captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> brangham: good evening. i'm william brangham. judy woodruff is away. on t "newshour" tonight, one million species at risk: the united nations lays out how humans are accelerating the potential of extinction for species across the planet. then a dual lookt rising tensions-- north korea launches test missis, and the u.s. moves an aircraft carrier into the persian gulf sooner than pected. plus amy walter and tamara keith join us to analyze a busy weekend of campaigning by the 2020 presidential hopefuls. and masterworks by aist jean-michel basquiat, now on display in t neighborhood where he got his start, new york's east village. >> unlike a lot of us who were justere experimenting with a and our, our voice as artists, basqui knew early on, before

any of us, that he was going to be famous. >> brangham: all that and more on tonight's "pbs newshour." >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: ♪ ♪ moving our economy for 160 tars. bnsf, the enginet connects us. babbel. a language app that teaches

real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. babbel's 10-15 minute lessons are available as an app, or online. more information on babbel.com. >> consumer cellular. >> financial services firm raymond james. >> the william and flora hewlett foundation. for more than 50 years, advancing ideas and supporting institutions to promote a better world. at www.hewlett.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation forc puroadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs

ation from viewers like you. thank you. >> brangham: a million plant and animal species are on the edge of extinction. that's according to a new united nations report out today on biodiversity. scientists attributed the unprecedted threat to the "relentless pursuit of economic growth."e we'll have m the devastating impact human actions are having on nature, rightth aftenews summary. the u.s. has deployed an aircraft crier to the middle east amid reports iran was preparing to possibly attac u.s. troops in the region. national security adviser john bolton issued a statement sunday night, saying the u.s. wil "send a clear and unmistakableto messaghe iranian regime that any attack on united states interests will be met with unrelenting force." and today while in finland,se etary of state mike pompeo coid the u.s. has seen enough evidence to causern.

>> we have continued to see activity that leads us to believe that there's escalation that may be taking place. so we're taking all the appropriate actions both from a security perspective as well as our ability to make that sure the president has a wide range of options in the event that something should actually take place. >> brangham: we'll have more on the u.s. military's moves later in the pgram. back in this country, a bipartisan group of more than 370 federal prosecutors have ulgned a statement saying that president trump have been charged with obstruction of justice-- if he were not president. special counsel robert mueller declined to charge mr. trump with obstruction, but he did not exonerate him. meanwhile, attorney general william barr missed today's deadline to hand or mueller's full, unredacted report on his russia investigation. the house judiciary committee will vote wednesday on whether to holbarr in contempt of congress. president trump's former personal lawyer michael cohen reported to fedel prison in new york today.

he was sentenced to three years for lying to congress and for violating campaign finance law by arranging hush money payments for two women who claimed to have had affairs with mr. trump. acohen took one final swi his former boss as he was swarmed by reporters outside his new york city apartmt. >> i hope that when i rejoin my amily and friends that the country will be place without xenophobia, injustice and lies at the helm of our country. there still remains much to be told and i look forward to the day that i can share the truth. >> brangham: cohen cooperated with the mueller probe and with separate, ongoate investigations into the trump organization and into spending on the president's inauguration. investigators in russia are the treasury department denied a request from houseleemocrats to e president trump's tax returns. treasury secretary steven

mnuchin said the request lacked a legitimate legislative purpose. investigators in russia are trying to piece together what caused a plane to csh land in moscow yesterday and burst into ames, killing at least 41 people. survivors fled for their lives as smoke billowed from the aeroflot plane. vestigators recovered the jet's flight recorders, but haven't yet been able to pinpoint the cause of the disaster. >> ( translated ): investigators are looking at different versions of the incident-- thati tht and other staff were under qualified, that the plane was broken, and bad weather conditions. >> brangham: russian media reported that the pilot said the plane lost radio communicatis after it was struck by lightning. and there was a tense calm in gaza tod, after hamas announced a ceasefire deal with the israeli government. violence over the weekend killed nearly 30 people. it was the deadliest fighting since the 2014 war. some palestinians began the muslim holy month of ramadan hoong ruins, as families buried some of the 25 wied. most were civilians.go the israeli vernment claimed

its strikes targeted militants. palestinian rockets so killed four israeli civilians. turkey top election board today voided the victory of an opposition candidate in istanbul's mayoral election, anr red a new vote for june 23. president recep tayyip erdogan's party had challenged the legitimacy of the election after it narrowly lost. turkey's main opposition party said today's rulinamounted to "plain dictatorship." on wall street today, concerns over a u.s. trade war with china push stocks lower, a day aft president trump threatened to impose more tariffs on chinese good the dow jones industrial average lost 66 points tclose at 26,248. the nasdaq fell more t points and the s&p 500 slipped 13. and, a new royal baby has been born. meghan, the duchess of sussex, gave birtho a baby boy early this morning. well-wishers gathered outside

windsocastle, holding signs and balloons, and drinking champagne to celebrate the news. prince harry told reporters they'll share the baby's name i. the coming d >> it's been the most amazingan experience iver have possibly imagined. how any woman does what they do is beyond comprehension, but we are both absolutely thrilled and so grateful to all the love and support for everybody out there. >> brangham: their baby is seventh in line to the british throne, and is queen elizabeth's eighth great-grandchild. still to come on the "newshour," the devastating effectan h may have on up to one millioien spec a look at the recent military activity involving iran rth korea; amy walter and tamara keith on the race for 2020 and much more.

>> brangham: mother nature is under threat from human activity as never before. more species are now threatened with extinction than at any other point in human history. that grim assessment comes from a sweeping new report issued by a panel of experts convened by the united nations. among its fiings: nearly a quarter of plant and animal specs are threatened, many within decades. that includes more than 40% of amphibian species and more than a third of marine mammals-- muc of t caused by human activity-- farming and fishing atd mining-- as well as the use of fossil fuels ontribute to pollution and climate change. it's led to forests being cut dwn, and agricultural lan being degraded, making large parts of the world less able too grow the report says more than a third of fish stocks are being pulled out of the oceans at unsustainable levels. to better understand what's happening, i ske earlier today

with one of the many authors of the report. patricia balvanera iwith the national university of mexico. we spoke from paris where the f reportdings were issued, and i began by asking what she saw as the most striking part of the report. >> what is really amazing is not only that a million species are being threatened, but also that the impacts of these laws really trickle down to soany dimensions and to so many people on earth. >> brangham: i know you have been studying this for a while but does the severity of the results surprise you? >> so the report indicates that one milln species are being threatened, and we are talking about the wide ran of species. we have known for a while that, for instance, large vertebrates like lions and elephants have been threatened, we all have

heard about the bears. we recently have information of how insects are declining. i remember when i was a kid,er time we had a trip in the car, the windshield was full of insects, but this is not true anymore. why should i cawre about a lo amount of insects? well, a large fraction of our agriculture production depends on these tiny insects that pollinate the flowers and then that produce the fruit. so almonds, apples, an important contribuon toomatoes, depends on these plinators when we are likely not aware of how this is having a huge impact in agriculture productivity, for example. >> brangham:hi report points the finger directly at human activity on the plan t. u give us more detail about what it is that we're actually doing that's driving these changes?

>> yes, t me give you an example. one of the mai drivers of changen nature is the change of how we use the land or the sea. so, for instance, we are transforming 75% of the land on earth for pduction of food, production of crops, production of cattle, mainly, and this is 75% of the land. so what does it mean? we can produce more food. actually, the value of crops have increased by three times since 1970, but we have eroded the potential of nature tosu ort this productivity, and, so, the land is degraded, so we will not be able to continue producing food at the same rate because we have eroded that ability to provide food. >> brangham: we know we can maddress climate change bing to renybble types of energy, but with things like farming andsh g and mining, can those things be done in a different

way that doesn't threaten so many species? >> there are very different ways to produce foo so, today, we use the language of mainstreaming bity veracity into agriculture and into fisheries and forestry and tourism, and this means producing fd from agriculture and fieries, for example, in a way that we areriendly with biodiversity. from,ico, where i come there are very diverse crop systems where you have beans, squash, and up to ten or twenty species in the same plot. so these producers, probably a slightly lower yield, but a hugr diversity o foods and, also, in a more secure way.en if the climate is drier or colder, there will be inthings

to eat. >> brangham: but those activities are done this way because the people and the nations who do them think it's in thein economic rest to do this, meaning that there's going to be bigiv ince to maintain business as usual. >> absolutely. so what we were able to show n the report is that the global economy has grown four times, trade has grown ten times, and that per cita consumption is very unequal. people in more developed countries consume up to fohaur times more people in least developed countries. so there are very strong interests against changing the way produce and, very particularly, a large fraction of agricultu production of of fisheries ororestry production is in the hands of a few very large corporations. but it doesn't mean, by being

large, they are not interested in making change. soki by t directly to these very large cporations, it is possible to make some of these changes possible. >> brangham: sir robertts , who was the chairman of this panel, said we are eroding the very foundations of our economies, livelihoods, food security, health and quality of life worldwide. i don't mean to sound dramatic act this, but he describes it as a threat to our way of life. do you see it the same way? >> yes, so the m striking headline is the life support system provided by nature that is really holding all the needs of humanity and all thofe organismarth is deeply threatened. so this means there's a threat to our everyday lives, to our economies, to our well bei. >> brangham: patricia

balvanera of the universities o mexico, thank ry much. >> it was my pleasure. thank you so much to all of you. >> brangham: this weekend we saw new and somewhat foreboding developments relating to two flashpoints of american foreign policy: iran and north korea. we'll get to north korea and its missile launch in a moment. but first, last night an unusual atement from national security advisor john bolton announced a carrier strike group was being moved into the persian gulf because of unspecified threatening actions purportedly by iran. here to unpack all of this is foreign affairs correspondent nick schifri so the u.s. says we've got this response we have to have against iran.s whatt exactly we are deploying there? >> you mentioned it, a carrier strike group, the u.s.s. abraham lincoln and about half a dozen other ships. and the carrier strike group that sails together is one of

the most visible and potent, frankly, of aspects of u.s. military. alongside that is abe b task force, a collection of b-51 or b-52 bombers. what we saw from national security advisor john bolton in an unusual statement last night, unusual in that not only when it came out but the national security advisor announced military movements like this, he said this waso send a clear and unmistakable message that any attack will be m with unrelentable force. so military officials say the abraham lincoln carrier strike group was on the way to thet, middle e but this advanced this by a few weeks so think thrai get there earlier. air force officials say they are still figuring out which planes will get there when but ts will increase their lethalky in the region. it was a deterrent in iran and a new phase in the u.s. cagpaign nst iran in the region.

>> brangham: as you mentioned john bolton and mike pompeo in the last few days said we've go this evidean is up to something and this is why we have to affect what evidence are they citing? >> the u.s. oicials i'm speaking to cite a few things, generally. they say these are threats to the u.s. assets in the region, specifically the persian gulf, and the u.yss. a, saudi arabia, the u.s. arab emirates, and these are two countries iran threatened for working with the united states as u.s.'s maximum pressure campaign against iran. campaign spokesman says there's heightened iranian readiness tod t operations against u.s. forces. so there is a threat against u.s. rces according tohe poght. >> woodruff:. >> brangham: are there sivment systems? there are. they say they're not sure they can trust john bolton when he cites this intelligence.

's been spoke against by manipulating evidence in the last byllies and he's consistently called for regime change in iran, and that leads to criticism two. the foreign minister talked about the chances of u.s. increasing the steenings and they say this is a drum beat to war, we worry the administration is repeating what the u.s. did in iraq in003. people i say bolton specifically says we are notooking forwar. the pentagon said we are not looking for war. but the fact is the tensions are increasing and the u.s. is increasing its military presence in the region. >> brangham: i mean, know that, from day one of the trump administration, they have been, as you say, exert ago maximum force acampaiinst iran. given that, where does this recent move fit into that context? >> so this will be one year almost exactly on wednesday that the u. pulled out of the iran deal. in the last month, the u.s. has

labeled iran's revolutionary guard corps, the r.g.c., aan terrorist oation, and has sanctioned every country in the world that will continue to import iranian oil. the u.s. say that this maximum pressure is to try to get iran to the table again and/or to really significantly wkn the government and the esoconomy. far, iran has not responded to any of these in k ad of dramatic way and is still abiding by the restricti ions imposed by the nuclear deal. but what u.s. officials are worried about right now is that iran may decide to take dramatic step or maybe even perhaps a violent response in the regio and u.s. and european officials are talking about fearing that iran will restart one of its enrichment programs possibly. so this is a tense moment and, frankly, one that's going to get tenser. ls. officials me they have will imposed more sanctions on iran wednesday. iran is promising to unveil some

kind of response or some kind of new announcement on wednesday for the iran shoorld university and we are in a cycle of confrontation now. >> brangham: shifting gearsat north korea, friday night we saw them launch a missile,nt coming in the t of repeated kim summits trying to denuclearize the country. how significant that launch from friday? >> u.s. officials tell us this is not a new missile. f you heardm the president this weekend over twitter and his senior aides sawing this is not a big d and downplayed it because it is not ancbm, and therefore couldn't threaten the united states and, there was, wasn't a break of kim jong un's promise not to test an icbm. but -- a lot of buts -- this is the first launch in more than 500 days. which is significant. even if the missile can't threaten e u.s., it can threaten allies, like japan ana,

south kond is a violation of the u.n. security councilso tion. it breaks kim's promise not to increase tensions withnd south korea,hat is a promise he has made. >> brangham: what message is north korea trying to send with this lawn -- launch? >> an internal message cathat we still be tough, and there's an external message, one is expressing frustration and also sending a warning. the north koreans have been upset by u.s.-south exkorean cises including surface-to-air defense platform that was recently done and also upset because there's no diplomatic process. the president walked away in hanoi saying the deal o north korea waering was not good enough. north korean experts we spoke to today says the message is north korea wants diplomatic movement. north korea still has a robust weapons program and is tryingo

remind the u.s. of that and a reminder the north koreans still have military operations moving >> brangham: thanks for bringing us up to speed. >> thank y. >> brangham: stay with us. coming up on the "newshour," an uptick in xenophobia in south africa as election day approaches; speaking with philanthropist melinda gates about her new book, "the moment of lift," plus, the work of artist jean-michel basquiat, now on display in new york's east village. as the list of democrat's running for president now tops more tha20 candidates again hit early primary states this weekend. lisa dejardins will get the take from our politics team, but yamiche alincidor rst brings up to speed on the latest from the trail. >> we want joe! >> reporter: in south carolina, chants of "we want joe." w thkend, former vice

president joe biden made his first campaign stop in the state. in columbia, he set out to directly appeal to black voters. he denounced the "legacy of systemic racism" and referenced his former boss, president barack obama. as barack says, "when two equally qualified people, one jamal and one john, they both ply for a job and john gets the job." that's the reality in america. >> reporter: in the early voting etate of south carolina, unl iowa and new hampshire, the majority of democratic primary voters are black. south bend, indiana mayor pete buttigieg also ralliedn south carolina over the weekend. sunday at a high school, he spoke to a crowd in north charleston. he later acknowledged that he needs bett voters.ch to black the mayor has made faith a cornerstone of his campaig earlier on sunday in georgia, he attended former president jimmy atrter's sunday school. in iowa, vermont bernie sanders crisscrossed the state in a series of rallies. he pushed back on vice president biden once, saying biden has the

"most progressive record" in the race. t an interview with abc's "this week," sanders didld back. >> joe voted for the war i. iraq i led the effort against it. joe voted for nafta and permanent normal trade relations-- trade agreements with china i led the effort against that. i think if you look at joe's record, and you look at my record, i don't think there's much question about who's more progressive. >> reporter: a host of oer candidates also campaigned in iowa this weekend, including massachusetts senator elizabeth warren, minnesota senator amy klobuchar and former representative beto o'rourke of texas. meanwhile, at an n.a.a.c.p. event in detroit, kamala harris went after presint trump's rhetoric. >> let's speak truth here andto y-- this president isn't trying to ma america great. he's trying to make america hate. >> reporter: today, new jersey senator cory booker released a sweeping gun control agenda, with more than two-dozen policy proposals.

one would require all gun owners be licensed by the federal government. in a statement, booker said, "i am sick and tired of hearing thoughts and prayers for the communities that have been attered by gun violence-- it is time for bold action." with more than 20 candidates vying for 20 spots in the first ulmocratic debates in june, presidential hopare trying to break through to voters. for the "pbs newshour," i'm yamiche alcindor. " it is time flitics monday." i am joined by amy walter of the "cook political report" and host of politics with amy walter on wnyc radio and tam am of npr --i tamera of npr, she co-hosts the npr politics podcast. thank you both. amy, i think democrats have gotten past large field, i don't know,pic, biblical. >> yeah. why is this field not just large but extrage l >> there are a whole lot of reasons. we could spend theext hour

talking about why the field is as big as it is. the most obvious is look how successful bernie sanders and donald trump were in 2016, two candidates that nobody gave any shot of getting rid of how far they got in the proce, so there's certainly a sense of if they could do it, i can do it. but there's also a sense among democrats that beating donald trump is so important, it's beyond just putting a democrats in the white house. they see donald trump as essentially an existential threat to the country, and they want to be the one that can make sure that the right candidate is there to beat him so finding that perfect candidate to beat donald trump is more important now than ever and, finally, i think the part, which usually played a big role in helpi narrow and thin the field, doesn't have much power anymore, especially now thatai people can a bunch of money with these smartphones and they can bypass the traditional monnia y -- money gatekeepers

d can keep people in the race a lot longer. >> 2016, jebush on the republican side came out and he wanted to have shock schock and awe, he wagoing to have a lot of money and scare away the rest of the field and didn't. there was an historically large field running 2016 on the republican side. well, part of what this-p son field on the democratic side tells me is there's no single candidate that is scaring everyone else out of the field.th everyone think they have a chance, and this we wilyays that to one was afraid that joe biden was going to run for president and didn't of it.ause in fact, a huge number of people are running for president, and they believe that they have a shot. >> yep. we heard in yamiche's report,t there's a f attention on south carolina. they say no siege candidate or state -- single state or candidate is owning this field.

why are south carolina and african-american voters getting so much love?e >> they portant in the primary. certainly african-american representevery well among democrats in important states like south carolina, which is an early state,o lat voters in nevada another early state, then you get toli rnia which is this big diverse statement also what hillary clintonound in 2016 is she was able to win in all the southern states wit large african-american populations on the democratic side, and, so, as lot of candida are looking and saying, okay, maybe iowa and new hampshire are not my state but if i can make it past iowa and new hampshire, there are other states where maybe they will have more appeal or be able to be better represented and, also, those very same voters are the a critical part o democratic electorate in the general election. >> yeah, and remember south carolina is important. it comes on a saturday, three days later iaysuper tue so beyond just being the place

where you have for the first m timeority of voters that are african-american, it is mentum to take you into super tuesday, which has over 1690 delegates up for grabs on sup tuesday. many of the states on super tuesday also have overwhelmingly diverse electorates. it's california, texas, alabama, arkansas, georgia, north caroli. so doing well in south carolina sets you up well because you have to turn right on aime to go into a lot of big states where you're not going to have a lot of time to spread yourself. >> and've got a softpot for the politics of south carolina. they are never boring. >> andood. , that's right. amy asked you earlier in the show, nick schifrin reported f n two e several flashpoints in the world, in this case north korea and iran, but we don't see voters responding to polls. policy in why is this not an issue in this >>mpaign and what are the issues?

think in 2008, foreign policy was popular becausehe iraq war was unpopular and there was a dividing line between barack obama and hillary clion on o supported the war, so that made that a big issue.av now we don't that same issue dominating the issue set for voters, democrat or republican. instead, what we're finding is what democrats are really concerned about, there's a poll that came out today, nbc "wall street journal," overwhelming issue for democrats healthcare, overwhelming issue for republica immigration, not prize surprising. those are things that are taking up most of the oxygen. more broadly, healthcare andom ec are the two top issues. >> tam? regular people in america that the candidates are coming in ctact with on a regular basis, they started asking about foreign policy, but not to go back to 2016 again and again, i was following hillary clinton's

campaign. she is fmer secretary of state. she could talk about foreign policy until she is blue and she would still have more to say, and yet she did not tak about it very often on the trail and she was almost never asked about in her town hall. >> i'm interested, looking back at the huge field, it feels like there are so many rightright now, how many of these folks are actually going to make it to 2016. >> looking back in 2016, there was a really big field, five dropped out before 2016, so throughout the 2015 year. these bedates will be very important who gets on the stage, how well they do. atome point you need money and attention, and even if you have the greatest of ientions, you can't stay in if you don't have hose two things. >> if they starin june, how big will they be? >> 20 people over t nights. but i think for a lot of voters, they aren't getting to see the candidates. they're seeing little snippets, and that will be the first big chance for thesean cdates to

introduce themselves beyond sort of viral videos. >> and to see them interact with one anotherrernd it will probably be the first debates where we get to see a president live tweet the otherarty's debate. >> there will be plenty of tweeting all around. >> thank you both. i want to o threatur viewers know, join us tomorrow when judy woodruff will sit down with democratic presidential ghndidate bernie sanders here in our studio. you won't want to miss that. >> brangham: south africans will vote in their national election on wednesday, and there could be a strong challenge to the ruling african national congress. as special correspondent fred de sam lazaro reports, a new wave of xenophobic attacks has put the issue of immigration front and center in the upcoming vote

hover 27%, and youth unemployment is nearly doubled that.it felt most acutely in the tonships, impoove rishtdas ssment built under apartheid to celebrate the coloredie communfrom the minority commute white population. used clothes are told solid on the side of the road. this man lost his factory job a few years he lost his factorjob years ago, now barely ekes out a living and he blames, in part, immigrants. >> you get a l of foreigners into the country here and they're being paid with a less salary and our local guys, they can't get jobs. >> reporter: that sentiment has provoked spasms of xenophobic violence in recent years. convenience stores have been an all too convenient tget

these stores are largely owned by immigrants today, as are the wholesalers that supply them. ali osman, who heads a trade association of somali businesses, says he is grateful to be in south africa.no >> we came witing. we have been given the opportunity to conduct businesses, freely move around the country, settlwherever we need to settle. so that is the good part of it. >> reporter: "the bad part," he says, "is the violence targeting immigrants," who make up about 3% of the country's 57 million people. over the past decade, hundreds of immigrants have bn injured and dozens killed. johannesrg's mayor herman mashaba says the problem is economic, not xenophobic.he >>these foreign nationals come into south africa, unfortunately because of theon ic situation, where do they go? they go into poor communities. and those poor communities, unfortunately they feel that

these people are taking their jobs or whatever. >> reporter: but many blamea mashmself for inciting violence. the mayor, once an a.n.c. supporter, is now part of the opposition democratic alliance. he's blamed many of the city's problemsn an "uncontrolled number of undocumented foreigners." this twitter post was in respon to a citizen complaint about poor trash service >> so basically in his tweet, he implied that the dirt is not picked because there are too many migrants. >> reporter: he's blaming the lack of garbage pickup on too many migrants? >> exactly. yes. u know, government officials, instead of taking accountability for their failures, they then blame the migrants for t social ills like crime and lack of housing. >> reporter: vusumuzi sibanda is an immigrant from neighboring zimbabwe, where a collapsing economy and political turmoil have driven manyo flee. >> good morning. >> good morning. >> reporter: sibanda is sug to

get children among these pgrants, most of them undocumented, inlic schools. "it's their right," he insists, "and also it is in the host country's interest." >> we're actually creating a situation where these children e what,her going to becom criminals, social misfits because they have no education. what will they do without an educatn? >> reporter: why do they come? >> the migrants come to south africa for the same reasons that anyone moves, but there are clearly a significant number ofe peere who are looking for safety. >> reporter: professor loren landau says they are fleeing conflict in somalia, congo and elsewhere but others-- including many from south asia-- come toar businesses or ply their skills in the continent's largest economy. electricians, builders, others where they would have had these skills but we also see a lot of teachers, doctors, medical professionals who are coming in. >> reporter: zimbabwe's disintegration dashed any caer hopes of people like fortunate ndlovu who once dreamed of becomi a lawyer.

today she shares an immacula one room shack with her husband, mandla sibanda and their young son. together they support at least five famy members back in zimbabwe how has it been in south africa so far? >> it's okay because if you go around you can get some piece works.e >> reporter: sece work? >> yes. >> reporter: ndlovu getsca onal work as a house cleaner. her husband works in a local restaurant. >> we just take anything that comes because half bread is better than nothing at all >> reporter: half a bread is better than nothing. >> yes. we areere to work, only to work. not to go and break the law. >> reporter: she says immigrants have been unfairly characterized on lawbreakers. mayor mashaba, fo has railed against what he calls rampant criminal activity in the city's immigrant population. but he insists he's not antimi ant. >> this country, the city of johannesburg, was built on the back of migrants.

but they must come here legally. d when they're here they must respect our laws. this for me is not negotiable. >> clearly there are criminals among the migrant population. what you seeowever is that he sends the police out to find migrant criminals, and then parades them as if all of the criminals in town are migrants. migrants are no more prone, and in fact less prone, to criminal activity tn south african citizens >> reporter: but the arguments around immigration-- echng those heard in the u.s.-- are likely to get only louder as election day nears. for the "pbs newshour," i'm fred de sam lazaro near johannesburgt h africa. >> brangham: fred's reporting is a partnership with the under- told stories project at the university of st. thomas in minnesota.

>> brangham: the bill and melinda gates foundation is he largest ilanthropic foundation in the world with an endowment of $50 billi. its reach has been global, focusing on issues like malariar uctive health, family planning and education. melinda gates plays a huge role in shaping the focus of the organization. judy woodruff spoke with her recently about her new bk, ich looks at what she's learned in that job, and tells her own personal story. the discussion is our latest installment of the "newshour bookshelf." >>oodruff: melinda gates, welcome. the book is the moment of lift: how empowering women changes the thank r joining us. u rld." >> thanks for having me, judy. >> woodruff: so this is your first book, and you weave in your own story with your experiences with women, mostly very, very poor won you've met around the developing world. what did you want to accomplish with this? >> well, i have been meeting men and women around the worldow for 20 years in the foundation's work, and so many women havri

shared the ss of their lives with me, and they've really called me to action and, by sharing their story and a bit about my personal journey, i hope to call other people to action for empowerin women around the world. >> woodruff: you plunged, in the earlyin 1980s a very male career, dominated career in computer science and then, through the gates foundation, afteradou children, and you write about how it took you a while to find your voice as a woman, to advocate for women. why did it take as long as it did, ewing do you think? >> yeah, think because there's so many things society as women the what we should do, ways we should beweor wha should say. i was so lucky to grow up under two rents who said to us, you can be anything you want to be. we could see a a middle class family it was going to be hard to send us to college, but we

could. i think having a dad who believed in the girls in the sciences helped me to see i could be anything i wanted. even when i came up against barriers in society that women face, i knew my job was to try to break through those. in the foundation's work, i didn't originally start with women's irkive issues because i thought those were the soft issues. that w if we lift up women, they lift up everody else. but our systems don't always reach women and there are lots ofarriers that hold women down. >> woodruff: that took a while to understand. >> it took a whi to understand and learn and partly i was hearing frit women all the over the world, when i would be out in the developing world, talking to women in my different countries in africa, i would come back and look at the data. data is actually sexist. we don't actually collect a lot of data about women around the woe d, so wn't actually know that much about their lives. they would often say tome what about in this little tiny health

clinic wherei get vaccines for kids, why did i get birth control before and a contraceptive beforeow i can't. and they started telling me this was a life and death emergency for their family, and the data abouttually very thi what was going on. but it turned out what the women were telling me was true, this is a life and death developing emergencies in the world. 200 million want continue acceptsives and we s don'tply oem as a world yet. >> woodruff: speakf contraceptives and birth control, you were y open inr differences with the catholic turch on these issues, abortion, ande on the church leadership roles, women as priests. do you see any movement inhe catholic church on these issues? >> what i know is, when women have access to contraceptives, s they time ace the births of their children. we know from the longest piece

of longitudinal research in global health that th families are healthier, the moms, the ambies, theies are better educated and wealthier. we believe in loving thy neighbor, so i have stood up and said what i believe even with the catholic church. thechat lick church because of hive aides has allowed condoms to beistributed in the developing world, but i have met so many women who have told me t caegotiate the condom in the context of my relationship with my husband because i'm either suggesting he's beenn unfaithfuld has aids or i have be unfaithful. so women have to have the types of tools they want in the united states tore primary tool they want in africa which has been in the past deliverednd stillis in some places is a lot, which is covert from their husband's. >> woodruff: has that debate shaken your personah is this. >> i've had to wrestle with

faith and, before i came out publicly in favor of contraceptives, but w i realize it's because of political pressure in our own country and religious beliefs that we are letting women die in childbirth, we atire l babies die because a woman has them too soon and ton,o of my faith tells me that i love these people and i know i've gotten some beautiful things from the catholic church, myroots in social justice, but this is a piece i disagree with the church on. woodruff: you don't name president trump in the book. you speak about our president, our current administration. as you know, thidministration is pushing very hard against abortion rights, to limit abortion and make it as hystrictive as possible. the question is not go farther and call it what it is? why not name the trump administration? >> well, i have said that i disagree vehemently with the values being put forward by thit admition, so i'm not sure how much stronger i could be.

i'm not running for public office, but i disagree, and ii disagr public and i disagree in private, and our foundation has worked incredibly well, with the bush administration, obama administration, congress andio this administr i don't name this administration in this book because i want it to bim aess book. i don't name president bush or obama either so i look forhe places i can move issues forward and work with people who are like-mind. luckily, congress has held up the foreign aid budget because they know it creates peaceful and prosperous world and societies all over the world. >> woodruff: one other thing i want to thk you abouat you write about is your own effort, inside your own marriag to find your own voice, to gain self-confidenc a and you taut how you wrestle with whether to even share this publicly. >> what is true is that bill aed i alwaysved in ecrawlt, we wanted equality, and what i write aut in the book is didn't even realize when i came

into marriage, we came into marriage, both came from our own biases from the st, a little about how our house holiday season operated wit kids. when i got pregnant with our first child jen, i surprised him and said i'm going to leave microsoft and raise our kids. bill actuallsaid to me after jen was six months old, what else a you going to do? because he knew i loved to work. but thoseat convens aren't always easy, but i bring them up because we need to have those in r home to make sure we have equality and to look at what assumptions haveade and do we need to shift those as we have kids ror things change we get older or our careers change. what i want women to know is you fn hal equality and should in your home, workplace and community. when you do it changes the world. equality makes a huge difference. >> woodruf melinda gates, e book is the moment of lift." thank you very much.

>>hanks, judy. >> brangham: finally tonight, more than 30 years after his death, jean-michel basquiat remains onof america's most influential contemporary artists. he carved a unique style that challenged our views of race, poverty and politics in the u.s. jeffrey brown explores a new exhibition showing some ofui at's most important work. it's part of our ongoing arts k d culture series "canvas." >> reporter: new yty's east village. in the 1970s and '80s it was known for drugs, crime,ne homele-- and a vibrant experimental music and art scene. the heartbeat of it all: tompkins square park. >> reporter: this placort of a ground zero for a particular time. >> yeah, you know it was like a real central coming together place. you know it was a bit of nature in the middle of this teeming cityu

place where yould crash if you had nowhere to sleep. >> reporter: michael holman is a new york-based artist, writer,mu filmmaker ancian, and part of a unique generation of artists who called the east village home: including kenny scharf, ith haring and, perhaps most famous of all, jean-michel basquiat. >> jean-michel basquiat was, ize call him a reabeing. >> reporter: it was at a party in 1979 that holman first met easquiat, whose graffiti tag" samo" was a well known on the streets of new york. that was part of theime, right? >> reporter: did you feel even then that kind of ambition to grow beyond that? o absolutely, yeah. absolutely. unlike a lot of us who were just here experimenting with art and our voice as artistsuiat asew early on, early on before any of us, that heoing to be famous. >> reporter: and famous he became. since his death in 1988 at age 27 from a heroin overdose, basquiat's reputation and the

demand for his work havesk ocketed. his now iconic lines, figures, and handwritten texts arerl reguladisplayed in the world's most renowned museums and galleries. two years ago, his untitled 198o paintia skull fetched more than $110 million dollars at auction-- the most ever for any american artist. that work and many others were part of a new exhibition that began in paris, curated dieter buchhard. >> his energy is amazing; his line is inimitable. his combinion with words, collage and assemblage, nobody else did. it's all under his o aesthetics. but the way he combined knowledge is so contemporary. >> reporter: now, the exhibition has come home in a sense to basquiat's old stomping groundsl in the east e of new york, in a brand-new private museum owned by the brant foundatn. it's housed in a former

electrical substation. tickets here are free-- the first batch of 50,000 was gone before the exhibition opened. the works themselves come fromar museumnd the world and private collections, iding that of the foundation's founder, peter brant, c.e.o. of one of the largest newsprint manufacturers in north america. he's been buying basquiat's rk since the 1980s. what did you see in the art...? at that ti >> i mean, i thought he was, you know, a great colorist.e i love the wayed the language in his work and you know he'd been billed as afi gr artist, but if you look at his work, it goes far beyond painting on subway c >> reporter: born in brooklyn in 1960, basquiat was the son of a haitian father and puerto rican mother. he left home as a teenager and began selling hand-painted postrds and t-shirts. in 1979 he and holman helped "rm the rock band "g" as basquiat entered a prolific

wnperiod of creating his ort. years later, holman would help capture those times as a rescreenwriter for the fea film "basquiat," directed by another well-known contemporary artist, julian schnabel. some called basquiat's paintings primitive, raw, even child-like. but he was unfazed. >> i think jean michel he also recognized that combining that child's hand and that cld's innocence with some of the highly charged issues of race and economic disparity and thparticular politics of america, if he would combine those things in a special way, which he did, that he woulduc on that third rail. >> reporter: the brant exhibition reflects those issues, in paintings like "the irony of a negro policeman" and "per capita," but there are also lighter pieces, likeushose of famooxers he admired.

just as basquiat's prices have gone up, so have rents in the east vilge. it and this city have changed dramatically since his time. further evidence: the brant foundation museum itself. he had an aesthetic of the streets d, you know, poor, is there not a disconnect with seeing him and now owned by-- sold for $110 million dollars, owned by people of wealth?no and, y in a private museum? >> i don't see any disconnect other than it's, you know, an example of the american dream. he's not an artist that's just appreciated by the people that live in this neighborhood. we're just giving the people in this neighborhood an opportunity to see the work somebody that came out of this neighborhood >> reporter: today, basquiae continues tohero for many- - including young people like these who stopped conversation. >> being friends with him, ihanging out with him was

going to basquiat university. where you glean the power of combining disparate ideas thatog shouldn't workher, but that do. he>> reporter: "jean-m basquiat," the inaugural exhibition at the brant foundation, runs throughay 15. for the pbs newshour, i'm jeffrey brown in new york. >> brangham: another exhibition showcasing basquiat's work is set to open at the solomon r. ggenheim museum in new york next month. and that's the newshour for tonight. a reminder, tune in morrow for an interview with democratic presidential candidate senator bernie sanders. i'm william brangham join us on-line and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and good nit. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. babbel's 10- minute lessons are available as an app, or online.

more information on babbel.com. >> financial services firm raymond james. >> bnsf railway. >> consumer cellular. ed p. sloanhe al foundation. supporting science, technology, and improved economic performance and financial literheacy in1st century. >> supported by the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation. committed to building a more just, verdant and pe world. more information at macfound.org >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions t s program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs ation from viewers like you. thank you.

captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org >> you're watching pbs.

♪ ♪ >> hello,on eve welcome to "amanpour & company." here's what's coming up. a different kind of prime minister. i speak to iceland's down to earth, left-wing leader about her unique style. then a serious conversation with a funny man, craig ferguson frol hosting "thee late show" to writing a memoir, "riding the elephant" and the laureate from the united dtates. we sitown with alicia menendez. ♪ ♪ uniworld is a proud sponsor of "amanpour & company."