captioning sponsored by ll newshour productions >> brangham: good evening. i'm wiiam brangham. judy woodruff is away. on the "newshour" tonight, one million species at risk: the united nations lays out how humans are accelerating the potential of extinction for species across the planet. then a dual look at risi tensions-- north korea launches test missiles, andhe u.s. moves an aircraft carrier into the persian gulf sooner than expected. plus amy walter and tamara keit join us to analyze a busy weekend of campaigning by the 2020 presidential hopefuls. and masterworks by artist jean-michel basquiat, now on display in the neighborhood where he got his start, new s rk's east village. >> unlike a lot ofo were just here experimenting with art and our, our voice as artists, basquiat knew early on, before any of us, that he was going to

be famous. >> brangham: all that and more's on tonight "pbs newshour." >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: ♪ ♪ moving our economy for 160 years. nnbnsf, the engine that coects us. >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french,

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statom viewers like you. thank you. >> brangham: a million plant and animal species are on the edge of extinction. at's according to a new united nations report out today on biodiversity.sc ntists attributed the unprecedented threat to the "relentless pursuit of economic growth." we'll have more on the devastating impact human actions are having on nature, rightws after the ummary. the u.s. has deployed an aircraft carriero the middle east amid reports iran was preparing to possibly attack u.s. troops in the region. national security adviser john bolton issued a statemnday night, saying the u.s. will "send a clear and unmistakable message to the iranian regime that any attack on united states interests will be met with unrelenting force." and today while in finland,ar secrof state mike pompeo said the u.s. has seen enough evidence to cause conc >> we have continued to see

activity that leads us to believe that there's escalation that may be taking placeso we're taking all the appropriate actions both from a security pepective as well as our ability to make that sure the president has a wide range of options in the event thatme ing should actually take place. >> brangham: we'll have more on the u.s. military's moves later in the program back in this country, a bipartisan group of more than 370 federal prosecutors have signed a statement saying that president trump would een charged with obstruction of justice-- if he were not president. special counsel robert mueller declined to charge mr. trump wi obstruction, but he didnot exonerate him. meanwhile, attorney general william barr missed today's deadline to hand over muler's full, unredacted report on his russia investigation. the house judiciary committee will vote wednesday on whether to hold barrn contempt of congress. president trump's formerr personal lawchael cohen reported to federal prison in new york today. he was sentenced to thars for lying to congress and for

violating campaign finance law by arranging hush money payments for two women who claimed to have had affairs with mr. trump. cohetook one final swipe at his former boss as he was swarmed by reporters outside his new york city apartment. >> i hope that when i rejoin my family and friends that the country will be in a pla without xenophobia, injustice and lies at the helm of our country.er the still remains much to be told and i look forward to the day that i can share the truth. >> brangham: cohen cooperated with the mueller probe and with separate, ongoing state investigations io the trump organization and into spending on the president's inauguration. investigators in russia are the treasury department denied a request from house democrats to release president trump's tax returns. treasreury sry steven mnuchin said the request lacked

a legitimate legislative purpose. investigators in russia are p trying toiece together what caused a plane to crash land in moscow yesterday and burst into flames, killing at least 41 people. survivors fled for their likeves as s billowed from the aeroflot plane. investigators recovered the jet's flight recorders, but ven't yet been able to pinpoint the cause of the disaster. >> ( translated ): investigatorf are looking atrent versions of the incident-- that the pilot and other staff were under qualified, that the plane was broken, and bad weather conditions. >> brangham: russian media reported that the pilot said the plane lost radio communications after it was struck by lightning. and there was a tense calm in gaza today, after hamas announced a ceasefire deal with the israi government. violence over the weekend killed nearly 30 people. it was the deadliest fighting since the 2014 war. some palestinians began themo muslim holh of ramadan among ruins, as families buried me of the 25 who died. rnst were civilians. the israeli govent claimed its strikes targeted militants.

palestinian rockets also kled four israeli civilians. turkey's toplection board today voided the victory of an opposition candidate in istanbul's mayoral election, and ordered a new vote for june 23. president recep tayyip erdogan's party had challenged the legitimacy of the election after it narrowly lost. turkey's main opposition party said today's ruling amou "plain dictatorship." on wall street today, concerns over a u.s. trade war with china pushed stos lower, a day after president trump threatened to impose more tariffs on chinese goods. the dow jones industrial average lost 66 points to close 26,248. the nasdaq fell more than 40 pppoints and the s&p 500 s 13. and, a new royal by has been born. meghan, the duchess of sussex, gave birth to a ba boy early this morning. ll-wishers gathered outside windsor castle, holding signs

and balloons, and drinking champagne to celebrate the news. prince harry told reporters they'll share the baby's name in the coming days. i s been the most amazing experience i can ever have possibly imagined. how any woman does what they do is beyond comprehension, but we are both absolutely thrilled and so grateful to all the love and support for everybody out there. >> brangham: their baby is seventh in line to the british q throne, and isueen elizabeth's eighth great-grandchild. still to come on the "newshouth" devastating effect humans may have on up to one milliooon species; aat the recent military activity involving iran and north korea; amy awalt tamara keith on the race for 2020 and much more. b

ngham: mother nature is under threat from human activity as never before.mo species are now threatened with extinction than at any other point in human history. that grim assessment comes from a sweeping new report issued by a panel of experts convened by the united nations. arly aits findings: quarter of plant and animal species are threatened, many within decades. that includes more than 40% ofph ian species and more than a third of marine mammals-- mucu of this isd by human lltivity-- farming and fishing and mining-- as s the use of fossil fuels that contribute to pollution and climate changee it's led to s being cut down, and agricultural land being degraded, making large parts of the world less able to grow food. the report says more than a third of fish stocks are bng pulled out of the oceans at unsustainable levels.rs to better unnd what's happening, i spoke earlier today with one of the many authors of the report.

patricia balvanera is withhe national university of mexico. we spoke from paris where theng report's finwere issued, and i began by asking what she saw as the most striking part of the report. >> what is really amazing is not only that a million species are being threatened, but also that the impacts of these laws really trickle down to so man dimensions and to so many people on earth. >> brangham:kn you have been studying this for a while but does the severity of the results surprise you? >> so the report indicates that one million spees are being threatened, and we are talking about the wide range species. we have known for a while that, for instance, large vertebrates likeions and elephants have been threatened, we all have heard about the bears.

we recently have information of how insects are declining. i rememb when i was a kid, every time we had a trip in the r, the windshield was full of insects, but this is not true anymore. why should i care about a low amount of insts? well, a large fraction of our agriculture production depends on these tiny insects thatpo inate the flowers and then that produce the fruit. so almonds, apples, an important contribution tat ts, depends on thesena pollirs. when we are likely not aware of how this is having aac huge i in agriculture productivity, for example. >> brangham: this report points the finger directly at human activity on the planet. can you give us more detail about what its thate're actually doing that's driving these changes? >> yes, let me ge you an example.

one of the main drive of he change nature is t of how we use the land or the sea. so, for instae, we are transforming 75% of the land on earth for production of food, production of crops, production of cattle, mainly, and this i 75% of the land. so what does it mean? we can produce more food. actually, the value of crops have increased by three times since 1970, but we have eroded the potential of nature to productivity, and, so, the land isra degded, so we will not be able t continue producing food at the same rate because we have eroded thatil y to provide food. >> brangham: we know we can addresclimate change by movin to renybble types of energy, but with things like farming andnd fishingining, can those things be done in a different way that doesn't threaten so

many species? >> there are very different ways to produce food. so, today, we use the language of mainstreaming bity veracity into agriculture and into fisheries and forestry and tourism, and this means producing food from agriculture and fisheries,or example, in a way that we adlre fri with biodiversity. in mexico, where i come from, there are very divse crop systems where you have beans, sqsh, and up to ten or twenty species in the same plot. so these producers, probably a slightly lower yield, but a huge diversity of cropoods and, also, in a more secure way. even if the climate is drier or colder, there will be in things to eat.

>> brangham: but thosevi aces are done this way because the people and the nations who do them think it's in their t economic intere do this, meaning that there's going to be big incentives t maintain business as usual. >> absolutely. so what we were able to show in the report is that the global economy has grown four times, trade has grown ten times, and that per capita consumption is very unequal. people in more developed puntries consume up to four times more thanple in least developed countries. so there are very strong interests against changing the way we produ a, very particularly, a large fraction of agriculture production of of fisheries or forestry production is in the hands of a few very large corporations. but it doesn't mean, by being large, they are not interested in making change.

so by talking directly to these very largeti corpos, it is possible to make some of these p changesible. >> brangham: sir robert watson, who was the chairman of this panel, said we are eroding the very foundationsf our economies, livelihoods, food security, health and quality of life worldwide. i don't mean to sound dratic t this, but he describes it as a threat to our way of life i. do you s the same way? >> yes, so the most striking headline is the life support system provided by nature that is really holding all the needs of humanity and all theth organisms of es deeply threatened. so this means there's a threat to our everyday lives, to our economies, to our well being. >> brangham: patricia

balvanera of universities of mexico, thank you very much. >> it was my pleasureso. thank youch to all of you. >> brangham: this weekend we saw new and somewhat foreboding developmts relating to two flashpoints of american foreign policy: iran and north korea. we'll get to north korea and it missile launchmoment. but first, last night an unusual statement from national security advisor johnolton announced a carrier strike group was being moved into the persian gulf because of unspecified threatening actions purportedly by iran. here to unpack allf this is foreign affairs correspondent nick schifrin. so the u.s. says we've got thise onse we have to have against iran. what is it exactly we are deploying the >> you mentioned it, a carrier strike group, the u.s.s. abraham lincoln and about half a dozen other ships. and the carrier strike group that sails together is one of the most visible and potent, frankly, of aspects of u.s.

military. alongside that is a bomber task force, a collection of b-51 or b-52 bombers. what we saw from national security advolor john bn in an unusual statement last night, usual in that not only when it came out but the national security advisor announcedli ry movements like this, he said this was to send a clear an unmistakable message that any attack will be met with unrelentable force. so military officials say the abraham lincoln carrier strike group was on the way to the b middle east, this advanced this by a few weeks so think rai get there earlier. air force officials say they are still figuring out which will get there when but this will increase their lethalky in the region. it was aeterrent iran and a new phase in the u.s. campaigt agairan in the region. >> brangham: as you mentioned john bolton and mike pompeo in

ie last few days said we've got this evidence ir up to something and this is why we have to affect what evidence are they citing? >> the u.s. officials i'm speaking to cite a few things generally. they say these are threats to the u.s. assets in the region, specifically the persian gulf, and the u.s. allysed saudi arabia, the u.s. arab emirates, and these are two countries iran threatened for working with the united states as u.s.'s maximum pressure ran.aign against i campaign spokesman says there'sa heightenedan readiness to conduct operatis against u.s. forces. so there is a threat against u.s. forcesccording to t poght. >> woodruff:. >> brangham: are there crit vment systems? there are. they say they'reot sure they can trust john bolton when he cites this intellince.

he's been spoken against by e manipulatidence in the last by allies and he's consistently called for regime change in iran, and that leads to criticism two. the foreign minister talked about the chances of u.s. increasing the steenings and they say this is a drum beat to war, we worry the administration is repeating what the u.s. did in iraq in 2003. opeople i say blton specifically says we are not looking for war. the pentagon said we are not looking for war. but the fact is the tensions are increasing and the u.s. is increasing its military presence in the region. >>rangham: i mean, we know that, from day one of the trump ministration, they have been, as you say, exert ago maximum force tcampaign agai iran. given that, where does this recent move fit into that context? >> so this will be one year almost exactly on wednesday that the u.s. pullhe out of iran deal. in the last month, the u.s. has labeled iran's revolutionary

guard cps, the r.g.c., a errorist organization, and has sanctioned everycountry in the world that will continue to import iranian oil. the u.s. sayst this maximum pressure is to try to get iran to the table again and/or to really significantly weaknhe government and the economy. so far, ira has not responded to any of these in any kind of dramatic way and is sti abiding by the restrictions imposed on it by the nuclear deal. but what u.s. officias are worried about right now is that iran may decide to take a dramatic step or maybe even perhaps a violent response in the region, and u.s. and european officials are talking about fearing that iran wil restart one of its enrichment programs possibly. so this is a tense moment and, frankly, onthat's going to get tenser. u.s. officials tell me they have will imposed more sanctns on iran wednesday. iran is promising to unveil some kind of response or some kind of

new announcement on weesday for the iran shoorld university and we are in a cycle of confrontation now. >> brangham: shifting gears. north korea, late f night we saw them launch a missile, coming in the context of repeated kim smits trying t denuclearize the country. how significant that launch from friday? >> u.s. officials tell us this is not a new missile. you heard from president this weekend over twitter and his senior aides sawing this is no a big deal and downplayed it because it is not an icbm, and therefore couldn't tn the united states and, there was, wasn't a break of kim jong un's promise not to test an icbm. but -- a lot o buts -- this is the first launch in more than 500 days. which is significant. even if the missile can't threaten the u.s. it can shreaten allies, like japan an

south korea, and violation of the u.n. security councilon resoluti it breaks kim's promise not to increase tensions with south korea, and that is a promise he has made. >> brangham: what message is north korea trying to send with this lawn -- launch? >> an internal message at we can still be tough, and there's an external message, one is expressing frustration and also sending a warning. the north koreans have been upset by u.s.-south korean exercises including surface-to-air defense platform that wants re done and also upset because there's nodi omatic process. the president walked away in hanoi saying the deal north korea was offeras not good enough. north korean experpo we to today says the message is north korea wants diplomatic movement. north korea still has aus r weapons program and is trying to remind the u.s. of that and a

reminder the north koreans still have mitary operations moving forward. >> brangham: thanks for bringing usp to speed. >> thank you. >> braham: stay with us. coming up on the "newshour," an uptick in xenophobia in south africa as election day approaches; speaking with philanthropist melinda gates about her new book, "the moment of lift," plus, the rk of artist jean-michel basquiat, now on display in new york's east village. as the list of democrat's running for president now tops more than 20 cdidates again hit early primary states this weekend.sa ejardins will get the take from our politics team, but yamiche alincidor first ings up to speed on the latest from the trail. >> we want joe! >> reporter: in south carolina,s chf "we want joe." this weekend, former vice prident joe biden made his first campaign stop in the

state. in columbia, he set out to directly appeal to black voters. he denounced the "legacyf systemic racism" and referenced his former boss, president barack obama. >> as barack says, "when two equally qualified people, e jamal and one john, they both apply for a job and john gets the job." that's the reality in america.n >> reporter:e early voting state of south carolina, unlike iowa and new hampshire, the mamajority of democratic p voters are black. south bendindiana mayor pete buttigieg also rallied in south carolina over the weekend. n nday at a high school, he spoke to a crowdrth charleston. he later acknowledged that he needs better outrevoh to black rs. the mayor has made faith a cornerstone of his campaign. earlier on sunday in georgia, he attended former president jimmyn carter'sy school. in iowa, vermont senator bernie sanders crisscrossed the state in a series of rallies. p hed back on vice president biden once, saying biden has the "most progressive record" in the race.

in an interview with abc's "this bweek," sanders didn't hok. >> joe voted for the war in i led the effort against it. joe voted for nafta and permanent rmal trade relations-- trade agreements with china. i led the effort against that. i think if you look at joe's record, and you look at my record, i don't think there's much question about who's moe. progress >> reporter: a host of other candidates also campaigned in iowa this weekend, including massachusetts senator elizabeth warren, minnesota senator amy klobuchar and former representative beto o'rourke of texas.an ile, at an n.a.a.c.p. event in detroit, kamala harris went after president tru's rhetoric. >> let's speak truth here andth today- president isn't trying to make america great. he's trying to make america hate. >> reporter: today, new jersey senator cory booker released a sweeping gun control agenda,th ore than two-dozen policy proposals. one would require all gun owneri

to bnsed by the federal government. in a statement, booker said, "im ick and tired of hearing thoughts and prayers for the communities that have been shattered by gun violence-- it is time for bold action." with more than 20 candidates vying for 20 spots in the first democratic debates in june, presidential hopefuls are trying to break through tvoters. for the "pbs newshour," i'm yamiche alcindor. it is time for "poli monday." i am joined by amy walter of the "cook political report" and host of politics with amy walter on wnyc radio and tam am of npr -- tamera keith of npr, she co-hosts the npr politics podcast. thank you both. crats havenk de gotten past large field, i don't know, epic, biblical. >> yeah. why is this field not just large but extra large? >> there are a whole lot of reasons. we could spend the next hour talking about why the field is as big as it is.

the most obvious is look howsf succ bernie sanders and donald trump were in 2016, two candidates that nody gave any shot of getting rid of how far they got in the process, so there's certainly a sense of if they could do it, i can do it. but there's also a sense among democrats that beating donald trump is so important, it' beyond just putting a democrats in the white house. they see donald trump as essentiasty an etial threat to the country, and they want to be the one thatan make sure that the right candidate is there to beat him. so finding that perfe candidate to beat donald trump is more important now than e fr party, i think the which usually played a big role in helping narroand thin the field, doesn't have much power anymore, especially now that people can raise a bunch of moneyse with t smartphones and they can bypass the traditional monnia y -- money gaankeepers

andeep people in the race a lot longer. >> 2016, jeb bush onhe republican side came out and he wanted to have shock schock and awe, he was goingo have a lot of money and scare away the rest of the field and didn't. there was an historically large field running 2016 on the republican side. well, part of what this 24-person field on the democratic side tells me is there's noingle candidate that is scaring everyone else out of the field. everyone thinks that tve a chance, and this we wily says that to one was afraid that joe biden was going to run for president and didn't run bofause it. in fact, a huge number of people are running for president, and they believe that they have a shot. >> yep. a heard in yamiche's report, there's a lot oention on south carolina. they say no siege candidate or state -- single state or candidate is owning this field. why are south carolina and

african-american voters getting so much love?rt >> they are imt in the primary. certainly african-american voters are very well rep among democrats in important states like south carolina, which is an early state, latino voters in nevada another early state, then you g to california which is this big verse statement also what hillary clinton found in 2016 is she was able to win in all the southern states with large african-american populations on the democratic side, and, so, a lot of candidates are looking and saying, okay, maybe iowa and new hampshire are not my state but if i can make it past iowa and new hampshire, there are other states where maybe the willhave more appeal or be able to be better represented and, also, thoseery same voters are also a critical part of the democratic electorate in the general election. >> yeah, and remember south carolina is important. it comes on saturday, three days later is supe tuesday, so beyond just being the place where you have for the firstit time a maj of voters that

are african-american, it is moment to take you into super tuesday, which has16 ove0 delegates up for grabs on super tuesday. many of the states osuper tuesday also have overwhelmingly diverse electoraifs. it's cnia, texas, alabama, arkansas, georg, north carolina. so doing well in south carolina sets u up well because you have to turn right on a dime to go into a lot of big statesou wheree not going to have a lot of time to spread yourself. >> and i've got a soft spot for the politics of south carola. they are never boring. >> and food. amy asked you earlier in the show, nick schifrin reported on two of th several flashpoints in the world, in this case north korea an iran, but we don't see voters responding tigo fo policy in polls. why is this not an issue in this campaign and what are the issues? >> i think in 2008, foreign

policy was popular because the iraq war was unpopular and there was a dividing line between surack obama and hillary clinton on whorted the war, so that made that a big issue. now we don't havehat same issue dominating the issue set for voters, democrat or republican. instead, what we'refinding is what democrats are really, really concerned about, there's a poll that came out today, nbc "wall street journal," overwhelming issue for democrats healthcare, overwhelming issue for republicans immration, not prize surprising. those are things that are taking up most of the oxygen. mo broadly, healthcare and economy are the two topssues. >> tam? regular people in america that the candidates are coming in contactith on a regular basis, they started asking about foreign policy, but not to go ck to 2016 again and again, i was following hillary clinton's campaign. she is ar forcretary of state.

she could talk about foreign policy until she is blue and sht woull have more to say, and yet she did not talk about it very often on the traild she was almost never asked about it in her town hall. >> i'm interested, looking back at the huge field, it feels like there are so many rightright now, how many of these folks are actually going to make it to 2016. >> looking back in 2016, there was a really big field, five dropped out before 2016, so throughout the 2015 year. these bedates will be very important who gets on the stage how well they do. at some point you need money and attention, and even if you have the greatest ofti ints, you can't stay in if you don't have those two things. >> if they start in june, how big will they be? >> 20 people over two nights. but i think for a lot of voters, they aren't getting to see these candidates. they're seeing little snippets, and that will be the first big chance for these candidates to introduceyo themselves sort

of viral videos. >> and to see them interact with one anotherrer and i will probably be the first debates where we get to see a president live tweet thetyther p debate. >> there will be plenty of tweeting all around. >> thank you both. i want to threat or viewers know, join us tomorrow when judy woodruff will sit down with democratic presidential e bernie sanders right here in our studio. you won't want to miss that. >> brangham: south africans will vote in their national electionw nesday, and there could be a strong challenge to the ruling african national congress. as special correspondent fred de sam lazaro reports, a new wave x ophobic attacks has put the issue of immigration front and center in the upcoming vote.

hovers at 27%, and youthnt unemploymes nearly doubled that.os its fet acutely in the tonships, impoove rishtdme asse built under apartheid to celebrate the coloredom communities the minority commute white population. used clothes are told sid on the side of the road. this man lost his factory job as few ye he lost his factory job years ago, now barely ekes out a living and he blames, in part, immigrants. >> you get a lot of reigners into the country here and they're being paid with a less salary and our local guys, they can't get jobs. >> reporter: that sentiment has provoked spasms of xenophobic violence in recent yearor convenience have been an all too convenient target

these stores are largely owned by immigrants today, as are the wholesalers that supply them. ali osman, who heads a trade association of somali businesses, says he is grateful to be in south africa. >> we came with noth we have been given the opportunity to conduct busisses, freely move around the country, settle wherever we need to settle. so that is the good part of it. >> reporter: "the bad part," he ys, "is the violence targeting immigrants," who map about 3% of the country's 57 million people. over the past decade, hundreds of immigrants have been inred and dozens killed. johannesburg'sayor herman mashaba says the problem is economic, not xenophobic. >> when these foreign nationals come into south africa, unfortunately because of the economic situation, where do they go? they go into poor communities. and those poor communities, infortunately they feel that these people are ttheir jobs or whatever.

>> reporter: but many blamef mashaba himsr inciting violence. the mayor, once an a.n.c.su orter, is now part of the opposition democratic alliance.a he'sd many of the city's problems on an "uncontrolled number of undocumented foreigners." this twitter post was in response to a tizen complaint about poor trash service >> so basically in his tweet, he implied that the dirt is not picked because there are too many migrants. >> reporter: he's blaming the lack of garbage pickup on too many migrants? >> exactly. yes. you know, government officials, , stead of taking accountability for their failurey then blame the migrants for the social ills like crime and lack of housing. >> reporter: vusumuzi sibanda is an immigrant from neighboring cambabwe, where a collapsing economy and politurmoil have driven many to flee. >> good morning. >> gd morning. >> reporter: sibanda is suing to get children among these

migrants, most of them undocumented, into public schools. "i,s their right," he insis "and also it is in the host country's interest." >> we're actually creating a situion where these children are either going to become what, criminals, social misfits because ey have no education. what will they do without an education? >> reporter: why do they come? >> the migrants come to south africa for the same reasons that anyone moves, but there are clearly a significant number of people here who are looking for safety.te >> repor professor loren landau says they are fleeing conflict in somalia, congo and elsewhere but others-- includina ny from south asia-- come to start businesses or ply theirth skills icontinent's largest economy. electricians, buildersothers where they would have had these skills but we also see a lot of teachers, doctors, medical professionals who are coming inp >> rter: zimbabwe's disintegration dashed any career hopes of people like fortunate o ndlovu whoe dreamed of becoming a lawyer. today she shares an immaculate one room shack with her husband,

mandla sibanda and their youngso together they support at least five family members back in zimbabwe how has it been in south africa so far? >> it's okay because if you go around you can get some piece works. >> reporter: some piece work? >> yes. >> reporter: ndlovu gets occasional work as a house cleaner. her husband works in a local restaurant. >> we just take anything that comes because half bread is better than nothing at all. >> reporter: half a bread is better than nothing. >> yes. we are here work, only to work. not to go and break the law. >> reporter: she says immigrants have been unfairly characterized as lawbreakers. mayor mashaba, for one, has rail ced against what ls rampant criminal activity in the city's immigrant population. but he insists he's not anti immigrant. >> this untry, the city of johannesburg, was built on the back of migrants.t but they mme here legally.

and when they're here they must respect our laws. this for me is not negotiable. >> clearly there are criminals among the migrant population. what you see howev is that he sends the police out to find migrant criminals, and thenpa des them as if all of the criminals in town are migrants.r ts are no more prone, and riin fact less prone, to cminal activity than south african citizensep >> rter: but the arguments around immigration-- echoing those heard in the u.s.-- are likely to get only louder as election day nears. for the "pbs newshour," i'm free sam lazaro near johannesburg,ri south ca. >> brangham: fred's reporting is a partnership with the under- told stories projectt the university of st. thomas in minnesota. >> brangham: the bill and

melinda gates foundation is he largest philanhropic foundation in the world with an endowment of $50 billion. its reach has been global, focusing on issues like malariai reprod health, family planning and education. melinda gates plays a huge role in shaping the focus of the organization. judy woodruff spoke with her recently about her new book, which looks at what she's learned in that job, and tells her own personal story. the discussion is our latest installment of the "newshour bookshelf." >> woodrf: melinda gates, welcome. the book is the moment of lift: how empowering women changes the world. j thank you foning us. >> thanks for having me, judy. >> woodruff: so this is your first book, and yav in your own story with your experiences with women, mostly very, very poor women you've met around the developing world. what did you want to accomplish with this?>> ell, i have been meeting men and women around the world now for 20 years in the foundation's ofrk, and so many women have shared the storieheir

lives with me, and they've really called me to action and, by sharing their story and a bit about my personal journey, i hope to call other people to action for empowering women around the world. >> woodruff: you plunged, in the early 1980s, into very male career, domited career in computer science and then, through the gates foundation, after you had children, and you write about how it took you a while toind your voice as awo n, to advocate for women. why did it take as long as itd, wing do you think? >> yeah, i think because there's so many things society tells us as women w the whshould do, ways we should be or what we should say. i was so lucky to grow up under two parents who said to us, you can be anything you want to be. we could see as a middle class family it was going to be hard to send us tout college,e could. i think having a dad who

lieved in the girls in the sciences helped me to see i could be anything i wanted. even when i came up against barriers in society that women face, i knew my job was to try to break through those. in the fndation's work, i didn't originally start with sswomen's irkives because i thought those were the soft issues. that was completely wrong. if we lift up women, they lift up everybody else. but our systems don't always reach women and there are lots of barriers that hold women down. >> woodruff:hat took a while to understand. >> it took a while to understand omd learn and partly i was hearing frit all the over the world, when i would be out g world, talking to women in many different countries in africa, i would come back and look at the data. data is actually sexist. we don't actually collect a lot of data about women around the world, so we don't actually know that much about their lives. they would often say to me, what about in thitls l tiny health clinic where i get vaccines for

kids, why did i get bintrth ol before and a contraceptive before and now i can't. and they started telling me this was a life and death emergency for their d family, e data was actually very thin about what was going on. but it turned out w what theen were telling me was true, this is a le and death developing emergencies in the world. 200 million want continue acceptsives and we don't supply them as a world yet. >> woodruff: speak of contraceptives and birth control, you were open in your differences with the catholic church on these issues, onabortion, and tak the church as far as lea women as priests. do you see any movement in the catholic church on these issues? >> what i know is, when women have accs to contraceptives, they time and space the births of their children. we kw from the longest piece of longitudinal research in

global health that thmiose falies are healthier, the moms, the babiessthe famil are better educated and wealthier. we believe in loving thy ighbor, so i have stood up and said what i believe even with the catholic church. thechat lick church because of hive aides haslled condoms to be distributed in the developing world, but i have met so many women who have told me i can't negotiate the condom in the context of my relationship with my husband because i'm either suggesting he's been unfaithful and has aids or i have been unfaithful. so women have to have the types of tools they want in the united states tore primary tool theyfr want ina which has been in the past delivered and still is in some places is a lot, which is covert from their husband's. >> woodruff: has that debate isaken your personal fait this. >> i've had to wrestle with my ith and, before i came out

publicly in favor of coraceptives, but when realize it's because of political pressure in our own country and religious beliefs that we are letting women die in childbirth, we are letting babies die because a woman has them too soon and too often, my faith tells me that i love these peop and i know i've gotten some beautiful things from the catholic church, my roots in social justice, but this is a ooece i disagree with the church on. >>uff: you don't name president trump in the book. you speak about our president, our current administration. as you know, this administration is pushing very hard against abortion rights, to limit abortion and make it as restrictive as possible. the question is why not go farther and call it what it is? why not name the trump administration? >> well, i have said that i disagree vehemently with the values being put forward by thin administraso i'm not sure how much stronger i could be. i'm not running for public

office, bu i disagree, and i disagree in public and i disagree in private,and our foundation has worked incredibly well, with the bush administration, obama administration, congress and this administration. i don't name this administration in this book because i want it to be as timel book. i don't name president bush or obama either so i look for the places i can move issues forward and work with people who are like-mind. luckily, congress has held up the foreign aidudget because they know it creates peaceful and prosperous world and societies all over the world. >> woodruff: one other thing i want to ask yo about that you write about is your own effort, inside yoto own marriageind your own voice, to gain hlf-confidence. and you talk abo you wrestle with whether to even share this publicly. >> what is b true is thl and i always believed in ecraw wanted equality, and what i write about in the book is i didn't even realize when i came into marriage, we came into marriage, we bot came from our

own biases from the past,a little about how our house holiday season operated with kids. when i got pregnant with our first child jen, i surprised him and said i'm going to leave microsoft and rai kids. bill actually said to me after w jen six months old, what else are you going to do? because he knew i loved to work. but those a conversation't always easy, but i bring them up because we need to have those hn ou to make sure we have equality and to look at what assumptions have we made and do we need to shift those as we have kids or things change or we get older or our careers change. at i want women to know is you can have full equality and should iyour home, workplace and community. when you do that, it changes the world. equality makes a huge difference. >> woodruff: melin gates, the book is the moment of lift." thank you very much. >> thanks,udy.

>> brangham: finally tonight, more than 30 years after his death, jean-michel basquiat remains one of ameca's most influential contemporary artists. he carved a unique style that challenged our views of race, poverty and politics in the u.s. jeffrey brown explores a new exhibition showing some of basquiat's most important work. it's part of our ooing arts and culture series "canvas." reporter: new york city east village. in the 1970s and '80s it was known for drugs, crime, a homelessness-- a vibrant experimental music and art scene. the heartbeat of it all:ki to square park. >> reporter: this place is sort of a ground zero for a particular time. >> yeah, you know it was like a real central coming together place. t was a bit of nature in the middle of this teeming city place where you coulash if you had nowhere to sleep.

>> repter: michael holman is a new york-based artist, writer, filmmaker and musician, and part of a unique geration of artists who called the eastho villag: including kenny scharf, keith haring and, perhaps most famous of all, jean-michel basquiat.as >> jean-micheliat was, i call him a realized being. ar>> reporter: it was at a in 1979 that holman first met basquiat, whose graffiti tag" samo" was alreadyknown on the streets of new york. that was part of the time, right? >> rl orter: did you fen then that kind of ambition to grow beyond that? >> oh, absolutely, yeah. absolutely. unstke a lot of us who were here experimenting with art and our voice as artists, basquiat knew early on, early on before ngany of us, that he was go be famous. >> reporter: and famous he became. since his death in 1988 at age 27 from a heroin overdose, basquiat's reputation and the demand for his work haveke

skyrd. his now iconic lines, figures, d handwritten texts are regularly displayed in the world's mo renowned museums and galleries. two years ago, his untitled 1982 painting of a skull fetched more than $11million dollars at auction-- the most ever for any. american art that work and many others werene part of exhibition that began in paris, curated by dieter buchhard. >> his energy is amazing; his line is inimitable. his combination th words, collage and assemblage, nobody else did. it all under his own aesthetics. but the way he combined knowledge is so contemporary. >> reporter: now, the exhibition has come home in a sense to basquiat's old stomping grounds in the east village york, in a brand-new private museum owned by the brant foundation. 's housed in a former electrical substation.

tickets here are free-- the first batch of 50,000 was gone before the exhibition opened. hee works themselves come from museums around torld and private collections, including that of the foundation's founder, peter brantc.e.o. of one of the largest newsprint manufacturers in north america. he's been buying basquiat's work since the 1980s. what did you see in the art... at that time? s, youean, i thought he know, a great colorist. i love the way he used the language in his work and you know he'd been billed as a graffiti artist, but if you look eyat his work, it goes fard pating on subway cars. >>n eporter: born in brookly 1960, basquiat was the son of a haitian father and puerto rican mother. l t home as a teenager and began selling hand-painted postcards ant-shirts. in 1979 he and holman helped form the rock band "gray" ased basquiat ent prolific period of creating his own art.e

years la holman would help capte those times as a screenwriter for the feature film "basquiat," directed by another well-known contemporary artist, julian schnabel. some called basquiat's paintings primitive, raw, even child-like. but he was unfazed. >> i think jean michel he also recognized that combining that child's hand and that child's iocence with some of the highly charged issues of race and economic disparity and the particar politics of america, if he would combine e ose things in a special way, which he did, thatuld touch on that third rail. r orter: the brant exhibition reflects those issues, in paintings like "the irony of a negro policeman" and "per capita," but there are also lighter pieces, like those os famous boxere admired.

just as basquiat's prices have gone up, so have rents in the east village. it and this city have changed dramatically since his time. further evidence: the brant foundation museum itself. he had an aesthetic of the streets and, you know, poor, t is there not a disconnecwith seeing him and now owned by-- sold for $110 million dollars, owned by people of wealth?n and, you know,private museum? >> i don't see any disconnect other than it's, you know, an example of the american dream. he's not an arti that's just appreciated by the people that live in this neighborhood. is neighborhood an opportunityn to see the work of somody that came out of this neighborhood ro reporter: today, basquiat continues to be a or many- - including young people like these who stopped to heaour nversation. >> being friends with him, hanging out with him was like going to basquiat university. where you glean the power of

combining disparate ideas that shouldn't work togetut that do. >> reporr: "jean-michel basquiat," the inaugural exhibition at the brant foundation, runs through may 15. for the pbs newshour, m jeffrey brown in new york. >> brangham: another exhibition showcasing basquiat's work is set to open at the solomon r.he gugg museum in new york next month. and that's the newshour for tonight. a reminder, tune in tomorrowor an interview with democratic presidential candidate senator bernie sanders. i'm william brangham join us on-line d again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and good night. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-le conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. babbel's 10-15 minutlessons are available as an app, or online. more information on babbel.com.

>> financial services firm raymond james. >> bnsf railway. >> consumer cellular. >> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, technology, and improved economic performance and financial litert acy in the 2ntury. >> supported by the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation. committed to building a more st, verdant and peaceful world. more information at macfound.org >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions pr >> thiram was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you.

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♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ -today on "america'sest kitchen"... becky makes julia a braziln classic -- shrimp and fish stew, jack challenges bridget to a tasting of pecorino romano, and julia and bridget reveal the secrets to making the best brazilian cheese bread. it's all coming up right here on "america's test kitchen."