.

first, getting medical supplies quickly to where they are needed can affect a life-or-death situ cion. as specirespondent fred de sam lazaro reports from rwanda, one company is using new technology to speed up deliveries. it's part of our series, "breakthrough." >> reporter: on the outskirts of rwanda's capital, kigali, is a new blood bank, set up to serve distant rural areas ere blood is not always available, andul difficto store. throughout the day, a steady stream of orders comes in by email, text or phone.ve pa a delivery cle or motorbike, this ckage would take anywhere from 90 minutes to two hours to reach the hospital requesting it. this one will take about 15 minutes. a baby step into a future of drone deliveries in health care. >> we're doing something that's never been done before in the history of the world. >> reporter: justin hamilton works for a californased start-up called zipline. it has a contract with the government to deliver blood and medications to rural hospitals.

>> hospitals either don't havewh they need, or they don't need what they have, which means if you stock too much medicine, you have high levels of waste and spoilage in the system. vesreporter: zipline now s 21 rural health facilities, and just added a second base in rwanda, allowing it to expand delivery to 450 clinics andho itals. c >> therent range is 80 kilometers. >> reporter: joseph ndagijimana is operations manager of this base. >> people here are like firefighters; they're just waiting for a command to start loading planes and get them flying. >>eporter: these battery- operated drones are limited, a payload of under foueypounds. and annot land. deliveries must be made by parachute. but the company says its drops are accurate within two parking spaces. the government says this drone delivery sysm is part of a continuing effort to improve health care.

in the 25 years since the genocide that killed a tenth of rwanda's population, life expectancy increased from 48 to 64. infant and maternal mortality have dropped more than two- thirds, but ey remain a huge challenge, says health minister diane gashumba. >> postpartum hemorrhage is the atrst killer, the first cause of death for women innal health. by reducing the time, you save lives. >> reporter: so far, there's been no data on how many lives have been saved since drones began operating in 2016, and officials with the company and government are tight-lipped on how much zipline is being paid. >> saving lives, for us, it's priceless. >> reporter: also priceless may be what the vernment hopes is project does for rwanda's image. rwanda is a small country, about the size of maryla. and it's crowded. its youthful population is estimated at around 12 million people. it has few natural resources,

no traditional industries, so it's turned to brain pow for the future, trying to become the technology hub for the region. and being an early adopter of medical drones is a feather in its cap, says dr. jean-baptistei mazawho heads the biomedical service department of rwanda. >> when the zipline company approached the government of rwanda, it was also fitting th what i can call the government ambition to see technology servicing people. >> reporter: another dividend that's hard to measure is what drones are doing for young iminations. >> when i grew up, before i was maybe 15 years old, i hadn't seen a planean actual plane, but here, we have kids, they take wires and start try to imitate the size of the shape of drone. reporter: many countries, including the u.s., with much heavier air traffic, have restricted dros to smaller- scale trials until they develop more comprehensive safety

regulations. air traffic is light in rwanda, and zipline's controllers e always in touch with the country's one international airport. and, dr. mazarati hopes rwanda can rema for future generations of this technology.th >> i could land, that would be more transformative asa anything w ever seen. >> reporter: competition is heating ups other companare developing drones that can land and pick up sumedical packages, like t samples, to deliver to lab facilities not available in rul areas. medical drone technology may be where aviation was with the b wrigthers, but it's a giant leap forward for places l,like the ruhango hospitaust 50 miles away, but a very long road journey from kigali, says medical director richard edabyineza. >> before we staorking with zipline, it should takeo four tve hours to get blood from kigali. since we started working with

zipline, it's now taking us 15 to 20 minutes to get blood. >> reporter: having made the delivery, the one is guided back to home base, hooked by a zipline and epared for its next trip.e vernment says its goal is to connect all its people to essential medical supplies in 30 minutes. for the pbs newshour, this is fred de sam lazaro at the world's first medical drone base in muhanga, rwanda. >> woodruff: fred's reporting is a partnership with the under-told stories project at omthe university of st. th in minnesota. >> woodruff: stay with us. coming up on the newshour: david brooks' new book, on the quest for a moral life. and, a legend of landscape design, on the deep meaning found in gardens.

>> woodruff: staying on the african continent, we examine the impact of climate change in the region between the sahara desert and the equator. rising temperatures have caused migration and contributing to instability. special correspondent mike cerre reports from niger. >> reporter: the climate has always made life challenging here in africa's sahel region, between the sahara desert and the eqtor. while the industriized world debates the future impact of a warming planet... ...most of africa's sahel countries have already passed through e 1.5 to two-degree celsius temperature increase threshold. many scientists believe it to be a tipping point folitraditional in many places, as people have known it. >> well, this sahel has always been the battleground betweend men e desert. so people living in the sahel have always lived in very precarious environ >> reporter: gernot laganda leads the world food programme's climate risk reduction team.

he knows how immediate climatesk are here. >> the weather patterns thatav peoplebeen accustomed to over generations are becominged much more unprtable. >> reporter: droughts ash flooding from untimely and often extreme rainfall is making farming more difficult for these mostly agriculture-dependent countries thag depend on riculture. this sub-sahara region, from somalia and sudan in the east t nigeria li in west africa, is home to the majority of the world's most-severe hunger crises. >> for the w.f.p., climate sschange is a humanitarian. we are regularly called to respond to extreme food emergencies, food crises, that can be triggered by climate related disasters asuch as conflict. >> reporter: there is growing evidence of food insecurity becoming a major contributor to

instability and armed conflicts here and in other places around the world. >> climate changes can undermine economic development and low economic development is well associated risk factor for conflict. >> reporter: josh busby, a research professor at the university of texas, develops country risk assessment rankings for u.s.a.i.d. and other international organizations. based on recent climate, economic, political and stability conditions, several sahel countries are in the top ten of the world's leaie stable coun >> because of their fragile nts that, when they're exposed to climate hazards and are subject to other kinds of security problems at the sameme , they're ill-equipped to be able to handle those problems siltaneously. >> reporter: changing climate conditions are ao contributing rehe "perfect storm" of growing terrorist ats in y li, niger and chad, where the

american militars forward deployed more troops and trainers than anywhere else in africa. >> the climate and environment challenges on the continent really do start to contribute ta securityenges. >> reporter: general thomas wahauser, head of american military forces in africa, and other seniorilitary officials believe the growing food security and migration problems are being leveraged by local terrorist groups for recruiting displaced and unemployed young men. >> that affords the opportunity for extremist organizations such as the islamic state, boko haram, al-shabaab, many, many others. they feed on this instability. kes inorter: s precipitation, both too much and too little, commonly associated with changing climate conditio, can be directly correlated with spikes in migration. combine that with the sahel'sag dependence oculture, and its chronic problems with poverty, population growth and lack of any real infrastructure for dealing with these issues-- more people who depend on the

land to live have no other choice than to leave. thierno diallo, and his family had ways been farmers, until the changing climate forced him to leave. like other young m support themselves or their families, he was willing to risk thgtreacherous desert cross ea north africa, and across the mediterranean in srch of work, now that agriculture was no longer an option. >> dying in the ocean something that i fear. they are not fearful of that. eacause they have that in their mind that "i'm alr dead. why would i fear death anymore?" >> reporter: ely keita, the try director in niger fo care international, has seen communities abandoned and armed conflicts erupt between farmers and herders all competing for scarcer food sources and usable land. an estimated 300,0 people throughout out the sahel have been displaced. thierno diallo made it as far north as algeria, before being

sent back to niger, along with these other young men, now stranded this international organization for migration refugee camp in central niger, waiting to be repatriated byei respective countries. the u.n.'s internationalni orgazation for migration is teaching thierno and other migrants more resilient farming practices that would t it possible for them to return to farming in their home countries. >> to create awareness, to let people know that past practices may not relevant today just because of climate change. people need to adopt new techniques of farming. they need adapt new ways of living their life so that they can adapt to the reality of climate change.ep >>orter: unable to change the climate or generate enough aid for deing with growing humanitarian crises, the major humanitarian groups like the wod food programme and car are working with local farmers to make their fields and crops more drought and flood resistant. a and th developing new seed stocks for the shorter and more erratic growing seasons. o >> for them to be able tt

the seeds and farming inputs that they need. care has organize them, especially the women, into village saving and loan association groups, where they save at a certain time of the year and start lending to each other from that savings for small loans to buyeeds that they pay back. >> i think one of the most effective solutis to help local communities adapt to climate change is to help organize small holder farmers into groups that have access to finance, that have access to technology, that have access to know-how. t future climate hazards may be well outsi experience that they've that they've seen before.an so, the kinds of humanitarian emergencies, f that ailiar to us, might be even greater than what we've seen in the past. >> it's not somethinears down the road. it's here with us. we live the impact of it.

>> reporter: for the p newshour, mike cerre in africa's sahel region, niger. >> woodruff: we continue ourma reporting on c change tomorrow with our series, "warnings from antarctica." it will explore the impact of tourism on the continent at the end of the earth. >> woodruff: as all of us know, life is often filled with peaks and valleys. tonight, david brooks diverges from politics, to share a personal journey marked by loneliness and sparked by the inspiration of others who have overcome life-altering obstacles. that's the subject of his latest book, and the newt addition to our "bookshelf," "the second mountain: the quest for a moral life". david brooks, you've written another bo, "the second mountain: the quest for a moral life." and what you do here is you say

the life that many of us are leading are self-centered, that this is a moment of transition in our soc. what's wrong with what we're doing right now? >> this is a book about moral renewal, how individual and societies turn themselves around. it srts with the idea that we've slipped into bad values. we're too individualistic when we should be communal, we're tco itive when we should be more emotional. we steer our kids toward career success raer than moral joy. when you have bad values, you end up in a bad place. that happened to me five or siox years which was the start of this book. the core truth is you can't solve your problems on the level of consciousness in which you created them. they went deepmser into theves and they discovered a level of carend they lead marvelous lives >> woodruff: how did you know this new kind of living, this second it, is the answer? how did that come to you?ro >> i went w a bad period in 2013. my kids were gone away to

colle or goi. my marriage had ended. a lot of my friendships were in the conservative movement, but i was not that kind of conservative anymore, so a lot of my friendships went away. so i 3as living ale in an apartment, and i had valued timv people. i hd valued productivity over relationships. so i didn't have a lot of weekend friends. i had work day friends that were profesonal but not wkend stretches, and i had vast stretches of roanliness. if you went to m,y drawerswhere there should have been silverware in the kitcn i had post-it notes. where there should have been plates, i had stationery. i was using work as therapy for emotional and spiritual problems. was down in the valley. i went through that period. and i discovered you can either be broken or broken open. some people get broken. they turn fearful in their bad moments and they lash out. they turn hostile an violent and tribal and they're full of resentment. but some people get broken open.

zeu realihe depths of yourself, and you realize that only spiritual and emotional food will fill those debts. so you have to change your world view. i spent five years looking at people who had done it and tried to learn from them. >>eoodruff: one obsrvation that struck me, our society has become a conspiracy against joy. >> one thing i discovered in the course of this process is it's useful to make a distinction between happiness and joy. we spend a lot of timouthinking happiness. happiness is a victory, when something goes well, you get a promotion. happiness is an expansion of self. but joy is when the self-disappears, when you anscend yourself. there's a woman in the book who i interviewed in ohio who thwo t thing that happened to her that could happen. she came home one sunday and her husband had killed her kids and herself. now she leads a life of pure service, pure git. she has free pharmacy. she teaches at ohio youth. she helps women who suffered from violence. she sd, i did it partly out of

anger, i wanted to show whatever that guy tried to do to me, i didn't do it. i would make a difference in the world. there is anger but the joy of self-giving >> woodruff: is this a prescription for everybody? does it work fopeople who are struggling to get by? >> i think it work for everybody. i havebeen with rich people and poor people, and everybody needs spiritl growth. everybody had a soul. it gives us infinite value and dignity. and what the soul does is it arns for righteousness. in our business, we cover a lot s, bad people. in wa crime, genocide. o have never met anybody who didn't want to be d. i never met anybody whose life ledn't fall apart if they thought they wering a bad and meaningless life. so on that level of soul, we all need feed the yearning to be good, to try to be a good person >> woodruff: how do you relate all of this to going on in our country, to our politics? how does it relate to that? >> i think at the bottom trump

is a spiritual and mal crisis. we treat each other badly. we stertype rather than see the dignity in each human person. i think it grows out of loneliness and disconnection. people who voted for him, their communities are falling apart. and they needed something new. and then we near a tribal warfare where we don't communicate wi each othe well, we don't see deeply into each other's souls, we don't befriend one another. and so we get this volley of hatred. and so to me our problems are, we have political problems, we have economic problems, but wesp also haveitual and moral problems, and we've become not great thout talking about, because it always seems like you're the problem if we don't lationships an that's the change that has to happen. >> woodruff: are there others out there pushing these ideas? is this part of the greater movement? how do you describe it? i wear this little pin on my lapel occasionally from time o tithe news hour. it's weave, the social fabric project.

i meet weavers wherever you go. these are people who are weavg relationships. they weave community. i met a woman named lisa fitzpatrick in new orleans. she was driving. she turned and saw a ten and 11 year old boy looking terrified. they held up tgun and s her in the face. it was their gang initiation thing. she said, i wa't the victim and they weren't the victims. we were trapped in this war that started long before us. she gave herself... she quit her job as a healthcare executive and she works with gang members. she works with community members. now she too has one of thesend seamilies where kids just show up at her home.e they knock on door. a bunch of 17 year olds hanging around this d -year-man she says, why are you hanging around with me? they say, because we knocked onn the dooryou opened it. so that longing for community.ar these weaver leading us into a better future. my basic theory of social cha is that culture changes when a small group of people find a better way to live and the rest of us copy them. these weavers have foa better way to live. i wear this to celebrate them

and to illuminate them and hope they can lead us to a better future >> woodruff: well, the book is definitely worth reading it's worth talking about, reflecting on, "the second mountain: the quest for a moral life." looking for a better way, davi brooks. thank you so much. >> thank you. >> woodruff: as the season changes, we meet a man who's helped revolutionize the way we think about gardens and urban life. jeffrey brown has the story from lands, part of our "canvas" series on arts and culture. >> brown: this is thoriginal? >> this is the remains of, yeah, the former seasons. so this is winter. you see the color pattern can do a lot for the eye still. >> brown: for piet oudolf, the garden never dies. it just changes shape, texture and color. visiting his garden in winter,

as we did recently, is as "natural" as can be. >> we create gardens, but more landscapes, that are moreem ional than many gardens, that are just beautiful. >> brown: emotional. what does that mean to you? >> it does something to you, when you feel more than what you see. it's an extra layer on top of what you see.to >> browny, oudolf is in demand around the world. perhaps his best-known work? the planting on new york city's "high line," the phenomenally successful urban park, where he created a sense of nature thco somehow feelletely at home in its setting aboveustling city streets. when oudolf first visited in the early 2000s, it was a graffiti old railway line. rs considers the hauser and wirth garden in so, england one of his best designs.

and his work in lurie park gard in chicago, another urb oasis, is designed to evoke a prairie in the middle of the city. it's places like thesehat have helped change how we think about and experience public spaces. i talked with piet oudolf in his studio overlooking thearden. >> what we do is just, we create artificial, sort of communities, but also enhance the beauty of nature in a smaller area to create something that you arnd re of nature, but it's not nature at all. >> brown: it's not natural, of course, yeah. >> try to bring that sort of emotion of nature. so much is happening during your walk, and to say, what do you like of it? you like the changes, you like the seasons and you like also that it has something personal. it has something that embraces you. >> brown: oudolf was born in

arlem, on the coast. at the age of five, his family moved to the countryside, where they r a restaurant and bar. but by his mid 20s, gardening had pulled him awair this was his greenhouse. along with his wifanja, he searched for a spot of land big enough for a garden and nurseries. >> this is the oldest part of the garden. >> brown: they landed here in hummelo, a small rural community no.far from the german bord >> what you put down in gardens is more a beginning. sometimes i say, a promise. >> brown: a promise for the future.se >> a proor the future. and you have to guide it to that future. >> brown: it became his lab for experimenting, as the landscape went through change after change, and his style, and what he calls his "palette," developed. he became a leader in wh's known as the "new perennial" movement-- mixing the use ofgr ses and perennials to invoke a natural look. >> now, plants that like to be with each other, grow well together. >> brown: yeah, just like people.

>> it's just like people. you know, if one of the plants in the group was aggressive, that pushes all the other plants out. and that's why you need to know your plants-- otherwise, it goes wrong right away. when i start on a planting, plan a planting design, i have the ea, i have all the information. i have the tools. a i have to maist of plants that they can use a palette. i create a palette before i start, so i hats maybe 100 plhat they can use for that particular site. >> brown works of art.look like this is a private garden he desied for chanel in paris. first in its early stages, then leth more detail. oudolf unfursheafs of one of his latest designs, for detroit's lle isle that will be planted this coming september. >> if you look at this drawing, see the groups of plants, d this is one particular grass that meanders through all these groups, so it feels more like a meadow. >> brown: he showed us how he reprents different plant bed in his drawings, and the key he

creates to differentiate among plant varieties. >> i was always sort of intrigued by detroit, by the stories. i found so much energy and so many people that were just, the one was doing this, the other one was doing that. so you see, i felt that the whole city was vibrating. >> brown: a recent documentary"" five seasons: the garden piet oudolf," is currently screening at arboretums and gardens around the u.s., and new commissions are keeping him busy. he says there's still much to do. do you think about these things as you age, along with your, with the designs and the gardens? >> i still have the energy. i still love my work as much as i do. but there's something differenth an's the limit in time you still have. you feel that, that there's a limit. in the garden, you experience

birth, life d death. that happens in our life as well. we are born, we live and we die. we can see it in aarden, in, let's say, in four seasons, so you see the whole process of your own life in four seasons, and then it starts all over again.i think that is the strength of a garden, and you can see your own sort of personal cycle, 70, 80 times in ur lifetime. >> brown: for the pbs newshour, i'm jeffrey brown in hummelo, the netherlands. >> woodruff: it is estimated that 5% to 10% of the over one million homeless individuals across the country have pets. for the first time, surveyors in arizona started not onlyer

gag information on homeless humans, but added theim faithfulnions. from the cronkite school of journalism at arizone university, samie gebers reports. w >> reportehen you're living on the streets... friends cabe hard to find. so when you have one next to you all the time, you cherish them. >> i give the food from mybelate to my dore i eat. there are nights that i go hungry to make sure my dogs eat. >> reporter: cecelia gdel is homeless, so looking out for her two dogs is difficult. >> most homeless shelters do not allow pets. so it's really a cha for people who are trying to seek shelter and their petsren't welcome. >> reporter: vanessa cornwall and the pet rescue organization she works for, lost our home, helps people by taking in their pet while owne try to sort out living arrangements or a job. they also provide pet food and other supplies

and, due to arizona's climate, having a pet with you on the streets can be tough. >> that's a big challenge, because obviously, if it's too hot for people to be outside, it's definitely too hot for your pets. >> reporter: cornwall wanted to find out more about what these owners needed, so she participated in the annual point-in-time homeless count in maricopa county. >> we learned that there could be potential cllenges to folks taining housing and supportive services. a ce reporter:nd for the first time sin the count started almost 20 years agke surveyors asthe homeless population about their pets. shantae smith is one of the count's coordinators. >> we heard about increasing number of pets experiencg homelessness with their humans. so we started asking the question. >> reporter: they wanted to find out about the number of pets on the streets, and if those pets were service amals. the numbers wot be out until the fall, but it's clear that pets have a huge impact on the lives of some homeless people.

>> i've had him since he was a fuzzball. he was that big. he's saved my life a few times. me and him have beeness. we've been all the way around with each other. we can't do it without each other. >> reporter: homeless for a number of years, dena figueroa says that sammy is her companion, and many times, her reason to find food and shelter every day. >> i wouldn't have been able to get shelter without you. >> you are welcome. wn reporter: figueroa and other homeless pet oers depend on people like cheryl king wade. king-wade travcis around the ty full-time, running a non- profit out of her pet supply vehicle, bnging everything om food to toys. >> thank you. i'm an ugly crier. >> reporter: king-wade understands that even for people who struggle with their own

needs, having a pet ac gives them the incentive to keep moving forward. ve>> everyone deserves to someone to love. >> repter: for pbs newshour, i'm samie gebers in phoenix. >> woodruff: this week, "that moment when," newshour's show oe facebook watchures the martins-- steve martin and martin short. here's a preview. >> this is a special question for martin. is there a moment when you reevgnize the genius of ste and, of course, this question is special because it was submitted by steve. [laughter] >> by the way, i obje to the phrase "genius." i can't just sit here, but d.go ah >> by the way, you're not alone. i think it takes a genius to be hopen to the people arouim that can make him even better.

the whole package is a genius >> i actually remember a men we were going to look at a special i.was so extreme. i thought, wo you ar really unafraid. and i remember that. we were saying, this is really bizarre. i have to respect this gumore. >> woodruff: doesn't look like , n at all. weu can find all of our episodes at facebookt that and that is the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us online, and again right fore tomorrow evening. all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and we'll see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> babbel. a language app that teaches al-life conversations in a new language, li spanish, french, german, italian, and more. >> consumer cellular. >> financial services firm raymond james. >> bnsf railway. >> the ford foundation. working with visionaries on the frontlines of social cnge

worldwide. >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security. at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh

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