captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight: a famiar name joins a crowded field. former vice president joe biden jumps into the race for the 2020 democratic presidential nomination. then, a troubling record. wsrooms across the country create the largest database ever of police misconduct. plus, the inner lives of chimpanzees. how the otional experiences of humans and our distant genetic cousins may be closer than we once thought. >> i'm not sure that there are any "uniquely human" emotions. w may have a wider applicability of these emotions, and they may be more sophisticated, but they are not fundamentally different. >> woodruff: all that and more, on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs

newshour has been provided by: >> babbel. a language proam that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, italian, german,nd more. babbel's ten to 15 minute lessons are available as an app, or online. more information on babbel.com. >> kevin. >> kevin! >> kevin?ic >> afor life. life well-planned. a learn moraymondjames.com. >> bnsf railway. >> consumer cellular. >> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation.

supporting science, technology, and improved economic performance and financial literacy in the 21 century. >> carnegie corporion of new york. supporting innovations in educatio democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security. at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: there is fresh fallout tonight from the russia report. president trump is denying that he tried to have special counsel

robert mueller fired. according to the report, former white house counsel don mcgahnys he president directed him to get rid of mueller, but that he refused. on twitter today, mr. trump t said, "i nevd don mcgahn to fire robert mueller, even though i had the legal right to do so." there is word that president trump approved paying $2 million to north korea to win the release of american student otto warmbier i2017. the "washington post" reports that the north koreans claimed it was the cosof caring for warmbier. he had been comatose since beini imprisonmarch 2016, for allegedly destroying a propaganda sign. warmbier died shortly after he was returned to the u.s. it is unclear if the $2 million was ever paid. north korean leader kim jong-un and russian president vladimir putin held their first summit today.

they met as the u.s. maintains a licy of "maximum pressure" on north korea, to force it to give up nuclear weapons. the leaders sat down in the russian pacific port city of vladivostok. afterward, putin said kim is willing to end his nuclear program, if he gets concrete security guarantees. >> ( anslated ): denuclearization is the disarmament of north korea. i can confirm once again, the north korean side talks about this. they need a guarantee of their safety, of the preservation ofth r sovereignty. and what guarantee could it be except the rtetoration of atiol law? >> woodruff: putin did not elaboraton what kind of rangement he meant. but he did say he will discuss ite issue with chinese leaders in an upcoming vo beijing. in sri lanka, the u.s.sy is warning americans there to avoid places of worship this weekend, in the wa of the easter sunday bombings. the country's prime minister said today that would-be attackers are still on the loose.st inators also searched the

home of two of the alleged easter bombers. police arrested their father on suspicion of aiding his sons. anwhile, authorities lowered the death toll to 253 from 359. they gave no explanation. gunmen in pakistan shot and killed a polio vaccinator today, in a new sge of violence against immunization efforts. it was the third such attack this week, as the taliban and militant clerics preach the vaccine is a foreign ploy to sterilize muslims. france's president emmanuel macron is calling for tax cuts and pension reforms, in a bid to end anti-government protests. macron gave a nationally- televised speech today after months of sometimes violent demonstrations. >> ( translated ): so in the face of all these worrat have been expressed, to tell yos what i have unod and heard, it seems to me that the best direction to answer tisthe

needs ofl justice is not to increase the taxes of this lrson or that. no, it's rather er taxes for the maximum number of our fellow citizens. >> woodruff: the so-called yellow vest movement began in november, and organirs say that macron's response today fell srt. they prose more protests on saturday. a new tropical cyclone is blasting mozambique tonight, six weeks after another storm killed hundreds in the east african nation. this new storm began coming ashore near the city of pemba, with sustained wds of 136 miles an hour. thousands in northern mozambique and southern tanzania have been ordered to evacuate. in the u.s., a tornado carved a 130-mile path across texas and louisiana early today, killing a woman and her son. they died when a tree fell on their home in northern louisiana. the stm was part of severe

weather that had ripped up roofs, power lines and trees in texas on wednesday, and killed three people in the state. the texas man who organized the notorious "dragging death" of a black man in 1998, has been put to death. john w racist, was executed by lethalct inn last night. the victim, james byrd, was chained to a truck and draggedfo nearly three miles. a former police officer in florida was sentenced today to 25 yea in prison for fatally shooting a black musician in 2015. nouman raja was in plainclothes and in an unmarked car when he confronted and shot corey jones, after jones' car had broken down. after the sentcing today, jones' family and attorneys called it a viory. >> based on the fact that this is the first time in er 30 years that a police officer

has been convicted for killing a black person in the state of florida, it is a milestone for many black americans, not just in florida but all across the united states. >> woodruff: we will look at a new, nationwide study on police conduct, later in the program.fe ral agents raided the homes and offices of baltimore mayor catherine pugh today. the f.b.i. and i.r.s. areig inveing sales of pugh's children's books to firms that do business with the city, a whether the sales disguised kickbacks. the mayor faces mounting calls to resign, and the state's governor joined that chorus today. the pentagon's watchdog agency has cleared acting defense fcretary patrick shanahan ethical violations. he was alleged to have used his ficial position to favor boeing, where he worked for 31 years. he has been acting secretary since january, when james mattos resigned the

and, on wall street, a mixed day of trading. the dow jones industrial ay rage lost nea5 points to close at 26,2. the nasdaq rose 16 points, and the s&p 500 slped one point. still to come on the newshour: what joe biden's announcement means for the 2020 race. the largest database ever compiled of police misconduct. itacking the influence of the islamic state afte territorial losses. and, much more. he >> woodruff: wilr won't he? months of anticipation and hesitation ended today, with the latest democrat to enter the race for the white house. >> we are in the battle for the soul of this nation. >> woodruff: setting up a direct clash with president trump over american ideals and values,

former vice president joe biden officially entered the 2020 presidential race this morning. t a video announcement, biden lambasted presidump for his response to the 2017 white nationalist rally in charlottesville, virginia, where a counter-protester was killed.e >> he said tere "some very fine people on both sides." very fine people on ides? >> woodruff: the 76-year-old delaware democrat laid out the choicemerican voters face. >> if we givdonald trump eight years in the white house, he will forever and fundamentally alter the character of this nation. >> woodruff: with a long political career marked by highs and lows, biden became one of the youngest-ever u.s. senators, elected at the age of 29 in 1972. but tragedy hit just weeks later when his wife and one-year-old daughter were killed in a car accident.

biden went on to serve 36 years in the senate, forming fast friendships with lawmars on both sides of the aisle, including former arizona senator john mccain. >> my name is joe biden. i'm a democrat. ( laughter ) and i love john mccain. >> woodruff: but now, biden finds himself in a democratic party that has lately shifted left, favoring policies thatco ter many of biden's past positions. positions like his integral role in the federal government's "was on dru" in the 1980s and '90s that led to mass incarcerations, and his support for expanding gun sales in the 1980s. >>. haven't always been rig i know we haven't always gotten things right. but i've always tried. >> woodruff: the long-time h centri since taken more progressive positions. but, biden ialso guaranteed to

face criticism by liberals forai his role as an of the senate judiciary committee in 1991, when attorney anita hill testified that then-supreme court nominee clarence thomas had sexually harassed her. lawmakers from both parties then eviscerated hill's testimony. recently, biden has also faced allegations of inappropriately touching women and not respecting their personal space. biden didn't apologize, but said he would do better. at times gaffe-prone-- this is biden's third attempt at the presidency. his 1988 bid was marked by allegations of plagiarism. after a short 2008 presidential bid, biden agreed to run as barack obama's vice presidential nominee. and, while biden helped to win over the "obama coalition" of black and northern white voters that helped win the white house

in 2008 and again in 2012, he faces now a serious challenge from vermont senator berniean e nders d a host of rising, younger progressivmocrats. e president trump took not biden's announcement today and the bruising primary that awaits him. mr. trump tweeted, "welcome to the race, sleepy joe." >> mr. vice president, how do you feel? >> i feel great! >> woodruff: tod, biden appeared ready for the fight, as leaving a pizza shop later, a reporter asked biden if he had a messagfor the rest of the world. >> america's coming back like it used to be. ethical, straight, telling the truth. supporting our allies. all those good things. >> woodruff: we want to look n at mr. biden's bid for the race for the nomination, and how democrats may respond, with democratic congresswoman lisa blunt roester of delaware. she endorsed joe biden's candidacy today.

and, aimee allison, president of she the people, a group that advocates for women of color in leadership positions. she is not supporting a specific democratic candidate in the campaign. we welcome both of you to the "newshour". congresswoman blunt-rochester, to you first, right out of the box, you say you endorse joe biden for president. why is he the right per fson 2020? >> joe biden is the right person for such a time tashis. i've known joe for 30 years as delaware senator, ce president, but also as a friend, and when i think about his taking this step, i think about the past, the present and the future.rs of all, just the past, the report of accomplishments that he brings to the table, the present that we are living in a time as his video showed earlier today where incidents like charlottesville are happening and where we are seeing just an abuse of power, and, so, he'sfo

sed on the present, but also because he cares about the future of this country. and, so, i'm excited. many of us not just here in delaware but across the country are excited about the campaign and feel thajoe biden is the person that needs to be our next president. >> woodruff: aimee allison, how do you look on joe biden's candidacy? >> it's interesting to talk about past, present and future. joe biden has the benefit of high identity nameyed for his association with president obama which makes him beloved amonger african-an voters particularly african-american women who are the most loyatal demo but we also need to talk about the past association th anita hill. you know, i think there's going to be a lot of questions about his relationship to not onlwy blacmen but women of color in general, associated with ho he handled the anita hill hearings back t but, also just a couple of weeks ago, how

he handled e accusations of improper behavior toward former nevada legislator lucy flores. i think that's the present. i think e future veally going to depend on you've got a candidate with high-name i.d. who is entering into a very different world, this is a #metoo era and"black lives matter" era, you know, how is he able to appeal to a broad rge of very enthusiastic key democratic voters in thece pla that he needs to in order to gain the momentum?i ink that question is still out. >> woodruff: let's take two of the things that you've just mentioned, congresswoman blunt rochester, how about he handled anita hi i 1991, being a very tough questioner of her when she was raising quensstbout sexual harassment by clarence thomas, and what's happened in the last feweeks. >> i think, for joe biden, i had the opportunity to have aon conversaith him. i actually requested 15 minutes.

i was gr aantalf an hour, but we stopped and talked for two and a half hours about a lot of issues because he believes, well, that this is not feta commpli. that this is something he has to earn. black women are the active democric voters, and we have also said we want a seat at the table. so what le need to look at as we go into the next couple of months is a few things -- number one, his experience and, number hat are his policies and number three, who does he hire, who does he bring around the table as well.e those e things -- one to have the things i can acknowledge for him, i want to say thisne last thng, is what he does that is different than our current leader is owhe ackndges areas he needs to grow and he moves forward and tries torow. that's something we're not seeing right now in our president. >> woodrf: coming back to

anita hill, the "new york times" is reporting today, this afternoon, that anita hill is saying she did receive a call from joe biden, his campaign is saying he called to apologize. she's saying and i'm quoting, she was deeply w unsatisfih what they talked about. is that going to linger as issue, aimee allison? >> yes. anita hill was a very young and courageous law professor. when i was in college and watching the way she was treatea for ing up and speaking out, he allowed a lot of damage ades sincein the dec by having a cooling and chilling effect on women, black women and women everywhere in the country who dared to have the courage to eak out against harassment that they received at work. i think there's a accounting that needs to happen on the part of joe bidden to directly ress it. so it starts with a simple apology, but needs to have very important plans to go with it. it's good his campaign called, but if anita hill is not

satisfied, i'm telling you, foro women ofor, we're not satisfied either. >> woodruff: congresswoman blunt rochester, what is it you believe joe biden needs to do in der to help people come around to his explanation and his apology? has acknowledged that, if he could go back and do it differently, he would have, but he also made sure that ther re women on that judiciary committee so that a person would not have to fce an all white male judiciary committee. nd i think the voters are really going to ha decide if the actions -- because he has y,long track record of man many accomplishments, but there are also things that he has ak-acknowledged he wd differently, and it's going to be really up to the voters to decide, and it's alng to be incumbent on him, he wants attorney people's votewa he s to do that. >> woodruff: i just want to ask both of youalfin, in an era where there are younger candidates, female candidates,id caes of color, why is joe

biden the right choice here or hot? i mean, how much d it matter that he's older, that he's white and that he's a male? aimee allison? >> thas a question wesk the eight presidential candidates in the people's forum yesterday. wa had candidates like elizabeth warren, the senatoked into a lukewarm reception and, 20 minutes later, standingvation. she won over the hearts and minds of thousands of people in that room. wirnie sanders walked in to huge applause and lefh a tepid response, and i think what we're going tind as joe biden enters the race that he is really -- that we could see public opinion, we can see the opinion of these key democrats, women of color, change as he goes into these series of debates and public appearances, and we'll see because wom of color are looking for strong advocates for nder, racial and economic justice, and the

question is can joe biden earn his vote in a crowded rich fie of strong candidates. >> woodruff: what about this question, congresswoman blunt rochester? >> well, i'm an example that representation does matter, and it is important that we have a seat at the table. i think what joe biden has demonstrated over the course of his career is whether it's on the isues of civil rights, human rights or women's right he stood up, and also whether it's about strengthening our economy, he stood up. so what i would ask the voters and the american people is to stay open-minded, to see his heart, see what kinof message he puts forward and let him earn your vote. e he's alreaned mine. >> woodruff: all right. we want to thank both of you. comom lisa blunt rochester rochester of delaware and aim allison ofshe the people." thank you. >> thank you.

>> woodruff: as we reportedrl r, for the first time in nearly three decades, a florida police officer was sentenced to prison time today for shting to death an african american man whose car had broken down. the killing in frida is getting national attention, as have a number cases of police conduct and questionable shootings in recent years. but as amna nawaz tells us, most cases of police misconductn are nohe public eye. a new investigation finds tens of thousands of officers have been investigated or disciplined er the last decade. >> nawaz: reporters around the country, from the "usa today"or neand the non-profit invisible institute, spent more than a year compiling bae largest da of misconduct records. they found that at least 85,000 officers have been investigated or disciplined for some 200,000 incidents of alleged misconduct, much of it previously toreported he public. most were minor infractions, but

there were still thousands of more serious cases, includin allegations of excessive force, rape, domestic violence and drug dealing. they also found frequent dishonesty. the database uncovered more than 2,200 instces of perjury, tampering with evidence or witnesses, or falsifying reports. and, 32 people became police chiefs or eriffs, despite a finding of serious misconduct, usually at another department. james pilcher is one of thth reporters fo"usa today" network. he works at the "cincinnati inquirer" and joins me now. james pilcher, welcome to the "newshour". let's start with the records. how hard was it to get access to that information i first place? >> well, in many cases, it was difficult. we had to sue in some cases. the police unions and so forth have been able to make it very difficult to access me of this lnformation, and we still fee like we've only scratched the

surface. we've covered maybe, u know, a tenth of the total agencies in th country. we've probably got data from about 70to 800 difrent departments covering 80,000 officers, while there are 750,0075000 officers in this coy at 18,000 different departments. so we're just getting started. >> so you mentioned in some cases unions stood in thfway o getting to the information. in a typical police force, in a typical environmt, what usually happens to those records ofisconduct? >> well, in most cases, they are filed in their personnel file, elthough in some cases they actually have aarate file you might not know as a regular pue ic citizen for discipls their personnel file. that's sometimes the case in cincinnati, for example. then it stays with their record. but in some cases, the unions have been able to negotiate and have some epodes or discipline taken off their record aft

five or seven years and it sort of cycles. if you' onood behavior for a while, the bad bhiefer falls off, so the bad incident may not be reported or knownn their file after ten years or so. >> we mentioned there were rious caseous uncovered there, but in the range of misbehavior that falls under misconduct, what kind of actio or beavior are we talking about? >> if you look at the data that we accomplished nationally, we accomplished lists from 44 states of all the differente officers who hen decertified, basically lost their license to be a police officer. the majority of those, more than 10% were for drund alcohol abuse, but there were another 10% that were for domestic abuse, and there was another good portion of those that werey for dishonr perjury. so it runs the gamut from,ou

know, insubordination all the way up to excessive force to a felony conviction. >> you high light ths one incredible story, a police officer in one town gets fierdz, then he gets rehired as the police chief in another town. how does that happen? well, the mayor of that town openly admits he didn't check very well, and that actually happens more than yould think. we've found that to be a fairlyn coccurrence because people in these small towns are so desperate for police help that sometimes they jutake what they can get and don't check very hard. all it would have taken was one phone call from this small-town mayor to this other town less than an hour away, and i all rightly say his personnelile at that's department is this big. i've seen it myself. he was actually fired twice from that department and reinstated by a mediator who was convicted of a fennely, crashed a police car, the list went on and on.

>> you highlighted a few cases of officers who were what you called consistently under investigation, almost 2,500 investigated on 10 or mores, char0 or more face 100 or more allegations, all kept their badges. did you have an understanding of how that was allowed to hppen? part of it is the system of police discipline in this country is to so localized is it's a state by state, municipality by muicipality endeavor, so it varies from place to place. even from state to state, it varies. so you could actually get decertified in one state and actually go apply and get a badge in another state. soe found that happening quite often as well. >> just a few seconds before we go, james. w th an enormous undertaking, more than a year's worth of work. why do you think it was so important for this information to be out there?se >> beche public doesn't have a way to have an insight

into the people that we supposed to be protecting us and this was a way for us -- you know, there are other agethncies collect as data but they don't make it public. this was a way for us to take it to the public and say, okay,ly especin this day and age where we're having such a debate over policing and police tics that we felt that this was the right time to do this. >> james pilcher of the "u.s.a. today" network, thanks for joining us. >> thank you for having me. woodruff: stay with us. comingp on the newshour:nsn uish researnto the emotional experiences of chimpanzees. and, activist gloria steinem gives her "brief but spectacular" take on the evolution of feminism. the horrific easter sunday edsuicide bombings that ki people in three cities across

sri lanka have refocused attention on isis. through its "news" agency, isis atclaimed that the sophist, simultaneous attacks were the work of its fighters. it remains to be seen just how den the connection was betw the trans-national isis, and the local terror group that conducted the bombgs. igardless, the persistent reach and strength of isa force in many countries, despite the final destruction last month of the group's caliphate,d across syria and iraq. i'm joined now by "new york times" reporter rukmini callimachi, who has covered the group for years. thank you very much for being with us. is it possible the local terror group that's been identified could have done this on its own? >> it's possibl i suppose, but unlikely. what we have seen in the past is that building exlosives as reliable as what we saw in sri lanka is quite difficult. if you think to the paris atack in 2015 thich are consideree

flagship external operations work of the islamic stte, they had ten attackers, almost all i.icide bombers, and even among those group from.i.s. that came directly from the caliphate, you had one man who went into a cafe in paris and he made a mistake in the detonation of his charge, killing only himself. sotven in the paris atacks, you saw fumbles of thate. nat here in sri lanka, you had eight ne ofde bombers, each them detonated their charges with deadly effect.s. >> so s. claims, as we were saying, that these were their fighters, our fighters. >> right. >> woodruff: what does that mean, exactly? >> the islamic state uses the term islamic state fighter to both mean their own recruits in iraq and syia who have joined the group and trained with them and also to refer to anydy who picks up a weapon of some kind and carries ou violence in their name. however, i do think that the connection here is deeper, and

that's because the fellow who rried out this attack was able to get a pledge video to i.s.i.s. before they carried out their explosions. we have not yet seen a case where that dynamic occurred and there wasn't a al connective tissue to i.s.i.s. i think that the attacks wheree we hen that -- the paris attacks, the berlin car ramming, the bangladesh attack -- all of them in the end had real connectivi w to i.s.i.s. druff: you're reminding us of all of these. so how do you describe right now what the strength of i.s.i.s. is? >> you know, i have been writing stories fo months now pulling on data that shows that i.s.i.s. is very defeated. unfortunately, politicians always want toh sow more progress in terrorism than is often the case on the ground. yes, it's true that i.s.i.s. has lost its territory in iraq and syria, that is a blow to the group, hoever, theres a group that was incredibly deadly from

2003 tohe caliphate of 2014 without holding very much land at all. so they are simply going back to their insurgent groups and already the data is showing that even in iraq and syria, thes attare picking up again. >> woodruff: picking up on that, is iraq and syria still the place where they are the strongest, even though they don't hold the territory thath once did? >> yes. i do believe that iraq and syria is still their h. it's the core of their origina organization. we have seen estimates anywhere from south of thfighters left to tens of thousands of fighters left even after the fall of the last vidges under i.s.i.s. control. >> woodruff: and a they still able -- we remember, you know, a decade ago they were able to recruit large numbers of people from across europe andpa othets of the world. do they still have thatre uiting power? >> the fall of the territorial caliphate in iraq and h syr definitely taken a big dent out

of the recrument, but, according to the group, as recently as a couple of months ago, the group ws still pulling in around 15 members a month in iraq and syria. that's much hiher than in 2010 end 2011, which is the last tim the group was considered dead, and at that point they were recruiting around 5 a month, so ten time times more. a big fall fro tm whey are in 20140 1/4 and 2015 when hundreds of thousands of people were crossing from turkey into syria, but it's not wsignificant. odruff: finally, rukmini, hi.s.i.s. has been known e a very powerful media operation, they have been able to get the word out, they hava regular newsletter, where does that stand now? w thre claiming success after what happened in sri lanka. how strong are they wheit comes to spreading the word still about what they are able

to do? >> to me, one of the strongest indicators of i.s.i.s.'s continued strength is thec fat that it's the media ministry coinues to upgrade at a pretty robust level. it's true that their output has fallen off quite a bit. they're no longer putting out the flashy videos all of us saw ep 2014 and 2015 which furnished the group'sutation, but every single day they are putting out content. in fact, on easter sunday, the same day we had this horrific attack? sri lanka, the grp claimed two other attacks, one in saudi arabia and one iabul, in afghanistan. for the one in saudi arabia, they showed aideo showing the attackers pledging allegiance oefore the attack. but that givesa sense, in three different theaters, thousands of miles apart from each other, they are able to claim these attacks through

their media ministry. >> woodruff: rukmini callimachi, reporting on i.s.i.s. and the islamic state for so many yers, thank you so much. >> thanks for having me, judy. >> woodruff: it is common for cities and states to provide tax breaks a exemptions in the hope of luring business and jobs. but in some places, there's growing pushback. amazon and new york city is the most high-profile case recently. what is less known are big breaks given in some states to traditional industries that don't quite get as much buzz. welcome to louisiana. our economics correspondent, paul solman, visited there recently, as part of our regular series, "making sense." t >>nk there's one thing that we can agree on as citizens t louisiana-- things are great. >> reporter: one of youtube's unlikelier hitsk a slide showg, how it can be that a state so rich ce

natural reso can also be... >> ...bottom of the list in all the important categories, when it comes to life indicators. >> reporter: one answer, claims the advocacy group together louisiana-- subsidies. tax breaks state and local governments give companies to set up shop, or stay in the state. the national average of tax breaks? $291 per resident. louisiana? >> we are spending $2,857 per capita in corporate subsidies. >> reporter: 80% in the form of industrial tax exemptions, in which the state's industries, mostly petro-chemical, are freed from the local property taxes that fund services like police, parks and public schools. >> i'd like to welcome you to the board of commerce and industry. >> reporter: for 80-plus years, a state board has approved nearly all of these tax breaks.i >> afavor of approving these, en globo? indicate with an aye. >> reporter: 1% exemption for ten years. ( gavel )

>> motion carries. >> reporter: problem is,eshe local councalled "parishes" in louisiana, don't t the taxes the companies would otherwise pay. >> they're bng given billions of dollars in this parish alone in incentives every year. billions.r: >> reporn southwest louisiana's calcasieu parish, environmentalist mike tritico showed us a coal-fired power plant built in the950s. >> it produces a lot of electricity and it gets a huge set of tax breaks evar. >> reporter: even though it's been there forever. >> yes. de reporter: but isn't the that it'll keep them here, as opposed to-- ? >> well, they're not going to go anywhere else. how can they pick up that plant and leave? they can't. >> reporter: the hot exemption of the moment is f a new liquefied natural gas company, driftwood l.n.g., planning a termal in lake charles. >> along this stretch here, between the gulf intra-coastal waterway and the opposite shore hiuth of the industrial canal. >> reporter: for says

electrician heather ames: >> we gave away potentially the largx exemption in the history of united states. >> rorter: to try to reverse the decision, ames joined forces with schoolteacher elizabeth long, a republican, and democrat georgina graves. >> no documents wereded for the public to see, not online or at the meetingtself. >> and the fact that we were not allowed that information erand had to read in the p that $2 billion was gone-- people are very upset! >> we've been insulted. >> reporter: insulte >> "libtards."e like, "youbtards, you don't know what you're talking about." we should be thankful for the amount of jobs that these industries a blessing you with. >> reporter: but at the cost of as much as $2 billion in taxes. >> taxes that then our schools lose, our roads lose, our children lose. >> reporter: but, says chamber of commerce president georget, swhe parish wins, because of the new jobs. and not just jobs at the plant. >> about 7,300 construction workers will be in the area building the plant for four or

five years. how many from the parish itself? >> there are absolutely no stipulations that anybody has to me from calcasieu parish, or the state of louisiana. >> reporter: at a trailer park housing construction workers on other projec: license plates from texas, alabama, south dakota, alaska. >> wherever they're from, they're going to be buying things locally-- gasoline, food, all of that. and then the permanent jobs are created, and that's where we get the long-term growth for the area. >> reporter: and how many long- term jobs?he >> initial application was for 300 permanent, and then the application showed 200 for jobs, permanent jobs. >> reporter: which makes the math pretty easy: $2 billion in local property tax relief; 200 jobs; $10 million a job. but wait a minute. under louisiana's new governor, john bel edwards, three local governing bodies now decide, and they approved this deal. but that's because, says

elizabeth long: >> the chamber of southwest louisiana told three governmental entities what they were going to do. >> reporter: to what extent were you involved with the ree entities that had to approve, and did approve this project?e >>e the facilitator for the projects. we want the projects to come to our region. >> repor the chamber's george swift: >> do we grant the tax exemption and get the industries and the jobs, or do we get nothing? >> reporter: but if you have t ports, the pipelin, the product, natural gas, why didn't you at least try to drive a harder bargain? >> we do have all the resources, but there's a lot of competition all over the united states. >> reporter: driftwood's texas- nesed parent company decli our interview request, but did issue a statement-- that the project would generate "more than $700 million in sales taxes the first ten years," and then, after the abatement expires, more than $100 million a year in

property taxes. but a key question-- would the company really not have come without the exemptions? surgeon alan hinton, a lifelongc repu, doubts it. >> industries want to be in this area because of the ship channel, the pip sines, the ratem and the interstate system.e and people he willing to accept big, heavy industry in their backyard. b >> reporter:ridget hinton, an engineer, manages her husband's practice. >>e ran our own business f over 11 years. we had approximately ninee employees, anddn't get a tax exemption. >> i'm astounded that this program has been going on forth 80 years, underadar. >> no idea that that much money was being given away. it just takes a while for people to open their es. >> my eyes were opened! >> reporter: how big is this facility? >> aroximately three miles long and extends back another mile and a half to the mississippi river. >> reporter: ieast baton rouge, edgar cage is in the business of opening eyes as

well. consider exxon mil, the pabiggest taxpayer in the sh, and the largest tax break beneficiary, receiving more than 200 exemptions over the past twe des. recently, the company applied for two more, retroactively, for projects completed in 2017. >> an exemption is the incentive to bring either new business here or for existing company t expand. is something put in place to change behavior. if the behavior had already happened, it's then not an exemption. it's a gift. >> reporter: moreover, cage's group, together louisiana, found that, despite all those tax exemptions, exxon mobil's baton rouge facilities llectively lost more than 2,000 jobs. >> we're not against exxon mobil.e they hduciary responsibility to reduce business costs as low as po tible. but why are exempt from paying property taxes, i have to pay more, and small businesseso havey more. ju>> reporter: meanwhile,

blocks from the refinery... >> this community has been forgotten. it's been neglected. >> rorter: but i think a lot of people driving through here would be thinking, you know, it's the culture of thace. what could exxon mobil do to ma things better? >> if more money is being put into schools, put into workforct developmense people would have hope. these people would haveun oppoy. >> reporter: exxon mobil's response is that it contributes about $4 million to the community each year through grants and employee ma gifts. >> the next item on the agenda: the itep application for exxon mobil corporation. >> reporter: but this nuary, arguments like cage's carried the day. >> please vote. >> reporter: the local school board, strapped for cash, rejected the tax breaks. ( applause ) >> the motion fails. >> reporter: exxon mobil blamed what it called "confusion among local elected officials, inundated with misinformation from activist groups." >> i think it was a tremendously negative signal not only to exxon but to other industry.

and it just creates doubt as to, is this a good place for industry to locate? nt reporter: the chamber of commerce presideoesn't support tax breaks for all energy firms, though. >> there was one project that we did not recommend, but the boards ended up approving anyway. it was a solar farm. >> reporter: a solar farm, withi 200 constr jobs, but only one permanent one. >> if it doesn't create jobs, ti don't think it fits in the industrial tax exe criteria. >> reporter: heatherhas a different interpretation of the chamber's objection. >> i think that they're bought d sold by the oil and ga industry, and solar has no place in that. >> reporte for the pbs newshour, economics correspondent paul solman, reporting from louisiana. >> woodruff: you often hear

about studies on animal telligence and behavior. but tonight, we explore a different question-- what can wr about ourselves from studying the inner lives of chimpanzees? jeffrey brown talked to primatologist frans de waal about his new book exploring the emotions of primates. >> you see the rain face? >> brown: call it the "rain face"-- a look of disgust, in oe midst of a downpour. it's an expressiemotional life in animals as well as people, according to primatologist frans de waal. a had our "rain faces" ondu ring a recent wet visit to the yerkes national primate research center, part of emory university, outside atlanta, georgia, where de waal has worked for nearly thdecades,

weand helped change the wa think about animals-- and eamans. you don't buy the hat we could say "disgust" is only a human emotn? >> no. i'm not sure that there arhuany "uniqueln" emotions. he may have a wider applicability of emotions, and they may be more sophisticated, but they are not fundamentally different.ny i haven't seening of a fundamental difference in the emotions. >> brown: de waal is renowned for his work on animal intelligence-- experiments that show the ability to use tools, plan, cooperate, and more. he's author of a dozen books, the last titled, "are we smart enough to know how smamals are?" now, he's focused on their emotional life. >> all my work has always dealt with emotions, even though i'm trained as a biologist not to talk explicitly about emotions.

wh brown: whoa, whoa, whoa >> well, i was trained by my professors that emotions were taboo as au opic. uld talk about the "motivation" of animals and the tion to things," but the "emotions" was a sort of taboo topic. >> brown: the change ihethinking overast two decades is "eflected in de waal's new boo"" mama's last hug. mama was an elderly chimp, nearing death. in 2016, jan van hooff, a mentor of de waals who'd spent years studying and bonding with mama,a came to pay a l visit. mama locks her old frid in her arms-- a rare, physical display of affection between the species. >> it is almost as if she's calming him down. i think seeing jan, who was my professor so i know him very well, i think he must have hesitated, because we never go into a cage with a chi it's dangerous. it's just not do.

so to go in there, he must have been a bit nervous.'s and lmost as if she has sensed that and she calmed him down, instead of him calming her down. >> brown: what's going on here? de wl cautions against speaking of mama's "feelings"-- which he defines as her internal subjective state. but it is possible, he believes, to observe behavior expressing "emotions," such as fear, amusement, and empathy. >> the human studies of empathy star scientists would ask a family member in the home to cry, and then they wod how very young children respond to them. and very young children who canw barek, they walk up to this person and touch them and stroke them and try to calm them down. and when i heard about that, isa , well, if that is empathy, thy i have plenty of empath my chimps, because the chimps do this all the time. someone has lost the fight, hasg been screasits in a corner.

other chimps come over and embrace them and kiss th and calm them down and groom them. >> brown: in an experiment de edal often shows audiences, a capuchin monkey isucumbers and seems perfectly happy-- until seeing a neighbor getting sweet grapes. >> people laugh because they suddenly recognize themselves in the behavi of animals. and they're sort of nervous about that. >> brown: monkey number one nowm atically rejects the lesser treat. >> later with chimpanzees, we fi even more complicated-- we find that the one who gets more m also object to it, not just the one who gets less. so we reached the conclusion o that the senfairness of humans and the sense of fairness of chimpanzees is maybe not that different. >> brown: from his office overlooking the chimps' habitat at yerkes, de waal has spent years observing personalities. he knows all the individual ticks of each chimp-- and patterns.ns

what hapfter a fight? when does one chimp step in to help another? whatures them outside on a rainy day-- or causes them to retreat? >> they get upset if there's somebody here who's not me. that happens sometim >> brown: i asked de waal what we remain unable to know about thinner life of chimps and other animals. >> one of the most difficult ones is consciousness, and that relates tohe issue of "feeling," right? is it possible that an animal gnows all these emotional in the face and then in the body and in the behavior wiout associated feelings, without a conscious sort of being conscious of the emotions? i think it's very unlikely.k i that animals like chimpanzees and dolphins and so on, they must have a level of consciousness. but how do we demonstrate that? that is a big puzzle for science. e brown: are there inevitable ethical issues, asarn more about how closely we are related in our emotional life to animals?

>> it has obvious moralim ications. i think if animals are machines without feelings and nothing, we can do whatevewe want with them. if they're not machines... the point i'm making, and many other scientists are making nowadays, we have to be more careful. we cannot go on treating animals the way we do, if we have this new view of animals. and so, my work is contributingh to this ange in moral perspective. >> brown: for the i's newshour, m jeffrey brown at the yerkes national primate research center. ac woodruff: gloria steinem is a writer, authorvist and feminist, who at 85, still travels widely to help raise awareness for the gender equity issues she helped pioneer.

steinem reflects on her life in tonight's rief but spectacular," and in her updated edition of essay collections, "gloria steinem: outrageous acts of everyday rebellions." >> until the women's movement jume along and freed our heads and our hearts, assumed that you were not supposed to talk about having had an abortion, or even sexual affairs. there was not a tradition that allowed us to tell the truth. and i didn't question that. i had had an abortion. it allowed me to live my own life, not to marry someone for whom i would have been the wrong wife, and he would hav wrong husband. it allowed me to come home, and come a freelance writer. i would have had a proenundly difflife if i had been responsible for rearing a child. ( clap )

>> i think i learned that my childhood was not traditional, when i saw other kids going to school. we were living in a house trailer in the wintertime, traveling from michigan to florida, or californ and also, when i went to the movies, and i saw kids going to scthol and living in houses picket fences, and i thought, e ow great that would be." since then, i've c really appreciate the way i grew up. i just learned by reading and ing what i loved, which i think is a pretty good way of learning. the stories i'm most interestedl inng are stories that aren't being told. it's so much more interesting t write about thunknown that needs to become visible. and because i travel so much, i get to hear a lot of these stories, and to transmit them in writing. t what frustrates me the m

the degreend various kinds of violence against females. for the fi of, there are fewer females on earth than males. but it's also true that violence against females is the biggest indicator of all other vlence. n t because female life is any more important tle life. it is not. but because when we see dominance and violence in our homes and neighborhoods, it makes us assume that one groupom is born toate the other, and it's okay. people, at my age, do asasme, who am ing the torch to? and i always say, "first of all, k i'm keeping my torch, thu very much. and i'm using it to light other torches." because the problem is the image of one person with the torch. everybody needs a torch. that is a way better revolutionary image than one person with a torch.

my name is gloria steinem, and this is my "brief but spectacular" take on right now. >> woodruff: the one and only. and you can find additional "brief but spectacular" episodes on our website, www.pbs.org/newshour/brief.li online, a "fro" investigation has revealed thatp many more diagnosed with legionnaires' disease during the flint water crisis have died, from conditions commonly associated with the disease. you can find "frontline's" investigation online at www.pbs.org/frontline.d anthat is the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff.s joinline, and again right here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you, and we'll see you soon. t >> major fundinghe pbs newshour has been provided by: >> babbel. a language program that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french,

italian, german, and more. babbel's ten to 15 minut lessons are available as an app, or online. more information on babbel.com. >> bnsf ilway. >> consumer cellular. >> financial services firm raymond james. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

martha: hi. i'm martha stewart. what id i told you i woulcome to your home and teach you how to ck? from the best of the basics to the secrets of the spectacular, yo i'm about to tak love of cooking to a whole new level. welcome to "martha's cooking school," lessons and recipes for the home cook. "martha stewart's cooking school" is made possible by... therare racks of lamb ahead, ke tartlets to ta on, and crazy kn.e skills to perfe there is you and your kitchen and your fearless disposition. and when evesl plate's a blank e, there's so much more to make. americans buy more chicken than any other meat. specialty olive oils and wine vinars from the california sun and soil, made from mission olives crushed togetheric with whole orgitrus, and handcrafted varietal vinegars