captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight: the u.s. congress issues a subpoena for the full mueller reportte the release of the redacted version leads toy practicallopposite opinions on whether it exonerates the president. then, after pushing out long- running leaders in algeria and sudan, crowds inproth countries est those who take their place. >> we are still protesting to dske sure that all our dem are being achieved and that the military counciluss not cheating >> woodruff: and it's friday. mark shields a david brooks have a second-day look at the mueller report and its impact. all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour.

>> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. ar >> consumer cell >> bnsf railway. >> financial services firm raymond james. >> and with thongoing support these institutions: this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your s station from viewers like you. thank you.

>> woodruff: president trump is back on the attack about the special counsel's russia report. today, he blasted his own former advise who told investigators that he tried repeatedly to hinder the probe. in tweets, he charged many of the stements were "fabricated and totally untrue." he also called them "tal b.s.... only given to make the other peon look good." this was a shift from a day earlier, when mr. trump claimed that he had been vindicated. the redacted report found no trump campaign conspiracy with russia. it stopped short of charging that the president obstructed justice. meanwhile, house judiciary chair jerry nadler issued a subpeona today for the full, un-redacted report, by may first. but late todya, the justice department responded that the move is premature and unnecessary, because it says it

has already made arrangements for nadler and others to see the report with "even fewer redactions." severe weather pounded the uthern u.s. again today, with heavy downpours, powerful windsh anats of tornadoes. the front is blamed for four deaths, in old girl in florida. the storm system had already brought flash flooding andoe tornelsewhere. little rock, arkansas got a record five inches of rain yesterday. secretary of state mike pompeo has dismissed north korea's demand that he be replaced as nthe lead u.s. negotiator stalled nuclear talks. the north said yesterday it wants to deal with someone who is "more careful and mature". but today-- ase and acting defense secretary patrick shanahan met with japanese officials-- pompeo said "nothing's changed." >> we're continuing to work. i'm still in charge of the team. president trump is obviously in

charge of the overall effort. it will be my team and special representative biegun who will continue to lead u.s. efforts to achieve what chairman kim committed to do, back in june of last year, which was to denuclearize. >> woodruff: the u.s. and japan vowed today to continue enforcing tough sanctions on north korea until it dismantles its nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles. in 2020 presidential campaign: former vice president joe biden is expected to announce he'll democratic nomination. it was widely reported today that his announcement will comee ly as wednesday, after months of speculation. is 76 years old and woul join a democratic field that already has 18 high-profile candidates. ha ukraine: president petro poroshenko and hisenger held a raucous debate in a soccer stadium-- ahead of sunday's runoff election. polls show comedian vladimir e.lenskiy leading in the r he accused poroshenko of

enriching himself in office. poroshenko warned zelenskiy would be too weak to confront russia, which backs rebels in eastern ukraine. earlier, thoands of poroshenko backers rallied in kiev. they wore flags on their backs anasmiles on their faces, i bid to project optimism. fire officials in paris say crews have now stabilized the damaged sections of noe dame cathedral after this week's disastrous fire. that word came today as workers began to remove debris and artwork and prep the cathedral for reconstruction. the french culture minister said all of the major artworks survived the fire.an >> ( slated ): the very good news is that these artworks were not damaged. we will have to clean them up, dust them up, they're already starting to dry. they are in almost-normal condition which is of course excellent news for the integrity of all the artworks.

>> woodruff: meanwhile, notre dame's resident beekeeper said some 180,000 bees-- lin the cathedral's roof-- have been found alive.hi their thres escaped the fames. this was good fror christians around the world. in jerusalem, thousands of pilgrims took part in a procession through the old city. they retraced what they believe was jesus christ's path to his crucifixion. and in the philippines, four people had themselves nailed to wooden crosses-- including one man who has done ian33 times. thal re-enactment draws hundreds of tourists. an international press freedom group reports the u.s. has become a more dangerous place for journalists. reporters without borders toy dropped the u.s. from a "satisfactory" classification to "problematic". it cited increased attacks and threats against journalists. the group also blamed presiden trump's attacks on the news

media as an "enemy of the people". and, fiat-chrysler is recalling nearly 300,000 cars in the u.s. that can roll away, without warning. the company has received several thousand reports of the problem- - involving a transmission defect-- but there have been no injuries. the recall includes dodge dart compact cars from the 2013 through 2016 model years. r:ill to come on the newsh we debate what we learned from the special counsel'sat investign, interimad leship in algeria and sudan draws protests following the removal of two long-term rulers, how teams of surgeons save lives by treating acute heart conditions in rwanda, plus, mark shieldand david brooks break down the political impact of the mueller repo.

>> woodruff: we return to ou coverage of the mueller report, and in particular to the central portance of russia to th entire story. special correspondent ryan chilcote was in russia all week for us, and knows many of the russians named in the special counsel's 400-plus page report. ryan also has covered russia for decades, and joins us tonight from his home in london. so, ryan, hello again it's now been over a day. is there an official reaction from the russian government to this report? >> yes, there is, judy. in fact, i just got off the phone with dimitri pizkov, the russian president's spokesman. he's also got an lot ofhe attention inueller report, was in 18 sections going back to 2015 i trelation tohe trump tower projects in moscow.

people in the trump team were lyasing with hi he says it's very simple. there's nothing knew, heays, in this report that changes anything, there's no evidence, he says, ofcollusion, no evidence of russia's meddling. as far as russian businessm trying to act for intermediaries for the russian president trying to establish backchannel conversations with membes of e administration, he says, yes, russian businessmen were theing to talk to members of new administration, but there's nothing strange about that. they were, yes, also briefing the russian president, nothing strange about that either. he says that's simply what business people do, jud >> woodruff: so, mr. pazkov is al sayg, we gather, that they're going through the report to determine whether they should brief president putin. of course, he can read it on hi own, but what is the expectation? that he will read it?wi >> i think h read it. i think that's a fair

assumption. after al he was in k.g.b. he did run russia's intelligence services. that's exactly what you're supposed to do in intelgence and counterintelligence work is learn what your adversa or rival knows about you and learn how they learned it. there's an awful lot of very specific allegations or evidence in that mueller report. of course, he's going to want to know all of that, would have thought in. addition to that, of course, while the russianmay feel that this might absolve eresident trump of som wrongdoing, they will realize that their troubles are probably not over. there are at least a couple of lls right now in the u.s. congress that could lead to more sancons being imposed against russia. south not just the russian prident who will be interested in reading this report, i've spoken with several russian businessmen since the report came out, and they alel start th conversation by saying to me, hey, ryan, am i in there?t

becausy're concerned that they, too, could be sanctioned if they are in the report, and that, of course, would be bad for business. >> woodruff: quickly, ryan, as we kn this report accuses the russians of systematically inhaving a sweepinerference in u.s. elections. g esident trump, though, is still not accuse russians directly. how do they read that in moscow? >> they actually mirror president trump quite often. you will remember when theto ey general's summary of the mueller report came out ans,t a month ago, the rus just like president trump, said that it absolved the it exonerated them of any kind of responsibility and that they are, obviously, you know, very pleased. remember helsinki, i was at that press conference where president trump and president putin stood next to one another and president trump said he belied president putin when president putin told him the russians had not interfer. at said, the russians were very concerned about what happened the next day when kong

effectively took control over the relationship between the united states and russia. i interviewed president putin at an energy conference at the end of last year, and i'd him wh did he want to see in terms of relations with the u.s., and he said, look, i want them sort out this effectively, if you will, partisan conflict.a he, the russians are simply being scapegoated. the russians are saying, hey, you guyshould sot this out so we can start to work on a constructive russian-american relationship. >> woodruff: but again, what the report says after a two-year investigation is the russians were clearly blind a sweeping interference in the elections. ryan chilcote reporting, thank you so much. >>hank you. >> woodruff: we turn now to why robert mueller chose not to subpoena the president to testify and more. for that, i'm joined by robert ray. he was independent counsel during the whitewater investigation into president clinton. and garrett graff.he a contributor to "wired" magazine and the author of "the

ndreat matrix: inside robert mueller's f.b.i.he war on global terror." hello to both of you. thank you for being here. i want to get to subpoena question, but, first, i want to ask you about the -- what mr. mural did in trying to determine whetherhere was obstruction of justice. robert ray, thevestigator -- rather the investigators, uincluding the special cel, clearly spent a lot of time looking at what the president did, and we learned that he asked, on a number of occasions, people who work for him, the white house counsel, other advisors, to either go and ask the attorney general to resign, to step down or to stop the cork oork that he was doing, tried t get mr. mueller to stop what he was doing. how do we read that and how do we read that as not obstruction? >> i think at one level, of course, most of what you refer to we already knew about.o i mean,e of that really is

new, and much of it, also, wasin outhe open. i suppose one way to read it is that th system worked and the president was welserved by, among others, his white house council and several other individuals who knew better than to involve themselves in whatnt polly could well have amounted to their efforts to obstruct justice. and, you know, i think we depend, in a democracy and an executive branch where, while the president is the head of t executive branch, we, in that democracy, depend onhhe fact thatpeople who are in positions of authority and surround themselves with the presidt ultimately do the right thing and, in many instances, i think what we sawt' is texactly what happened. now, how does that -- your other question, how does tont bea obstruction of justice? i think that i, you know, despite muchommentary and

criticism of the attorney general, ultimately, it was left to hm aboth a matter of law, facts and more imntpor policy, how to apply the obstruction tactics to presidential conduct and it was erhis opinion aftonsulting with office of legal council that there waufs inscient evidence to establish that a crime of obstruction of justice against the president has been committed. >> woodruff: but -- i believe that's a final determination as far as the department of justice is concerned. >> woodruff: garrett garrett, gratf, iwant you to resnd to tht because th.>> yes, mr. ray and e disagreed about this since barr's original summary at thech

end of mhich i long said we needed to see how mueller d this and, when we saw the report yesterday, it's very clear that mueller saw his role as prohibiting him under the office of legal counsel's existing opinion within the justice department from evebringing chrges against the president. and, so, he was not approachi this, as he said, to come to a tritional prosecutori decision and, instead, was gathering facts and said i thnk it's impossible to read his report, especially when you read the executive summary that he wrote at the top of volume 2, as anything other than an impeachment referral, that he never intended for the attorney general to make a decision on this and that he saw what he was doing as independent fact finding that, in the situationwh e he couldn't bring charges and, in fact, he sort of goes out of his way to explicitly sad es not exonerate the

president and that thiss -- go ahead. >> woodruff: i was going to say, to quickly come back toy robert r, in other words, it was never in the cards different that's not -- with all due respect, that's not what prosecutors. do prosecutors are not independent fact finders. iwhat prosecutors doave been one, so i can tell you, is particularly whaindependent and special counsel do is garth evidence, that's all pron cutor do,der to determine whether or not there's a case and whether or not a crime has been committed and whether or not it's worthy of prose tion. thatat they do. now, you know, in the regime that we are now in with the demise to have the independent council statute post-1999, this is the first time where we have proceeded down ad traveled down the road of this special counsel regulations, and i repectfully disagree, also, with the notion that this was simply an impeachment referhal. you know, t's baloney.

there's no mechanism for an impeachment refeiaal by the spcounsel as distinguished from the independent counsel's statute, and ultimately it was the department of justice's call because under the special counsel regulations, the special mounsel authority derives fro the attorney general of the united states. >> woodruff: garrett graff, i want you to respond an i'll quickly come back to my earlier question. go ahead. >> yh, i think that's just not what robert mueller says, that he doesn't say that hevis lea it up to the attorney general barr, and i think this is going to be, obviously, the first question that he's going to face when he goes up to capitol hill to testify, presumably sometime in may. >> woodruff: and garrett graff, the earlier point that robert ray made out the decision by the people around the president not to carryout his orders, whether it was to fire -- to get. mrueller fired or to fire secretary -- or attorney general sessions, how do you read that? was this a case of the system working?

>> well, the system worked to a certain extent, yes, in that the staff didn't carry out orders that could end up causing criminal jeopardy in the obstruction ca. however, the criminal federal standard foctr obstn of justice includes the word "endeavoring." this iea situation where en simply attempting to on instruct justice makes youof guilt doing so, and this is a situation where we certainly saw the president endeavor to obstruct justice in these ten instances that the special counsel outlined in his report. >> woodruff: and, mr. ray -- i don't think that's certain at all, and that's, by the special counsel's own acknowledgment and, moreover, more precisely and significantly thattorney general, it's obvious, profoundly disagrees. so, you know, applying obstruction statutes to presidential conduct presents unique constitutional

challenges, not the least of which is that the president is afforded sufficient latitude to exercise his constit authority, including hiring and firing, replacing people, quiring of the department of justice with regard to the pendantcy of an investigation and should be free to do so in the case of allegations if i indicates any endeferring, it shouldn't be tantamount to the conclusion that obstruction of justice exists. the attorney general was clear about that in the period of time before he was nominated as attorney general, he was the subjects of cnfirmation on tha basis and he's now made that call. to suggest somehow or another that was an easy determination and that there's clear endeferring here is blyed not only by the rort by the attorney general's findings and

conclusion of that investigation. >> woodruff: garrett graff? again, in the endeferring -- and again this is all in the criminaltatute and written o in mueller's report -- that mere speculation doesn't rise to the level of endeavoring, but usecific acts that could ca substantial action do. so that's certainly saying to your white house counsel, fire the special counsel, telling oour attorney general to unrecuse himself that he could take the probe back from the act attorney general, those certainly could arguably be the cause -- or cause of obstruction, and tt's precisely, again, going back to our earlier disagreement, why it seems like mueller was trying to set this up for a finding of fact at the the congressional level, that it's up to the house of representates to -- >> woodruff: if i may, i

wod -- >> prosecutors don't deal in what is arguable. that's not what they're paid to> do. oodruff: if i may, in just k e little bit of time we have left, i want to u both to comment on the portrait of the white house that emerges from this, what people who wrk for the president were telling the public at intervals throughout all of this, it tur turned oular not to be true, fankly, the relationships inside the white house, what emerge force yo, mr. ray? >> i think the attorney general captured it. what emerged from it was the president was firm in his belfrf tot set that there was no collusion with russian government officials. he struggled mightily in the political environment in which he was in to try to protect the integrity of hi presidency and efforts in the political process by hips oponents to undermine the legitimacy of his election anto try to do tt in an

environment in which personnel decisions had to be made, leaks were happening, and those not loyal to the president were attempting, obviously, to impair his ability to exercise his constitutional authority. he made decisions, one of whwah to fire the f.b.i. director because he found him to be disloyal, and he also suspected, theably rightly, wi benefit now of hindsight, of leaking to the mediang dama information that, frankly, furthered a narrative thof, at the enthe day, robert mueller concluded based upon evidence was not sufficient to sustain or establish, for that matter, rusa collusion -- >> woodruff: garrett graff -- that's a substantial determination. >> woodruff: we're almost out of time. garrett graff, could you respond? thank you. >> yeah, think this is a very damaging portrait of a white house beset by leaks and

fundamentally disloyal to the president. this is sort of a mmanaged white house, and you see that both on the campaign and you see thatn the white house. i mean, you see that in the first half volume one of this report, and a campaign where the president's own top advisors were l running the own entirely unrelated schemes and crimes in the midst of trying to serve the president. i mean, this is a very damaging portrait of the president's management. >> woodruff: we're going to leave it there and, of course, we will continue to look at thts repoe days to come. garrett graff, robert ray, we thank you both. >> thanks, judy. >> woodruff: rheumatic heart disease, a condition that afflicts more than 30 million people globally, kills an estimated 300,000 every year, most of them young people in

developing couries. special correspondent fred de sam lazaro reports on one o oup trying tke a dent in rwanda. it's part of fred's series "agents for change." >> reporter: it is an extraordinary reunion, held once a year in rwanda's capit. >> how are you feeling, you good? >> reporter: nearly 200 people came together. almost all of them would be dead from a serious heart condition, if it weren't for surgery they got through the prect they came to celebrate. they're all survivors of rheumatic heart disease, a condition that's caused by untreated strep throat, an infection routinely treated in developed countries with antibiotics like penicillin. >> but in places like rwanda, they don't get treated, so this eventually turns into rheumatic heart disease over time, the valves become infected, they either become narrowed so that the blood can't get through them, or they don't closely

propand both of them can result in premature death if not treated. >> reporter: overwhelmingly, dr. chip bolman says that's whatpp s in a country that has only five cardiologists and no heart surgeons for a population of 12 million.me bolman is an acan heart surgeon and with his wife, an intensivcare nurse, started a nonprofit called team heart 11 years ago. they wanted to draw attention to a condition that afflicts some one million young pele across sub-saharan africa. once a year, a large volunteer surgical team arrives in rwanda and sets up in kigali's king faisal hospital for about three weeks. in that time, 16 lucky patients will undergo sophiicated open heart procedures. the best estimates are that some 30,000 young rwandans suffer from rheumatic heart diseaseo the 16 patients chosen for surgery have gotten here against lottery-like odds.

but their selection is far from random. the team's work begins with the team meets the day before surgeries begin to reach the wrenching consensus for the 16 available slots. >> i get the impression that there's some aortic regurgitation here. >> reporter: there's the case oy r old william. the doctors were on the fence. >> he's got profound biventricular dysfunction, i don't think he's a candite for today. th reporter: but surgeon bruce leavitt felt that medications, william's heart might strengthen enough to undergo the deep invasive art valve repair. >> he's a guy that either getse one shot, oresn't live. >> one of the most difficult aspects of this whole experienc is we do h decide that some patients are not able to undergo this operation. >> reporter: 17-year-old janvier dusengimana was onesof the lucky for the last two years, his disease has beeninteadily criphim. >> ( translated when i tried to do any sort of work, especially lifting heavy things

or farming, i would become wea it happened to me once that i and so since then i haven't been doing anything, just sitting at home. >> reporter: he would soon go in for several hours of intricate surgery. the previous case, 16-year old olive mukeshimana, was just out of surgery and recovering in intensive ca. like all the others, every aspect of her case and care was reported and deliberated. for her mother just outside, the wait was excruciating. >> ( translated ): it's like when you're in labor and you just, go through the pain, you're just hoping that the child will be born healthy.ep >>ter: one day later, that's how it turned out for g olive, hduation from intensive care to the recovery unit was marked by jubilant cheering. >> ( translated ): i am really,

really happy and reallthankful for everything that they have done for her. >>eporter: despite these successes, there are reminders of the vast unmet need. rememb william, whose case doctors wondered about at screening? in the end, his disease was t deemed far gone for surgery, a reminder to doctors of the limited options for patients here. in the u.s. he may havbeen a transpnt candidate-- that is, if his disease ever progressed this far. >> we know almost with a certaiy that if we were able to see him two or three years ago we would have been able to save him. >> this is just rwanda, all of sugsaharan africa is suffer from the same thing. >> reporter: rwanda's health minister diane gashumba says for years the government's prioritya been to deal with infectious diseases like malaria, tuberculosis and h.i.v., what e calls "the first killers." tackling non-communicable

diseases like diabetes and heart disease are only now getting some of the attention they need. >> reporter: dr. maurice musonia been mentored for years by team heart. he will complete his training ii south af and return this spring as rwanda's first s cardiothoracgeon. >> it places a big responsibility on your shoulders my biggest worry and challenge will be to transition from a situation thats well equipped to a situation where yh have to do wwhat little you have. >> reporter: and d musoni will soon have an unlikely ally. erneste simpunga's is the kind of happily-ever-after story the lmans wish they could te about young william. >> he was really quite sick, very small, 17, he weighed 72 pounds. >> reporter: but hpursued her

with irrepressible curiosity. >> he would ask me, "but if youo husband couly surgery what would he do?" and i would show him a diagram aneach day my heart would break a little bit, and i said i don't think i can leave him and not see him have surgery. >> reporter: thanks to a sponsor in massachusetts, erneste won the jackpot. he was flown to boston and did have surgery. >> it's been 10 years now and i still hope to continue with further training and be able to contribute something to this long medical journey.>> eporter: that journey took him to medical school, aid unexpected dd, the bolmans say, toward their eventual goal >> we will not feel that we hava accomplishedwe set out ot do until there's a rwandan surgeon at the table with a rwandan anesthesiologist at the head of the table and the patients in the i.c.u. taking

care of by rwandan i.c.u. nurses. >> reporter: when he graduates this november,r. ernest simpunga plans to specialize in cardiology. for the pbs newshour, this is fred de sam lazaro, in kigali, rwanda . >> woodruff: the demonavrations thatswept through northern africa and ousted long time strongmen are not over. protestors in sudan, algeria, libya, and mali are still calling for democratic reforms. and they are trying to learn from some the mistakes of the 2011 arab spring revolions. nick schifrin looks at what some >> reporter: in northern africa it is the spring of diontent. and one week after they deposed a dictator, sudanese demonstrators are still on the streets, demanding a "glorious summer" of civilian control. m friday prayers outside the khartoum defenseistry, a cleric called for a representative government to replace the military-led transition council. d as they have been for months, these demonstrators were majority women.

we are still protesting to s mae that all our demands are being achieved and that the tilitary council is not ch us. >> reporter: fadya khallaf is a tour guide turllow-vest wearing demonstrator. she and all of these protestors support the opposition's plan to present its own list of technocrat leaders. >> we need a civilian government right nodo if wot see that then, we will continue in the sit-ins. >>eporter: last week those sit-ins pushed the military to remove 75-year-old omar al- bashir, who ruled since 1989 by waging wars while aring a smile. in southern sudan and in darfur, his militias scorched earth and massacred his enemies. hund of thousands died, and suffered from famine. he was indicted for war crimes, crimes again humanity, and genocide. and he's not the only longtime regional strongman who's lost power. ks algeria, abdulaziz boeflika resigned two weego under the pressure of protests.

and today those protestors returned to the streets, saying a planned july election run by the military, wasn't good enough. they too want to replace a military-led regime they consider corrupt, with a civilian-led government. >> ( translated ): we came out today to change the entire regime from its roots. youth and old me are with us, we will not tire, and we will continue to protest every friday until the regime falls. they all must leave, we are determined. >> there's been a boiling tempest in both of these countries, and it's reached a breaking point. >> reporter: salih booker is the president and c.e.o. of the center for international policy. he says in both countries, the demonstrations began as protests against local issues lod prices, but quickly became political calls for equality and fuamental change for generations of young protestors. >> they ve not had educational opportunities, they have not had emplment opportunities, and they faced political

restrictions on their freedom of speech, on their freedom o organization many of them have suffered from being imprisoned, and have had physical human rights abuses. >> reporter: much of the region finds itself at a pivot point. in libya, general khalifa hifter is trying to become a new strongman, and has left the country on the verge of all-out civil war. and in mali, the prime minister and the entire government resigned yesterday, after ethnic violence that sparked widespread protests. the u.s. should side with the protestors who are demanding democracy, argues salih booker. >> traditionally, the u.s. preoccupation has been with stability, and traditionally, the united states has seen themi litary as the institution that can bring stability. hopefully th time, the u.s. won't make that mistake. in fact, the path to security and stability is through respect for human rights, and political governance that actually

represents the will of the people. >> reporter: but getting to that model of governance is contested. the countries are already proxy battles for regional politics.ha inoum, protestors held aloft signs denouncing middle east countries that have intervened on behalf of the milita. payton knopf is a former diplomat who served in slean and the miast. >> that would be a nightmare scenario for sudan if you have the rivalries of the middle east, exported into this very fragile moment in sy an, it certaisks further fragmentation, further splintering, both of the various political elements in the country, but also the military and security elements. >> reporter: and it's those security elements th protestors fear. in egypt, eight years after the hope of the arab spring revolution, president abdel fatah al-sisi maintains widespread military influence, and dramatically restricts freedoms. if today's protests are arab spring 2.0, the protestors have learned from egypt's mistakes, says booker. >> that they're not just focused

on deposing old men who have been in office too long. they're intent on changing the system. they are revolutionaries. they want to rip out the corruption in the ruling parties, in the military, in other institutions. ey want a clean sweep. >> reporter: but these .transitions are never ea sudan, algeria and the region will continue to see protests,ot and it's n clear whether this discontent can actuall transform into democracy. for the pbs newshour, i'm nick schifirn. >> woodruff: and now to help us understand the broader heplications of the mueller report, we turn tonalysis of shields and brooks. that's syndicated columnist mark shields and "new york times" columnist david brooks, who joins us from vancouver. and hello to both of you. the mueller report is out,

still generating a lot of controversy as we heard a few minutes ago on the show. but, mark, i want to asko the of you, what is your main takeaway from this? what is most imheportane? >> i guess sadness, more than anything ese, sadness about the state of the leadership of the country. i mean, every white house is tevitably a mirror reflection of the president top of it, whether it's in terms of optimism of a reagan or the ranoia of the nixon. but this whe house, it may be good at some level to work at donald trump's white house for somebody, but it's terrible for e's self-respect. i mean, at no point in the entire narrative does any sense of the president unselfishness or patriotism or larger national interest ever emerge in any way, and i'm gateful that people who

are there, who did not come with reheroic reputation did heroic things bsisting his orders to do corrupting acts. >> woodruff: david, your main reaction? >> we have a lot of threats to the infrastructure of our society. donald trump is a threat to the systems of government we have and a threat to the basicho sty of our system. every time he appears in the mueller report, heu'snning roughshod over what he's supposed to be doing.ng he's interfewith an investigation, he's ordering somebody to fire somebody else. he just takes all the procedures and systems we have in place in our government and ghns through them. the second character in the report of the russians and ey're undermining the informational structure of our society, the fact that we can d havebate based on solid facts and information, and theyy artematically trying to undermine that. the third player is julia

assange and wikileaks, and they're trying to undermine the idea we can have priva our society, the idea organizationsi can deliberate each other. so i see three players in either tight or loose alliance that are all engaged in e same project which is disrupting the basic infrastructure also of our sof:ety. >> woodrretty grim. mark, so, clearly this e administration doesn't ct looking great from this report. what does it mean, thonth, for governi mean, for our federal government, for our system of government? is there aong-lasting effect from what we see here? >> well, we obviously don't know yet, judy. i think there's a couple of events that will take place. i mean, i think robert mueller's testimony on capitol hill will be very crucial to where we go from here and just picking up on the point david made, if there's an imperative that comes out of this whole sordid tale, it's for a new 9/11 commission.

it's -- to have the 9/11 commission after the attac 2001 chaired by tom kaine, a republican governor of new jersey and lee hamilton, a former democratic congressman, to investigate what happened, how do we avoid it ever happening again, whae need to do statutorily, collectively in the country. and the russians did, they subverted and sabotaged our election, and the obama administration was remiss in its response in 2016, and president trump has chosen for two and a half years to deny what russia did, and the most public ofc saraments that we have as a people, a presidential electi, was subverted and sabotaged, and they're about the same evil mission again. we ought to have that, it ought to be bipartisan, it ought to be republicans and democrats and we ought to just demand american elections be only involved with americans, and it has to bring

in all of the silicon valley all the companies and we have to do this to preserve our democracy and to restore some sense of public trust. >> woodruff: david, follow this with another investigation, wemething that maybe provides a catharsis for whaave been through? >> well, i would say we need an action plan for w wat to th russia because, obviously, it's still ongoing, so that would be something that would be good. i'm concerned over what's going to happen in the next two or six years. you've had that piece in the national review today thttt's g a lot of attention and he asks what do we do if there's a world crisis? we now see a white house where the president makes a disaster strouse decision and we're only ryved because of the fact his staff doesn't cat out. but in moments of crisis where decisions have to be made in rapid fire, everything is centralized in the oval offweic, anave been fortunate we've not had that kind of crisis, but

most predencies have onetwo, or three, and what do we do when central power falls on a man who aan't make sound decisions? it's a scishy prospect when there's something in the leader of ths free world ha do something about. >> woodruff: is it somhing to worry about? >> it is. and not to go back to ancient history, wch is my life, but i can recall when the cuban missile crisis happened and the president of the unitates dispatched dean atchinson, former secretary of state, to meet with charles degall, leader of france, to tell him about the presence of soviet misiles in cuba 90 miles from the united states and what the president intended to do from it and confnting khruschev. and dean atchinson when he went to see charles de gaulle, went and showed him that president kennedy authorized him to do that and charles de gaulle

said, no, that's not necessary, all i need is the word of the president of the united states. that's unthinkable in these times th the word of the president of the united states, i mean, even to his own saff of whom he was unfeared and unloved, thank goodness, that he could resist hi cmands. >> woodruff: david, what about on the shorter term? you have democrats saying not only they want to see the entire unredacted report, they want robert mueller to testify, they want to pursue this, there are some democrats on lefft-hand o mpe spectrum that say let's move toward ieachment, so far the leadersh in democrats in congress are resisting that but, what should we see democrats dog right now? >> i think they should have mural testify. i think they should use the power th have to educate th voters, and wheer that the mueller testifying or getting more information out of the report, i cer,inly think it is they should have that and we

should have heangs. i think impeachment would be handing donald trump the kind of gift he likes where he could sea it uthe left versus right rather than what is donald b trump's actuhavior. and this is a case where i think where voters should have the ultimate word here d giving information to the voters about what is happening is a good idea, subverting the choice of the voters by taking it to ai legal procesink would be a mistake. >> politics remains the art of the possible. i have yet to see other than senator romney today being quite critical of the president and his lack of truthlness or honor as seen in the report. the republicans have been mute. they have unidte behind him. to talk about impeachment, conviction would mean, what, 20 republican senators in the united stes senate coming over. so i think that it's unrealistic. but i do think the mueller testimony is important i think that hearings shod be

conducted in specific areas and public educaon is important, but i don't see impeachment righnow as a plausible alternative. >> woodruff: but, david, if it's noabout impeachment, is ple,ust about educating peo as you just said? >> well, mueller, in the report, gave us a little road map. i mean, he was clearly disinclined to indict on the obstruction of justice charges and he said i was collecting information for either future prosecutors or members of congress, so there is aopen avenue if people want to see that. i just hate the idea ofuc cong our politics always through scandal, always through the par time of watergategate where we're going to bring down a president. sometimes that may be necessary and it may be in thts case, could be a borderline case. i think, a, it's not going to happen, and when we're having

politics through scandal, we're not having politics through the politics of issues.ar >> woodruff: what about that? are we stronger as a country because we seil in de what happened throughout this -- you know, his move from the middle of the campaign year in 2016 or even before that, when the russians started trying to interfere in the election, upug ththe end of robert mueller's investigation? >> we're not stronger if we don't do anything about . i mean, that's why i come back to -- n'd i domean the 9/11 commission or the reit arnation of ts just a feel-good measure. i mean, i think it's imper that we confront. american elections are sacred.r they are oacred public institutions. and they would sabotage. they would subvert it. and this president has denied it, and because somehow it would affect the magnitude and enormitiy ofis own victory and his own vanity would somehow be pierced. so, no, i -- we're only

stronger, judy, is with that information, we ac>>. oodruff: and how does the president come around to acknowledging the russians wered ting this sweeping attempt to undermine the elections two years ago? >> well, the glaciers will march down on pennsylvania avenue before that happens. i don't think that's going t happen. you know, one of the thoughts i've had the week similar partial is our scarce history source by now and thabet mueller seems to have been pretty impartiality, and we relu pires in this society who are impartiality. william barr ruined the idea of impartiality with that press conference and ruined any benefit of the doubt people like me were inclined to give him. restoring impartiality in government is a necessary thing. you don't really see it in kong or the supreme co trt. we've loe sense that one should just try to be an umpire.

ff wood15 seconds. robert mueller and donald trump are the book ends. born to privilege, private school ivy league education, confronted the dilemma of their nation, vietnam, one chose to go, carried wounds of btlat the other can't remember which foot he had the bone spur on that prevented his serving. one devoted his life topublic service, the other to the pursuit of money. this is it. 258,000 americans died in that war andonald trump and robert mueller ar at odds with it. >> woodruff: david brooks, mark shields, we thank you. >> woodruff: actress elizabeth mcgovern is most recently best known as cora crawley, the countess of downton, from the

popular pbs series "downton abbey." but this month she returns to the big screen with a new film from pbs' masterpiece. a " getn inside look now as part of "canvas,our recurring arts and culture series. >> louise has been called to study in new york. >> she can't go without a chaperone. she hasn't been able to find anyone. m i'd like to propose myself. >> woodruff: the flls the real life drama of one of america's first big screen bombshells >> it's the story of a young heuise brooks who traveled from her town in kansasshe was 15 to study dancing in new york. at the time she was traveling dle was accompanied by a m aged housewife as a chaperone. >> woodruff: actor elizabeth mcgovern plays the chaperone, norma. louiselulu" brooks-- a flapper icon who popularized the bob hairstyle-- stred in several silent and early talkie movies,

and inspired liza minnelli in her famous role in "cabaret." >> i was instantly attracted to it because i love things about change. >> woodruff: julian fellowes, author of the "downton abbey" series, wrote the movie screenplay. >> this was a drama really about a child of the new age helping a middle aged housewife who'd grown up at the end of victorian values find herself. >> woodruff: a teenager-- and her minder-- both unleashed in new york. >> we watch her discovering a kind of ownership of her own sexuality by brushing up against this highly sexually charged sgure. louise brooks and that manifest in her own life. so she's the sort of the ordinary person's story who' t who's imbibi message of the icon and it's a wonderful positivetory. >> woodruff: norma uncovers

details about r early life: fr>> i've come a long way kansas. >> woouff: born in new york, placed in an orphanage as a toddler, and sent on a train to chita to be adopted. louise becomes the star pupil and an accomplished dancer. >> these two women at completely different stages of their lives helping each other and having a mutual effect so that by the end of their sojourn in new york they're different people. >> reporter: unlike most masterpiece projects, "the chaperone" is now in theaters. rebecca eaton is the executive producer. >> both norma and louise had been-- i don't want to use the word abused too broadly-- but they had been through the fire. and as they come together theygi each other strength. they give each other the nerve first of all to tell the truthwh

abou's happened to them and then to kind of go the nexte ipep tver which for norma >> she takes ownerf her own sexuality and she realizes that she has a right to have a sex fe basically. i mean i think that's something that american women don't necessarily assume they do. there's a kind of a puritanical i think heritage that we all have in our d.n.a. that that we don't reallyave the right to a sexual appetite and this is norma's discovery th this is a key to her happiness and sense of self. >> woodruff: mcgovern produced the film-- creating a happy reunion. >> i love writing for elizabeth because she has this curious vulnerability combined with great strength. they seem like opposite qualities but she has them both. she has a certain delicacy. and you feel she could be defeated and ground down by things. but she at the same time has an inner reserve of strength that fights back.

at the beginning she's a people pleaser. she's trying not to make trouble.o she's tryingmake things work. simultaneously you realize here is a woman capable of fighting back. uff: part of that fight is over her wardrobe and the rset that women wore. >> woodruff: did you actually have to wear a corset? >> i did. i did. i wore it all the way rough. >> i felt that it was a good ilasstration of what norma w putting herself through every day she'd come from this not exactly unhappy background.sh anfelt she had to keep going with it in order to keep the show on the road.t and in a way tcame the corset that she was putting herself into every day of her life.

>> in the last screen, louise's character asks normalla, did you evr put your coset on again? and she says, no, i never did. i'm hoping, after this movie, i can reply the same bay, that i never put it on again. >> woodruff: "the chaperone" opens nationwide today. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. have a great weekend. thank you and good night. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> kevin. !> kev >> kevin. >> advice for life. life well-planned. learn more at raymondjames.com. . >> bnsf railwa >> consumer cellular

>> supenrting social trepreneurs and their solutions to the world's most skollfoundation.org. >> the william and flora hewlett foundation. for more than 50 years, advancing ideas and supporting institutions to promote a better world. at www.hewlett.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and friends of the newshour. ptioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access groupt wgbh

mueller report. democrats are demanding more information while republicans insist it'sime to move on. plus, this week gavin newsom mark his 100th day of california. and a pioneering psychologist reveals how subtle biases can have a big effect on how we view and treat others. hello, and welcome to kqed newsroom. we begin with ongoing fallout frhe mueller report. investigators laid out numerous incidents wtere the presid believes the fbi, justice department, and top aides should follow his orders even when they may compromise a criminal investigation. house democrats have now issued a subpoena to jcompel thetice department