captioning sponsored by newshourroductions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the "newshour" tonight, an easter massacre. suicide attacks kill nearly 300 in sri lanka amid signs that security forces missed ear warnings about the little known terror group behind the plot. then, a democratic divide over how report. the mueller our politics monday team on the road ahead. plus, when art meets science-- a photographer's journey to capture how climate change is forever changing the arctic.ik >> ito be always be close. i think it's about human experience.e i think my r the world is to put a face to statistics and numbers. >> woodruff: all that and more on tonight's "pbs newshour."

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>> woodruff: sri lanka is under icnational emergency tonight after a wave of e bombings hit on easter sunday. the attacks killed 290 people, in5uding four americans and other foreigners. the indian ocean nati remained tense today, as police worked to disarm additional mbs, and some of them went off. ( explosion ) >> reporter: a parked van-- with three bombs inside-- explodes today near the colombo waterfront. no was one hurt, but ittu pued the easter sunday attacks that left christians worshipperaken and grieving. >> ( translated ): i hean the explosioand then the roof fell on us. we took the children and ran out from the rear door. but when i came to the hospital i saw my brother-in-law and son on the ground. >>meoodruff: people who had to celebrate their faith's holiest day, struggled to help the wounded. bricks cmbled to the ground in

pools of blood, and inside st. sebastian's catholic churc blood stained the statue of jesus. today mothers prepared to bury children. and songs of mourning surrounded caskets. outside of st. anthony's church, togrief brought onlookers heir knees. the suicide bombings at three churches and three luxury hotele the worst violence in sri lanka since a long civil war between majority sinhaamse and ethnics ended a decade ago. and it lt a country asking "why?" bhavani fonseka works at the "center for policy alternatives" in colombo. >> this is unprecedented in sri lanka, i think that needs to be very clearly stated that in the past sri lanka has gone through decades of violence. the war was very much, very

brutal, it ce to a very brutal end ten years ago. but when certain incidentsth happened, ere was responsibility claimed. >> woodruff: the government blamed a little-known, local jihadist group, "national thowheed jamath," saying sixe subombers perpetrated the attacks. police arrested multip suspects, and the prime minister vowed a swift response. >> ( translated ): in the attacks that took place in the country today. >> woodruff: sri lanka's president declared an emergency and gave the military sweeping authority. the government also blocked social media platforms, in an effort to stop what it called "false news repos." itarnath amarasingam is from sri lanka, and worksthe

"institute for strategic dialogue", in toronto. >> the government took a kind of immeate approach, the only w they knew how, to try to prevent some kind of anti-muslim violence on e ground. sri lankan officials also confirmed today they had muiple warnings of a terro threat as early as april 4. after all, as a government, we take-- we are responsible for all that whether we are we are we know the situation or not know the situation that's a different matter. anyway we are respon we are very sorry and weap ogize to everybody. >> woodruff: christians make up less than 10% of the country's population, which is largely buddhist, with hindu and muslim minorities. but attacks on christians in sri lanka have been relatively rare. t>> that was quite shocki see not only this much planning and coordination, but the fact that that much planning and coordination went into targeting christians, which has never happened before. >> woodruff: two muslim groups in sri lanka condemn the

church attacks today. anthpresident trump spoke wi the prime minister and pledged support, including f.b.i. assistance with theve igation. in the day's other news:t presidump said he is not worried about impeachment-- not even a little bit, as he put it. some democrats are pusng to begin impeachment proceedings, based on the mueller report. the report also indicated that aides often ignore the president's directives, but he insisted today, "nobody disobeys my orders." the house judiciary committee subpoenaed one of the aides, former white ho council don mcghan. the report says mcdan refused to fire the spial counsel in 2017. meanwhile, the president and the trump ganization sued to block another subpoena, this one for their financial records.

in turn, the house in turn, the house oversight committee chair-- democrat elijah cummings-- accused the white house of what he called "unprecedented stonewalling". five key nations that buy iranian oil will lose their exemptions from u.s. sanctions. china, india, japan, souey korea and tuust halt their iranian oil imports by may face penalties. eocretary of state mike po said today the goal remains to deprive iran's regime of critical revenue by cutting off all its oil sales. >> we're going to zero. how long we remain there at zero depends solely on the islamic republic iran's senioreaders. we've made our demands very clear to the ayatollah and his cronies: end your pursuit of nuclear weapons, stop testing and proliferating ballistic missiles, stop sponsoring and committing terrorism, halt the arbitrary detention of u.s. citizens.

>> woodruff: the sanctions announcementent oil prices surging to their highest levels since october. but the administration said it will work with saudi arabia and the united arab emirateso ensure the oil market is stabl representative seth moulton of massachusetts is the newest democrat in the 2020 presidential race. e 40-year-old marine veteran announced today. he garnered attention last year when he sougpe to oust nancy si as leader of house democrats. thel have a report fr campaign trail, later in the program.re the u.s. s court will consider whether lesbians, gays biseals and transsexuals are covered by federal law againstmi sex disction. the court today accepted a case to be argued this fall. at issue is whether the 1964 civil rights act extends to l.g.b.t. people. federal appeals courts have ruled that it does.

the latest numbers are in, and two major entitlement programs are still going broke. program trustees reported today that medicare will be insolvent by 2026-- unchanged from last year's estimate. social security will run dry by 2035-- one year later than the laststimate. in economic news, herman cain withdrew tay from consideration for the federal reserve board. he faced questions about sexual harassment allegations, and his qualifications for the fed. meanwhile, on wall street, the dow jones industrial average8 lostints to close at 26,511. the nasdaq rose 17 points. and the s&p 500 added about three. and some 30,000 children and parentgathered on the white house lawn today for the annual easter egg roll.

the main event-- as always-- was the race to roll hard-boiled eggs across the grounds. the white house tradition dates back to 1878. still to comon the "newshour,"tv a comedian wins the election for president of ukraine, next steps for congress aer the mueller report, our politics monday team on the 2020 race for the white house and much more. >> woodruff: a political earthquake took place in ukraine this weekend. the country is fighting the only active car in europe against russian-backed separatists. it is struggling wiio corru and with poverty. on sunday, an electorate, sick of the status quo, voted overwhelmingly for a political satirist to be its next

president. nick schifrin has the story. >> reporter: last nigh kiev, volodymr zelenskiy celebrated victory like any other politician. but if all the world's a stage, his act is unique. >> ( beanslated ): there wil no pathetic speeches. i just want to say thank you. >> reporter: the 41-year-old is a comedian whose only experience as a politiciaonis playing one v.ed he portr teacher who accidentally becomes ukraine's president after criticizing the government. s s character is so fed up with corruption, he shoe entire parliament. and now he's promising life will imitate art. he pledges to strip politicians and judges of immunity, and overhaul law enforcement. in a debate that looked more like a rock concert, he promiseo verturn a system that's long been run by rich oligarchs. >> ( translated ): i am not a politician, i am not a politician at all. i am just a person, an ordinary person who has come to break the system.

>> reporter: the system was already broken five years ago, nen the ukrainian revolut overthrew a corrupt and pro- ruian president. but the hopes of those days have largely been unfulfilled. ukraine is europe's second poorest and most corrupt country. voters lost faith in president petro poroshen, who last night accepted defeat d urged unity. >> ( translated ): i personally, and my entire team, is rdy to stand shoulder to shoulder with the president in all his decisions that benefit ukraine's national interests. >> reporter: one of ukraine's most impornt interests, is ending the war in eastern ukraine. on and off for fivn years, russiabacked separatists have fought ukrainian troops. and late last year, russia rammed a ukrainian ship in international waters, and detained ukrainian sailors. zelensky vows to maintai ukrainian sovereignty, as he told pbs newshour weekendpo special corrent simon ostrovesky during a tv taping.

>> ( translated ): we will do everything to make sure that vladimir putin never ends up at the helm of our country. no one has a real answer, how tt stop. all we can do is continue talks to achieve a cease-fire. >> reporter: that's a position the u.s. supports. >> well, i think what he's said about the conflict a approach is exactly right so far. he strongly supports ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity. ts to get the land back. he's not going to be giving that ary. it is necefor ukraine and russia to have direct discussions, so i think his s desire to speak to putin good thing, not a bad thing. 's reporter: kurt volker is the state departmentpecial representative to ukraine. he dismisses fears that an inexperienced actor could bete manipuby russian president vladimir putin. and he points out putin's lationship with poroshenko got so bad, maybe zelenskiy represents an opportunity. >> one hopes that this is, because it's a new president, just an opportunity for a fresh start at dialogue, although it's russia's position of invading and occupying territory that's at's needed to change.

but whether a candidate who is largely a blank slate can deliver that promised change, whether to corruption or russia, remains to be seen.t and to talk abat, i'm joined by matthew rojansky, director of the kennan institute at the woodrow wilson center here in washington. welcome to the "newshour". thank you very much. >> thanks, happy to be with you. let's start with where ambassador lker left off. could zelenskiy be an opportunity besee wants to meet with putin? >> at this point, opportunities are few and far between, to w not take anything that offers itself. >> reporter: i think zelenskiy has a few advantages going into a negotiation. number one, he has a mandate. it's hard to beat three-quarters of ukrainian voters. he can claim to represent what ukrainian wants. and even if you're negotiating with an thorntarian dictator

like vladimir putin, you can sar this is the ukrainian people, are you can't push me beyond that. i think it strengthens his hands. no love lost between putin -- yocan say, he's an oligarch. maybe i can roll him and do a little black pr, all the same stuff in the oldk.g.b. soet tray dismghts zen ski's message has been i'm aopen book, i don't do that. it's all out in public. i have a mandate. he simply said, i want to win the wanchts he's unteste unproven, never been ian negotiation with someone like vladimir putin. is there a fear someeone l putin could roll over him? >> there should be such a feemplet i think zelenskiy has concerns about what it's going to be like dwhen an does he sits

down with putin. that's critical. what does his team look we have indications, a list of ksmes, smart, experienced fo on the lists. if you look to his television show for sgiants, he trying to bring in a new generation as the president television, but he also relied on people who had earned the trust of the ukrainian people, people th real education, real expertise. so i expect he will do that as president. there's no compelling reason foo hito. the second dimension is support from the international communtoy. he is goinant to get early and frequent signs of support from the united states, from the e.u. and nate o. the signs are within the last 24 hours, he's likely to get that. he's gotten phonfe callor congratulations. ukraine remains high on th agenda for western countries. >> do you think ukraine voted for zelenskiy or anyone who could embody change? >> this was definitely a protest vote. it was zelenskiy or poroshenko.

by e timeu get to the second round, the numbers are overwhelming. it was not poroshenko, ie, zelenskiy. the guy is 41 years old, a communicating with people who did not come toage under the old k.g.b. dominated stem. so he understands the people a is a good communicator. but the reality is, and he said it in a famous debate a couple of days ago, he says, to pore sherchg o's face, he says i am not your opponent, i'm your sentence. this was a referendum on poroshenko and he failed it. >> he's promising to break tim is. can he break the system if he doesn't have parliament behind him? and, two, theystem is to endemically corrupt and influenced by russia so many so much since independence in the '90s.

>> breaking the system can mean a lot of things, it canean breaking it and rebuilding something great in its place. it can also meainn breit and making it worse than it is now. so it's terrible now andt a least it functions. ukraine always muddles through,e despite elevated expectations alwaysnt disapp. so he doesn't have a strong political party behind it. he has a big name ground, ground swell of support, transfer that into a year frm now whehe packs the parliament with his support sthoorkts underp ukraine's constitution, which gives free power to the parliament and to the ministers who come basically frm the parliament majority so he can actually do soething, that is a challenge of, you know, what the russian and the ukrainians call political technology. he does haven't a lot of that. he's got a tv show, name brand, and translating that will be his challenge in the next year. >> quickly, remind us, how important is ukraine to u.s. and russia relions?

how important has ukraine been and how impornt will zelenskiy be going forward? >> zelenskiy is symbolic of change coming from wiin ukraine. nobody from tot side, not russia or the nairkts produced zenskiy, and that's important that change that began within ukraine is tat trwhatiggered ultimately russia's invasion and the huge collapse of europeancu ty that has been the breaking point in u.s.-russia relations and thatushave kep apart for so long, with united states unable to engage with russia nuclear issues or anything important, if change with ukraine reopens an -- t couldof opportunity tha be big. >> matthew rojansky of the woodrow wilson center, thank you very mu. >> thank you. oc >> woodruff: dts are wrestling with how to respond to the mueller repo. while many say they want to investigate the report's

findings, some areushing farther-- for impeachment. to help us understand what's going on i'm joined by our own lisa desjardins. so, lisa, a lot is going on. >> yes. >> woodruff: the leadership of crthe demos, speaker nancy pelosi, called for a difference call today. sh tsaid ahe democratic members or most of them on the call with her, this stashrted a t time ago. why is she doing this? >> that's right. owall of congress is on spring break, they're not in washington. so nancy pelosi has tried to circle thes wagd call the conference call. this call began an hour ago, much longer than ethected. she dis call to give an update to her members about howr democratproceeding now that the mueller investigation report in redacted form has bee released. she's telling democrats, yes, a few of you would like to move to impeachment proceedings, all of you want further investigation, here is what we are dong as democrats going forward. she also took questions, whiche

is one ron i think the call going long. >> woodruff: you were telling earlier, after talking to a number of sources, the sense is she's doing this in order to head off some of this momentum and maybe growing momentum to do something stronger. >> that's right. i think the democratic leader right n remains resistant to the idea of beginningac iment proceedings. however, a handful of their members would like to move to impeachment proceedings. some called for impeachment proceedings before the muelleru report came i think this is preemptive action by speaker pleasey to gather everyone and move away from that kind oenf impeac plan too soon. they believe that could be s forically danger democrats and could backfire. >> woodruff: in the meante, we know they've already called for the special counsel, robert mueller himself, to come and testify. 're waiting to see if we does that. the expectation is he will, but

we don't know yet. today there is new subpoenaing someone on the white house staff. >> this is the news at the beginning to he the call, speaker pelosi and othersce annohouse judiciary committee is subpoenaing don mcghan. he was the white house counsel, appears a lot in the mueller report because he said to the special counsel that the president asked him to fire t special counsel. as we talked about last week, that is one of the mostre ous almost violations that mueller found in the report.ho noe democrats are subpoenaing don mcghan stto y in about a month. before that, judy, they want 36 different categories of documents from mr. mcghan whom we know kept notes, and we kidw the prt has a problem for the fact he kept notes. as for the president, all day he's been saying this is harassment, and republicans are pushing back at this subpoena. they say this is democratic overreach and many of these documents will be privileged and will not be able to to congress. >> woodruff: so we wait to

see. they will continue to work on these investigations but, at this point, holding off the ida of moving ahead in any way with impeachment. >> that's right. but may will be an extra set of innings in this investigation and will be very important. >> woodruff: lisa desjardins, covering the capital for us, thank you. >> you're welcome. >> woodruff: stay with us. coming up on the "news a photographer's journey in the arctic to capture the effects of climate change and an essay on how tragedies like the notre dame fire can inspire us to come 0 together in new ways but first, the 2mocrats hit the campaign trail this weekend, unveiling new policies and reacting to the mueller report. yamiche alicindor has the latest.at onday in new hampshire,

elizabeth warren said one word most other presidential candidares avoiding. >> i have called on the house to initiate imeachment proceedings. (cheers and applause) >> the massachusetts senator is the only 2020 candidate calling for president trump to be impeached. she is one of just a hdful of democrats supporting such a move. her announcement came after the public release of the mueller repo, it outlined the president's numerous attempts to block or insurance a special counsel investigation into potential ties betwe his 2016 campaign and russia. while the probe did not fin outright conspiracy, it did not exonerate mr. trump on the matter of obstruction. >> we cannot be an america that says it is okay for a president of the united states to try to block investigations into a foreign attack on our country or investigations into that president's own misbehavior. >> juliaán castro said the

mueller report could be a road map for impeachment.hi >> i it would be perfectly reasonable for congress to open up those proceedings. >> in london dare, new hampshire, saturday, mayor pete buttigieg. >> ihink he deserves to be impeached. >> booker vocationed on issues like his affordable housing bill. >> that will increase demand and supply of housing. >> congressman gabbard said the report largely cleared mr. trump's name and it's time to move on.us >> the conn from the mueller report is no collusion took place. i'm running for president now. i don't think we should defeat donald trump through impeachment. >> i'm here to tell you and america that i'm running for president of the united states. >> seth moulton is the latest presidential bid, a three-term representative of the boto suburbs and a marine in the iraq wal-mart his take on

impeachment, theveebate should tarted a long time ago. >> i don't think it's a right time to have a vote on impeachment till weall the evidence out there, but we should have this debate and should have had it starting last >> a campaign aide told the "newshour" the campaign will stay focused on rolling out policies and detailed a policy proposal to outlined her plan to cancel student debt. it imp $ac5 million student debt crisis. it scansled debt for about 42 million americans and invested in debt-free college, estimated cost $1.25 triion over a decade proposed by warren -- paid for by warren's proposed tx. one more high-profiled candidate is expected, reported former vice president and long-me delaware senator joe biden will

announce his candidacy wednesday. for t pbs "newshour", i'm yamiche alcindor. >>f: >> woodrnd that brings us to politics monday with amy walter of the cook political rert and host of "politics with amy walter" on wnyc radio. and tamara keith of npr. she co-hosts "nppolitics." politics. hello to both of you. el's "politics monday." there was the mr report, tam, what was released last weekll people are salking about it, as we just heard, but not most of the democratic candidates in terms of wanting to move on and do sei-automatic it, going so far as to want ttho removepresident to impeachment. elizabeth warren is the exception, but how do you account for the collection of reaction that we're seeing among the democrats? >> and elizabeth warren quickly posal.on to her policy pro she immediately returned to sort of vintage elizabeth warren. so i think what you have is a lot democratic candidates who

are not hearing as much on the campaign trail from democratic voters about impeachment as they are hearing about other things and voters wanting them to talk about issues, and, so, that is what they're doing. and then you get to congress where they are trying to figure out how to do this without seeming like it is ovely political process. so democrats are -- and led by indianapolis o -- nancy pelosi n this are saying we'rgoing to keep investigating. several said we don't want president trump to get away with this or feel e he has a blank check, but they don't want to use the word impeachment, nancy pelosi doesn't want to launch impeachment proceedings. she said you can do a lot of things short of that and get the information. >> it feels like a slow-moving

mueller 2.0 report we're doing. so the house is going to call up the attorney general, obviously subpoenaing don mcghan, and bringing up bob mueller, and the theory is maybe one of them will have this moment during the questiong that will change th tone of the debate. unless or until that happens, d and i realn't expect that anything that comes from those hearings is going to change perceptions of the report of the president of this investigation. i think this is sort of where we sit. but we don't know. but in the meantime, we've got the presidential cadidates which yamiche was reporting on, tam, out there saying the voters are t askinme about it. >> that's right. >> woodruff: many of them. some of them clearly are. and, so, i'm not calling for impeachment, and that's why we talk about elizabeth. why do we ink thais? one of the theories you are

hearing isuchere was so reporting on this the last two years that people feel they've heard most of this already. >> imagine if the mueller report came out and we learned about the trump tower meeting for the first time that donald trump, jr. and paul manafort and jared kushner had with russians offering dirt on hillary clinton, that would have been stunning. in fact, it was stunning about a yea and a half ago when he first learned about it and those documents and those e-mails. so this has been trickling out slowly, which, in some ways, sort of takes the -- it sort of inoculated the prsident, because it was this very slow dribbling out of some ver embarrassing orth orwise not good informaon about things that happened during the campaign and since then. >> i think that's extly how that happened, and it's why opinions of this president really just hav not moed, even as this material comes out, i think baked into the cake is the opinion about how you the president conducting himself in

office. remarkably, th's the only president who's never hit 50 in any gallup poll in approval rating. if spent any -- haven't spent any time above water as far as approval ratings. just a question ato how close he is to 45 or 46% or how close he is to the lower 40s. when bad stu comes out, you will probably see his numbers go backo high 30s, low 40s, something else good r them, goes back up. >> a very narrow range ever since he won. >> ever since he won. >> woodruff: sure. in other words, it's not that there's not damaging information in the mueller report, it's people have been hearing about it the wleime. let's talk about a couple of, thinth moulton, congressman from massachusetts announces he'rs unning. do we have a sense of how he fits into the picture of 1or 20 in there?

>> he seems to be cut from a standard democratic candidate. you know, gun control, climatege chhis listed issues, the things that he talks about are very much down the line, mi of the road democratic ideas. what he is offering, he says, is a new generation of leadership, a similar idea to wh you would hear from a pete buttigieg or a beto o'ro >> he's crowded in that lane. the other thing interesting about seth moulton, he like ryan who announced he running for president, they are two people who tried unsuccessfully to break into the ranks of leership, tim ryan challenged -- officially challenged nancy pelosi when she was the minority leader. seth moulton talked about it. he was one of the folks urging somewilson to run.bo they werh unsuccessful at that. and so it's pretty clear the options in the house are pretty capped out. young, ambitious, why not throw

s.ur hat in the ring for thi you won't ring the nomination, but if you do a od enough job, maybe you go into dammic ministration. certainly opens opportunities politically than they have in the house.dr >> wf: maybe they're running forking? other. tam, elizabeth warren talking about student debt, she's basilly talking about canceling student debt up to a big number, i think it's $500,000, and she's got a plan to pay for it with a tax. >> and that tax is doing a lot of mevive heavy lifting because it's also payin paying paying fl chairkd an other things she's talked about. she's a former law professor who taught bankruptcy law, d one thing about bankruptcy law, stent loans are oe debt that's really hard to shed, even in bankruptcy, so she is keying in on something that is a rea point of pain for a lot of people, though this is certainly

something that a candidate, president trump, ould say thatocialism, you're taking money from many and giving it others. >> woodruff: appealing to younger voters? >> we know this is something bernie sanders has been talk out on thecampaign trail. he probably argued i have been omtalk about this quite time that was my brand as well as medicare for all. it's fascinating watching the primary now. we have this group like iebe sanders, elizabeth warren, who are kind of the revolutionari here that we want to make big structural change versus the folks who just want reform but not as what some people wou call radical or real significant change. but either way, bernie sanders has sort of set the table on so many levels in this prmary on policy, on some of the unwritten rules as well, where you can raise money, getting it from low-dollaronors instead of big

donors. those are the things he's helped to set the ground rules, and they tbint him tremendously. >> woodruff: and pushing the party to the left on many of these issues. >> and this goes even further than bernie sanders free public college, this is writing off debt that already exist >> woodruff: tamera keith, amy walter, "politics monday," thank you. >> you'rwelcome. >> woodruff: as we reported earlier, security ofs in sri lanka say a local radical islamist gup appears to be behind this weekend's attacks. government officials also were warned weeks earlier about possible violence in the country. the latest tragedy brings a focus once again on the question of how the u.s. and other countriecan anticipate and counter global extremism over the long haul. amna nawaz has a conversation about this very subject for our latest installment of the newshour "bookshelf." >> reporter: despite billis of

dollars spent on fighting terrorism, post 9/11 the threat has evolved and shifted into something that experts agree can no longer be addressed using farah pandith was the first-ever u.s. special representative to muslim communities-- she served under both presidents george w. baand h.w. bush and barack. she also worked for secretaries of stateondoleezza rice, hillary clinton and john kerry. she is nowut with a new book "how we win," drawing upon her time at the national security counl and department of stat and her experience visiting over 80 countries in those roles. in her book, she breaks down the evolution of the current threatu hocurrent policies further inflame it, and outlines a strategy to keep us safe. farah pandith joins me now. she joins me in the studio now.t welcome "newshour". >> thank you. i want to ask about the physical battle o extremism.

you talk about the online battle where a lot of people first come to contact with those ideologies. you talk about using former extremists in that capacity. how do we do that? >> let's actually remember what the threat is. it's young people under the age of 30 who are lured into armies, aiether it's al or the so-called islamic state, because they're having a crisis f identity. and in order for them to navigate through that identity, estions aboutg q who they are and how they express this identity. the bad guyare providing answers for them that tell them stories about how to be a more authentic muslim. so how do you debunk that? how do you get and disrupt their thinking? one of the ways to do that is to bring people who are former extremists front and center sohe it'srue story of what they experienced and how they got radicalized become the thing the young people see and here. >> so a lot of the conversations are happening online and a lot offto the pltforms gather data

on us. you write about that in the ok. they say the algoritics used to sell jeans can be used to brng new ideas forward or counter some of those ideas. so what do the tech companies say about that? do they think that's their responsibilities? >> we know these companies have a lot of data on us. w whthink about what we have to do to make sure there are as many antibodies in the system to debunk an us vertsus them, i needs to happen around the cultural listening line. so technoo gy companies have a very strong role to play in neat's happening in the onli space, but nothing happens in the online space without it happening in th off-lynn space as well. >> what about in the news media. you talk about comprehensive strategy. do you think of the way we change and talk about terrorism? >> we know our words matter. we know the media does enforce a particular way of thiing about things. we have to be specific about who is a terorist, what does a terrorist act, how we talk about

kinds of terrorist organizations and how they move the mind towards radicalization, that takes a lot of very careful, very particular phraseology, and you should be very diligent in how we use it. >> you also advocate for amp hensive strategy. is there an example you can point towards, some other kind of comprehensive strategy like this, where it'sr woked? >> when you want somebody to learn how to recycle, you cannot just have one ad on tv, just say let's recycle and this is how you do it you have to make sure that, all day every day, they're seeing signals in a society that says this is how you recycle, this is what we cycling is all about, south in schools, it's on billboards, it is very similar, when you're trying tobunk haircuts when you're trying to debunk an us versus them, th signals within a community at a local level, even at a household level really matters as towhat it is we're trying to enforce.

we cannot allow the riseof hat to continue the wait has and what we're seeing right now around the world ea an incr of hate not a decrease. >> you write extremism would not be the pervasive threat it is had it not had a patron awash in trillions of dollars of oil wells.at that is not wwe hear about saudi arabia from our own government. where isthe disconnect? >> i travel to nearly 100 countries around theorld and in every single country i went to, there was a connectivity diound cultural heritage, around defamation of rsity of islam, there was a very strong force in how people were learning about their religion and if it was a diverse religion or monolith. the tactics were training of imams, specific textbooks taking place, all of these things were paf othe system that is underlining extremism, and if you understand when all those

things are happening and you ask yourself how and why does it happen and you go back and trace where it happens, you stheet saudi arabia has played a very specific role over decades. there is no need for ourld rs to go in other parts to have the world and fight wars built on an us versus them ideology that extremist groups use built on the foundation of whathey were learning from the tactics that saudi arabia has put in place. >> when we talkbout extremism, i would be remiss if i didn't mentthn another growingreat in the states and around the world, most recently in new zealand, and that has been from white supremacists. do the strategies you lay out is this addhis? >> yes. everything we know that happens to a young person about identity and belonging starts at a local level. things are not only top-down, they're bottom-up. so when we look at solutions, we have to think about what peer

friendly narratives and what they do to each other is disrupted. so in that way, it's very milar. we have to be careful not to suggest every type of extremism is the same andhaalso we ve to be careful to understand it's not just one silver bulle that's going to fix everything. we need many different types of approaches in the offlineand in the online space, and here's the most important part. the one thing that we can do togeth to agree as humans that we have to decrease hate,at and threquires not just citizens to s.a.t. and conn demn ity form that it takes place, it requires the government needs to put money behind this ideologic war in the kind of way that we put money behind the physical war. if you dont have people who are recruited to these kinds of groups, they don't have armies tot.igh >> the book is "how we win." the author the farah pandith. thank you very much for being

here. >> thank you very much. >>hoodruff: now, on this ea day, an unusual story about arctic melting.r people hadlines about what is happening, but few are able to see up close what that looks like. jeffrey brown went tin, texas recently to view a special photography exhibit which makes the notion of climate change very real. the story is part of our ongoing arts and culture serieor canvas. >> rr: a crashing block of ice. a piece of art that s intended to grab attention and bring home the impact of climate change. photographer and documentary filmmaker louie palu chose an unusual way to present a few of the 150,000 photos he took over three yes in the arctic, while on assignment for national geographic-- embedding them in

ice and creating a sculpturalsi installation o the harry ransom center-- the famed library, archive and museum at the university of texas. passersby were encouraged to look and, if they wanted, to touch. >> i aspire to make art that shifts your consousness. people are coming here, watching nature take its course and they're looking at something and they're engaging with it. >> reporter: palu titled the whoject "arctic passage," intended to captur he calls a "new geopolitical cold war" as melting ice opens up previously concealed waterways and nations and corporate interests battle for influence and natural resources. >> i went on arip in 2015 and i followed a military unit and they were preparing ofr this vast l everything of unknowns. some were just search and rescue. so were related to climate itchange, some were communy level security. i started seeing soldiers

transitioning to sort of like a northern arctic command. i felt like this needed mo investigation. >> reporter: palu first made his name as a war photographer in afghanistan. several of those works were on display inside. >> i like to be always be close. i think it's about human experience. i think my role in the world is to put a face to statistics and mbers. those are great tools to learn about the world, but i'm talking to you. you're a human being. >> reporter: in the arctic cphotos, palu is again uplose, transporting us to some of the most inaccessible places on earth to look into the eyes of indigenous people coith a changing landscape. ha>> these are real peoplei met up there that live in a place that is defined by ice. and the vanishing ice is going to change the way whether it's water rising or the temperature changing because the arctic in some ways is kind of like the air conditioner of t.so so we may not feel this right now like they are, but

it's coming. people who have been hunting for centuries in the same way or fishing or living on the land or from the lend are telling stories of great change. things are not like they used to be. >> reporter: the project drew inspiration from the tragic story of the "franklin expedition," an 1845 british effort to find a northwest passage across the arctic. the two ships antheir crews vanished. palu imagined photosaken tring the voyage now encased in blocks of ice athe bottom of the arctic ocean. he himself suffered bone- chilling pain and scratched corneas from ice crusting over his eyelashes while working in the arctic. for the project, for which he partnered with a texas icemakerd and then it pl out at austin's annual south by southwest festival. set up in the mornin the ice blocks reacted to the elements-- sun and wind-- throuthe

day. >> it should be in the middle of i think humanity is in a point of transition. i think we'll ke it. i think the human being is smart enough. >> part of me wishes it was in he middle of the street. that way, itll interrupt the space. it's in the middle of your everyday activity and i have to look at this and maybe it will evoke the urgency the situation calls for. eporter: by late afternoon, the blocks had dissolved to small chunks of ice and water. the photographs ultimately crumpled to the ground just as planned.ne >>f the greatest tools of the many of journalism, or as visual artist, is to try and have people feel that empathy. like, "my god, what are happening to the people who live up there? what's gonna happen to us? what's gonna happen to rest of the planet up there that might affect us?" and putting yourself in other people's shoes. and i think that that is, for

me, one of t greatest lessons of all of this. >> reporter: much more of louie palu's arctic photography will appear this fall in "national geographic." for the pbs newshour, i'm jeffrey brown at the south by southwest festivaln austin, texas. woodruff: protestors took to the streets of paris and other french cities this weekend, asking why billionaires and the government have rushed to the aid of not dame, while ignoring the millions of people who are being squeezed economically. inco inequaly is just one issue that may gain momentum in the aftermath of the fire. stéphane gerson is the english-g ge editor of "france in the world: a new global history." in his humble opinion, the fire that ravaged notre dame should force us to take a look at our

other human-made crises. >> this past monday, my son sent me a text that redot simply dame. i didn't know what he meant. so he wrote again, it's on fire, terrible. i turned on the tv and saw the cathedral burn, the spire collapse, the of crash don. i watched parians and others cry. for a while i thought of a moment in french history that involved a cathedral. 1287, the may sons of nre dame traveling across europe to show their exceence in stone cutting, or august 1944, charles de gaulle coming under sniper fire in notre dame. this is what historians do in moments like these, we go to favments but th night i thought about our president and future. we are hrrified beuse notre dame is the most point yent of this age of ourof climate change and mass displacement

that nothing se term. hasn't notre dame always been with us? hasn't itways stood strong, stone rissking into thees, tower standing guard, its spire inviting us im for something higher? monuments such as these are collective heritage. the cathedral is eternaand instructible. we are eternal and instructible. but, no, d look, notme is burning. the spire is collapsing. the roof is crashing down. unless it is our roof, the allective roof that is shing down. a century ago exactly in 1919, the writer reflected on the massive destruction signs that wrought during world war i. we civilizations, he wrote, now note that we are mortal. he was telling us that our civilization can precipitate its oing.nd his warning is not mere history. we watchedthe edral burn and, though we know thatan

cathedralse rebuilt, we feel something deeper. could it be the premonition that so disasters, some fires are so incandescent that nothingin reafterwards, not even civilization? there is a theory thadit sasters can shake the status quo, but suspending the usual order, bya displaying itsures that can open up new solidarities and maybe, in th case, collective responses through environmental destruction and forced migration. the emotions we experiencebe re a shared ordeal, shock and sorrow, empathy emerge ine ment, can bring us together around a vision of the common gd. i have been skeptical about this theory in the past, that the otion that we felt watching the cathedral burn, the emo we felt imagining our world burning, this emotion that allows to overt for destruction, to work together towards a different future, not only for the cathedral but also for human

civilization, notre dame, it's on fire, terrible. as i reread my son's texts, i have to hope that this time will be different. >> woodruff: french historian steéphane gerson. online, on this earth day, meet a ecologist who studies a pond flea that could hold values for huge health. that on our web siteor pbnewshour. later this evening on pbs, independent lens presents a film about life during a olent three-year stretch in baltimore. "charm city" offers a portrait of neighbors, police, citizens, community leaders anrnment officials all trying to improve the quality of life in their neighborhoods. one community leader, known as "mr. c", tries to help stem the epidemic of violence by talkingy to some of tnger residents. >> if your mom says, look, that

somebody could come up and killed your son in front of you, that you don't say nothi because you ain't no snitch, okay, i don't understand your definition. all right? how can you call yoursf a man and you let somebody kill at child in frof you and you act like you don't see it? how can you live with yourself? it's not going to happen in front of me. i'm telling you, where is the love? it's time to say something to y'all, man. this craziness got to stop! meet in the john, fellas. >> woodruff: "charm city" airs later tonight on most pbs statio. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us on-line and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and see you soon.

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>> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you.u. thank captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org >> you're watching pbs.

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