captioning sponsory newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the "nehour" tonight, trade tensions rise and markets stumble as china imposes retaliatory tariffs on $60 billion worth of u.s. goods. then our politics monday team breaks down the latest news from the campaign trail and how voters are feeling aut trade, the opioid crisis and more. plus, inside "the jungle," an immersive theater experience that recreates the environment of a crowded refugee camp in fvence, told by people who there. all that and more on tonight's "pbs newshour." ov major funding for the pbs newshour has been ed by:

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advancinideas and supporting institutions to promote a better world. at www.hewlett.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank yo. >> woodruff: financial markets tanked today in reaction to the escalating u. trade war with ina. beijing fired the latest barrage: w tariffs on u.s. goods to retaliate for u.s. tariffs on iorts from china. the dow jones industrial average

tst 617 points to close j below 25,325. the nasdaq fell nearly 270 points-- more than 3%. and the s&p 500 gave up 69. we will look at china's action and what could happen next after the news summary. president trump has issued a new warning to iran, amid claims of o sil tankers beiotaged in the persian gulf. the president was asked today about three ships that were damaged in the gulf, and about suspicions that iran was hind it. mr. trump offered no details about the incidents, but he put tehran on notice. >> we'll see what happens with iran. if they do anything it would be a very bad mistake if they do anything. i'm hearing little stories about iran. if they do anything they will wffer greatly. druff: meanwhile, the u.s. embassy in iraq warned americans again not to travel to iraq, after unspecified threats from iran. american b-52 bombers and an aircraft carrier group have

s.ployed to the persian gulf in recent d secretary of state mike pompeo stopped in brussels todir to discuss . he met with european officials to talk about u.s. sanctions. pompeo said the u.s. does not want warit wants iran's leaders to change their behavior. prosecutors in sweden have re-opened a rape case agnst wikileaks founder julian assange. they will now seek extradition ritain-- after he finish serving 50 weeks in prison for jumping bail. in stockholm today, his former lawyer said assange is still focused on u.s. charges of hacking pentagon computers. >> i do think that he is very disappointed because this will take energy from the real case, that he did, as a journalist, reveal what the united states really did in iraq and afghanistan and due to that they want him extradited and put into prison. >> woodruff: u.s. officials also

want to extradite assange. british authorities will decide which case gets priority. back in this country, parts of the south began cleaning up after sere storms ripped the region over the weekend. communisoties ihern mississippi were still under water today, after downpours triggered flooding and ghut down a hiy. the governor declared an emergedancy on s a police disciplinary hearing began in new york city today in the chokehold death of eric garner. his death in 2014, and his cries of "i brcan'the" helped fuel the "black lives matter" movement. d white police officer, daniel pantaleo, is accu using the banned chokehold. he could be fired if it is found that he violated department policy. actress felicity huffman pled guilty today to paying $15,000 toerig h daughter's s.a.t. score. she appeared in federal court in boston.

prosecutors are recommending huffman be sentenced to betweeno and ten months in prison. the state of washington is now the fit to enter the private health insurance market with public option plans. the public plans will be available for all state residents by 2021, regardless of income. they wilrdl cover stanealth care services and cap rates paid to providers which is expected to result in 10% savings. and former president jimmy carter is hospitalized tonight, after he bre a hip and had rgery. the carter center says he fell at his home in plains, georgia, as he was about to leave to go turkey hunting. it sayhe is now resting comfortably. mr. carter is 94-years-old-- the oldest living president. still to come on the "newshour," trade tensions rise as chin imposes rifetaliatory tar on u.s. goods, a visit to the oval offi from hungary's far-righ leader sparks controcsrsy, our polionday team breaks down

the latest on the race for 2020, and much more. >> woodruff: the trade war en the world's two bigge economies escalated today, and u.s. stocks-- headed to new n cords just weeks ago-- posted their worst lossesquarter of a year. the markets were bracing for a sharp drop today when china announced it would raise tariffs on $60 billion worth of u.s. imports. neither side prepared to offer new concessions publicly. president trump raised tariffs on friday and repeated his threat today to raise tariffs on another $325 billion worth of chinese goods. he said he remained confidente s. economy could handle any hit, including some farmers who are feeling the pain.

ve the position we're in there can be some retaliation but it can't be vany, very subsal by comparison. and out of the billions of dollars'r that taking in a small portion of that will be going to our farmers, because china will be retaliating to a certain extent against our farmers.a boasted abouditional tariff revenue coming into the country, he overschtated how money the government with take in. and he has denied american of theers will feel much hi this is in direct contradiction to what many economists and experts say has already started happening and will increase later this year and next. those companies upset over the tariffs imposed on chinese goods and how it affects their product line, he said there was another sol use. >> if they don't want to pay tariffs, make it here or buy it

from another country that is a non-tariffed country. so whether you go to vietnam or so many others, you can do that. >> woodruff: but many companiesay it would be very difficult for them to do that with prices that would keep them competitive. so let's pick up on these questions now and more with gg i, he's been-- i following this with the "the nall street jo" so greg, i think it's gotten sir yeses now, the u.s. imposed tariffs under president trump, the chinese have now retaliatedded. companies in this country arego g to feel some of the pain despite what the president is saying, aren't they sth.l, >> wbsolutely. i think up until now there has been a wide spread assumption among most companies and investors that there would be a lot of friction but the two sides would eventually work it out. i think the breakdown in trucks the last week has btroubling to suggest that what the u.s. wants has bumped against red lines the chinese have about not giving up their sovereignty. so a lot of companies have to

prepare themselves that these tariffs will be permanent. we have hador anecdotal rts that companies like gopromoving camera production to mexico. steve madden moving shoe production to cam bodia. the repor that the company that makes the iphone for apple will make it in india. will you see many more reports as companies prepare for the contingencies. >> woodruff: when the president says manyompanies will move their business, you are saying that is already beginning to happen. >> that is already beginning to happen. and there will be costs to americans because keep in mind the reon they are being made in china now is it st the most efficient, costve effecay to o do so. these other solutions will be more expensive. >> woodruff: greg, to what extent are we looking at a breakthrough in u.-- u.s.-chinese relations, these are two countries, largest economies in the world. we have had this enormous trading relationship going on. what does thisctual represent. >> i think had we could be looking at here, this all

deombds of course on the ou of the talks is a potential rupture in what is the largest and mo important economic relationship in the world today. we have seen these fictions ilding up, not just under trump but actually bipartisan by democrats and republicans, that china since joining its wrld traderganization in 2001 cannot playing by the rules and cannot be treated like other countries. we have seen multiple moves on securitynd law enforcement to try and push china out of the u.s. economy, banning othe companies were doing business in china, telling american companies they can't sell technology to certain chinese companies for fear of ling intellectual property and so for. we could be loking at a multiarea process of these two economies becoming disengagedo >> woodruff:at does that mean in terms of the overall economic picture? we saw the markets' reaction today, the dow, the nas dak, across-- naz, across-the-board there was negative reaction. >> a lot of it is because we

just done know t is uncertain, when people are uncertain they disengage, they sell. the positive scen ar yorks this the tariffs do not take effect until june 1st, that gives a few mo weeks to discuss, it possible that they manage to basically compartmentalize some of theecurity issues and everything else continues as continues as it was before. if will is a complete breakdown we arek willing at higher tariffs and tradiee bars and friction and the rest of the world having to choose sides between whether they want to do business with china orhe united states. >> woodruff: but it sounds fas you are saying st still very much sia gues game. >> it really is. both sides have strong incentives to reach a deal. president trump wants a strong economy, he wants a strong stock market, all of that is essential to his reelection. american companies want to continueo do business in china. china wants to maintain its reputation as a ong and reliable source. but t may be, this is whawe find out, that the two sides, that they just cannot reconcile what they want from each other.

>> woodruff: what can we learn greg ip from what happened am the past when there have been trade battles between the united states and other countries? >> we don't have a good tell the two best examples you look at would be the u.s verhe soviet union. when we were strategic adversaries. so essentially the world divided into these sealed spheres, if you did business with the united n'ates, you probably dt do business with the soviet union. that is not like china it is ans ady today but it is heavily integrated. we had trade frictions with ons witht our fric japan never entered the .trategic sphere because japan was an all i think one of the reason this is so complicated is china is both this enomous economic partner but this very for middable geo strategic advo sear. >> woodruff: so in terms of what happens next, the markets are watching, thetompanies t devend-- depend on doing business with china watching closely. y >> i think whu need to watch is the signals, the bodyg language comt of coming

meetings. will the americans fix on a date to go back to china-- china. what happens as the june 1st deadline approaches. >> woodruff: greg ip of the "the wall street jou thank you very much. >> thanks for having me. >> woodruff: preside trump welcomed another controversial leader to the whe house today: he is prime minister viktor orban of hungary. orban has roiled europe with his populism, his restrictions on immigration, and antidemocratic moves consolidate power in hungary. william brangham has the story. >> brangham: it was victor orban's first visit to the white house in 20 years, and he found a like-minded leader in president trump. >> probably like me a little bit controversial, but that's okay, that's okay! ku've done a good job. and you't your country safe. >> i would like to express that we are proud to stand tother with the untied states fighting against illegal migration, on

terrorism, and to protect and help the christian communities ound the world. >> brangham: in the 1990's, when he visited president clinton, orban was seen by many as a democratic reformer, helping steer his country out of theso et-era. he returned to per in 2010-- but this time, as a right-wing populist and nationalist. >> ( translated ):reuropean culased on christian values must be given primacy on the european continent. europe's borders mu be protected against the invasion of migrants. >> brangham: where president as called for a wall at the u.s./mexico border, orban actually closed hungary's southern border with barbed wire after mainly sian refugees surged almost 450% i2015. >> ( translated ): the biggest danger of all is the immigrants in their millions who are threatening us from the south. that's the truth. we built the fence, we defended the southern border. >> brangham: while lines

lengthened at the border, and pleas for help grew, grants of asylum in hungary dropped drastically. many of the refugees already in hungary, were deported to serbia. >> they told us that "you need to leave hungary immediately, right now or we will deport you back tafghanistan." the hungarian police officers are really bad. they trikeat uswe're not humans, like animals. >> brangham: last year, janos laza- then a top official in orban's cabinet-- made this video in vienna, austria, about the growing muslim community there: >> ( translated ): the white oved oian austrians m and the immigrants took control of this neighborhood. if hungarianset them in and t them live in our cities, there cwill be a highme rate, impoverishment, filth. >> brangham: en came an anti- migration campaign targeting european commission president jean-claude juncker, as well as hungarian billionaire george soros. orban's incread crackdown on the hungarian media has also created strain with the e.u. the "committee to prote

journalists" warns that orban has "crippled the independent press" and is a "threat to the e.u. as an institution." but there was no such criticism in t oval office today as president trump pressed to loosen hungary's reliance on russia and china, tnd build closs with the u.s. for more on what this newfound alliance means for hungary and for europe we turn to arles kupchan. he was the senior director for european affairs on the national security council staff during the obama white house. is now a senior fellow at the council on foreign relations, and a professor at georgetown university. welcome back to the newshour. you.od to be wi >> for people who have not been following vik viktor orban's career or where he sits in the orbit of european politicsk tell us por about him. >> well, as your piece said, he starts off as a disheveled

liberal post comom nis progressive. he has one bite of the apple as prime minister from '98 to 2002 and then he comes back in 2010 and he has been there ever since. and he essentially tracked frome th to the right to the further right over the course of his political career. and in many respects, is a person that is ahead of his time in the sense tt he became anti-immigrant, anti-europe, closed down the borders, take over the media, compromise the independence of the judi well before it became mainstream. you now see it happening in poland, intaly, the far right is gaining ground in germany. it's a widespread phenomenon. he was in many respects the person who blazed that path. ce former trump senior advisor steve bannon referred to vik tor orban as trump be trump, is that an accurate characterization of him? >> there is no question that

there is ideaological affinity between trump and orban. there is, i think effort to create what you might call an illiberal alliance in which trump sides with orban, the head of albany, head of the heeg italy, catchinsky of law and justice in poland, alternative for germany, the national rally in france. they are tries create a political movement that pushes democratic politics to the righn anhe anti-immigrant direction. i don't think it is any accident that ts meeti today occurred less than two weeks before votes for the european parliament. it is a bell weather election, no question that the r right, the anti-eu, the anti-immignt forces will grain ground. the question is how much ground will they gain, how much influence will they wield in t new parliament. >> given that, what impact does

viktor orban sitting there and getting this warm embrace from mp actuallyonald tru mean for orban in the eu. >> no question that it is a big bump for orban. he made it into the oval office. trump to some extent is letting him out of the penaltbox because he has been shunned for a long time. in fact the eu has been going forward with what is called article 7, explicit legal sanctions against hungary for its anti-democratic behavior. so tets is basicallyng him back in at the seat with the big boys second thing is i think this will help populists across europe because they will looat or gahn ksh-- orban and say hey, this guy has momentum, let's go to the polls. one thing i would say as a cav yet is a lot of eureans aren't going to like this meeting. some of them may go to theolls arter this month and vote for centristes precisely because they don't like trump, isey don't like the fact that he nterfering in wreur mean

politics. so it is difficult to say exactly how this will play. >> what about the argument that is made that as i touched on very briefly that orban an hungary is turning to be a little closer to china an a little closer to russia. and so that there is value in president trump trying to hold him a little closer to the democratic west. >> well, i think the main impact of this meeting is a symbolic one that we have been talkingen aboubut there will be a traditional component to this, one of it has too with china-- china. the chinngse are builelton road, they are investing in hungary. hungary is considering bringing in the largeell come company to build its 5g. the u.s. doesn't like tha s because urity concerns. orban has been very close to putin. he has invited putin to budapest on several occasions. trump probably is okay with that because he also likes tin. but i think in many respects the

see itadministration may going a little bit too far. he, for example, has stood in the way of nato cooperation with ukraine. trump administration has been supporting uk. there were also, i think, be as part of the agenda a diofscussin energy in the region, the central european energy corridor. and i-- trump has alswanted to sell arms to hungary, get rid of their soviet arsenal so i am guessing that earlieray he pushed him on that front as wellpc >> charles an, thank you as always. >> my pleasure >> woodruff: we turn to politics now, with the 2020 candidates making their case to voters in early states-- and in so cases, beyond. >> reporter: in hampn, new hampshire, today, joe biden laid out what he calls his visiono restore decency and dignity in america, something he says is missing under the leadership of president trump.

>> we're embracing dictators, the president is embracing oligarchs. we've been poking our fingers in the eyeballs of our allies as well. so it's our example that we ve stood for in the past that has allowed the world to unite init the greatest--ally, not figuratively-- the greatest alliances in human history. >> woodruff: the former vice president wasn't the only presidential hopeful to hit the trail in early voting states. new jersey senator cory booker delivered a commencement speech saturday at southern new hampshire university. >> this is a day thousands of peleave helped to make. >> woodruff: at a davenport, iowa, restaurant, former colorado governor john hickenloopde called for moc ratic unity. and in front of hundreds in las vegas nevada, south bend mayor pete buttigieg told the hum rights campaign's annual gala tuthat he's concerned a artificial divisites being cread between groups of voters. >> what worry about are the very real walls being put up

between us as we get divided and carved up. what every gay person has ie common, everxcluded person of any kind, is knowing what it's liketo see a wall between you and the rest of the world and wonder what it's like on the other side >> woodruff: meanwhile, massachusetts senator elizabeth warren veered off the early stede trail and into rural, towns like chillicothe, ohio and kermit, west virginia-- population 400. >> anyone in here know someone who's been caught in the grips of addiction? oh, my gosh. >> woodruff: she spoke with vote-- many whom supported mr. trump in 2016-- about the impacts of the opioid epidemic in their community, proposal to end the crisis.10 miles west in cincinnati another plan-- this one from julian castro. the proposal reshapes u.s. public education, calling for universal pre-k education,

college debt reform, pell grant expansion, and a $150 billion investment in public high school infrastructure. all this as the democratic field r eps growg. new york city mall de blasio said today he will make his decision to jump in the race this week. and montana governor steve bullock is widely expected to announce his presidential b tuesday. and that brings us to politics monday with amy walter of the "cook political report" and host of "politics with amy walter" on wnyc radio, and tamara keith from nprnd of the "npr politics podcast." ello to both of you, st politics monday. let's pick up wi elizabeth warren. tam, as we said, she's not in new hampshire, iowa, south

carolina, nt into west virginia, ohio, west virginia especially ruby red country. that smart? >> well, we're talking about it, aren't we? and it cetainly has helped her get on the radar more in the media in this sweekend. she went after that to columbus, ohio, which is a major med where market and a major city in e a stat will certainly matter in the general election in 2020. so there is strategy in going there. but also she has this reputation as being a candidate with the plans. and she has a plan for this and a plan for that. but she spent a lot of time in these speeches not talking about her pans but talking about her personal story. and you know, she is known as this harvard professor. she actually has this long personal back ory that starts where she falls in love and has kids early and has to drop outor of college andk her way back through. trying to relate to n audience of voters who maybe voted forid

prt obama and then voted for president trump. >> so is that a strategy that can work? >> i think it's also the strategy as tam pointed out this, i'm the candidate with a plan which is,jund it's not st a plan that kind of goes around the edges am i'm the candidatet that wbig structural major change, even this opioid plan that sheos is propg, this is a hundred billion dollars a plan that passed last year, overwhelmingly in congress signed by the president worth about $8 billion. so it is going to be bigger than anything es and it follows also another one of her long-standing messages which is i'm also going to take on the rigged system by taking on the people at the very top, the people who are taking advantage of the little person. in this case, she's arguing the pharmaceutical companies that targeted towns li kermit, the town that she was in with plls and millions of these opioid drugs, they should be held accountable. and the same way she talking about that for big banks and

other big institutions. >> you know, we hear so much in campaign, about the candidates aren't talking nowf about the issues but they are talking about the issues. >> absolutely. >> they absolutely are talking about the issues. now there a still ndidates where are you kind of waiting to see some of the plans. pete butt i gieg, you go to his website, there are not a laundry list of white papers bute says he is working on it other hendidates are--pectrum goes from elizabeth warren who has a lot of detailed plans to 't haveandidates who don as much detail just yet. >> woodruff: at this stage voters seem to want meat on the bones, don't they? >> they do. they say they do, right. but they arelso kind of just taking a sense of who these people are, where they comefr . remember, they don't know a lot about these people. they have seen joe bidenor many, many years. they've seen bernie sanders. but they really do not knw any of these other names. so these, the challenge for

these candidates is i've go to introduce myself and story and tell it over and over again as elizabeth warren would, that i have a story juset being bnd the woman with the plan or the woman that tn k oll street. so i want to you connect with me there but i also will tell youot who i will do, just who i am. >> woodruff: and along these eyes pete buttieg this weekend was speaking to an lb group, a human rights campaign in las vegas and talked about identity politics. what do you think he was trying to say. >> well, he, it seems like he was trying to say that republicans talked abou pt identiitics like it is a bad thing. that identity politics is separated people and he was narguing that you do't have to choose between helping people oi various iden. that actually people are, have multiple items, that you can be an autoworker and, you know, also be african-american or you

can be autoworker and gay, like you don't have to be just a thite working class voter in the upper middle wes is sort of the stereo typical idea that people have. and he alsos had a challenge right now in tha he is being stereotyped as being kind of one issue candi he's young, he's gay, and white male. and he getting a bre deal of support both financialluas well asst from voter support from the gay community. his argument tre was i can do all kinds of things. i know you look at me and you say he is a young white, gay guy, how could he speak for me as a woman or me as a person of color. his argument is i can do all of those things. so don't limit me, don't limit your choices on who you are going to pick, democratic voters, just by what i look like. i understand that where, yes, i have some privilege by being a white male but i also want youno tothat i care about your issues. that is the bridge he is trying to cross. because right now if you look at how he is doing in the pollfs, e

has itely moved up but really with one segment of the democratic eorate, white, affluence voters. not doing very well at l with voters of color. >> there is abl remarpoll out of south carolina that showed him doing relatively, you know, upper, lower, lower-upper tier in voters overall. zero percent among african-american voters. now this is just one poll but hv held at in south carolina and you look in the crowd and it was overwy lminite. and south carolina, democratic voters are overwhelming african-american. >> woodruff: a large percentage. i do want to comaround to the story we are ed looing with tonight, amy, that is president trump. i don't think you can call it anything but brinksmanship when comes to trade with china, tariff. the u.s. have imposed them, now the chinese imposed them. we are waiting to see what happens as we heard from greg ip earlier. politically how does this fit.

>> we keep trying to focus on does thisurt trump with his base specifically rural voters, base. weto voters, i have talked to many of these folks who are farmers or live in these areas with say they definitely felt the pinch of it. buthey are not abandoning the president. and the challenge, i think, for the president really is i don't e think you are going to a collapse amongst the president's base, that suddenly these taris mean that he will los all these voters who turned out for him. they will stick with imhad. the challenge has been beyond that. and where he is still alienting people, in the suburbs, these folks aren't really getting impacted day to day by what is happening to farmers but it reinforces this image that they dislike about the prident, that he started impulsive, that he is doing policies throughee and it is not really well thought out. >> how do you see that, flying politically >> we are 18 months away from the election. yod so it is a little early to knowknow, today's stock market numbers were terribl.

and alarming for people who were looking at their retirement accountsatoday. but ill it look like in 18 months? there are so many balls up in the air that he has right now with ford gn policy anit could turn out great for him. and he could be campai these things. or possibly not. and we just don't know. he d know though. he employs the power of positive thinkingd >> as we se markets will weigh up, a few weeks ago, a few days ago, now they ardown, and we will see. >> as the president likes to say, we will see what happens. >> and did he say that several times today. >> tamara keith, amy politics monday. thank you. >> you're welcome. >> you're lcome. >> woodruff: the brutal civil war in syria is now in its ninth year. hundreds of thousands are dead, millions more displaced or forced out of syria as refugees. through it all, bashar al assad .and his regime survi

amna nawaz now has a conversation about the extraordinary system olty fuat has made that possible. >> nawaz: the peaprotests that spread across syria as part of the 2011 "arabpring" quickly ran into the already- existing prison and torture system in syria. that was part of bashar al assad's cruel inheritance from his father, who'd ruled the country before him. that system would become an industrial-sized obscenity, uspulling in hundreds of tds of syrians, forced to suffer in ualor, and endure extrem torture. more than 120,000 have been murdered in these prisons by assad's regime. this was all chronicled in sunday's "new york times," the result of seven yeae of work by paper's former beirut bureau chief, anne barnard. she's now spending a year as the edward r. murrow fellow th council on foreign relations in new york, and she joins me here now. >> thank you so much. >> so this isn't the first time we've seen evidence of this kind

of torture and killing inside the a sad-- assad reg eem what was it about now that made you pull together seven years worth i reporting into this one? >> well, i thi's the fact that now the generalonsumer of news about syria might feel that the war is coming to end. and it certainly is coming to the end of one phase. and now countries are starting to think about normalizing with e government and there might be an impression that this system would ease up, maybe the government would be magazine nan mus in victory, wot feel the need to arrest so many people. but in fact it is stl continuing. it is doubling down on the system. and all iications are that there is no hope any time soon esr the people who are still missing in t prisons to surface or for the system to be reformed or changed. >> you share stories that are just shocking in their details,

in humanity. what did you hear in those hocounts from the people spoke to that lends credibility to the accou >> well, we spoke to dozens of people who had been through the system and had survived as well as to people whoss e relativee still missing. we were often able to intermuviw iple people who had spent time in the same facility and could establish patterns about what had been happening. so we were also able to matchco those ts with government memos that had been smugg ad out of syr are being archived byegal groups. and thetey are-- tr they build a picture of this jas system. >> what kind of things did they till. what was going inside these pries ons? >> well, i haven't spokeen to anyone what was in one of them who wasn't tortured. so there is a routine system ofr to some of it is, you know, several standa methods hanging from wrists, being put into stress positions inside tes or strapped to boards and being

beaten andtr elecuted and secretaries eulogily humiliatedded. but sometimes there were much more baroque torture meds more saidist am their torture. one we were told about a guard who would direc kind of plays for his fellow guards during dinner. they would make th prisoners act like different animals and if they didn't act the way he wanted them to, he would beat them. some of them had to act as tables or chairs for the peoplei wa. and they were naked while doing this. and other prisoners were nearby hanging from walls and having cold water doused on them in this outdoor courtyard so other prisoners could hear what was going on. so it was this whole scenario, almost like a play within and there were both men and women ld in the prisons, are they treated any differently. >> wl, both men and women were frequently had sexual assault or humiliate-- hum il yaition there was a double edged weapon soainst women which is that in

the conservativeety that many of these people came from, a woman who had been detainete would be assumed to have been raped and whether she was or wasn't, she could be subject to being shunned or even being killed in som cases because of a sense that she had lost the family's honor. it really wast one of the many methods that was used po tut shall used to put pressure on families and communities to raise the price of any kind of civil disobedience to the regime. >> you document some of the memos leaked out, that you got to see,e some of thficials who signed off on some of these methods and the deathsny is therey that bashar al-assad doesn't know this is going on? >> i don't think so. the memos that ordered mrackdowns and the memos fro intelligence chief who asked to be apprised of all deaths inside the prison, ese arpeople who report directly to assad through origally a group call the central crisis management spell that was formed toeal with the

uprising an later through the stional security bureau. so there auctures here that report to assad as the commander in chief. >> so what about accountability here, that is the next question. what country, what international body has leverage or authority to do anythingbout this? >> well, the reason that syria hasn't been referred to the international criminal courts is because it ignnot a atory to the treatee establishing that accord, and neit sr is the unittes, but the security council of the u.n. wo to make that referral and russia has vetoed all those attempts becausliit is ed with assad. so thateighs-- instead universal jursz diction is a strat-- injure is diction is a strayegy that law are using, meaning in some country are universal injures diction laws which allow them pros prosecute for war crimesagainst humanitarianity that don't take place on their soil. >> we mentioned 120,000 number, you reported that you believe that could be an undercount. and you spoke to people who had

escaped the prison. for the people you spoke to there are many more who are never heard from or never emerge. tell me about the stories from their family members. >> most people sucked into the everem, their families n hear anything of them. of the 128,000 people who have been counted as havin the system and not come out, fmore than 80,000 them are listed as forcibly disappeared which means that there has been no word of them watsoever. now those family members are in do not havuse they any news of these people and, you know, they may be dead but without death certificates, the family cannot proceed with inheritance, people can't remarry, children can't inherit. and there is just ne.o clos >> anne barnard, a stunning piece of work. thank you so much for being here today. >> thank you for bein interested. oo

>>uff: in the aftermath of the syrian conflict, millions of people fled their country, joining migrants and refugees fran across the middle east africa seeking better lives in europe a jeffrey brown reports on a new play putting a spotlightn their stories-- part of our ongoing series on arts and culte, "canvas." >> when does a place become a place? >> woodruff: it's a question at the heart of the new play, "the jungle." by november in the jungle i could walk from sudan to palestine and syria and bump into a pakistani country on oxford street near egypt. >> reporter: "the jungle" is also the nickname for the play's setting: an informal refugee camp in the port city of calais, france, where benning in 2015, thousands of refugees and migrants-- mostly from the mideast and africa-- began squatting while attempting to

the camp became one focal point for the global migration crisis then playing out, and mhe newshour'slcolm brabant was there. >> reporter: there's increasing frusation among migrants. they have established a squalid ccamp in the sand dunalled the jungle. >> reporter: around that same time, two young bri playwrights, joe murphy and joe robertson, traveled to "the jungle" to learn more. >you couldn't turn the television on without seeing these horrifying images of tens of thousands of people riving on the beaches of the greek islands or the infamous picture of the little boy aylan kurdi from qabbani in northern syria who washed up on the beach in greece. and we, lika lot of people, nt, what's going on? and it was from that need to try and find out, i suppose to bear witness, for want of a better phrase. >> i mean a lot of people-- everybody saw it and everybody probably said, "what's going on?" but i'm still wondering why you went as writers, as artists.

>> i think the key word there is artist and it's probably worth trying to interroga what that word means. i think an artist is an adventurer somebody who see to try to more deeply understand a situation and who's not necessarily willing to listen second hand or third hand often and wants to explore and really >> in all "the joes" spent seven months in calais, meeting refugees and raising enough money to buy and erect a second- hand geodesic dome that would become a theatre called "the good chance." a referen undetected across the english channel by train, truck or boat into great britain, where they coullud then claim am. the "goode chance" becam gathering place forto migrants share their stories through music, poetry, painting, theatre .nd dance in this awful setting it's not obvious that what's needed is a theater, right. but it somehow was obvious to you two.

>> the people who were in that situation have need for foo water, shelter, all those very basic things that we need to survive in. but the realization for us was that people to be peoplneed more than that. >> i think it's a little bit about all of our understanng of what art is. you know, i think you know we, we've comto think of it as a sort of very privileged kind of form of entertainment that is disposable. but actually it's got a vital role in somewhere like that. 's a vital role for people trying to understand and reflect on what's on what's happeng. >> a year and a half after leaving calais, they captured their experience in "the jungle," staging it first ind london's west d then in new york before bringing it to san francisco's curran theatre.

the play itself is a chaotic seri of scenes, each interrupted by another-- much like life in the jungle itself. it's immersive, with the audience seated among the actors in an afghani cafe, which the t curran wnsformed into in the weeks. >> this song. gave me and others passage. >> and it tells the story of people from many languag, relions and cultures who'd all fled their homes in search of eimething better. but for the time are stuck in between that previous life and an uncertain future. on stage 11 countries are repres ienteluding three cast members who were refugees in the real life "jungle." one is mohammed sarrar, from dan. >> no one could stay in the camp. no one wanted to stay in the camp. it's not a place to live actually. it's just like maybe a temporary station for us, if i can say.

>> nahel tzegai plays helene, a refugee from eritrea, where suhgai's own family is from. the play offered a way into her own understanding of her upbringing in great britain. >> one line there is that i say in the show which is i walk to eritre san, which the journey that my mum made. so now i feel like in this weird way that i'm able to connect to her more, t connemy country more, and y'seah llowed me to confront a grief and a guilt that i've always had for beingbe someone who han allowed to live in england and choose a life of myself to the point where i can chooseo be an driving the story is th arrival of idealistic british volunteers, who come to the jule to build homes, teach english and organize the community, trying to help but often falling short. rachel redford plays one of

them, named beth.>> you claimed asylum. >> i think volunteers are people who are just trying to understand and they go in with incredible intentions and sometimes they are faced with ationseally shocking si that they themselves don't know how to resolve. >> there are echoes of these well-intentioned volunteers-- good and bad-- in the joes themselves. >> in a sensi think it was our lack of understanding and our naivete that that took usn nto a situatat otherwise if we had known a little bit more about it perhaps we wouldn't have gone. there's an enormous sense of tryideng to tand what our duty is and whether we have the right to yes, write this, or the right get involved and i think that's what we've spoken about-- understasibilities are. and i hope the play isnd anin interrogation of that. >> in 2016, french authorities

demogllished the j yet today, hundreds of migrants and refugees continue to come, odhoping for their "gohance."" the jungle" is at the curran theatre through may 19. for the pbs newshouro i'm jeffrey in san francisco. >> woodruff: you could say that john urschel has made it to the top of his profession-- except he had two professions, and they appeared to have nhing to do with the other. urschel played football for penn state and was drafted by the imore ravens. he then began a ph.d. program at m.i.t. in mathematics where he has published several peer reviewed articles. urschel retired from football in 2017, and tonight shares his humble opinion on how what h learned on field now helps him in the classroom.

>> when i was a kid growing up in buffalo, i spent a lot of timie alone. t wasn't easy for me to make friends. i was kind of awkward, bigger than everyone, and on the playground i didn't know how to talk to the other kids. i was happiest by myself, doing ma puzzles or playing video games. then, when i got to middle school, soccer teams.se and i wanted to play football, but we couldn't find a helmethat fit i didn't do it because i was some great athletic talent-- in fact i wasn't. i was overweight and out of shape. bpeut i was seriously ctive and i loved playing games. i loved the adrenaline of competnnion. i loved g, and even more than that, i hated the pain of losing. that had been true whenil was a playing monopoly with my mother, but it became especially clear once i started playing sports. what i hadn't expected, though, was how much i loved being part of a team and how much i learned from it, especially once i joined the football team in high school. i had to learn how to communicate better.

i had to learn when to take the lead on the field and in the locker room, and when to step ba and give my support. i had to learn how to accept incrstruction anicism from coaches-- and there was a lot of it. i had to worhard, because if i didn't, i wouldn't just be letting myself down, but my teaat down as well. don't get me wrong. i didn't always like the guys i was playing with. that didn't matter. we were in it together. i am convinced that every kidul benefit from being part of a team. player, but because of what it did for me as a mathematician. it might seem like being a mathematician is a solitary pursuit it's true, i spend a lot of time in a room by myself. but i also speot of time working with other mathematicians-- in other words, being on a team.

adll the skills i develo it took dill ainst and learning to deal with feedback. people send years in classrooms trying to gain the skills that will help them succeed, but some of the mortst impont skills, i believe, are best learned on a f:eld. >> woodrinally tonight, remembering an icon of classic hollywood. doris day died today at her home in carmel valley, calornia. she was one of the most bankable box office stars of her generation. john yang has more on her life and legacy. ♪ ♪ >> gonna take a sentimental journey, gonna set my heart at

>> yang: doris day performing her first number-one hit in 1971, a quarter century after its release. ♪ ♪ sentimental journey the record came out in 1945, during the final months of world war ii. e a defining ballad for g.i.s eager to get back home-- and sent day on her journey to stardom. it did not take long for day's clsharm and expressive voo make it to the big screen. and help establish her as one of hollywood's most popular leading ladies. from 1948 throug1968, she starred in nearly 40 films. her first: 1948's "roma the high seas." >> it's you or no one for me, doo doo da doo doo doo, baby, >> yang: "calamity jane" came in 1953. she came to resent her "girl next door" image, ase told johnn carson. >> the image has been so boring,

the virgin, and the goody two- shoes and all the nonsense, which ism you know, it's not human. >> yang: but it was "good girl" romantic comedies like "pillow talk," alongside leading man rock hudson, that brought her a record-tying four first- place finishes in annual popularity polls of theater owners. >> officer, arrest this man, he's trying to take me up to his apartment. >> can't say as i blame him, miss. >> yang: she also appeared in melodramas, including alfred hitchock's "the man who knew too much," in which she introduced the winner of the 1956 oscar for best song. >> que sera sera, whatever will be, will be.>> her personal life was often a stark contrast to her film roles. she dealt with a saries of failedages and financial troubles. she began retreating from public life and hlywood, but she dicated herself publicly to animal activism through her foundation. >> i'm her shelters are unbelievably overcrowded and we can and must something about it.

>> yang: doris day was 97-years- old. for the pbs newshour, i'm john yang. >> woodruff: and that's thon newshour forht. i'm judy woodruff. join us on-line and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and see you soon. t >> major funding f pbs newshour has been provided by: > > home advisor. >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. >> bnsf railway. >> financial services firm raymond james.

by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, technology, and improved economic performance anrafinancial li in the 21st century. >> supported by the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation. committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful world. more information at macfound.org >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

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hello, everyone. welcome to amanpour & company. upcong elections in australia could reshape the political narrative. i talk toea ang voice there about how xenophobia and intolerance are on the back foot after anwe australian mod down in new in two mosques zealand. what the constitution means to me. heidi schreck on her hit. plus, guantanamo's darkest secrets. a journalist speaks to us about the infamous detention center.