captioning sponsored by wnet >> sreenivasan: this edition for saturday, april 27: another shooting, this time at a synagogue in california during passover celebrations; more than a dozen killed during a police raid againstlleged militants in sri lanka; and in our signature segment, a perilous journey in search for a better life. next on pbs newshour weekend. >> pbs newshour weekend is made: possible bernard and irene schwartz. sue and edgar wachenheim iii. seton melvin.ch thyl and philip milstein family. dr. p. royagelos and diana t. vagelos. the j.b. foundation. rosalind p. walter. barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding is provided

by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we're your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation foric puroadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. n rom the tisch wnet studios at lincoln centerw york, hari sreenivasan. >> sreenivasan: go evening, and thanks for joining us. there has been a shooting at a synagoe in poway, california, a community northeast of san diego. police say a 19-year-old man is in custody. he had an a.r.-style assault rifle in his car wn he was arrested. late this afternoon, police confirmed one person was killed and three are hospitalized. one ofhose is a child. their condition is unknown. here is what we do know at this hour. the shooting happened at about 11:30 a.m. pacific tpoe. the first s were on twitter. the san diego sheriff's office

tweeted, "deputi investigate reports of a man with a gun, please stay clear of the area," foowed by several people tweeting that the shooting happened inside the synagogue. one wrote: "police are going down the street, telling us to lock our doors and stay in our homes!"as today is theday of ulssover, and a full day of services was sch. we do not know how many people were inside when the shooting happened. we will continue to update this story on our web site, pbs.org/newshour. joining me now is chris jennewein, editor and publisher for the "times of san diego." chris, i know the number of injured and so forth, that's likely to change. but help our audience understand, what is this community like? >> this took place in poway, right on the western border ofn the city of ego. it is a suburban community that likes to call itself "the city in the sky." so, it's-- it is-- it's a little bit le urban than san diego. but it's a very welcoming

community. it's one thahas had synagogues in the area for a long time. and this is seenbis a very dist and tragic event. >> sreenivasan: considering e at happened in the synagogue in pittsburgh, he synagogues in that area taken y extra safety precautio over those past few months, kning that kind of an atta can occur. >> this was a chabad, which is relatively small. i do know that the major synagogue, the oldest synagogue in southern california, congregation beth israel, has taken additional steps since what happened in dopittsburgh. t know specifically about chabad in poway. >> sreenivasan: and is there an increased awareness in that community and elsewhere, considering just a week ago we had the horrible events in sri lanka on easter, and we've seen other events that end up coinciding with what should be joyous occasions and days?

>> well, there's been a small but significant increase in hate crimes in the southern california area. we had a fire set outside a muslim congregation in escondido, which is only about five miles north of poway. we have had an increased awareness recently in this community. >> sreenivasan: chris, any t thought go through your mind as you daar this news >> well, it's scary because we 'rke to think in san diego that we're tolerant, open, these kinds of things don't happen. they hitpen elsewhere. ertainly is an eye opener today. i guess the only good news is how rapidly the authorities responded. the first reports came in at 11:30 a.m. pacific time. there was an arrest made almost immediately. at this point, it seems, luckily, no fatalities, but certainly injuries and a tragedy in that. s enivasan: okay, thanks

so much. >> you're welcome. >> sreenivasan: new bombs and more deaths as the hunt for terrorists continues in sri lanka a week after hundreds were killed in easter sunday bombings. during an overnight raid in a town on the country's east coast, sri lankan security forces say 15 people, includingl six chdren, were killed. authorities say suicide bombers detonated explosives following a gunfight with sri lankan troops. they recovered an isis flag asll s bomb-making materials and detonators. this came ju hours after sri lanka's president promised a house-to-house search of theti country. security forces say the raids will continue. >> ( translated ): this won'tso stope won't stop either. we are the army. we are the type of people who protect the thuntry. we havability. we will definitely, during the coming timeframe, completely remove these groups from the northern province. we are sure of this. i say this with a personal responsibility. >> sreenivasan: sri lankan authorities are bling a local islamic extremist group for the

attacks, and isis has also claimed responsibility. sunday services at christian churches have been cancelled indefinitely across the cauntry as a pion. >> sreenivasan: passage from one country to another is never easy for migrants forced to depart or even flee their homes due to want or war or persecution. but one particular path within europe has become especially treacherous, though not enough so to stop the flow of people on a quest for a better life. newshour weekend special correspondent christopher livesay and videographer alessandro pavone have our report from the italian and french alps. >> reporter: these are the footsteps of people in search of a better life. they've ready traveled thousands of miles from cameroon, senegal, côte d'ivoire, and gambia.re now, thettempting to cross

the alps from italy to france, risking life and limb in freezing temperatures, on slippery ground. they move at night in order to ade detection. .n this border region, it's a nightly occurren these young men are not used to the biting cold. these ar risked their lives crossing the scorching sands of the sahara t desert, and th treacherous waters of the mediterranean sea. now, they're risking the a lives all ovin-- this time, to cross the alps. an estimated 10,000 people have crossed rough this treacherous mountain pass in the past year. driving them is the chance at a better future in more prosperous france or other northern european countries. in the same period, aid groups in the alps have rescued more than 5,000 migrants, somwho lost limbs due to frostbite. paolo narcisi is a doctor and the president of rainbow for africa, an italian charity that provides them with medical aid. >> ( translated ): oftentimes they lose their way, and they

take routes that are extreme dangerous. sometimes they go without proper winter clothing or without having ever seen snow before. we fear many have died in the process. several bodies have been found. but we'll never know the true death toll because there are wolves and foxes, animals that t cadavers. when you fall into a crevasse covered by snow, there's note guarsomeone will find your body during the spring thaw. >> reporter: to understand why migrants are taking such deadly risks, you have to look back to 2015. at the time, france's borders were open to its neighbors, according to e.u. protocols. c the devastating terror attacks in paris that killed30 people. while most of the attackers were french or belgian ciatzens, invests believe that at least two of them posed as refugees to enter europe. after e attacks, the borders were closed. then, last spring, french polica n cracking down on undomented crossings. due to its rugged terrain, one area that police couldn't seal

off completely was here in the alps. but migrants say no matter how bleak eir prospects in france, they are even worse in italy, where anti-migrant sentiment has been building. a so-called security law recently passed by parliament doubles the time undocumented migrants can be detained and eliminates humanitarian grounds for granting asylum to migrants unless they're specifically running from political persecution or war. m that means no more asylur victims of grave political instability, famine or harsh anti-gay laws in their home countries. the law was designed by italy's recently elected vice premier and interior minister, matteo salvi. he's also the leader of thent anti-migeague party. >> ( translated ): you're not fleeing war. you're not escaping torture. what do you have to do? go back to your country.e we already hve million italians living in poverty, so ' host hundreds of thousands of other people from the rest of the world. r

orter: having been denied asylum on humanitarian grounds, under this new law, migrants are ineligible to access shelters. u.n. agencies fear that thousands of migrants will end up on the stets. this as hate is on the rise. lunaria, aitalian civil society group, recorded 126 racially-motated violent crimes last year, nearly triple those of 2017. >> ( translated ): migrants were beginning to integrate. many found jobs or were learning italian and going to school. but now, out of fear, they want to crosshe border, fear of losing those few rights they had, and fear of the changing .political climate in ita at the same time, it pushes migrants out of the country and wins votes for the league. >> ( translated ): it's exactly the opposite, because we're trying to manage immigration in an orderly way. >> reporter: riccardo molinari is the house whip in parliament for salvini's league party. he represents the place ere migrants are attempting their dangerous crossings, the alpine

regionedmont that borders france. >> ( translated ): previously, the government pretended not to notice migrants, so they hoped that these people would eventually move on to northern europe. at aertain point, countries like austria and france began cracking down and closed their boeers with italy, and we w stuck with the problem. these people kept coming, and our migration system couldt ndle it. so, now, we either have to either repatriate themkeep them out. >> reporter: to keep them out, the new government has also ed italian ports to ship operated by private charities carrying migrantsl >> ( tred ): we blocked what was in fact an invasion of our country. we had an influx of 200,000 people per year, the large part of which were illegal. with the new government, we tightened the screws and reduced migrant arrivals by 95%. >> reporter: but in the meantime, you have hundreds of thousands of migrants who are already here. thousands of them have already orossed through the french alps. some have even dieurt themselves very severely. >> ( translated ): obviously, no one wants any harm to come to

these people, but th way to save lives is to prevent migrants from coming in the first place. >> reporter: as for those who are already in italy, some, like these migrants, are determined to get out. most are originally from former french colonies and sp french, something that didn't help them in italy but they hope will land them a job in france. some are prepared, others are not. one, named mory, says he's afraid to show his whole face, in case he gets caught. why are you risking your life? >> (translated ): i've been living on the streets in naples. people are racist here. >> reporter: they agree to let us follow them on their journey from italy to frkece. a bus tas us just a few hundred yards from the border. they're stopped by red cross volunteers and told to turn back

because of the physical danger. >> ( transl hurt, we have to take them back to italy, of course. he reporter: they ignore t warnings, but they don't know the y, so these guys are completely lost. they don't know which way the french border is. they head off-road to avoid being spotted. i'm pretty sure there's the police coming right up behind us. alihge soso is originally from gambia. he tells me that on his way to italy, passing through libya, he was arrested for illegal migration and abused while in detention in a migrant camp. first, you risked your life crossing the desert to libya. then, you risked your life crossing the sea to go to europe. and now, you're risking your life to cross the mountains. it's very, very dangerous. you're aware of this. they wander onto a ski slope and march into the unknownap no mno compass, no flashlight. soon, they'll have only the stars to light their path. it's roughly seven miles to the nearestown in france, but

that's if you cross through the official checkpoint. instead, they'll have to wend their way through icy peaks to avoid border patrol. they weigh their options. so, they want to turn around? al even, the risks become too great to continue filming. it's just getting wadatoo erous. they're climbing straight up a very, very icy mountain that'ser intended for s not for people who are lost, which includes me at this moment. we tell them we won't be accompanying them further. good luck. good luck. ok? the next day, italy's alpine rescue squad scours the same mountain for lost migrants. >> the major risk is hypothermia because, without the proper gear, you are more exposed to cold. >> reporter: we decide to cross

the border ourselves into briancon, fran, to see if they've survived. we check a local migrant shelter. we find one of the migrants from the group, issa diale from coôte d'ivoire. he tells a doctor that the freezing hike was more dangerous than he expected. he slipped and sprained his ankle. you're okay?e despis, you're okay? stai bene, tutto sommato? >> si, si. >> reporter: some of the others went to the briancon trainho station ping to get to paris. we find two of them, including ihge soso. >> reporter: alihge soso hopes find a job in paris. he has no money in his pocket, no education, and he doesn't speak french. and, according to french law, there's nothing stopping authorities there from sending cm back to italy. still, he thinks hnces there are better. both his parents recdied, he says, and his ten-year-old sister back home in gambia is

counting on hi so, you want to go to paris, make some money, and send it home for your sister? >> reporter: maybe that way, he says, she won't have to go through the same journey he did. >> sreenivasan: one in seven women experience depression during or afer pregnancy. one in five post-partum deaths is by suicide. lack of mental health support can cost mothers their lives. and that's why arizo psychologist sunni elugtar is on a mission to discover what moms need for lasting rezlience and well-being. >> when i first had brook, at as almost four years ago

now, oh, boy. my post-partum experience wasif completelyrent than what i had in mind that it would be.we ee all these highlight reels of the newbors babieand the moms that are smiling, and everybody looks so happy, and it's like it's all magical and it's going to be good. and,et, emotionally, i was very anxious, super anxious. i mean, i have family close by, and i-- they're so helpful, and, t, still oa day-to-day basis, we can feel very aone. >> when feelings of post-partum anxiety and isolation overwhelmed her, it caught bryan michael by surprise. yet her experience isn't unuamsl g new moms. >> the most common complication of giving birth isntal health issues. we screen every single mom,

every single mom. if you've beyen pregnant, a of you that has been pregnant know you have to pee on a stick antiy you go to a doctor's office. they're checking you for ketones and they're worried about diabetes, and hypertedges. but those are 3% to 5% risk whereas risk of post-partum mood orderisorder and anxiety di we're looking at 15% to 20%. we don't think of these asatal illnesses. but they are. they are fatal illnesses. ople die. >> while maternal death rates have declined by more than a third since 2000, everywhere else in th world, u.s. rates have jumped more than 25%. mental health plays a part in this public health crisis. suicide is the second leading cause of death innew mothers. and the complex pressures of new motherhood can make it hard to se help. >> there's always the sense of "i don't know what i'm doing. i'm not sure.

but there's this expectation that you should know what you're doing. it challenges you on the very core of who you have definedyo self as. nobody talks about that. >> that's where psychologist sumia luther com in. e wants to change how people talk about motherhood and how mothers talk to each other. >> it hit me a lot harder than i thought it would be. and thenyou know, when my kdsse get with it it's really hard. >> this is "authentic connections" a program luther developed to help mothers d networks of support that strengthen their resilience, their ability to adapt to adversity in a positive way. think of it as a book club, except you know where women get after the second glass of wine, we gt ride rite to it. it's getting to the nitty-gritty, to the real stuff, ssing around. and we have three months of that. that's pretty wild, isn't it? three months, once a week, where you have those rel, deep,

authentic connections. >> as a little girl in india, luther set out te beca child psychologist. her dream led her to the u.s. and to research on childhood resilience. that's where she no a missing piece in the science. >> basically whachild development experts would say is what kids need is for moms to function well, which is fine and good, except the story ended right there. there wasn't an investigation of so what happens here?el what h moms to function well? that started the investigation of understanding who mothers mommy. how do we make sure mothers get tendered themselves. >> through a series of studies, including a survey of nre tha 2,000 women, luther discovere f fotors that boost maternal resilience and well-being. >>ne was unconditional acceptance, i feel seen and loved fothe person i am. a second was, when i am in need, there is comfort for me,

dependable comfort. a third was satisfaction with friendships. and a fourth was what we call congruence. the person i am in my everyday life that people see is the same person that is deep within me. sosit's baally a congruence of authenticity-- i am authentic. i am myself in my everyday life. these four things. simple things. these are huge. well done. >> luther developed a model for facilitating groups that foster and then in 2016, she tested it out on a group of mayo clinic health professionals who were all mothers. >> they showed improvents in pretty much everything-- depression, stress, parenting stress, feelingoved, and even on the stress hormone cortisol. what's more, the benefits were even greater three months after the inteention was over, so this was not sort a flash in the pan while the groups are running. it's all goohd, and wen they're done it's over. >> brian micehael joined of luther's group out of

professional curiosity. she runs a business that tches stress-reduction techniques. but she found the relief and support she didn't realize she needed. >> one of the things that i would notice, which was kind of surprising, after i would come home from theeetings is how much more loving i would be, how much more patient i would be. it's like-- and that wasn't tentional, like i was trying to sthift that. it was just that with that experience of feeling loved and supported, my heart was more open. i've got my tickle hand! aahh! >> it's about creing these networks that exist for women as they do this, that they can call upon like this. say, "i'm hurting i' sad, i'm flailing. i'm shaky. mebody hold me," metaphorically. and there that person is. and it's not ke and its not

phony. it's real. it's loving. it's gentle. so for me, god, what a git. it's like magic watching this happen. laurie? >> hey, nikki, how are you? >> there you go. okay, hi. >> how are you doing? >> now siwnia luther is working to spread authentic connections across thetr countryining other facilitators and even setting up virtual >> i actually think it will be very effective in the sense it does focus on a coof key factors. it focuses on educating, normalizing, destigmatizing. and then the cool thing about her groups is also that she's pairing moms with the same similar chord. if you have a stm background, she'll pair way stem background, which kind of helps them have that, "this is my group. these people get me." i ju don't know how sy it will be to recruit because thema sts still there, judgment is still there. "i am not a priority beause i'm a mom and i have to take care of everybody else.

i am the cariver. i am the care receiver." >> removing those barriers requires the kind of chae that runs deeper than raising awareness or changing any individual mom's min >> have patients that really needed to take time off after having a babke and i tato them. i was like, "look, we're already strugglil. time off welp in terms of your mental health, regardless of if you had a history, youed hat time off." and they're like, "well, fiment to feed my oher kids, i have to go back to work." there is no arguing that. it's not a system tat is set for you to succeed. you struggle. you struggle. somehow, you succeed. you stggle again when you he the second baby. >> connections are not optional. they are essential. what we all need is love. and now you've got a way that you figured out how to do it in a pragmatic, in a fsible, scientifically based way. let's just do it.

that's it. >> this ipbs newshour weekend, saturday. >> sreenivasan: the san diego county sheriff has confirmed that one woman died in the shooting at a synagogue in the community of poway northeast of san diego. three others are hospitalized in stable condition. a 19-year-old man was arrested. he had an a.r.-style assault weapon in his car. >> at about 11:23 this morning, a white male adult entered the chabad temple. this individual was with a.r... a.r.-type assault weapon and opened fire on the people in the synagogue. >> sreenivasan: we will continue to update this story on our web site, pbs.org/newshour, and we will have more tomllrow. that's aor this edition of pbs newshour weekend. i'm hari sreenivasan. thanks for watching. have a good night. captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org >> pbs newshour wkend is made ssible by:

bernard and irene schwartz. sue and edgar wachenheim iii. seton melvin the cheryl and philip milstein family. dr. p. roy vagelos and diana. vagelos. the j.p.b. foundation. rosalind p. walter. barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding is provid by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we're your retirement company. addional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. be more.

hello. i'm greg sherwood. and here in northern california we're used to emergencies or every kind. in recent years we've dealt with severe drought and massive fes and we've learned the painful prepare.sary lessons about how but we all know another emergencis coming because major earthquakes that can strike at any time are central to our history. all know another one wi hit, and over the next half hour we'rgoing to look at the latest science and explain how you can be proactive and protect yoself and your loved ones we're going to be talking with our first guest in a few moments, but first we'd like to invite you to support kqed and take a big step in your emergency planning at the same time.el now, we've got two lfor you to consider. edge at kqed.org/donate orke a give us a call at 1-800-568-9999.