captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshr tonight: "fear in the classroom." another shooting in colorado brings into focus the trauma caused by gun violence in schools., thtandoff." congressman jerry nadler, chairman of the u.s. house judiciary committee, on thela house's esng fight with the trump administration. and, "to kill a mockingbird." one of america's favorite novels adapted for broadway. >> this was no longer an exercise in nostalgia. thisasn't a field trip to a museum. it wasn't an homage to one of america's favorite books. it was something new. >> woodruff: all that and more on tonight'sbs newshour.

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>> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, techovlogy, and im economic strformance and financial literacy in the entury. >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations in education,geemocratic ennt, and the advancement of international peace and security. at carnegiorg. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals.og >> this m was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: president trump defended his eldest son today, after reports that donald trump jr. has been subpoenaed by the

u.s. senate intelligence committee. senators want to ask him about a meeting with a russian lawyer, in 2016. special counsel robert mueller's s report cited contradicti trump jr.'s statements, but did not bring charges. the president spoke today at a white house event. >> frankly, for my son, after being exonerated, to now get ao subpoena again and speak again, after close to 20 hours of telling everybody that would listen about a nothing meeting, yeah, i'm pretty sur. >> woodruff: the president also said that he will let attorney generawilliam barr decide whether mueller should testify beforeongress. the white house already invoked executive privilege,relocking the ase of mueller's full report. house speaker nancy pelosi reacted to that today, blasting mr. trump for rejecting congressional oversight. >> the president is almost self-impeaching, because he is

every day demonstrating more obstruction of justice and disrespect for congress' legitimate role to subpoena. >> woodruff: we will talk to the chair of the house judiciary committee, congressman jerry nadler, later in the program. president trump plans to nominate patrick shanahan to be secretary of defense.e the whuse announced it today. shanahan became acting secretary in january, after jim mattis quit over mr. trump's call to withdraw from syria. the president said today that he is not hap with north korea after it fired short-range missiles for the second time in five days. t south korea sa weapons were launched today near kusong, north of pyongyang. they flew up to 270 missiles out to sea.

lymeanwhile, the u.s. form seized a north korean cargo ship that has been detained in indonesia for a year. it allegedly was used to violate sanctions. european union leaders are urging iran to adhere to its 2015 nuclear dl. but, the e.u. said today that it will continue trading with iran despite u.s. sanctions t tehran heatened to abandon key parts of the agreement, unless the e.u. helps makegep for daone by the sanctions. the u.s. withdrew from the nuclear deal last year. pope francis today mandated that priests and nuns report sexual abuse and cover-ups to church authorities. i the new law alludes procedures making it easier to investigate bishops. a senior vatican prosecutor said it shows no one is above the law, including bishops. experience shows us that either a closed-shop mentality or a misplaced interest in protecting the institution was hindering disclosure.

i think the law is very portant, because it makes disclosure as the main policy of the church. >> woodruff: some abuse victims called the law a step forward.he complained that it does not require reporting abuse to police. back in this country, lawmakers in alabama delayed voting on a bill that bans abortions at any stage of pregnancy. democrats and at least one republican shouted objections apen other republicans stripped out exceptions forand incest. debate resumes next week. federal prosecutors in san diego have filed 109 hate imes charges in last month's synagogue attack. 19-year-old john earnest alrchdy faced statges of murder and attempted murder. he allegedly killed one rson and tried to kill dozens.ts the federal coould carry the death penalty. u.s.-china trade talks resumed this evening in washington,

hours before the u.s. imposes new tariffs. they go to 25% on friday, affecting $200 billion in imported goods from china.ns the ns with china kept wall street off balance. the dow jones industrial average lost 139 points to close at 32,828. the nasdaq fell oints, and the s&p 500 slipped eight.l st come on the newshour: exploring the trauma caused by school shootings. "standoff." congressman jerry nadler on thes s feud with the trump administration. "surging prices."s uber prepareto make its initial public stock offering. "the trump divide." teen winning athletes are invited to the wouse. and, much more. >> woodruff: the school shooting in colorado this week has focused our attention on

tragedies happening on campus,ic and perily in the classroom. it is an unfortunatelyamiliar story, particularly in colorado, raising questions not just of what needs to be done stop the violence, but also, how best to prepare and whether that has its own costs for children, teachers and parents. ( sirens )r eric school plunged into terror by gun violence this week. on tuesday afternoon, two students at the stem school highlands ranch in the denver, colorado suburbs, are alleged to have opened fire during class. >> i just kind of saw, like, flashes, and we heard bangs. >> woodruff: police descended on the k-12chool. students were evacuated, and anxious parents waited outside. >> the c ldren are texting you that they're hiding under a desk and bullets are hitting their window, or things are hitting their window. it's a horrible feeling. w druff: inside, three students charged at one of the

gunmen and tackled him. s one of thodents, kendrick castillo, was shot and killed. a classmate, who also rushed the shooter, described castillo's final moment hof heroism. charged the shooter and then was immediately on top of him, complete disregard for his own safety. he was immediately there to respond, he was immediately on the shooter and he was ready tat end the thre >> woodrf: castillo was a senior, just days away from graduation. both shooters-- an8-year-old male and a juvenile -- are i police custody. one attack hit the denver area hard, one already on edge, asughly a month after the 20th anniversary of thecre at columbine high school. schools across the area were locked down last month in reaction to threats related to the anniversary. tuesday's attack is the second u.s. school shooting in as many weeks. last week, a gunman at the university of north carolina, k charlottled two and

wounded four. he was also taken down by a student who charged him. these recent shootings come amid a nationwide debate about arming teachers. classrooms across the country are already taking other safety measures, such as operatingti shooter drills more frequently. last year saw the highest number school shootings in recent years, including two dozen that left 35 people dead. three of the four deadliest shtings in u.s. modern history, in an elementary and secondary school, have happened since columbine. let's talk about how communities and school systems are responding to all of this, including in colorado. john ferrugia is the news anchor and managing editor wiky mountain pbs in denver. and, evie blad is a reporter who covers this for "education week," a newshr partner. and evie blad is a rep tter who coves for education week, a "newshour" partner.

welcome to the program john ferrugia, tell us how the community dealing with all of this especially with a hisry going back to columbine? >> yes, judy, there's an overwhelming sense of sadness here, i think. another ho shooting, nine people shot, one young man not coming home to his family again, another funeral. there's just an overwhelmingth sadness abous in the community. i think, also, there is anger. i was just talking with a columbine survivor who saw her friends murdered in 1999. .he now has children of her own she says why in the world can't we keep kids safe in school? i think that's an overwhelming feelinhere in ts state and around the country and, of course, that brings up the a issues aroucess to guns which is being debated. everywhe >> woodruff: you were telling us the denver area in these counti, they have already instituted a number of assessments, taken security measures, south not as if nothing's been done over these years. >> no. in colorado, a couple of examples, safe to tell is a

hotline where people call and report either someone they're fearful could commit suicide or a threat. in the last school year, tre were 16,000 calls to that hot line and00 abouthreats reported, around 2800 suicide concerns. so people are reaching out, kids mostly, this is aimed at kids to call. secondly, in douglas county where the stem shooting took place, they have what are called threat assessments. last year more than 200 threat assessments of individual kids who were concerned to theh m throps, whatever, 184 of those kids were put on an invidual safety plan where their parents were involved, where they could be searched when they caminto school, where they're monitored. so there's a lot of vigilance going on in the school districts in colorado. just one final thing, you know, john mcdonald, the safetyn directorefferson county where columbine is, he says, today, if we see onso al media you've got a gun or you're going

to shoot somebody or you've got tobornlings we're goin believe you and be at your door right away doing a safety checko >>uff: and evie blad, how is what they're doing in the denver area, how isihat smilar or not to what's happening in the rest of the country?n >> there's bbig emphasis on prevention lately. these shootin are still statistically rare but, when aney happen, they have a big effect, obviously they're a very emotional thing for folks. so there's been realive to say what can we do to ensure that a student who mabe struggling, a student who may have some of these risk factors can ha the support and resources that they need that they don't act on those things. there's also a lot more emphasi on preparatound the country. we've seen since columbine the number of schools thato active shooter drills have increased dramatically e so while noery student will experience a shootg, in fact statistically students in america won't, most of them have an awreness of them because

they practice these routinesu that w keep them safe in the event of an emergency. >> woodruff: and you're telling us these routines e in elementary school for young children. >> yes, and som cyouildren do -- drills have been modified. they won't talk about a bad guy o assailant. they talk about stay in your classroom like you uld if a dog was in the hallway and you don't know the dog and we want to give you safe. psychologists are trying to modify these things sldo chin aren't traumatized by this. ci>> woodruff: it's a bal act because you want to be prepared and be on the lookout, but you don't want to frighten children, you don't want children traumatized before anything happens. one of the other things, the dilemma is h do you keep a child or a kid who comes into the school, who belongs in the school, has a backpac walks in and gets into the school like in

the stem shooting and then reveals having a gun in the backpack and starts shooting. so i really is prevention, and it's identifying these kidsrl in the situation at stem, these kids weren't on the radar. the sheriff says, look, we have no idea wh they were. they didn't have any social media postings that we concerning, nobody saw this coming. >> evie blad, is there a sense in the education world that they've made progress in understanding which children, ich students might be at risk of trying to do something?he >> well,'s no set profile of a school shooter, even though there are me this we see in common in news reports. and, so, the idea is to give students the support that they need, while also respecting their civil rights. we want students to have due process. we don't want to intervene in the situation and stiemgmatize but some of those things you would do to support a student who might be arisk are things that are best practices to helpa

students il kinds of situations. these tip lines lie they have in colorado more often are about bullying and suicide than school shootings. so some of the practices of making school supportive, of connecting adults to children, are good,reventative, protective factors for all kinds of things. k tooodruff: coming b what you said earlier, john ferrugia, you're saying there are st tl, even with ae preparation being done, there is anger, understandably, that thio kithing can still happen. >> yeah, there is, judy. i'll tell you, part of the sadness in colorado is that, you know, we jut noted the 20t 20th anniversary of columbine, this terrible, terrible event, and, 20 years later, many of these victims are saying, you know, we're now on the journey, on a continuing journey of recovery, and w we know every time there is one of these shootings, we hav se a newet of people on this recovery road again, and that's whhappens over and over and over again.

and that's the anger, that's the sadness, that's the frustration that people are feeling, and that's the drive, i think, at iast here in colorado and think around the country with teachers, administrators, law enforcement, of trying to identify this early and prevent it. >> woodruff: eviblad, it gets back to what you said erlier that even though the shootings are noth common,y happen often enough, they get a lot of media attention, and people, you know, the sense of terror is -- can be in the air. >> yeah, certainly the public polling has showed that about m three times any people report they fear for their child's safety now than they did after the newtown shooting in 2012, and that kind of fear can often drive policy-makers to do by anecdote to look at the circumstances of the lat shooting and say what can we do differently. >> woodruff: evie blad with education wee john ferrugia with rocky mountain pbs, thank you both.

>> thank y. >> woodruff: presidentrump's decision to defy the house >> woodruff: there's a lot of interest around the initia public offering of uber, which is expected to be one of the biggest i.p.o.s in years. william brangham loot why that is, the questions around its business model, and some of the wider controversies around the mpany. >> brangham: when uber hits the market tomorrow, it'll be the largest public stock offering in the u.s. since 2014. the ride-sharing giant-- and th rivalsspired-- changed driving and commuting around the world. its opening day market value may be well above $80 billion, whicl make it bigger, for example, than the market value of g.m. the big winners?er uber's fouand early investors, who own big chunks of stock. former c.e.o. travis kalanick resigned in 2017, after reports a corporate culture rife with sexual harassment, but he still

owns 9%, and will easily make biions. some veteran uber drivers couldh get onuses to buy shares. but the company itself, and the prospects of big paydays, remain abghly controversial. there are worriet how this i.p.o. could exacerbate already- huge wealth gaps in silicon valley. and many uber drivers-- and lthose at its competitor,t-- say they don't get paid nearly enough. this week, many went on short strikein cities around the world, protesting low wages and their status as indendent contractors rather than official employees. while uber performs more than 15 million passenger trips every day, the company has also grown to incde mobile scooters, a long-haul trucking service, and "uber eats," a food delivery service. but revenue growth has continued to slow, and it's still burning through a lot of cash. uber lost more than $3 billion last year.

its competitor lyft went public weeks ago, but is now trading below its initial prices. for more on er's initial stock offering, we turn to farhad manjoo.op he's aion columnist for the "new york times." and, amir efrati, senior reporter at "the information," who tracks this sector closely. gentlemen, welcome to yo yboth. amir, first, why so much expectation? i mean, i haven't heard people talking about an i.p.o. as much as they are about uber's in a longime. why all the fuss? >> this is an important consumer brand now, it's utility. it's part of all our lives, so this is gointo raise the profile of the company that much more. it's also going to be an important barometer for the public market andp apetite for other big money moving companies that are going to go public in the near future. i've with got postmates coming up, flack coming up, weo wrk going public as well, and this is actually a very important

barometer for whether investors are okay with that. far, we've seen skittishness when it comes to the uber i.p.o. >> reporter: uber's had af rat of bad p.r., labor issues, do you think any of those clouds are going to going the rain on tomorrow's parade? >> they already v. the comdipany want to price its i.p.o. valuing the company at $120 billion or at least $100 billion. the exefnghts who rrently ru the company are heavily incentivized to get that valuation to that level. they get massive bonuses if the company reaches. but the expectations ra affidavit eted down and uber had the worst quarter ever, lost more thana billion dollars overall. the questions continue to mou and the company is saying, look, trust us. the competition that we face currently in the united states

and around the wor, it will abate and be able to make money. it's very difficult to see that path at the moment. >> farhad manjoo, you wrote a blisring piece in the "ne york times" recently where you admitted optimism about the idea of uber and it as a company but you've obviously changed your mind and referred to this i.p.o. as a moral stain on the culture of silicon valley. what is your biggest complaint? >> i think the uber idea and the idea of ride sharing was this -- it could have been thismi beautiful dyc where the company and its founders won, but also you could have had this company working away whered drivers ities and the way we all work could have, you know, impve instead, what's happened is the latest numbers show that, in many cities where these companies operate, traffic is up, traffic is up in large part because of these kinds of companies, and they've also

created this massive workforce of drivers who get and ared allo get paid under the minimum wage because of hohew are classified as contractors rather than employe meanwhile, you know, after a long history of recklessness, lawlessness, the insiders of this company, the people who founded it and were reckless in creating that culture, they are going to get huge rewards from this i.p.o. i think it's a bad model, but, unfortunately, a more common template for what licon valley does in the world and its affect on the world. thisould have been a much better idea, a more equitable idea and one that worked for more parties, and how it ended up is winning for a few peple, while a whole lot of others lose in the process. >> i'm curious, though, to press you a little bit on thatpoint because, to be more equitable --

i mean labor is one of the big issues here -- if they were paying their drivers re, wouldn't that again negatively impact the company? m trying to ask is te model itself potentially viable? and you simply think uber is not doing it wll, or is the business model itself not ncially viable? >> i mean, p we will see. i think that there was a way that you could have had more expensive uber rides but better incentivized labor force, one that wasna template of this new model of working for an app that chooses your pay and how you work with an algorithm. and i also think there may with a universe where treating drivers better would have led to a better company that didn't have the brand issues and other problems. hink you point out and amir pointed out the kind ofta

fundambusiness model of this company, even in the inequitable way it's structured now, is still in q i think one of the reasons we in the valley have been watching this company for a long time is because it's been this mystery whether it sort of ultimately works. we've had other companies like this in tech. amazon for a long time was losing money and bent on expansion, but aazon -- and uber has tried to compare itself to amazon, but i think this is a different kind of company, it's pushing sort of new boundarie and new -- and a whole new kind of business model. >> amare, what do you make of that? is this business model where a company could be successful and its employees feel like they're getting a fair sake, is that viable? >> it can be. it's going to require a lot of rk and a lot of mers and acquisitions potentially as well, but i think it's very t important k about the net benefits that uber and lyft and

other riding companies haveid pr to society. they've really modernized the taxi market. if you l askedgbtq people what it was like to hail taxes, they will tell you a lot of horror stories and that's is it case in san francisco. for wheelchair-bound people, this has been a huge gift. so i think the product is incredible, it works very well, foar the most t, and that's something we should keep in mind. farhad is right, there is congestion, drivers should be paid more iut i thi's a benefit so far. drivers are doing it for a reason, nobody's putting a gun to their head. i do think they need to give drivers better information and potentially better pay. >> amir efrati and farhad manj, thank you very much. >> anytime.

>> woodruff: sports champions frequently visit the white house, but in this divided time, and with bitterly polarized attitudes about president trump, it is no longer a routine practice. as yamiche alcindor reports, many famous players are taking action off the field. >> alcindor: a moment of a celebration for some of the boston red sox. for others, it was a white house boycott. that's because some membersof he 2018 world series championship team did not show up for the traditionalit house visit. even red sox manager alex coraot chooseo attend. he's from puerto rico, and w,today, he told a radio s he's troubled by president trump's response to hurricane maria. >> i'm the guy who has lived esthere, i'm the guy who l there in the off-season. riunderstand how it goes. i just don't feet going and celebrating when people are struggling back home. y: alcindor: on display to a stark racial divide. most white playe came, but all

but one team's black and latino players, like star pitcher davic and m.v.p. mookie betts, did not. te event comes after pres trump awarded the presidential medal of freedom to tiger woods on monday. events like today's have long been a bipartisan white house tradition. >> thanks for salvaging my bracket. >> alcindor: but president trump's past staments-- especially tied to race-- have led to deep divides among athletes about attending. some still come to white house ceremonies, but many of the most well-known players in sports have not. in 2017 the president publicly criticized quarterback colin kaepernick for kneeling during the national anthem. that same year the reigning n.b.a. champions, the golden state warriors, said they wouldc t the white house visit. president trump claimed he disinivited them, prompting and, a visit by the 2018 superbowl champions, theph adelphia eagles, was canceled, after of number of players said they would not. atte let's explore this divide a bit deeper, not only with the red

sox today, but how some athletes are responding to president trump more broadly. kevin blackistone is a national sports columnist for the "washington post," a regular contributor to espn, a professor of journalism at the university of maryland. thanks so much, kevin, for being here. there is a split here. some red sox players showed up to the white house, others chose not u come. at does it say about what these sports events at the white house have become under president trump? >> well, you know, just when elesident trump waected, i did a video column over at "the washington post" abo thivery issue, about the tradition of sports teams and champions coming to the white house, and i said then and i thi uld certainly amplify it again now that, if you believe that sports are some sort of elixir for all the ills that are in our society -- racism, sexism, misogyny, homophobia -en it would be disingenuous for you as

tiportsman or sportswoman to accept an invi to congratulate you for a championship from this president, and i think that' what you saw borne out morest ically in this boston red sox event than any other because, in other instances, either teams have not gone or ther teams have been disinvited, but, this time, half the team showed up and half the team did not, basical in protest, and the racial division was so stark that it just couldn't be ignored. >> eelier in the clar, the clemson university football team, most to have the black players didn't show up, most to have the white players did. what do you make of that given the history of the uted states? >> i think the president returned us to a time when we thought about how divisive things were between black folks and white folks in this country or maybe, in this case, expand it to all people of color and

white fos in this contry. and i think if you look at what happened with clemson, or atrtainly if you looke what happened with the red sox, it's very clear. i think it's importa to point out people of color because a lot of people talk about baseball not having as many blk players as it useto, but do you know who didn't come to this white house? the prodigy of enslaved africans from this country, the prodigy of enslaved africans from the caribbean and south africa, they all didn't come, soin one way, it created some unity, i think, among black american players and black players from the caribbean and from south ameca, but it also, once again, underscored how divisittive the politics are under this particular administration. you heard alex talking about his concern about puerto rico and what's happened to puerto rico

under this presidency after it was struck by the hurricane, and we know how many black players have felt about this presidency's approach to matters concerning the "black lives matter" movement. so all of this has relyome to a head in this event. >> there's also this issue of tiger woods. he got honored at the white house earlier this week. what is him beingnored mean for this issue going forward? >> we know presint trump and tiger woods have a long historyu ton golfe and -- on the golf course and, so, i think president trump saw this as poan unity to wrap himself in the glow of the moment of tiger woods, and we know that tiger woods has had a very spotty record when it comes to speak out on political maters. whether it was about women being admitted to augusta or whether it was aboutther issues. in fact, he didn't stand up for

president obama until after president obama was elected. so that was -- this was an issue hir tiger woods and for the president that i a lot of people understood the ramifications of. >> well, thank you so much for joining us, kevin blackistone. >> thank you. 's woodruff: president tru decision to defy the house juciary committee's subpoe for the unredacted mueller report puts the administration and housdemocrats on a collision course. democrat jerry nadler chairs that committeeand issued a stark warning this week that the country is in a constitutional crisis. chairman nadler jos us now h from capitl. chairman nadler, thank you for being here. my question is -- >> thank you. >> woodff: -- are we at a impasse i

the president saying i'm not going along with any subpoenas. the white house press secretary saying what you did in hding the attorney general in contempt sun lawful. >>e are in a constitutional crisis because to have the administration's contempt for law, their refusal to obey the law,hether the refusal to hand over the president's tax returns to the chairman of ways and means, when the law says they must do that, wether it's their family separation -- separation at the border, whether they're opposing the constitutionality of the affordable care act in court, and now the president'sof obstructioustice as documented in the mueller tport, and now the president's announced decisiat he's going to defy all subpoenas fro use. >> woodruff: right. that means he is denying the role of the house of representatives as coordinate branch of government and trying si establish the prncy as a

dictatorship. you can't have a democratic government if the executive deniesfo all ination and denies all lawful as much as, it's a complete defiae of lw, and that's a crisis. the other part of it is that they've turned the justice department which is supposed to enforce the law into an agency for defying the law as the person property of the president against the laws of the united states. that's the cry sis. > woodruff: but, con what recourse does congress have realistically? if all of ths ends up in the court, aren't you looking at weeks and months wrangling i the court with no resolution here? >> well, we are cerinly looking at weeks, maybe months in court, but we have no alternative because we have to vindicate the rule of law and we have to insist t the president -- no president is above the law, no american is above the lawno president is above the law, or dictator.

>> presidents have to respect coofng as the representativ the american people and have to be willing to give informationo requested by aress on behalf of the american people. simply to say you're not going to obey any subpoenas is law.out defiance of it is going to be found wrong in courts. the courts are not going to sustain that, there is no basis for it, but they're being totally lawless and a lawless administrations a tyrannical administration. >> woodruff: what does that inn, congressman nadle terms of what you can do? your committee has voted to holy the attoeneral in contempt. my understanding is that citation expires attend of this term of congress. what recourse do you the other -- e recourses - >> woodruff: -- have to make the administration cooperate? >> the only rescourse we have i to cite the attorney general and i'm sure others -- i'm sure

other committees will be citing other officials in the administration for conservative shortly -- administration for contempt shortly. we'll pass those on the floor of the house and have to go to dourt. >> woodruff: wha that lead to? >> hopefully a swift court order with compulsiobehind it. >> woodruff: i'm sorry. could you repeat that again. >> is this wot it leads t, hopefully, are swift court orders sasying you mt apply this information or do this or that, as the case may be, with a court ordered compulsion behind it. the court can fine an official 40-, 50-, $100,000 a day until he does what ise ncessary. >> woodruff: my understanding is the law around so many of the issues are not black and white, are not clear. >> i disagree. the law is quite clear on most of these issues. for example, any subpoena must be adhered to, the information must be supplied unless you have a legal reason not to do so, and

presidential privilege which they're haaimin certain limits and the supreme court in this case said even the most closely held privilege where the president was talking to his own ladvisors is not id when you're talking about potential wrongdoing by the administration. second of all, it is very clear, black-lett law, that once you give any information to a third party, to the press, to somebody's wire, to the mural investigation, i've waived the privege -- you've waived the privilege. all the information we've and inned is of that chracter. >> woodruff: congressman, as you know the administration isti po out 92% or more of the mueller report has already been made public. so what more is it that you and others in congress need to see? >> the other 8%. you can't judge the importance

of information from percentages. and in every previous case, whether it was the nixon case or the iran contra case, or the clinton case or other cases, congress or at least the judiciary committee have seen all the information and the underlying materials. we agree that some ofa tht information cannot be made public but that decision is up tr the congress, forhe judiciary committee, not for the president and not for theal attorney gen >> woodruff: so, finally, congressman, sounds like you're t backing down. >> we cannot back down. to back down would be to adit that the administration may hold all material secrets from congress and congress might well go home, then you have the president as a dictator above the law.d we cannotit that. we rebelled against george iii, 250-odd years ago, and cannot admit it's all a waste of time.

>> woodruff: jerry nadler ofm the judiciary mittee, thank you. >> you're weome. >> woodruff: and now, a new movement that is bringing together big businesses and with thentalist goal of rethinking the value of waste. jeffrey brown reports from amsterdam.of it's part ur weekly segment on business and economics, amaking sense." >> brown: away froerdam's iconic canals and museums, a different kind of attraction. anplace where the offices hotel are made out of old boats, solar panels power most of the reildings, and the herbs used at the popular cafe a grown using fish waste and that's not all that's helping them. >> this column, it's connected through the piping that's on the wall to urine that we've collected from the dry urinals in the cafe, and also from our building. we can add some chemicals, and

then we get these crystals that are actually fertilizer. >> brown: welcome to de ceuvel. quirky and off the beaten path-- itown little neighborhood the midst of the larger city. it's a laboratory to test a new approach to waste-free, sustainable living. eva gladek, an american who's lived here for more than ten years, is founder of metabolic, the company that spearheads the project. >> we took a bunch of old houseboats, we eco-retrofitted them to make them as sustainable and energy-efficient as possible.th e's nothing dug into the ground. the boats don't have sanitation. so they all have-- they all have compost toilettrand grey water tment systems using bio- filters. the so is being cleaned using plants, and we have a lot of different experiments on managing urban resources >> brown: small experiments for now-- but based on big ideas. >> cities are functioning as

global resource drains the metabolism of citi is linear. there is all this stuff coming in, it's getting processed, i turno waste, and then it gets spit out. and actually, we need to create a circular metabism. >> brown: de ceuvel is rooted in the so-called "circular economy"-- a radically new way reof thinking about the fu that's built on a relatively simple idea: maximize the use of raw materials, turn waste into a valuable, reusable commodity, so that nothing, in the end, is really wasted. the goal: a healthier planet, and economy. and while the models are speculative, some studies suggest potential benefits are massive.am for e, by getting more value out of existing materials, europe could see an annual benefit of up to $2 trillion by 2030. and, carbon emissions could be nearly halved. at the same time, it's a massive undertaking. >> i would say we're in the

first third, if you want to pin me down into an estimation. moi would love, in 2020, w into the next transition. >> brown: harald friedl is the c.e.o. of circle economy-- a research and advocacy group based in amsterdam. >> i think, our way nking, sometimes we believe big change oun't possible. >> brown: how do yhange a mindset? >> i think how we go about it is practical, pctical, practical solutions. >> brown: to that end, circle economy has partnered with a number of dutch businesses. one example: black bear carbon. 45 minutes outside amsterdam, the company has tried to apply circular economy principles to the tire industry. martijn cardozo lopes is the c.e.o. >> there's almost two billion tires that reach the end of their life. most of them actually get burned or landfilled. so, this is a big environmental problem. >> brown: at kar-gro recling, workers sort tires that are then

shredded. their base components-- steel, rubber and a powder called carbon black-- are separated and then reused to make new tires or other common household items. cardozo lopes says they're able to extract about 70% of the raw material from old tires, and they're now looking to build new factories. >> in order to make the circular economy work, you not only have to do something good, but also eate real business. it has to have good economic returns. >> brown: still, it cabe hard work convincing would-be investors. >> typically, the answer you get is, "oh, martijn, we le your concept. once you have ten factories up and running, we'll buy number 11." er there's always this risk you're acting in a traditional industry. >> brown: he says 1,500 plants could process all of the world'u used tires, t it would require a capital investment of roughly $15 billion. and that's just r tires.

further: it's not only about convincing investors, changing consumer habits as well. for example, not throwing away your old jeans, so thedon't end up in landfills. mud jeans, another dutch company, uses about 40% recycled cotton, and in addition to giving customers a discount for returning their old jeans-- in new twist-- it lets them lease new ones. bert van son is its founder. >> leasing a washing machine is understandable. leasing a pair of jeans is maybd moficult, because you wear it, it's yours. okay, i can understand that. but still, the thought behind it-- give me back your old jeans, i will use the cotton again, recycle it, tear it, apart and mix it with new cotton-- i have to mix it with new cotton-- and reuse it, so that we don't have to grow so much cotton every year. >> brown: another big question for the circular economy: whone ends up ting? as new technology and infrastructure will be at apr

ium, big corporations, at least in the near future, appeai to hold a ificant advantage. and, could the desire to make profit derail the process altogether? again, eva glade >> that's where governments come into play. there has to be an alignme with government, saying, okay, this is where we want to go to. this is the vision for it.g we're go support businesses, create new financing mechanis, and change policy to support that. >> brown: athe moment, all these businesses are far from being completely circular. at black bear carbon, tires only go through the process once, and the trucks that get them t factory still rely on traditional fossil fuels. likewise, mud jeans ships their clothes around the world and uses about 60% new cotton. still, harald friedl of circle economy is optimistic. >> if we have supported, in five years from now, we said we have provided tools for cities to change and we have provided tools for businesses to change,

than i think we have made a big step forward to enable others to ke the change. >> brown: and for eva gladek, there's no alternative. >> i guess you can think it's a utopian pipe dream, but if we don't make certain drastic changes to how we're operating, we're really going to ru some serious existential problems. and i think striving for a utopia is a really great thingou to do withlife. >> brown: a journey to utopia? come aboard. for the pbs newshour, i'm a jeffrey brown terdam. >> woodruff: finally, something old is n again-- and still relevant to these times. it has been more than half a century since rper lee penned "to kill a mockibird."

our well-traveled and multi- tasking jeffrey brown is back again, reporting on the re-worked "to kill a mockingbird" staged on broadway and up for a handful of tony awards next month. it's part of our ongoing arts and culture series, "canvas."sn >> the defenda't guilty, but someone in this building is! >> brown: it's a new take on one of the most beloved and well-known stories in american literature: "to kill a mockingbird," in aaron sorkin's broadway adaptation of the harper lee classic. sorkin is creator of the hit tv show "the west wing," and writer of films including "a few good men" and "the social network," which won him an oscar. when we met recently at the famed sards restaurant, he id he'd had two distinct reactions when the opportunityca to bring "mockingbird" to broadway. >> my heart sank, t,cause i thouthis is a suicide mission-- i'm never going to get out of this alive."

and i was thrilled, because of the opportunity to be doing a play, to be back in thter, my first draft of the play reflected the heart-sinking part. i simply was trying to swaddle the ok in bubble wrap, and gently transfer it to a stage. the result was, that first draft was tepid. >> brown: the play he nally did write, starring jeff daniels, still focus atticus finch, the small-town lawyer in maycomb, alabama tasked with defending tom robinson, an african american man wrongly accused of assaulting a white woman. the story, set in the 1930s, is told from the point of vieof finch's young daughter, scout, who learns important lessons about race, class and morality. the book was first published in 1960. two years later, it was made into an academy award-winningri movie star gregory peck as atticus. jeff daniels called sorkin's

version a "rethink." after getting the part, he read the book and re-watched the film. >> i wanted to see how he, you know, he chose to do thatat that way, hat way, that that way, and you go, "okay, thank you." clocked it. again. different medium, different script. b wn: different time. >> different time. >> brown: different time, because one of the big questions is doing "to kill a mockingbird" today. >> i think harper le as far as she cou. peck was-- it was written as the great white hero, savior, and that's what he played. that w the book, that was the movie. >> brown: how much change is allowed? that became a question last year when lee's estate sued, saying sorkin's script unacceptably altered characters. the suit was ultimately settled, and the show went on. sorkin argued "mockingbird" today should reflect an increased awareness of racism, then and now. that meant a mormeaningful role for the african american

characters: the defendant, tom robinson, and finch's maid, calpurnia, who's played by latanya richardson jackson. >> i don't want 'em hatin' people they disagree with. >> ya gotta give maycomb time, cal. this is the deep south.yo gotta give maycomb time. well, how muchomime would malike? >> i didn't want her to behe magical negro. neither did i want her to just be scenery. my coming to it was filled with what i would always hope that i knew about these women, that i knew about people who were in service. and if that was goin ito happen, thas in. but if that was not what was happening, the truth of who they really were, of their strength, of how philosophically they fill the void of living for most people then, then i wasn't in.

>> brown: sorkin decided the lead role of atticus finch had to shift, too, with more of an arc from the play's beginning to its end. >> is he a bad lbeyer who mes a good lawyer? a bad father who becomes a good father? a racist, to become someone who believes in justice an equality? of course, not any of those. i saw that i didt have to give atticus a flaw. that, reading the book today, instead of back when i read it, he already had a couple. it's just that we were taught that they were virtues. atticus says, "you can find yourness in anyone-- it' job to get around inside their skin."at >> brown: thssertion, sorkin said, had an echo in president trump's remarks after the 2017 white nationalist rally in charlottesville, vi. violence erupted, leaving one woman dead. e president famously said there were "very fine people on both sides."

>> i thought, "wait, a-- suddenly i have some questions for atticus." this was no longer an exercise inostalgia. this wasn't a field trip to a museum. it wasn't an homage to one of america's favorite bks. it was something new. >> so let's hasten the change. o t's hasten the end of the beginning, let's right now, in maycomb. let's begin by restoring thisy. man to his fam let'begin with justice. nd it isn't enough for atticus to lose the caseo back to his porch, get a bourbon or a tea, and then solve the boo radley mystery and go to bed. you've got, what are you going to do? you're the hero. what are you going to do? what are you going to do about it? and he tries to stand for hisnd beliefs,hen he finds out that maybe we can't wait for people to find the goodness in themselves.

>> brown: for celia keenan bolger, who plays scout, the play is still squarely harper lee's "to kill a mockingbird." but, she said, sorkin tugged at the themes most in need of examination today. >> i think it feels very fresh while, you know-- harper lee wrote it in 1960 about the '30s. and here we are doing it in 2019, looking back on 1960, looking back on 1930. i mean, i think we-- it's old and new all at once, and that, that's part of what makes it-- it's an enduring piece of literature, but it's also something that can withstand a production like this, which dares, i think, to draw out the relevancy of the themes that harper lee put down,ou know, in the first place. rd brown: celia keenan bolger is one of nine tony a d.minations the new "to kill a mockingbird" recei also included: jeff daniels for best aor in a leading role. for the pbs newshour, i'm

jeffrey brown on broadway. >> woodruff: old and new all at wsce. and that is the ur for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us online, and again here tomorrow evening, with mark shields and david brooks. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you, and we'll see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by >> babbel. a language program that teachese -life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. babbel's 10-15 minute lessons are available as an app, or online. more information on babbel.com. >> bnsf railway. >> consumer cellular. >> financial services firm raymond james. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions

>> this program was possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org >> you're watching pbs.

>> hello everyone and welcome to amanpour & company here's what' coming up. president trump asserts executive privilege to keep the parts of the mueller report away fm congress while ratcheting up tensions with iran to n highs. tehran withdraws from the nuclear deal. reaction from senators chris murphy fresh from their bipartisan tour of the middle east. then former massachusetts governor, bill weld, why he's challenging president trump in the primaries. >> i can start to imagine money that isn't necessarily based onr a government a mineral or a piece of paper. >> still c confused bpt