captioning sponsored by wnet >> sreenivasan: on this edition for saturday, april 20: remembering columbine, 20 years later; flout from the mueller report ctinues; and in our signature segment, baghdad's emerging art scene.n next os newshour weekend. >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. d edgar wachenheim iii. seton melvin. the cheryl and philip milstein vagelos.oy vagelos and diana t. the j.p.b. foundation. rosalind p. walter. barbara hope zuckeerg.

corporate funding is provided by mutual of america--st designing ized individual and group retirement products. that's why we're your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for b public broadcasting, a contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. from the tisch wnet studios at wlincoln center in rk, hari sreenivasan. >> sreenivasan: good evening, and thanks for joining us. today marks the 20-year anniversary of the columbine high school shooting near the denver suburb of littleton, colorado. the two gunmen, students at the school, killed 12 studen and a teacher that day before killing themselves. yesterday, hundreds ed a vigil near the high school at the columbine memorial, which openedn 2007. >> it makes it not just an empty g.or upsetting or sad feel it's more of aeep impact instead of like a hollow feeling

for everyone that lid here because you can't ever forget no matter how young you were. >>nereenivasan: today, colum students and teachers participated in projects as part of the third annual "day of service," including events at homeless shelters, community gardens and at meetings with first responders. 20 years ago, when two students opened fire inside columbine high school in littleton, colorado, a mass murder at a school carried out by students was not something the country or the media had seen. but now, we say "there has been a school shooting" almost routinely. dave cullen has followed school shootings for the last 20 years and is the author of," "columbind, more recently, "parkland: birth of a movement." i spoke with him recently about what has changed, what can bear led, and how a generation raised in the era of school shootings is responding. >> we've learned so much inn certeas and then done nothing in others.ow you police response-- dramatic, completely changed.

the aptitude of protocol saved n many lives. schools with lockdills. and some, they've learned to have, like, stopping some of these ahead of time, although that's very hard to do. but 's other areas we've don nothing. teen depression is really the great unlearned lesson columbine because most of these mass shooters suffer from severe depression. and we know how to treat depression, but... butinding it is the issue because it almost always manifests during... the brain changes during adolescence. and so, parents don't yet realize that their child has fundamentally changed, and... and that this is for good. and so, really, screening for teen depression is so simple to do. there are one-page screening devices that could be donen a minute or two for almost no cost. pass them out at homeroom once or twice a year, would dratically improve things. and guns, we've done nothing until parkland. we're finally starting to do something, or in the process of it. really, the biggest change,

though, is, those kids after columbine, they were all so shell-ocked. it was really the day after columbine that really threw me r the biggest loop becau the day it happened was kind of what you would expect. it was... it was chaos. kids hugging, sobbing, of course, grabbing their parents. the next day, they were completely different. there were almost no tears, no t emotins blank affect. and that really, really scared ,0. i was like, "these kids, are they going to get through anis?" i did not see one affect at parkland. so many of the parkland kids said, "yeah, i was kind of expectg this." their whole generation is expecting this. and that'shat i think adults still aren't quite getting. we are sending them off to school to die. they know that some of their classmates or other students in the country will die. they... and we've just accepted that. "okay, you go to school, some of you are going to get murdered."

and we're just accepting that as, like, "oh, we can't fix that. yeah, big majorities of the country want all sorts of changes in gun control, but we can't make it happen. anthat's rough." the kids are like, "what the hell?!?" but by the way, the columbine community is doing so much better today than they were a year ago, and this anniversary is so different because parkland. because a year ago, they were still distraught and hopeless. i mean, they had put their own grief behind them for the most rt. you know, this is with them forever, but they... they were trying to move on, and most ofon them hadpretty well with that. but it was bleak and hopeless, felt like two decades into this, nothing happened. and now, something has happened. y , it's not done, but the columbine communis anniversary finally goes into one of these things with hope. at 20 years out, we haven't gotten very far, but we finally... there's a potential way out of this, and that's changed everything for the mood of those families there this year. so, thank god for that.

>> sreenivasan: president trumtt continued tok special counsel robert mueller's investigation into russian interference in the 2016 election and obsuction of justice. before heading out to playarolf near his-lago estate where he is spending the weekend, mr. trump tweeted out "by the numbers" video that said the investigation cost $30 million and took 675 days. andhe again claimed there was no collusion and no obstruction. the 448-page partially-redactede muelreport did not exonerate the president. it details ten episodes in which mr. trump may have, in fact, obstructed justice and concluded that congress has the authority beto conduct obstruction p the democratic chairman of the house judiciary committee, jerry nadler, has issued a subpoena for the full unredacted mueller report and its underlying documents. strong storms and tornadoespa swept througs of the south and mid-atlantic states last night and brought heavy rain and flooding to the northeast today. the storm system is blamed for

pee deaths of three people in mississippi and onon in alabama. there were tornadoes in thero nas and virginia, and forecasters confirmed 14 rnadoes touched down in mississippi where at least 24 counties reported damage.si missi governor phil bryant has declared a state of oeergency, the second in one week due to torn a federal judge in flint, michigan, has ruled that resi environmental protection agency for contamination of the city's water supply that began in 2014 and continued for years. in her ruling on thursday, judge linda parker said e.p.a. employees knew lead was leaching from old pipes and k michigan regulators were misleading residents. nearly 5,000 residentsd suits against the federal government, alleging e.p.a. officials and employees" negligently responded to the water crisis." the federal government tried to have the cases dmissed. there was no comment from the justice department. we'll have more news later in the broadcast.

for the latest reaction to the mueller report, visit pbs.org.newshour. >> sreenivasan: the city of baghdad is experiencing a phase of stability and security rarely seen since the 2003 u.s. invasion that toppled dictator saddam hussein. baghdadis who once flocked to outdoor cafes, parks and cultural events are going out on the town again to experience both the pleasure of art as well as see how artists are interpreting the recent past. but getting back to some semblance of normalcy is not easy newshour weekend special correspondent simona foltyn is in iraq and h our story. >> reporter: a slight wind of hope is blowing through old n ghdad. on a rainy autumday, a small group of artists and art othusiasts gather on historic rashid street for n-air photography exhibition. it'sn unusual sight in a cit that has been marred by violence for ch of the past 16 years. >> it was... it was wonderful.

it was very iritual. people, they don't see this daily, and the world does not see this about bhdad. >> reporter: hussein motar is taking part in the artalk, a weekend event during which young artists exhibit their work at famo landmarks throughout th city. his photography project documents baghdad's transformation over the past decades by hanging up old photographs of baghdad alongside his own. motar chose famous archive pictures of the capital, and photographed the same places to showow the city has changed. while there has been some development, much of baghdad's old architecture has suffered from damage and neglect. >>translated ): this particular picture is hung on a building from the year 1933. it's a very old and beautiful building. the combination of the columns and the outside details and also the balconies is ver particular, and it distinguishes ag rashid street. >> reporter: motar 20, comes from a generation that grew up mostly indoors to avoid

olence that raged on baghdad's streets in the wake of the 2003 american-led invasion.i for years, explosions and sectarian strife altered the tyysical appearance and social cohesion of the ci then, after a viief lull in ence, isis took control of a third iraq's territory in 2014, and, although its so-called caliphatednever extendo baghdad, the group terrorized the city with car bombs and suicide attacks. security has much improved since isis' defeat in 2017, and, gradually, the concrete blast walls that have blocked off streets and buildings for years s e coming down. motar's exhibition effort to rediscover and reclaim his city. >> people started to think of baghdad like it does not represent them due to the architectural changes and... and, like, destruction you can see. we are trying to... to make them

believe again. >> reporter: as much as these young artists seek to overcome the impact of the war, it has inevitably shaped their art. louay al hadhari exhibits his work in liberation square. >> ( translated ): i worked topic of women who were taken as slaves by isis and soln he market as sex slaves. >> reporter: al hadhari says his sculpture of a woman from iraq't yezidi minhas broken shackles to represent the ongoing fight for freedom in iraq. ( translated ): i chose liberation square because the freedom monument is the largest nument in the middle east,ic represents liberation. >> reporter: the freedom monument ibaghdad's liberation square was designed by a famous iraqi artist called jawad saleem in the '60s, a time en baghdad was a jewel of arab capitals with a thriving t scene.

many decades and wars lar, that scene is a shadow of its former self. artists today strugg to grab the attention of a public that's too exhausted to care. only a few people stopped to observe the exhibits of the young artists. >> so many people are just working. they don't know about art, or they... even more of them, they don't have any educationike that. so, this is something new for us. >> reporter: it's nojust declining educational opportunities that have stuntedv interest in ar the past decades. after the demise of saddam hussein's secular dictatorship, iraq witnessed a resurgence of political islam and conservative islamic values that deemed much of art as "haram," or forbidden. only a few organizations dare to sh the boundaries. this art institute, call o bait tarkibthe house of installation, in arabic-- wasd establis 2015 to promote contemporary art.

>> when we did the first installation, exhibition, people we were shocked and said, "this is not art." this is a question: what is art? >> reporter: bait tarkib is run by hellaewis. >> the iraqi society, some of them, of course, are conservative, but some of them are simply afraid to make a change. so, this is why... what we are trying to do, not to be afraid to make a change. and other people wilfollow, i'm sure. they started to follow us. >> reporter: bait tarkib organizes exhibitions and workshops to help emerging artists develop their portfolios and get exposure through events like the art walk. it receives funding from french and german cultural institutes, but not the iraqi government. >> the government doesn't care at all about the young generation and art, especially. culture? no, nothing. grants like we have in europe-- so, we have grants for the young generation, grants for cultural institutions-- here is nothing.

>> reporter: the ministry of culture, tourism and antiquities does organize and fund several art festivals and other cultural vities to promote iraqi artists, musicians and writers, according to spokesperson omran al obeidi. >> ( translated ): every year,n we putace an integrated plan to suppart cultural and stic activities in all of iraq. the minist provides all the required facilities for these events. >> reporter: but al obeidi admitted that the nuf programs is limited due to insufficient funds. the ministry's share of the govement's 2019 budget is le than 0.2%. >> ( translated ): we've got the smallest budget of allhe ministries, but we overcame this difficulty through appropriate management and the selecon of the right activities that deserve the attention and that have relevant cultural impact in the artistic media and the cultural field. >> reporter: but the bulk of resources are spent on salaries

and not programs. more than 98% of the ministry's 2019 budget of $118 million is earmarked for administrative expenses and the payroll for its 13,800 employees, with only $1.9 million left for art, music and other cultural activits. ( orchestra playing ) the lack of government support reverberates through all segments of baghdad's culture scene. ( orchestra playing )na iraq's natsymphony orchestra once received more government funding and attracted conductors andan musicifrom around the globe. today, it suffers from a shortage of funds and basic facilities, including adi dedicated bu. the orchestra meets three times week to rehearse at this dance studio at the music and ballet school. >> ( translated ): there's no comparison.

e simplest things the orchestras around the world have are lacking re. the location, as you see, it's not convenient or appropriate for an orchera rehearsal because of the echo. >> reporter: some of the musicians are frustrated at the perceived lack of opportunities. nepotism is prevalent, and getting ahead requires connections, says this 19-year- old violinist. he's been with the orchestra for seven years but hasn't been offered a salaried positio so he plays for free. >> i've been playing in the second violin, and then i got promoted to the first violin. and i've been in every concert they've had, but i still haven't got the employment because i don't have any connections. >> reporter: despite all these challenges, on this night, the orchestra draws a packed audience at baghdad's national theatre. fakhar hadaad and faisal habib

are medical students and regular concertgoers. ( orchestra playing ) for them, being able to visit cultural events like this one i gisignghdad rising. >> people, in the ing, ced to be afraid maybe of congested places awded places such as this one. ( orchestra playing >> music is one aspect of a normal life, and this is what we are tryingo have around here, even though we are having a lot of obstacles fm having a normal life. but, yeah, we are trying our best. ( applause ) >> sreenivasan: it used to beth outdoor music festivals were the stuff of summer. but now, from punk rock to pop

and country, to contemporary jazz, the festival season starts in spring. this past winter, the art institute of chicago and online music magazine "pitchfork" tried something new, taking advantage of the outdoor music festival off-season with an indoor version of their own. it's called midwinter. newshour weekend's christopher booker has the story. >> reporter: of the many questions surrounding just how to host a multi-day, multi-stag concside one of the country's premiere art institutions, perhaps the mostte sting: does hearing music change the way we see art? for three nights ifebruary, the art institute of chicago, in partnership with "pitchfork," a digital music publication, tried to find out, opening its doors for edidwinter," an event bill as music experience."rt and ( music playing ) >> it's not a festival in that it is really a n kind of

experience, bothn terms of the festival world but also the museum world. >> reporter: jacqueline terrassa is the art institute of chicago's women-endowed chair of learning and public engagement. i can see where "pitchfork" would jump at this, but was there any hesitation amongst the arinstitute? >> never. ( music playing ) i mean, of course, we had to think about how we would make it happen. there wasn't a question about why we would make it happen. the museum is... has never thought of itself simply as a place for passively presenting work. it's a place where work gets created, it's a place where people bring ideas, and where we use a collection to inspire and to generate new forms of experience. >> reporter: spread out over the nearly million square-foot institute, the event hosted over 30 avant garde and experimentalo musicianperformances

within and among the museum's celebrated collections, fromon vocalist madcferrin to singer-songwriter bill callahas whose music en described as "atmospheric desert blues" and "counterclockwf e to the reste world's spin." >> ( singing ): the lucky supple teeth of the straw-picked knuckle meat. >> reporter: for harp player maryattimore, midwinter wasn her first time playing in a museum, but it was a perfect opportunity,he says, to keep pushing the boundaries of her instrument. where does the harp player fit in this world experimental music? >> there's just no rules in any of the experimental musi and the harp has so much potential. like, so many untapped sounds thatou can make. you can bring it into the future and, like, modernize it by playing things like this. ( music playing ) >> reporter: playing on a staircase that sits between the impressionist and american folk art galleries, latimore recorded sections of her music as she played, looping those recordings throughouthe performance and playing on top of them. do you think there's a greater

appetite for dferent types of experiences when it comes to live performance? >> i think so now, for sure. yeah. >> reporter: why do you think that would be? >> music is so accessible now. it feels like people aren't as invested on the individual record itself or, like, you know, it's become a little bit b mokground music since people are getting it for free from everywhere. and, so, like, having a really dynamic performance in a weird space, it's hard to replicate. ( music playing ) >> our audience has always been this super music fane kind m ic nerd. >> reporter: puja patel is the editor-in-chief of "pitchfork." she says midwinter is part of a broader effort within the magazine. >> we're tryinto make it more purposeful to comment on how music is reflective of a larger cultural narrative, ght? the way that politics and social issues and race and identi kind of inform the way

that we listen to music, right? so, we have joey purp, w is a hip-hop-based artist. we have william bassinski, who's ambient work came out of, you know, the aftermath of the attacks during 9/11. and laurie anderson, who is this icon who released music on the label of an associate of andy warhol, who is featured in this museum. so, i think that the way that we've kind connected the history of that mindset and also the versity of that. >> reporter: the mindset that... of experimentation, breaking bounds? >> innovation, being forward- thinking. ( music playing ) >> reporter: do you think this will bring people to the museum e o wouldn't necessarily c the museum? >> definitely. and my hope is that for those who believe that art museums are about some kind of only quiet,ss e looking, that they will come, and they will discoverat that it's noll like that. ( music playing )

>>is is pbs newshour weekend, saturday. >> sreenivasan: in france today, yellow vest demonstrators set fires, tew rocks and complained about huge sums being donated to restore the notre dame cathedral after ms devastating blaze. tre protester's sign read "everything for nodame. what about for us, the poor?" in paris, large portions othe metro were closed, and, across the country, about 60,000 police were deployed the 23rd weekend of protests against president emmanuel macron's economic policies. macron was about to unveil new policies in response to the o protesmonday but cancelled when the notre dame fire erupted.mb a suiciding in afghanistan's capital city ghlled at least seven people and wounded more than others today.in accordg to local police, one attacker blew himself up outside the telecommunications ministry in kabul, allowing four others

to enter the heavily guarded government compound and open fire. as many as 2,700 government employees and civilians had to be rescued by security forces. the blast came one day after peace talks in qatar between the taliban and the afghan government collapsed. yptians went to the poll today to vote on a constitutional amendment that would allow president abdel-fa eh el-sissi to hold power until 2030. another amendment on the ballot would broaden the military'sat power, a move ritics see as a step toward authoritarian rule. el-sissi's governm tt has arrestusands in recent years and has rolled back -eedoms won in the 2011 p democracy "arab-spring" uprising. voting is scheduled to continue through monday. police in northern ireland arrested twoeenagers in the fatal shooting of a journalist during rioting in londonderry thursday night. 29-year-old lyra mckee was covering the riots when she wasa hit by what ma been stray bullets from gunfire aimed at police.li said members of a group called "the new i.r.a." were responsible and called mckee's

death a terrorist act. >> sreenivasan: join us tomorrow for a look at how a film archivist turns ho movies into cumentaries about america's cities. and megan thompson will have an interview with cathy guisewhite, the creator of the "cathy"st cartoop, who is still making us laugh with her new essay collection titled "50 things that aren't mt." that's all for this edition of pbs newshour weekend. i'm hari sreenivasan. thanks for watching. have a good night. captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by media access group at wgbhh. access.wg

>> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. sue and edgar wachenheim iii.. seton melv the cheryl and philip milstein family. dr. p. roy vagos and diana t. vagelos. the j.p.b. foundation. rosalind p. walter. barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we're your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcaing, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. be more. pbs.

announcer:lore new worldlds and new ideas through ograms like this, made available for everyone through contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. ♪ [applause] hello, i'm martin sheen, enlcoming you to annial celebration of the immortal nat king cole. ♪ unforgettable martin: nat's warm and velvet voice transports us back an to wonderful romantic moments that continue to fill our lives today. stay tuned for nat king cole's greatest songs on my music on pbs. ♪ that someone so unforgettable ♪