captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight: a decisive day in venezuela. opposition leader juan guaido clai to have military suppor as he declares the "final phase" of his push to oust president nicolamaduro. then, after a spate of attacks on houses oforship, we speak with faith leaders on how they are ensuring the sety of their congregations. plus, for children with dyslexia, traditional reading instruction often falls short. now, a new approach to teachg literacy is changing the lives of all students, with and without dylexia. >> i know that we're sending better readers tfirst grade now than we did, and first grade's going to send beer readers to second grade. and i feel that there's not

going to be as many students that fall through the cracks. >> woodruff: all that and more, on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: ♪ ♪ >> kevin. >> kevin! >> kevin? >> advice for life. lifeleell-planned. n more at raymondjames.com. >> ordering takeout. >> finding the west route. >> talking for hours. >> planning for show >> you can do the things you like to do with a wireless plan signed for you. th talk, text and data. consumer cellular. learn more at coumercellular.tvwa >> bnsf raily. >> babbel. a language progr that teaches anish, french, italian,

german, and more. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: >> possible by the corporation for public broadcaing. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: the power struggle in venezuela has taken a sudden, violent turn. the couny's opposition leader appealed to the military today to turn against the regime. thousands of protesters responded, but it was not clear whether the armed forces are indeed ready to shift allegiance. william brangham begins our coverage. >> brangham: the call for a military uprising came at dawn. opposition leader juan guaido, flanked by members of the venezuelan military near a basep

in theital, caracas. >> ( translated ): it is the moment. the moment is now. >> brangham: guiado was also joined by venezuela's most prominent opposition figure, leopoldo lopez, who had been detained since 2014. lopez said security edrces releim from house arrest. >> ( translated ): the majority ofeen and women in uniform aware that there has to be a change in venezuela, and we are appealing to all of them to join in this process of unification of armed forces with the people of venezuela. >> brangham: soon, hdreds of supporters heeded the calls, waving flags and signs and chanting solidarit as the day wore on, the crowds swelled into the thousands. >> ( translated ): defend freedom! out with tyranny. yes, the people can! down with tyranny. everyone out to the street! >> brangham: guaido insisted that this was not a military coup, but an effort to protect the country from president nicolas maduro, who is widely accused of stealing last year's election, and whom the u.s. and dozens of other nations have

called upon to step down. >> ( translated ): we know that all venezuelans, including the armed forces, are in favor of the constitution. what the soldiers are doing today, not only in caracas, but of the entire nation, is to be on the sidhe constitution. >> brangham: maduro, in turn, tweeted that this was a coup and that he still had the support of the country's military. on state television, his defense minister claimed only a "small" group of soldiers had joined the .prising-- and they were incited by the united stat >> ( translated e vehemently nject this new aggression, led by elements of tth american imperialism and those who are he showing their faces, those behind this, and their lackeys: the master and their slaves, here in venezuela. >> brangham: in short troops loyal to maduro fired tear gas to break up the crowds. ( gunfire ) the sound of gunfire echoed through the streets throughout

the afternoon, and a venezuelan national guard vehicle was seen running over several protesters who were throwing stones. today, president trump tweeted, "the united states stands with the people of venezuela an their freedom!" and, secretary of state mike pompeo insisted, "democracy cannot be defeated." national secity adviser johnd bolton joi later. >> it's a very delicate moment. i want to stress again, the present wants to see a peaceful transfer of power from maduro to guaido. that possibility still exists, if enough figures depart from the regime and support the opposition. >> brangham: elsewhere in the region, colombia's president, an duque, urged venezuelans to back guaido and reject what he called dictatorship.br hiilian counterpart, jair bolsinaro, also tweeted support for the opposition. m but two uro's key allies, cuba and bolivia, denounced today's rebellion, amed the u.s. for "provoking violence and death."

the last major confrontation in venezuela came in februapo, when tion activists tried to deliver humanitarian aid into the country. at least four people died, and scores me were wounded. all of this in a country that was once wealthy, but has descended into economioil in recent years, with hyperinflation, and skyrocketing debt. the country is also under crippling u.s. sanctions on its oil industry. >> woodruff: this evening president trump threatened a full trade embargo on cuba if its forces do not halt all operations in venezuela. we'll talk to the venezuelan opposition's ambassador in washington after the news summary. in the day's other news, president trump has proposed charging a fee to process asylum applications to the u.s. in a presidential memorandum gned monday, he said the asylum system is plagued by "random abuse." he also gave officials 90 days

to come up with new regulations. but the office of the u.n. high commissioner for refugees criticized the proposal. a spokesman said that seeking asylum is a fundamental human right. meanwhile, the department of homeland security is appealingey for more mo handle the surge of migrant at a congressional hearing today, acting secretary ofsaevin mcaleena his agency needs more and better facilities. >>hile our 2020 budget wil help address this crisis, we will need additional funding even sooner. gin the scale of what we'r facing, we will exhaust our resources before the end of this fiscal year. as i'm sure you're onl.stoo aware, dis not the only agency involved in the humanitarian crisiunfolding daily at our southern border. our partners at the department of health and human services are also on the brink of running out of resources. >> woodruff: in all, nearly 100,000 migrants crossed the u.s. southern border in march,

that is the mostn 12 years. the man accused of opening fire in a southern california synagogue pleaded not guilty today to murder and atmpted murder. 19-year-old john earnest appeared in court in san diego county for the first time since the saturday attack that left one person dead and wounded three. prosecutors said he had 60 rounds, but fired only eight to ten before his gun jammed. in northern mozambique, the misery keeps getting worse. widespread flooding has engulfed the region since tropical cyclone kenneth struck lastth sday, and the rain is still falling-- more than 22 inches so far. the death toll rose today to 41, and united nations officials said that conditions are holding back humanitarian efforts. >> despair is evident. as bad weather conditions stilla persisess to the most remote places remains difficult. there are reports of people who are complete isolated and in need of rescue. >> woodruff: the cyclone was the second to strike mozambique in

just six weeks. japan's emperor akihitic officially aed today, after a 30-year reign. he was the first japantee monarch todown in two centuries. crowds gathered in tokyo today to thank t popular akihito, who sought to bring the monarchy closer to e people, and to heal the wounds of world war ii. at midnight in japan, crown prince naruhito succeeded his father and became the new emperor. and, on wall street, the dow jones industrial average gained 38 points to close near 26,593. the nasdaq fell 66 points, and the s&p 500 added two. still to come on the newshour: a possible turning point in the political battle over venezuel president trump meets with congressional democrats about infrastructure, amid a brewing fight over subpoenas. a revolution in the way that students learn to read. and, much more.

>> woodruff: we return now to the anti-maduro protesch exploded on the streets of caracas, venezuela today. as night fell, it still wanot clear if the venezuelan military had heeded opposition leader juan guiado's call to abandonro president ma william brangham is back, and he talks with the u.s.en reprtive of venezuela's opposition. >> brangham: thanks, judy. understand more of what's going on in venezuela tonight, and how the opposition plans to proceed, i'm joined now by carlos vecchio. he is juan guaido's representative in washington d.c., and recognized by the united states as the official nknezuelan ambassador. mr. vecchio, tfor being here again on the newshour. this morning juan guaido in that video stood with mes of the

venezuelan military and said, "now is the time."be why did hieve that today was the day? >> becase today he announced the activation of the operation in order to put an ofen the usurping of poá of nicolas maduro. as interim president, he'sll g for venezuelans to demonstrate peacefully and also requesting military forces to support the venezuelans in order to recover our democracy. so that's where we are right now. we will continue on the streets peacefully until we achieve democracy again. this is not a single event. this is a process.ou soave seen in the last month how the determination of the people of venezuela is. we are there we will continue on the streets. an we are fully committed to conquer freedom again. >> brangham: here we re 12

hours since he issued that video saying i have the support of the military, and yet tonight we still don't know that the military is truly on guaido's side. is there any concern that this was a m prematue on his part? >> not at all. as i said, this is not a singl event. this is a process. we will continue on the streets. and wl e wilcontinue requesting the support of the military. the reality is that juan guaido is free. he's on e streets. leopoldo lopez, who was under house arrest, is free. the reality is thathe minister of defense of maduro, the chief of the supreme court of maduro, and the commander of the presidential guard wereg negotiate exit of maduro. lityou will see the rea there. so the majority of the people of venezuela and the majority of the military force, they ares. with they are expecting a change. and we will continue to do that until we conquer our freedom. >> brangham: as you well know, the venezuelan military is obviously crucial in all of

this. but as you also know, the maduro regime has been funneling a lot ofoney, state industries toward the military to keep their support. what will it finally take to get them to change their loyalty? >> well, again, we need unilateral determination. we have been putting pressure on three different levels, on the streets with the people. we will continue to do that. tomorrow we are calling for massive demonstration across the untry. and al will continue putting pressure through the national assembly, the only democratically elected institution in our country.d ain, the international community will be an important actor to increase that pressure. and in that way wecan force a peaceful transition in our ruuntry. >> brangham: the administration again today, several officials called for that peaceful transition to occur. we also had one u.s. senator, rick scott of florida, call for the u.s.o deoy its own military to the venezuelan border. uld you support that idea? >> we have a clear instruction

fr our interim president, juan guaido. just move the people, get the support of our military force, and the pressure from the international community. that's where we are. i don't have any doubt that we will achieve democracy again >> brangham: there are several other nations that are supporting maduro and trying he keep him up. the cubans, we know, have something of a paramilitary force. we saw them on the streets toda of caracas. they're supporting him. the russians are also. the how do you surmount those nations' influence in this whol ocess? >> if you have seen, this is not a fight between the maduro regime and the united states. juan guaido has been recognized for more than 54 countries. the free world is with us. it is supporting the venezuelan cause, and also the region. the latin american countries who are within the lima group, they are supporting our cause, as

well. so we have the majority of the international community supporting our a movemend i don't have any doubt that this combination with a domestid force th pressure from the international community willou conque freedom. >> brangham: tomorrow is may day. as you said, there are going to be enormous protests across the country. will juan guaido attend those protests, and is there anf. concern that if w he does sho on the streets and is rallying people that he might be arrested? >> he will do it. i mean, he is going to be there tomorrow. at's going to call for these massive demonsns, not only in caracas but across the country, as i said, and i mean, they haven't done it in the last three months. juan guaido has been walking on the street, you know, getng in contact with our people, and if they try to arrest juan guaido, iny view, that will validate the process of change in venezuela. >> brangham: all right. carlos vecchio recognized by the u.s. as the venezuelan ambassador.

ank you so much for yome. >> thank you for having me. >> woodruff: there were hints, actually, of bridging the political divides between houss democrd the white house today. but, as lisa desjardins reports, tensions over thbalance of power remain. >> stahl: amid a mounting legal showdown between congressional democrats and president trump over oversight... >> we just had a very productive meeting with the president of the united states. >> desjardins: ...a rare, bipartisan $2 trillion general agreement between president trump and democratic leaders, on a historically elusive,ed desperately-nelan to rebuild america's aging infrastructure. >> there was good will in thisme ing. and that was different than some of the other meetings we've hade and that is good thing. >> desjardins: house speaker nancy pelosi, and minority leader chuck schumer praised

mr. trump's commitment to the issue. the white house, too, lauded the meeting, in a statement as "excellent and productive," adding, "the president looksor forward tong together in a bipartisan way." but there was quite an elephant- in the ra series of investigations by house , mocrats into president trump, his administratid the findings of special counsel robert mueer's russia probe. >> we're fighting all the subpeonas. >> desjardins: last week, mr. trump pledged to be ck thforts. today, pelosi and schumer insted that democrats can both-- broker policy deals with the president, and investite him. >> i believe we can do both at once. we can come up with some good ideas on infrastructure. and, the house and the senate caproceed in its oversight responsibilities. the two are not mutually exclusive, and we are glad he didn't make it that way. >> desjardins: so far, the administration mostly has stonewalled house democrats'

probes. subpoenaed officials have refused to testify or produce documents on issues ranginfrom the president's tax returns to mr. trump's attempts to limit the mueller investigation. attorney general bill barr has threatened to not testify thursday about the mueller orport, because house democrats would like their ays to ask some of the questions. this as mr. trump his children have filed a lawsuit against two banks in an attempt to block those banks from complying with houses subpoemanding trump financial information. the lawsuit says democrats are the subpoenas to "harass mr. trump. ict house democrats, like house financial serv committee chairwoman maxine waters, are digging in.ma >> hfile a lawsuit, but that's not the end of this game. >> des pursue lawsuits and subpoenas against the president in court, they'll keep meeting with him in person to talk infrastructure.

the next sit-down is ped to happen in three weeks. >> woodruff: and lisa desjardins joins me now, along with our white house correspoent, yamiche alcindor. hello to both of you. yoyamiche, i'll start with it sounded like the two sides are ready to work together. we heard them in lisa's piece. but what are they saying at the white house about what this looks like? >> welk we've definitely been here before, judy. the president has said that it's inucture week on several different occasions without an infrastructure bill actually being passed. what we do know is that this meeting went a lot dierent than past meetings between the president and democratic leadership. in the past the president hasou stormewhen talking about immigration. this meeting the white house said was oductive and iwas actually excellent. the two sides came together on that figure, $2 trillion for infrastructure. the issue, of course, is that both sides have different ideaso on how to up with that $2 trillion. the white house is interested ir ate and public partnership. the democrats have other ideas. the president i'm to ld andhe

told reporters that the president didn't bring up oversight and the idea that elhe harassed by the idea of the democrats lookino his finances and the mueller report some this means the president is willing to go forward on infrastructure. the big thing is there were not republicans at this meeting. i put the question the president schumer, are republicans going to be at the next meeting? he said no. the president said "i lead on this." so essentially the president's party is letting the presgoent forward with infrastructure. they will come in at a later date. so things are looking better than in the past. >> woodruff: so lisa, u have been talking to democrats. what are they saying about the meeting and what the prospects look like? democrats feel they gained a little bit of important ground here in that the president said he want infrastructure money nos to go for bridges and roads, traditional concept, but something dt emocrats wanry badly, which is rural broadband. that's also something a lot of rural republicans need very much, as well. they feel like that was a win. presidentsay the agreed to use some of this money to make the grid more effi that's something that democrats

say is related to climate change, for example. as for republicans, yamichhas it exactly right. when you talk to senate and house rep'rublicans, th waiting this out. they are used to this president putting a claim in the g und and movis position. they are going to wait to see what his final positio is. one open question is whther the president would support a goldman sachs to fund this. -- a gastax to fund this. he's admitted he's open it to. that's something congressional republicans generally do not ke. >> >> woodruff: you negligenced, yamiche, the investigation democrats are conducting in thel wake of the mler report. what is the white house thinking at this point about how it's going to respone >>, there are a number, of course, of investigations that suing, but thepu president essentially is saying, i don't want to work with eongress, because i see them as a bid organization, and the idea is that he thinks that because he allowed his aides to talk tmueller's team, he doesn't want them to go up and be testifying at congress. i talked to a source today at the whe house that said there isn't a blanket directive to

say, don't work with congress at al w they say tht to work with legitimate claims. that's a key thing, because the ite house is saying they don't see as legitimate inquiries into how jared kushner got his security clearan, per se. >> woodruff: lisa, what are democrats thinking as they pursue these investigations? >> democrats say that they think therthis an advantage ei way to whether the president cooperates or not. overall they say, we wt more information on more investigations as much as we can get, includi the muell report. but they say if the president refuses to all someof his executives to testify or if he refuses to hanover document, democr build up a legal case in court for saying there is a constitutional concern, that he must cooperate. >> woodruff: lisa desjachins, ya alcindor, thank you. >> thanks.

>> woodruff: stay with us. coming up on the nshour: securing the safety of religious congregations after attacks on religious houses of worship. and, speaking with emily chang, author of the newshour-"new york times" booclub pick, "brotopia." but first, the reading gap among school children in this country is disturbing. fewer than 40% of 4th and 8th graders are considered proficient readers. there is a push to change how students are taught to read, and it is being led by parents whose children have dyslexia. special correspondent lisa stark, of our partner "education week," reports from arkansas for our education segment, "making the gre." >> reporter: meet the families who changed how every child in arkansas will learn to read.

because they know what it's like. >> reporter: leading the charge, e'die alumbaugh: >> reporter: hamber jones. >> our youngest daughter, she could not figure out reading from the get-go. to second grade and he kind of fell apart. >> my kid is crawling under the table, stomach-aches, doesn't want to go to school. we're in tears. >> reporter: they all discoveres what the schould not seem to-- that they had children or family members with dy, says dixie evans. >> not being able to get help, from the schooe people that are supposed to know, that are supposed to have the answers...

i saw how it impacts every fiber of the family, which is what everybody here says, and there's just no need. we have a system in place to fix is. >> that system includes explici instruct phonics, teaching students howletters and sounds go together to he the brain process the written word. >> if we have the word "brush," b-r-ush. an we wanto take away lthe b, we aret with... >> rush. >> very good. we absolutely know this is the best way the teach children to read. >> the national center on immoving literacy says this approach works well with allju students, no those with dyslexia. >> we know without a doubts that reading is not a natural process.

reading has be taught. and it needs to be taught systematically. >> here's what that looks like at spring hill elementary in greenbrier, arkansas. for students with characteristics of disectionback they get intensive reading instruction. >> rain. >> i tried to trick y'all on that one. very good. >> why are you in that group? what's that for? didn't danny, do you want to say something like that? >> to help spell better. >> read better. >> write better.e, >> cord, and danny are taught the use their senses of touch, feel, and improvement, to help imprint words into their brains. >> it heps me writit. >> so it helps to pound the word out and tap the word out? >> yeah. >> why is that, do you think? >> because yout're sounding each letter. >> reporter: and letters

become words. words beome stories. reading is no longer something to avoid. >> now i know a lot about reading and like when i go to attack a book, i won't g stuc on a big word. >> i would like to see words and just see them in in order and keep on reading. >> are you able to do that at all yet? >> somewhat. >> for those who can't read well aby the end of third de, there are lifelong consequence, including higher school drop-out and poverty rates.ra arkansasks in the bottom third of states when it comes to reading, and this group is determined to change that. they have fought for laws to transform reading instction, often battling an education establishment resistant to change says dallas green. >> they didn't want us around. they would see u educational things, and it would be like, oh, lord, herethey are. >> but perseverance paid off.ve

years and at least eight bills later, arkansas is revamping everything from dyslexia screening to reading instruction to teacr take and licensing, costing the state $6 million a year. >> statewidee've embraced it. it's not been easy. >> not easy but a watershed moment says scy smith, who oversees curriculum and instruction in arkansas. >>h we saw schools who started implementing dyslexia programs kind of more school-wide and all of a suddeni reading literacy results ware improving, it was kind of that moment of, a second, not all these kids are dyslexic. >> good. >> this typof reading instruction is the most beneficial for early readers. that was the conclusion the federally napointed nat reading panel nearly two decades ago. >> there is actual scientific evidence about how students learn to read. it's largely been ignored.

>> ignored largely because of years of ideological fights over how to best teach reading. should lessons be heavy in phonics and steeped in good literature? liz says sure kids need tim with good books, but their first step is comprehensive phonics. that's why the state is movin to teach every student this way. >> what have we done toon generaof kids that we didn't really teach to read? iningkansas is now ret thousands of its educators who were never taught this method of teaching. >> when i fst started teaching, i honestly didn't know how to teach kids to read. i didn't. i taught them some sight words. i taught them the letters and what sounds they make. and i hope that they put it all together. rush. >> teacher miranda heyham no

longer has thope. she knows kids are learning to read. >> we're sending better readeto irst grade than we did. first great will send better readers to second grade. i yel like not as man students will fall through the cracks. >> this is happening around the countrawith parents ng the way. over 40 states have laws, pilot programs, or bls ready to be signed around reading and dyslexia. but the requirements andat ma vary widely. in arkansas, by the school yearl 2021elementary and special ed. teachers must show that they know how tteach reading based on the science. at spring hill, they will beat that deadle. r principal stephanie worthy, this is personal.er remethat student, ace newland, that's her son. >> was an educator and i struggled with my own child and had this not come out and i was able to learn about diselectionback i wouldn't -- list alexa, i wouldn't have been

able to help my own child, never mind other children. >> so is this approach working? >> reading is kind of fun for me noowthat i know h and stuff.ti(x they haven't yet proved the needle on state tests. for those pushing for the changes, there is little doubt they will. >> would you say teaching your a childrifferent way has made a difference for your child. >> yes. >> oh, definitely. >> how much of a difference? >> life changing. >> completely.f >> lie changing when children are truly learning to read. >> now add boo. >> boo. >> good job. >> reporter: for "education week" and the pbs newshour, lisa stark, in greenbrie arkansas. >> woodruff: the shooting at a synagogue in california is just the latest in a series of attacks at houses of worship,

here and abroad. these assaults have ineased in recent years, and are often tied to racism, bigotry and outright hate crimes. like school shootings, these incidents are raising profound questions about how to protect sacred spaces. >> this is our response. a full shul. packed. >> woodruff: a rabbi's words of healing, in the same synagogue where, two days earlier, gunshots rang out. the attack weighed heavy on the congregation's mind at a memorial service last night for lori kaye, the woman who died. >> we're at ground zero, the very place where an anti-semitic terrorist came to tear us down. >> woodruff: attacks at houses of worship are not limited to or focused on just one religion. bombings at churches and hotelsa in sri lankaster left more than 250 people dead. a month before that, a gunman

slaughtered 50 people at two mosques in christchurch, new zealand. here is no place in new zealand for such acts of extreme and unprecedted violence. >> woodruff: tragically, these are the latest in a spate of assaults that have increased in recent years. in october, 11 people were gunned down by a white supremacist in a pittsburgh synagogue. 25 people died in a shooting at a church in sutherland springs, texas, in 2017. in 2012, a gunman killed six at a sikh temple in oak creek, wisconsin, rattling fah leaders nationally. >> we've always had this, you know, fear that there is some incident might happen, but we did not expect that this would be at this scale. >> woodruff: black churches in the u.s. have been frequent targets of racist attacks historically, particularly during the jim crow and civil

rights eras.de that incthe 1963 bombing of the 16th street baptist church in birmingham, alabama. four african american girls werl kied during church services.5, in 2 white supremacist murdered nine parishioners at a historically black church in charleston, south carolina. a juew weeks ago, three churches were set on fire in a single louisiana parish, in separate incidents. and we should note, the governor of wisconsin visited that sikh temple todayecs part of a l appreciation. this all comes amid a rise inme hate c let's look at a range of voices about the targeting of religious sanctuaries. ours is a small sampli of leaders of faith around the country. shakila ahmad, the first feme president of the islamic center of greater cincinnati. she is a founding member of the "muslim-jewish advisory

council," a national group of business, political and religious leaders. rabbi devorah marcus is with temple emanuel in san diego, not far from the attack in poway earlier this week. ted elmore is a pastor with the southern baptists of texas convention. and, bishop eugene sutton is the head of the episcopal diocese of maryland. we welcome all of youd to newshour. some of us can hardly belief we're even having this conversation. we really appreciate you joining us. i want to ask each one of you how all this is affecting you and your congregation. i want the sart with you, rabbi marcus, because you are located not far from where the attack ok place just a few days ago. >> thank you. obviously the events of saturday have had a profound impact on

the entire jewish community globally and especially in san diego. oujewish community in san diego is a close-knit one. i can't think of a ngle congregation where someone in the congregation didn't know lori kaye because of her profound involvement in acts of repairing the world. she was a very active member of oujewish community, really a tremendous representative of what makes our community woerful and everything thwe take pride in. so our congregants are bot personally affected by the loss of a dear frienoud an communally affected because our synagogues, our churches, our mosques, our places of worship, these should be a safe space, and right now it does not feel safe at all. >> woodruff: ted elmore,or paelmore, what about you and what about your congregation there? >> judy, we look at this with a great deal of sadness. in fact, we have prayed for the

congregation in california as well as in pittsburgh and other places. i myself worked with sutherland springs, and there were actually 26 that were slain in this shooting. it is a profound evil that has come upon us. and it is evidence of a broken world and certainly broken lives that perpetrate these crimes >> woodruff: shakila ahmad in ciinnati, of course the muslim faith has been affte its own way. how are you? how is your community reacting right now? >> you know, i thinkpeoplre trying to be very strong. there should be really focusing on, you know, spiritually getting ready for the month of ramadan, which begins next week, but horrific incidents that have taken place in san diego, in sri lanka, obviously christchurch, new zealand, have, you know,

ple'sy been heavy on peo hearts. at the same time, we really have had to step back and reassess as to howit is that we can provide a safe community and then how it is that we can, you know, be in prayer and in spiritheith s who are hurting because of this profound and deep hatred which is being manifested in outright acts of violence against innocent people >> woodruff: i wa to talk to all of you in just a moment about how you're responding to this, but bishop sutton, what abt you? we are reminded that even when these incidents happens far away, thousands of miles, not even in this country, we still feel them. >> yes, and the largest city in my diocese the diocese of maryland is baltimore. baltimore, maryland, is nong st to violence, and unfortunately we have witnessed violence in our churches for some time, even had the shooting of a middle east in -- of a weiest by a church secretary

leader some do respond with prayers and outpouring of compassion to our bady of the lathers and sisters, our jewish brothers and sisters. our muslim brothers and ters. one thing we will not do is our mouths. we believe that god is also calling us to act, and our actions are how can we prevent this and how can we be an even more effective witness to peace and justice. >> woodruff: lt's talk about that. rabbi marcus, what steps are you taking at your synagogue in southern california? are you actively taking steps to secure, to make it a safer place? >> yes. we've worked for years the makeo ouregation as safe as possible with the recognitionl that when eople seek to do harm, they often will figure ou a way.

so for us in the jewh community, this profound rise of anti-semitism that we he witnessed, because it has been a profound rise, has been going on for several years now. before that there was always fear. there had been attacks at jewish community centers and at synagogues, anti-semitic incidents throughout the centuries. pically and historically america has been a safe place, but especially in the st few years as we've seen this profound uptick in anti-semitic incidents nationally and internationally. we have worked very proactively. we have a robust security committee that works with ourf local law orcement and f.b.i. office to ensure that we are creating as comprehensive a security plan as possible to be as proaasctiv possible. we don't want to wait until something bad happens. we want to preventthing bad from happening if we can. >> woodruff: ted elmore, wha about in your community in texas. ree you going so far as the make

sure to thare armed guards around the church? >> that a local church decision, but many local churches do have armed guards. now, the church where i pastor, first baptist franklin texas, we do have a security team that is made up of ex-law enforcement. some arenow lawrcement, and so our security begins on the parking lot. we have cameras, we have monitor, and our men walk arou. doors are locked after, for example, in baptist life, weda have sschool. so we always have security in the children's area. but when a certain room is used at segment of the building is used, we lock those doors. so we watch for the strange and for the unknown. i have just written a piece called "instant preparation and recovery" we sent to 2,600 churches to help them make prior -- prayer as a first response in seeking protection of god and yet being priewntd --

prudent and wise in looking at how we can safely prepare in case one of these es were to occur. >> woodruff: shakila ahm what about in cincinnati at the mosques yoare involved with? what sort of security precautions hau had to take? >> well, you know, i think sadly even though we we always very cognizant, we have really had to step up a number of ways to secure andelp people fel comfortable when they come in to really connect with their creator. and so one thing we've had to do is really increase actually hiring off-duty police officers in order to be on site with police cruiss. we have had to beef up the security team as one of my other colleagues mentioned, and provide them training in order to be vigilant anbe able

to, you know, be eyes and ears when a thousand other people are focused on their worship, we've enhanced our c tmeras acroe campus, put in a perimeter fence. but i will tell you, we are constantly seeking ways in order to be able to whether it's potential security grants orab coation with the jewish community and our other faith leaders to know ho it is hat we can really allow people to come to thpse holces of worship and be safe and fee secure. >> woodruff: bishop sutton, what about you? what about in baltimore and maryland how are churches staying safe? >> well, our churches are going to take all reasonable precautions and safety measures as reasonable and as spiritually helpful. here's what i mean: we're not going to become armed camps. we're not going to be fortresses. we're not going to meet violence

with violence. this is something that goes to the core of our faith. in this nation of ours, one of the things sadly that we export are our values of being wedded to violence and our attachments to guns and bombs and implement of violence as a way to stop violence. we have to end thatycle. the one that we hold to in our ith is jesus of nazareth. and he eschewed violence, and he did with his followers, as well. martin luther king took up those ethics of his and also such people as gandhi and the dalai lama. in each of those cases, ey onve really shown that it is non-violence and-violent responses that are most helpful in the long run. >> woodruff: rabbi marcus, this message of notng resorto guns, to tools of violence, weapons of violence, even in

self-defense is i'm sure a conversation you had, you know, in your own community. how did you resolve that? >> we had a long conversation amongst our leadership about whether or not to ove to a level of security that includeso armed guards. in the end we made that choice to move to armed guards for a number of different reans one, as was demonstrated at abad, first of all, it decreases the appearance of pleng a soft target, and peo who come in to do these attacks often flee immediately when theo are coed with other people who are armed and trained. so we didn't do this because we glorify violence or we celebrate guns. we're very much not in favor of violent culture. we made the transition towitch to armed guards because we felt that it was the best way to keep eryone in our conity safe. >> woodruff: and in just the few minutes we have left, want

to ask ted elmore about this. do>> well, i gree with the bishop that we worship jesus ofu nazarethi also agree with the rabbi. it is my responsibility and our responsibility as leaders in the faith community to protect our flock from the wolves, and there is erno greolf than an assassin. and so we take priewntd measures to protect our children and toot t our elderly, praying every moment that those measures of neutralizing a shooter never have to happen. but when you hve looked into the faces of people who have lost 26 -- 26 -- alst half of the room that particular day, and you hug thoum andalk with them for a year, youre ize that we have to takeap opriate measures. >> woodruff: do you want to comment? >> especially for my brosithers aners in the jewish faith and the muslim faith, yes, armed

guards i understand that, not arm worshipers. we can't have our places ofol sacredspaces be armed camps. that goes against everything that our values ae about. because we firmly believe that when we put ou trust in god, that is best in the long run, and again, tust's the geni of the civil rights movement, as well. >> woodruff: well, i know this is something ery congregation is wrestling with on its own. finally, shakilahmad, the muslim center, islamic center of cincinnati, how did you come down on this question? >> well, as i said, you know, i think our vehicle has been to really leverage people who are experienced and have he ability to act and act very quickly. that ibnot a urden that a congregation should have to bear. so for that reason i think the off-duty police officers, even though it's incredible added

expense on our community as well as hirinappropriate security individuals and then training our worshipers to be, you know, eyes and ear, but not be the ones that have the burden of caring firearm >> woodruff: such a difficult conversation. thank you all for joining us.ah shakilad, rabbi devorah marcus, ted elmore, and bishop eugene sutton, thank you >> thank you. >> thank you for the opportunity. >> thank you very much. >> woodruff: finallyonight, one author's not-so-pretty picture of silicon valley. jeffrey brown has our conversation for "now read eris," our book club partnip with the "new york times." it's part of the ongoing "canvas" series on the arts and culture. >> brown: silicon valley has

often been portrayed as a very positive "revenge of the nerds," socially inept awkward young men using their brains and compuilr to change the world and enrich themselves, but lawsuits and news reports in recent years have offered a darker side of that story, one of overt sexism in the industry. our april book club pick shines a spotlight on that culture with its own vengeance. it's titled "brotopia: breaking up the boys' club of silicon valley." journalist and author emily chg is host of the show "bloomberg technology" she joins us to answer ders' questions. welcome. thanks for being part of this. >> thanks for having me and thank you for choosing the book this month. >> brown: start off by explaining "brotopia." what do you mean by that? what were you after here? >> in my mind "brotopia" encapsulates this idea of siliconealley as a modern utopia where anyone can change the world, anyone can make their own rules. >> brown: that is the pitt. >> that is the myth. if you're man, you can do that, but if you're a woman, it's

incomparably harder. it shows in the number. women hold 2% to 25 of jobs. they account for 9% ofst ins. women-led companies get just 2% of venture capital funding. in a place that is changing the world, changing all of our lives every day, we think ofech founders and vision nairs as people who look like steve jobs ane look likmark zuckerberg and there is a lot of people, at least 50% of theat popn who don't fit that profile. >> brown: okay. let's go to one of our video questions from one of the readers.r >> yousearch follows a particular industry and its culture in the ways in which it excludes women. if you were to resotearcher industries, perhaps the automotive or industrial manufacturing, would you expect to find a similar bro culture elsewhere? >> think bro open "brotopia" is everywhere in most industries new york most corporations, what i think thasilicon valley, what sets it apart is the sense of arrogance and moral

exceptionalism that i believe makes silicon valley and the eeople running it a bit mor blind. the reality is women are not part of the decisions being made in these indusrotries. >> bwn: next question. >> could women help themselves professionally by not following the rules so tighd so often? >> i think women have a huge role to play in speaking up. at's why we're here over the last year or two years. we've seen women speaking out, women having the courage to come forward and telling their stories, and that is making change. but this is not justn women. both women and men can be advocates for each other, can advocates for those who are in the minority. so that women and minoriti h don't jue a seat at the table, but they have a voice at that table. and th voice is heard and incorporated into the decisions that are being made. you went into lurid detail in some of this.lo a of detail of parties that this next question refers to. >> i have come across several different accounts of the sex parties you describe in yourok i am curious as to what

journalistic standards you used in describing these events. >> i spo dke toozens and dozens of people to write that chpta. women and men who were part of this scene. san francisco and the bay area has long been a place of sexual exploration, exploring sexual freedom, but women can't participate with the same level of respect and credibility that men could some if women participated in this social scene, they were sort of disrespected and discredited, whereas men gained sort of mor respect, more credibility, more power as a result of it. and to m it was evidence of yet another double standard. >> brown: let's go to our nextqu videtion. >> how do you research tech centers, others in silicon valley to, see if bias in tech exists there, too. if so where and what did you find? >> what i heard oved over again when i was writing this book was, well, silicon valley

can't possiblyworse than finance. actually, it is if you lok the top banks, they're actually about 50/50 when it comes to men and women. they have lot of work to do when it comes to women in leadership position, but what makes wall street different than silicon valley is you have a lor more mcompanies with built-in infrastructure, human reurces operations that yo don't have in silicon valley. there aren't necessarily rules in place. s that is where thill through. >> >> brown: are there signs of hope from when you first stad reporting on this? >> there are signs of hope. first of all,if you lo at the numbers, the latest diversity report that facebook and googc haven'nged much, but what we have seen is a huge aim ofee emplctivism, advocacy. we saw 20,000 employees walk out of google offices around the world because they were upset ledut how the company hand sexual misconduct. men and women. and as a result, gogle has changed some of its policies. we've seen shareholders push

amazon to diversify their board and now amazon's board islmost half women. but it is going to take a long time to change e numbers. it doesn't have to take forever. i believe if there is a will willhere is way. this can happen much more quickly. that's the reason we need to ep the pressure on. >> brown: all right. the book is "brotopia: breaking up the boys' club of silicon valley." emily chang, thank you very much. >> thank you so much for ving me. >> brown: and let me thank all of my viewers who sent in questions. for may we're turning a very different kind of book, one about the man of many turns, that would be homer's odysseus and his epic "the odyssey," but this is told in a contemporary and personal mode of alassics professor, a son who invites his and learn together.n his class it's called "an odyssey" by daniel mepgd -- mend lson. as always we hope you'll read along d get insights from the author himself. it's all part of our ow read

rkis" book club in partnership with "the new imes." >> woodruff: with that, that's the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff.in join us onand again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank e u and we'll u soon. >> major funding for the pbs newsrour has been pvided by: >> babbel. a language program that teaches spanish, french, italian, german, and more. >> consumer cellular. >> fancial services firm raymond james. >> bnsf railway. >> the ford foundation. workinwith visionaries on the frontlines of social change worldwide.co >> carnegioration of new york. supporting innovations in education, democraticme enga, and the advancement of international peace and security. at carnegie.org.

>> and with the ongoing support of these ititutions and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbe station from v like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, c captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org >> you're watching pbs.

hello, everyone, and welcome to "amanpour & company." here's what's coming up. >> we need to battle darkness with light. >> in california another fatal synagogue shooting, and in spain a far right party enters parliament for the first time since franco's fascist. what does it say about the global spread of fascism? >> and one of the world's leading experts on the nationalist way. then young people around the world force climate change on the agenda. plus, on being john delorean