captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening.oo i'm judyuff. on the "newshour" tonight, an easter massacre. suicide attacks kill nearly 300 in sri lanka amid signs that security forces missed early rnings about the little known terror group behind the plot. then, a democratic divide over how to handle the mueller report.da our politics mteam on the road ahead. plus, when art meets science-- a photographer's journey to capture how climate change is forever changing the arctic. cl>> i like to be always be. i think it's about human experience. i thinmy role in the world is to put a face to statistics and numbers. >> woodruff: all that and more on tonight's "pbs newshour." f

>> major fundingor the pbs newshour has been provided by: ♪ ♪ mong our economy for 160 years. bnsf, the engine that connects us. >> babbel. a language app that teacs real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. 's 10-15 minute lessons are available as an app, or online. more information on babbel.com.

>> consumer cellular. >> financial services firm raymond james. >> the william and flora hewlett foundation. for more than 50vaears, ing ideas and supporting institutions to promote a better world. at www.hewlett.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: sri lanka is unr

a national emergency tonight after a wave of suicide bombings hit on easter sunday. the attacks killed 290 people, including four amerins and 35 other foreigners. the indian ocean nation remained tense today, as police worked to disarm additional bombs, and some of them went off. ( explosion ) >> reporter: a parked van-- with three bombs inside-- explodes today near the colombo waterfront. no was one hurt, but it ndpunctuated the easter suay attacks that left christian woinhippers shaken and griev >> ( translated ): i heard the explosion and then the roof fell on us. we took thchildren and ran out from the rear door. but when i came to the hospital i saw my brother-in-law and son on the ground. had comeuff: people wh to celebrate their faith's holiest day, struggled to help the wounded. bricks crumbled to the ground in pools of blood, and inside st.

sebastian's catholic church, blood stained the statue of jesus. today mothers prepared to bury chs dren. and so mourning surrounded caskets. outside of st. anthony's church, grief brought onlookers to their knees. the suicide bombings at three leurches and three luxury hotels were the worst ve in sri lanka since a long civil war between majority sinhalese and ethnic tamils ended a decade ago. and it left a country asking "why?" bhavani fonseka works at the "center for policy alternatives" in colombo. >> this is unprecedented in sri lanka, i think that needs to bey very cletated that in the past sri lanka has gone through decades of violence. the war was very much, very brutal, it came to a very brutal end ten years ago. but when certain incidents

happened, there was responsibility claimed. >> woodruff: the government blamed a little-known, local jihadist group, "national thowheed jamath," saying six suicide bombers perpetrated the attacks. police arrestemultiple suspects, and the prime minister vowed a swift response. >> ( translated ): in the attacks that took place in the country today. >> woodruff: sri lan's president declared an emergency and gave the military sweeping authority. the government also blocked social media platforms, in an effort to stop what it called "false news reports." amarnath amarasingam is from sri lanka, and works with the "institute for strategic dialogue", in tonto.

>> the government took a kind of immediate approach, thonly way they knew how, to try to prevent some kind of anti-muslim violence on the ground. i lankan officials also confirmed today they had multiple warnings of terror threat as early as april 4. after all, as a government, we take-- we are responsible for all that wheer we are we are we know the situation or not know the situation that's a different matter. anyway we ar aresponsible. boery sorry and we apologize to eve. >> woodruff: christians make up less than 10% of the country's population, which is largely buddhist, with hindu and muslim minorities but attacks on christians in sri lanka have been relatively rare. >> that was quite shocking to nnsee not only this much pg and coordination, but the fact that that much planning and coordination went into targeting christians, which has never happened before.oo >> wuff: two muslim groups od sri lanka condemned the church attacksay. and president trump spe with

the prime minister and pledged support, including f.b.i. sistance with the investigation. in the day's other news: npresident trump said he worried about impeachment-- not even a little bit, as he put it. some democrats are pushing to begin impeachment proceedings, based on theueller report. the report also indicated that aides often ignore the president's directives, but he insisted today, "nobody disobeys my orders."ho the judiciary committee subpoenaed one of the aides, former white house council don mcghan. the rport says mcdaused to fire the special counsel in 2017. meanwhile, the president and the trump organization sued to block another subpoena, this one for their financialor rec. in turn, the house

in turn, the house oversight committee chair-- democrat elijah cummings-- accused the white house of what he called "unprecedented stonewalling". five key nations tt buy iranian oil will lose their exemptions from u.s. sanctions. china, india, japan, south korea and turkey must halt thean n oil imports by may face penalties. secretary of state tike pompeo saay the goal remains to deprive iran's regime ofue critical revy cutting off all its oil sales. >> we're going to zero. t how long we remain therero depends solely on the islamic republic iran's senior leaders. we've made our demands very clear to the ayatollah and his cronies: end your pursuit of nuclear weapons, stop testing and proliferating ballistic missiles, stop sponsoring and committing terrorism, halt the arbitrary detention of u.s. citizens. >> wdruff: the sanctions announcement sent oil prices surging to their highest levels

since october. but the administration said it will work with saudi arabia and the united arab emirates to ensure the oil market is stable. representative seth moulton of massachusetts is the newest democrat in the 2020 presidential race. the 40-year-old marine veteran announced today.ar hered attention last year when he sought to oust nancy pelosi as leader of house democrats. we'll have a report from thegn camprail, later in the program. u.s. supreme court will consider whether lesbians, gays bisexuals and transsex covered by federal law against x discrimination. the court today accepted a case to be argu i this fall. ue is whether the 1964 civil rights act extends topl l.g.b.t. p federal appeals courts have ruled that it does. the latest numbers are in, and

two major entitlement programs are still going broke. program trustees reported today that medicare will be insolvent by 2026-- unchanged from last year estimate. necial security will run dry by 2035--ear later than the last estimate. in economic news, herman cain withdrew today from consideration for the federal reserve board.ed he fuestions about sexual harassment allegations, and his qualifications for the fed. meanwhile, on wall street, the dow jones industrial average lost 48 points to close at 26,511. the nasdaq rose 17 points. and the s&p 500 added about thre and some 30,000 children and parents gathered on the ite house lawn today for the annual easter egg roll.ma the in event-- as always-- was the race to roll hard-boiled

eggs across the grounds. the white house tradition dates back to 1878. still to come on the "newshour," a tv comedian wins t election for president of ukraine, next steps for congress after the mueller report, our politics monday team on the 202 for the white house and ore. >> woodruff: a political isrthquake took place in ukraine weekend. the country is fighting the only active car euinope against russian-backed separatists. it is struggling with corruption and with poverty. on sunday, an electorate, sick of the stas quo, voted overwhelmingly for a polittial st to be its next

nick schifrin has the story. >> reporter: last night in kiev, volodymr zelenskiy celebrated victory like any oth politician. but if all the world's a stage,i act is unique. >> ( translated ): there will be ay pathetic speeches. i just want to shank you. >> reporter: the 41-year-old is a comedian whose only experience as a politician is playing one on tv. he portrayed a teacher who accidentally becomes ukraine's president after criticizing the government. his character is so fed up with corruption parliament.he entire and now he's promising life will imit pe art. dges to strip politicians and judges of immunity, and overhaul law enforcement.th in a debat looked more emke a rock concert, he promised to overturn a syhat's long been run by rich oligarchs. >> ( translated m not a politician, i am not a politician at all. i am just a person, an ordinarom person who he to break the system.

>> reporter: the systes already broken five years ago, when the ukrainian rolution overthrew a corrupt and pro- russian president. but the hopes of those days have largely been unfulfilled. ukraine is europe's second poorest and most corrupt voters lost faith in president petro poroshenko, who last night accepted defeat and urged unity. >> ( trslated ): i personall and my entire team, is ready to stand shoulder to shoulder with the president in all his decisions that benefit ukraine's uktional interests. >> reporter: one oine's most important interests, is ending the war in eastern ukraine. on and off for five years, russian backed separatists have fought ukrainian troops. and la last year, russia rammed a ukrainian ship in international waters, and detained ukrainian sailors. zelensky vows to maintain ukrainian sovereignty, as he told pbs newshour weekend spec ostrovesky during a tv taping.>> translated ): we will do everything to make sure that

vladimir putin never ends up at the helm of our country. no one has a real answer, how to stop putin. all we can do is continue talks to achieve a cease-fire. >> reporter: that's a position the u.s. supports. >> well, i think what he's said about the colict and his approach is exactly right so far. he strongly supports ukraine'sy sovereigd territorial integrity. he wants to get the land back. he's not going to be giving that way. it is necessary for ukraine and russia to have direct discussions, so i think his desire to speak putin is a good thing, not a bad thing. >> reporter: kurt volker is the state dertment's special representative to ukraine. he dismisses fears that an inexperienced actor could be simanipulated by russian pnt vladimir putin. and he points out putin'sh relationship wroshenko got so bad, maybe zelenskiy represents an opportunity. >> one hopes that this is, because it's a new president, just an opportunitarfor a fresh at dialogue, although it's russia's posion of invading and occupying territory that's what's needed to change. but whether a candidate who is

largely a blank slate can deliver that promised change, whether to corruption or russia, remains to be seen. and toalk about that, i'm joined by matthew rojansky, director of the kennan institute at the woodrow wilson center here in washington. welcome to the "newshour". thank you very much. thanks, happy to be wih you. let's start with where ambassador volker left off. could zelenskiy be an opportunity because he wants to meet with putin? >> at this point, opportunities are few and far between, to why not take anything that offers itse. >> reporter: i think zelenskiy has a few advantages goting ino a negotiation. number one, he has a mandate. it's hd to beat three-quarters of ukrainian voters. he can claim to represent what ukrainian wants. and even you're negotiating with an thorntarian dictator like vladimir putin, you can say

is is where th ukrainian people, are you can't push me beyond that. i think itr gthens his hands. no love lost between putin -- you can say, he's an oligarch. maybe i can roll him and do a little black pr, all the same stuff in the old k.g.b. soviet tray dismghts zen ski's message has been i'm an openbook, i don't do that. it's all out in public. i have a mandate. he simply said, i want to winht the wahe's untested, nnproven, never been in a negotiation with someone like vladimir putin. is there a fear someone like putin could roll over him? >> there should be such a emplet i think zelenskiy has concerns about what it's going to be like wheand does he sits down with putin. 's critical. what does his team look like? we have indications, a list of

names, smart, experienced folks on the lists. if you look to his television show for gias, he was trying to bring in a new generation as the president on telutevision, he also relied on people who had earned the trust of the ukrainian people, people with real educion, real expertise. so i expect he will do that as president. there's no compelling reason for him not to. the second dimension is support from the inational community. he is going to want to get early and frequent signs of support from the united statfres, om the e.u. and nate o. the signs are within the st 24 hours, he's likely to get that. he's gotten phone calls for congratulations. ukraine remains high on the agenda for western countries. >> do you think ukraine voted for zelenskiy or anyone who could embody change? t s was definitely a protest vote. it was zelenskiy or poroshenko. by the time you geto the second round, the numbers are.

overwhelmi it was not porosnko, ie, zelenskiy. the guy is 41 years old, aco unicating with people who did not come to age under the old k.g. dominated system. so he understands the people ans good communicator. but the reality is, and he said it in a famous debate a coeu of days ago, he says, to pore i amhg o's face, he says not your opponent, i'm your sentence. this w a referendum on poroshenko and he failed it.si >> he's pro to break tim is. can he break the system if hedo n't have parliament behind him? and, two, the system is to endemically corrupt and r influenced bussia so many so much since independence in the '90s. >> breaking the systecan mean a lot of things, it can mean breaking it and rebuilding

something great in its place. it can also mean breaking it and making it worse than it is now. so it's terrible now and least it functions. ukraine always muddles through, lespite the evated expectations always sodisappointed. e doesn't have a strong political party behind it. he has a big name ground, groun sw support, transfer that into a year from now when he packs the parliament with his support sthoorkts underpe' ukraconstitution, which gives free power to the parliament and to the ministers who come basicly froe parliament majority so he can actually do something, that isa challenge of, you know, what the russian and the ukrainis call political technology. he does haven't a lot of that. t he's gotshow, name brand, and translating that will be his challenge in the next year. >> quickly, remind us, how important is ukraine to u.s. and russiarelations? how important has ukraine been and how important will zelenskiy

be going forward? >> zelenskiy is symbolic of change coming from within ukraine. nobody from tot side, not russia or the nairkts produced zelenskiy, and that's important that change that began within ukraine is tat erwhat tri ultimately russia's invasion and the huge collapse of european security that has been the breaking point in u.s.-russia relations and that have kept us apart for so long, with united states unable to engage with ssia on nuclear issues or anything important, if change with ukraine reopens an -- window of opportunity that could be big. >> matthew rojansky of the woodrow wilson center, thank you very much. >> thank you. >> woouff: democrats are wrestling with how to respond to the mueller report. while many say they want to investigate the report's findings, some are pushingrt r-- for impeachment. to help us understand what's going on i'm joined by our own

lisa desjardins. so, lisa, a lo is going on. >> yes. >> woodruff: the leadership of the democrats, speaker nancy pelosi, called for a difference call today. she said all thmocratic members or most of them on the call with her, this started a short time ago. why is she doing this? >> that's right. owall of congress is on spring break, they're not in washington. so nancy pelosi has tried to circle the wagons and call the conferenceall. is call began an hour ago, much longer than expected. le did this cato give an update to her members about how deedcrats are prog now that the mueller investigation neport in redacted form has bee released. she's telling democrats, yes, a few of you would like to move to impeachment proceedings, all of you want further investigation, here is what we are doing as democrats going forward. shs,also took questihich ng one reason i think the call going >> woodruff: you were telling

earlier, after talking to a number of sources, the sense is she's doing this in order to head off some of this momentum and maybe growing momentum to do something stronger. >> that's right. i think the democratic leader right now remains resistant to the idea of beginning impeachment proceedings. however, a handful of their members would like to move to impeachment proceedings. some called for impeachment proceedings before the mueller reporti ame out. ink this is preemptive action by speaker pleasey to gather everyone and move away from that kind of imachment plan too soon. they believe that could be politically dangerous for democrats and could backfire. >> woodruff: in the meantime, we know they've already called for the special counsel, robert mueller himself, to come and tistify. we're wai to see if we does that. the expectation is he will, but we don know yet. today there is news that werem

subpoenaing ne on the white house staff. >> this is the news at the beginning to have the call, speaker pelosi and others announced house judiciary committee is subpoenaing don mcghan.it he was the house counsel, appears a lot in the mueller report because he said to the special counsel that the president asked him to fire tiae sp counsel. as we talked about last week, that is one of the most egregious almost violations that mueller found in the report. now house democrats are subpoenaing don mcghan to testify in about a month. before that, judy w, thnt 36 different categories of documents from mr. mcghan whom we know kept notes, and we know the president has a problem for the fact he kepnotes. as for the president, all day he's been sayg is is harassment, and republicans are pushing back at this subpoena. they say this is democratic overreach and many of these documents will be privileged and will not be able to go to congress. >> woodruff: so we wait to see. they will continue to work on these investigations at

this point, holding off the idea of moving ahead in any y with impeachment. >> that's right. but may will be an extra set of innings in this investigation and will be very importantu >> woo: lisa desjardins, covering the capital for us, thank you. >> you're welcome. >> woodruff: stay with us. coming up on t "newshour," a photographer's journey in the arctic to capture the effects of climate change and an essay on how tragedies like the notre dame fire can inspire us to come to together in new ways but first, the 2020 democrats hit the campaign trail thisek d, unveiling new policies and reacting to the mueller report. yamiche alicindor has the latest. on saturday in new hampshire, elizabeth warren said one word most other presidential candidates are avoiding.

>> i have called on the house to initiate impeachment proceedings. (cheers and applssse) >> the mhusetts senator is the only 2020 candidate calling for president trump to bed. impeac she is one of just a handful of democrats supporting such a move. her announcement came after the public release of the mueller report, it outlinedhe president's numerous attempts to block or insurance a special counsel investigation into potential ties between his 2016 campaign and russia. while the probe did not find outright conspiracy, it did not exonerate mr. trump on the matter o obtruction. >> we cannot be an america that says it is okay for a presidente of the ustates to try to block investigations into a foreign attack on our country or investigations into that president's own misbehavior. >> juliaán castro said the mueller report could be a road map for impeachment.

>> i think it would be perfectly reasonable for congress to open up those>>roceedings. in london dare,ne hampshire, saturday, mayor pete buttigieg. >> i think he deserves to be impeached. >> booker vocationed on issues like his affordable housing bill. >> that will increase demand any suf housing. >> congressman gabbard said the report largely cleared mr. trump's name and it's time to move on. >> mueller report is no collusion took place. i'm running for president now. i don't think should defeat donald trump through impeachment. >> i'm here to tell you and america tht i'm running for president of the united states. >> seth mouln is the latest presidential bid, a hree-term representative of the boston suburbs and a marine in the iraq wal-mart his take on tpeachment, the debate should have started a lome ago. >> i don't think it's a right time to have a vote on

impeachment ll we get all the evidence out there, but we should have this debate and should have had it starting last year.pa >> a can aide told the "newshour" the campaign wi f stcused on rolling out policies and detailed a policy proposal to outlineder plan to cancel most student debt. it impacts $1.5 million studenti debt s. it scansled debt for about 42 million americans andst in in debt-free college, estimated cost $1.25 trillioner ova decade proposed by warren -- paid for by warren's proposed tax. one more high-profiled candida is expected, reported former rece president and long-time delaenator joe biden will announce his candidacy wednesday. for the pbs "newshour", i'mdo

yamiche alc >> >> woodruff: and that brings us to politics monday with amy walter of the cook polical report and host of "politics with amy walter" on wnyc radio. and tamara keith of npr. she co-hosts "npr politics.". politi hello to both of you. it's "politics monday." there wathe muellereport, tam, what was released last week. are still talking about it, as we just heard, but not most of the democratic ndidates in terms of wanting to move on and do semi-automatic it, going so far as to want to remove the president to impeh hment. elizabrren is the exception, but how do you account for the collection of reaction that we're seeing among the democrats? >> and elizabeth warren quickly moved on to her policy proposali she imely returned to sort of vintage elizabeth warren. so i think what you have is a lot of democratic candidates wh are nothearing as much on the campaign trail from democratic voters about impeachment as they

are hearing about other things and voters wanting them to talk about issues, and, so, that is what they're doing. and then you get to congress where they are trying to figure w to do this without seeming like it is overtly political process. so democrats are -- anded by indianapolis o -- nancy pelosi n this are saying we're going to keep investigating. several said we don't wan esident trump to get away with this or feel like he has a blank check, but they don't want to w use thd impeachment, nancy pelosi doesn't want to launch impeachment proceedings. shsaid you can do a lot of things short of that and get the information. >> it feels like a slow-movingel r 2.0 report we're doing. so the house is going to call up

the attorney general,obviously subpoenaing don mcghan, and bringing up bob mueller, and the theory is maybe one of them will have enis mduring the questioning that will change the tone of the debate. unless or until that happens, an i really don'texpect that anything that comes from those hearings is going to change perceptions of the report of the president of thiins vestigation. i think this is sort of where we sit. but we don't know. but in the meantime, we' got the presidential candidates which yamiche was reporting on,t tam, oere saying the voters are not asking me about it. >> that's right. >> woodruff: many of them. some of them clearly are. and, so, i'm not calling for impeachment, and that's why we talk about elizabeth. why do we think at is? one of the theories you are hearing is there was smuch reporting on this the last two years that people feel thy've

heard most of this already. >> imagine if the mueller report came out and we leaabout the trump tower meeting for the first time that donald trump, jr. and paul manafort and jaredu ner had with russians offering dirt on hillary clinton, that would have been in fact, it was stunning about a yea and a half ago when he first learned abouit and saw those documents and those e-mails. so this has been trickling out slowly, which, in so ways, sort of takes the -- it sorof inoculated the president, because it was this very slow dribbling out of some very embarrassing orth orwise not good information about things that happened during the campaign and since then. >> i think that's exactly ho thppened, and it's why opinions of this president really just have notev movedn as this material comes out, i think baked io the cake the opinion about how you see the president conducting himself in office. remarkably, th's the only president who's never hit 50% in

any gallup poll in approval rating. if spent any -- haven't spent any time above water as far as approval ratings. just a question as to howse clo he is to 45 or 46% or how close he is to the lo 40s. when bad stuff comes out, you will probably see his numbers go back to high 30s, low 40s, something else good for them, goes back up. >> a very narrow range ever since he won. >> ever since he won. >> woodruff: sure. in other words, it's not thate' thnot damaging information in the mueller report, i people have been hearing about it the whole time. let's talk about a couple of things, seth moulton, congressman from massachusetts announces he'sun rng. do we have a sense of how he fits into the picture of 19 or 20 in there? >> he seems to be cut from aem standardratic candidate. you know, gun control, climate

change, his lisd issues, the things that he talks about are very muchowthe line, middle of the road democratic ideas. what he is offeringishe says, a new generation of leadership, a similar idea to what you would hear from a pete buttigieg or a beto o'rourke.ow >> he's d in that lane. the other thing intesting about seth moulton, he like ryan who annouored he was running f president, they are two people who tried unsuccessfully to eak into the ranks of leadership, tim ryan challeed -- officially challenged nancy pelosi when she was the minority leader. seth moulton talked about it. he was one of the folks urging somewilson to run. ey were both successful at that. and so it's pretty clear the options in the house are pretty capped out. woung, ambitious, why not thro your hat in the ring for this. you won't ring the nomination, but you do a good enough job,

maybe you go into dammic administ certainly opens opportunities politically than they have in the house. >> woodruff: maybe t're running forking? otr. m, elizabeth warren talking about student debt, she's basically talking abou canceling student debt up to a big number, i think it's $500,000, and shs got a plan to pay for it with a tax. >> and that tax is doing a lot of mevive heavy lifting because it's also payin paying paying fl chairkd an other things she's talked abo she's a former law professor who taught bankruptcy law, and one thing about bankruptcy law, student loans are one det that's really hard to shed, even in bankruptcy, so she is keying in on something that is a real point of pain for o a l people, though this is certainly something that a candidate,

president trump, would say that's socialism, y taking money from many and giving it to others. >> woodruff: appealing to younger voters? >> we know this is something bern sanders has been talk about on the campaign trail. he probably argued i have been talk about this quite some time that was my brand as well as medicare for all. it fascinating watching the primary now. we have this group like bernie sanders, elizabeth warren, who are kind of the revolionaries here that we want to make big structural change versus e folks who just want reform but not as whatm soe people would call radical or real significant change. but either way, bernie sanders has sort of set the table on so many levels in this priry on policy, on some of the unwritten rules as well, where you can raise money, getting it from low-dollar donors instead obig donors. those are the things he's helped to set the ground rules, andt

they tbim tremendously. >> woodruff: and pushing the party to the left on many of these is >> and this goes even further b thnie sanders free public college, this is writing off debt that already exists. >> woodruff: tamera keith, amy"p walteritics monday," thank you. >> you're welcome. >> woodruff: as we reported earlier, secity officials in sri lanka say a local radical islamist group appears to be behind this weekend's attacks. government officials also were warned weeks earlier about possible violence in the country. the latest tragedy bngs a focus once again on the questiow ofhe u.s. and other countries can anticipate and counter global extremism overl. the long h amna nawaz has a conversation about this very subject for our latest installment of the newshour "bookshelf." >> reporter: despite billions of dollars spent on fighting terrorism, post 9/11 the threat

has evolved and shifted into something that experts agree can ngno longer be addressed u just military means. farah pandith was the first-ever u.s. special representative to muslim communities-- she served under both presidents george w. and h.w. bush anbarack obama. she also worked for secretaries of state condoleezza rice, hillary clinton and john kerry. she is now out with a new bo "how we win," drawing upon her time at the national security council and department of state, and her experience visiting over 80 couries in those roles. in her book, she breaks down the evolution of the current threat, how our current poliurther inflame it, and outlines a strategy to keep us safe. farah pandith joins me now. she joins me in the studio now. urlcome to the "news >> thank you. i want to ask about the physical battle on extremism. you talk about the online bale where a lot of people first come into contact with those

ideologies. you talk about using former extremistsn that capacit how do we do that? >> let's actually remember what the threat is. it's young people under the age of 30 who are lured into armies, whether it's alquaida or the so-called islamic state, because they're having a crisis o identity. and in order for them to navigate through that identity, they're asking questions about who they are and how they express this identity. the bad guys are providing answers for them that tell them stories about how to be a more authentic muslim. so how do you debunk that? how do you get and disrupt their thinking? one of the ways to do that is to bring people who are fomer extremists front and center so it's the true storywhat they experienced and how they got radicalized become the thing the young people see and here. >> so a lot of the conversations are happening online and a lot offto the platforms gather data on . you write about that in the book. they say the algoritics used to

sell jeans can be used to bring new ideas forward or counter some of those ideas. so what do the tech companies say about that? do they think that's their responsibilities? >> we know these companies have a lot of data on us. when we think aboutat we have to do to make sure there are as many tibodies in the system to debunk an us versus them, it ngeds to happen around the cultural listeline. so technology companies do have a very strong role to play in what's happening in the onlib space, nothing happens in the online space without it happening in the-l ofn space as well. >> what about in the news media. you talk about comprehensive strategy. do you think of the way we change and talk about terrorism? >> we know our words matr. we know the media does enforce a particular way of thinking about things. we have to be specific about who d a terrorist, whs a terrorist act, how we talk about kinds of terrorist organizationo anthey move the mind

towards radicization, that takes a lot of very careful, very particular phraseology, and you should be very diligent in how wese it. eg you also advocate for a comprehensive str is there an example you can point towards, some other kind of comprehensive strisegy like where it's worked? >> when you want somebody to learn how to recycle, you cannot just have one ad on tv, just say let's recycle and this is how you do it. you ve to make sure that, all t day every day,y're seeing signals in a society that says this is how you recle, this is what we cycling is all about, south in schools, it's on billboards, it is very similar, when you're trying to debk haircuts when you're trying to debunk an us versus them, the signals within a community at a local level, even at a holdse level really matters as to what it is we're trying to enforce. we cannot allow the rise of hate to continue the wait has and what we're seeing right now

around the world is an increase e hate not a decrease. >> you wriremism would not be the pervasive threha it is it not had a patron awash in trillions of dollars of oi wells. that is not what we hear about saudarabia from our own government. where is the disconnect? >> i travel to nearly 100 countries around the world andin very single country i went to, there was a connectivity around cultural heritage, around defamati of diversityof islam, there was a very strong force in how people were learning about their religion and if it was av dierse religion or monolith. the tactics were training of imams, specific textbooks taking place, all of these things were part of the system that is underlining extremism, and ifnd you undershen all those things are happening and you ask yourself how and why do it happen and you go back and trace

where it happens, you see that saudi arabia has played a very specific role over decades. there is no need for our soldiers to go in other parts to have the world and fight wars built on an us versus them ideology that extremist groups use built on the foundation of what they were learninfrom the tactics that saudi arabia has put in place. >> when we talk about i would be remiss if i didn't mention another growing threa in the states and around the world, most recently in new zealan and that has been from white supremacists. do the strategies you lay out in is address this? >> yes. everything we know that happens to a young person about identity and belonging starts at a local level. things are not only todown, they're bottom-up. so when we look at solutions, we have to think about what peer friendly narratives and weyhat

do to each other is disrupted. so in that way, it's very similar. we have to be careful not to suggest every type of extremism is the same and also we have to be careful to understand it's not just one silver bulle'st thoing to fix everything. we need many different types of approaches in the offline and in the online space, and here's the most important part. the one thing that we can do together is to agree as humans that we have to decrease hate, and that requires not just citizens to s.a.t. and condemn it in any form tha takes place, it requires the government needs to put money behind this ideological war in the kind of way that we put money behind the physical war. if you n' have people who are recruited to these kinds of grou, they don't have armi to fight. >> the book is "how we win." the author the farah pandith. thank you very much for being here.ou >> thankery much.

>> woodruff: now, on ahis earth daunusual story about arctic melting. whople hear headlines abou is happening, but few are able to see up close what that looks like. jeffrey browwent to austin, texas recently to view a special photography exhibiwhich makes the notion of climate change very real. the story is part of our ongoing arts and culture series: canvas. >> reporter: a crashing block of ice. a piece of art that was intended to grab attention and bring home the impact of climate change. photographer and documentarylo filmmakee palu chose an unusual way to present a few of the 150,000 photos he took over three years in the arctic,hile on assignment for national geinraphic-- embedding them ice and creating a sculptural

installation outside the harry ransom center-- the famed library, archive and museum at the university of texas. passersby were encouraged to look and, if they wanted, to touch. i spire to make art that reifts your consciousness. peopleoming here, watching nature take its course and they're looking at something ana they're ng with it. >> reporter: palu titled thepa project "arctiage," intended to capture what he calls a "new geopolitical cold war" as melting ice opens up waeviously concealed waterys and nations and corporate interests battle for influence and natural resources. >> i went on a trip in 2015 and i followed a military unit and they were preparing for this st list of everything of unknowns. some were st search and rescue. some were related to climate change, some were community level security. i started seeing soldiers transitioning to sort of like a northern arctic command. i felt like this needed more

investigation. >> reporter: palu first made his na as a war photographer i afghanistan. several of those works were on display inside. >> i like to be always be closeo i think it's human experience. i think my role in the world is to put a face to statistics and numbers. those are great tools to learn about the world, but i'm talking to you. you're a human being. >> reporter: in the arctic photos, palu is ain up close, transporting us to some of the most inaccessible places on earth to look into the eyes of indigenous pple coping with a changing landscape. >> these are reapeople that i met up there that live in a place that is defined by ice. and the vanishing ice is going to change the way whether it's water rising or the temperature changing because the arctic in some ways is kind of like the air conditioner of the earth. so, so we may not fehis right now like they are, but peit's coming. ople who have been hunting for

centuries in the same way or fishing or living on the land or from the lentelling stories of great change. things are not like they used to be. >> reporter: the project drew inspiration from the tragiche story offranklin expedition," an 1845 british effort to find a northwest passage across the arc the two ships and their crews vanished. palu imagined photos taken during the voyage now encased in blocks of ice at the bottom of the arctic ocean. he himself suffered bone- chilling pain and scratched corneas from ice crusting over his eyelashes while working in the arctic. for the project, for which he partnered with a texas icemaker. and thent played out at austin's annual south by southwest festival. set up in the morning, the ice blocks reacted to the elements-- sun and wind--hroughout the day.

>> it should be in the middle of i think humanity is in a pont of transition. i think we'll make it. i think the human being is smart enough. >> part of me wishes it was in e middle of the street. that way, it will interrupt the space. 's in the middle of your everyday activity and i have to look at this and maybe it will evoke the urgency the situation calls for. >> reporter: by laernoon, the blocks had dissolved to small chunks of ice and water.ph thographs ultimately crumpled to the ground just as planned. >> one of the greatest of the many of journalism, or as visual artist, is to try and have people feel that empathy. like, "my god, what are happening to the people who live up there? g whatna happen to us? what's gonna happen to rest of the planet up there that might affect us?" and putting yourself in other people's shoes. and i think that that is, for me, one of the greatest lesson of all of this. >> reporter: much more of louie palu's arctic photography will

appear this fall in "national geographic." for the pbs newshour, i'm jeffrey brown at the south by southwest festival in austin, texas. woodruff: protestors took to the streets of paris and other ench cities this weekend, asking why billionaires and the government have rushed to the aid of notre dame, while ignoring the millions of people who are being squeezed economically. income inequality is just one issue that may gain momentum inf the aftermathe fire. fréphane gerson is the english- language editor ofce in the world: a new global history." in his humble opinion, the fire that ravaged notre dame should force us to take a look at our other human-made crises.

>> this past monday, my son sent me a text that red simpmely note i didn't know what he meant. so he wrote again, it's on fire, terrible. i turned on the tv and saw the cathedral burn, the spire collapse, the roof crash down. i watched parians and others cry. for a while i thought of a moment in french history that involved a cathedral. 1287, the may sons of notre dame traveling across europe to show their excellence in stone cutting, or august 1944, charles de gaulle coming under sniper fire in notre dame. this is what historians do in moments like these, we go to favments but that night i thought about our president and future. we are horrified be dame is the most point yent of this age of rs, of climat change and mass displacement that nothing se term. eehasn't notre dame always with us? hasn't it always stood stng,

stone rising into the skies, tower standing guard, its spire invifong us to aimr something higher? monuments such as these are collective heritage. the cathedral is eternal and structible. we are eternal and instructible. but, no, look, notre dame is burning. the spire is collapsing. the roof is crashing down. unlef, it is our ro the collective roof that is crashing down. a century ago exactly in 1919, the writer reflected on the massive destruction signs that wrought during world war i. t civilizations, he wrote, now not we are mortal. he was telling us that our civilization can precipita its own undoing. his warning is not mere history. we watched the cathedral burn and, though we know that caedrals can be rebuilt, feel something deeper. could it be the premonition that

some disasters, me fires are so incandescent that nothing remains afterwardseven civilization? there is a theory thaast disrs can shake the status quo, but suspending the usualde or by displaying its failures that can open up news olidaritd maybe, in this case, collective responses through environmental destruction and forced migration. the emotions we experience before a sharerdeal, shock ind sorrow, empathy emerge in the moment, can us together around a vision of the common good. i have been skeptical about this theory in the past, that the emotion that we felt watching e cathedral urn, the emotion we felt imagining our world burning, thi emotion that allows to overt for destruction, to work together towards a different future, not only for the cathedral but also for human civilization, notre dame, it's on fire, terrible.

as i reread my son's texts, i have to hope thathis time will be different. >> woodruff: frenchor histn steéphane gerson. online, on this earthy dameet a ecologist who studies a pond flea that could hold values for huge health. that oour web site pbs.org/newshour. later this evening on pbs, independent lens presents a film about life during a violent three-year stretch in baltimore. "charm city" offers a portrait of neighbors, police, citizens, community leers and government officials all trying to improve the quality of life in theirho neighbs. one community leader, known as "mr. c", tries to help stem the idemic of violence by talking to some of the younger residents. >> if your mom says, look, that somebody could come up andon killed yourin front of you,

that you don't say nothing because you ain't no snitch, okay, i don't understand your definition. all right? w can you call yourself a man and you let somebody kill a child u front of you and yo act like you don't see it? how can you live with your?se it's not going to happen in front of me. i'm telling you, where is the love? it's time to say something to y'all, man. this craziness got to stop! meet in the john, fellas. >> woodruff: "charm city" airs later tonight on most pbs stations. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us on-line and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and seyou soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by:

>> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. babbel's 10-15 minute lessons are available as an app, or online. more information on babbel.com. >> financial services firm raymond james. >> consumer cellular. >> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation.ci supportingce, technology, and improved economic performance and financial literacy in the 21st century. >> supported by the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation. committeto building a more just, verdant and peaceful world. more information at macfound.org >> and with the ofgoing support hese institutions >> this program was made

possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned byac mediss group at wgbh access.wgbh.org w >> you'ching pbs.

♪ ♪ ♪ -today on "america's test kitchen," becky makes julia the ultimate roasted whole side of salmon, jack challenges bridget to a tasting of turmeric, lisa reviews vegetable peelers for kids, and dan shows bridget a delicious recipe for buttery spring vegetables. it's all coming up right here on "america's test kitchen."