captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on thenewshour" tonight, trade tensions rise and markets stumble as china imposes retaliatory tariffs on $60 billion worth of u.sgoods. then our politics monday team breaks down the latest news from the campaign trail and how voters are feeli about trade, the opioid crisis and more. plus, inside "the jungle," an immersive theater experience that recreates the environment of a crowded refugee camp in flirance, told by people whd there. all that and more on tonight's "pbs newshour." >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by:

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advaing ideas and supporting institutions to promote a better worald. t www.hewlett.org. >> and with the ongoing support of esinstitutions: and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs statieron from vilike you. thank you. >> woodruff: financial markets tanked today in reaction to the escalating u.s. trade war with china. beijing fired the latest barrage: new tariffs on u.s. goods to retaliate for u.s. tariffs on iorts from china. the dow jones industrial average lost 617 points to close justbe

ow 25,325. the nasdaq fell nearly 270 points-- more than 3%. and the s&p 500 gave up 69. we will look at china's action and what could happen next after the news summary. president trump has issued a new warning to iran, amid claims of ongil tankers babotaged in the persian gulf. the president was asked today about three ships that were damaged in the gulf, and about suspicions that iran was behind it. mr. trump offered no details about the incidents, but he put tehran on notice. >> we'll see what happens with iran. if they do anything it would be a very bad mistake if they do anything. i'm hearing little stories about iran. if they do anything they will suffer greatly. >> woodruff: meanwhile, the u.s. embassy in iraq warned americans again not to travel to iraq, after unspecified threats from iran. american b-52 bombers and an

e rcraft carrier group have deployed to rsian gulf in recent days. seetary of state mike pompeo stopped in brussels today to discuss iran. he met with european officials to talk about u.s. sanctions. pompeo said the u.s. does not want w, it wants iran's leaders to change their behavior. pro re-opened a rape case against wikileaks founder julian assange.th y will now seek extradition from besritain-- after he fini serving 50 weeks in prison for jumping bail. in stockholm today, his former lawyer said assange is still focused on u.s. charges of hacking pentagon computers. >> i do think that he is very disappointed because this wl ke energy from the real case, that he did, as a journalist, reveal what the united states really did in iraq and afghanistan and due to that they want him extradited and put into prison. >> woodruff: u.s. officials also

want to extradite assange. british authorities will decide which case gets priority. back in this country, parts of the south began cleaning up after severe storms ripped th region over the weekend. communities in southern mississippi were still under water today, after downpours triggered flooding and shut down a highway. the governor declared an emergency on sunday. a police disciplinary hearing began in new york city today in the chokehold death of eric garner. his death in 2014, and his cries of "i t caeathe" helped fuel the "black lives matter" movement. sewhite police officer, daniel pantaleo, is acof using the banned chokehold. he could be fired if it is found that he violated deptment policy. actress felicity htyfman pled guoday to paying $15,000 to rig her daughter's s.a.t. score. she appeared in federal court in boston.

prosecutors are recommending huffman be sentenced to between ur and ten months in prison. the state of washington is now the first to enter the private nsurance market with public option plans. the public plans will be availae for all state residents by 2021, regardless of income. they wildal cover st health care services and cap rates paid to providers which is expected to result in 10% savings. and former president jimmy carter is hospitalized tonight, after he broke a hip and had surgery. the carter center says he fell at his home in plains, georgia, as tohe was about to leavo turkey hunting. it says he is now resting bly.orta mr. carter is 94-years-old-- the oldest living president. still to come on the "newshour," trade taensions rise as ch imposes retaliatory tariffs on u.s. goods, a visit to the oval office from hungary's far-right leader sparks coliroversy, our cs monday team breaks down

the latest on the race for 2020, and much more >> woodruff: the tradear between the world's two biggest economies escalated today, and s. stocks-- headed to new records just weeks ago-- posted their worst losses in a quarter of a year. the markets were bracing for a sharp drop tanay when china unced it would raise tariffs on $60 billionorth of u.s. mports. neither side prepared to offer new concessions publicly. president trump raised tariffs on friday and repeated his threat today to raise tariffs on another $325 billion worth of chinese goods. he said he remained confident the u.s. economy could handledi any hit, inc some farmers who are feeling the pain.

>> i love the position we're in. there can be some retaliation but it can't be very, very substantial by comparison. and out of the billions of dollars that we're taking in a small portion of that will be goinusg to our farmers, be china will be retaliating to a certain extent against our farmers. boasted about a additional tariff revenue coming into t country, he overstated how much money the government with take in. and has denied american consumers will feel much of the hit. this is in direct contradiction to what many economists and experts say has already started happening and will increase later thiyear and next. those companies upset over the tariffs impoon chinese goods and how it affects their product line, he said ths another sol use. >> if they don't want to pay tariffs, mak here or buy it

from another country that is a non-tariffed country. so whether you go to vietnam or so many others, you can do that. >> woodruff: but many companiesay it would be very difficult for them to do that with prices that would keep them competitive. so let's pick up on these questions now and more with greg i, he's been-- i following this with the "the wall street journal," so greg, i think it's gotten sir yeses now, the u.s. imposed tariffs under president trump, the chine have now retaliatedded. companies in this country are going to feel some of the pain despite what the president is saying, aren't they sth.el >> absolutely. i think up until now there has been a wide spread assumption among most companies and investors that there would be a lot of friction but the two itdes would eventually work out. i think the breakdown in trucks the last week has been troubling to suggest th what the u.s. wants has bumped against red lines the chinese have about not giving up their sovereignty. so a lot of companies have to

prepare themselves that these tariffs will be permanent. we have haep anecdotalts that companies like gopromoving camera production to mexico. steve madden moving shoe production to cam bodia. the reports that the companyh that makese iphone for apple will make it in india. will you sany more reports as companies prepare for the contingencies. >> woodruff: when the president says many companies will move their business, you are saying that is already beginning to happen. >> that is aeady beginning to happen. and there will be costs to americans because keep in mind thereason they are being m in china now is it st the most efficient, cost effecve way to o do so. these other solutions will more expensive. >> woodruff: greg, to what extent are we looking at a breakthrough in u.-- u.s.-chinese relations, these are two countries, largest economies in the world. we have had this enormous trading relationship going on. what does thalis actu represent. >> i think had we could be looking at here, this all

oudepebds of course on thome of the talks is a potential rupture in what is the largt and most important economic relationship in the world today. we have seen these fictio building up, not just under trump but actualliptisan by democrats and republicans, that china since joining its wrld trade organization in 2001 cannot playing by the rules and cannot be treated like other countries. we have seen multiple moves on secuty and law enforcement o try and push china out of the u.s. economy, banning her companies were doing business in china, telling american companies they can't sell technology to certain chinese companies for fear of losing intellectual property and so for. we could be looking at a multiarea process of these two economies becoming disengf:ed. >> woodro what does that mean in terms of the overall economic picture? we saw the markets' reaction today, the dow, the nas dak, across-- naz, across-the-board there was a negative reacon. >> a lot of it is because we

just done know t is uncta, when people are uncertain they e sengage, they sell. sitive scen ar yorks this is posturing. the tariffs do not take effect until june 1st, that gives a few more weeks to discuss, iis possible that they manage to basically compartmentalize some ofhe security issues and everything else continues as continues as it was before. if will is a complete breakdown we arek willing at higher tariffs and tradae biers and friction and the rest of the world having to choose sides between whether they want to do business with china or the united states. >>soodruff: but it sounds you are saying st still very much a guessing game. >> it really is. both sides have strong incentives to reach a deal. president trump wants a strong economy, he wants a strong stock market, all of that is essential to his reelection. american companies want to contue to do business in china. china wants to maintain its reputation as a ong and reliable source. but it may be, this is what we find out, that the two sides, that they just cannot reconcile what they want from each other.

>> woodruff: what can we learn greg ip from what happened am the past when there have been trade battles between the united states and other countries? >> we don't have a good tell plate for this. the two best examples you look at would be theru.s.s the soviet union. when we were strategic adversaries. so essentially the world divided into these sealed spheresyoif did business with the united states, you probably didn't do business with the soviet union. that is not like china it is and rsary today but it is heavily integrated. we had trade frictions with japan but our hictions w japan never entered the llrategic sphere because japan was an. i think one of the reason this is so complicated is china is both thisnormous economic partner but this very for middable geo strategic advo sear. >> woodruff: so in terms of what happens nt, the markets are watching, the companies that devend-- depend on doing business with china watching closwhy. >> i think you need to watch is the signals, the bodyom languageg out of coming

meetings. will the americans fix on a date to go back to china-- china. what happens as the june 1st deadline approaches. ou woodruff: greg ip of the "the wall streetal," thank you very much. >> thanks for having me. >> woodruff: president trump welcomed another controversial leader to the white house today: he is prime minister viktor orban of hungary. orban has roiled europe withis populism, his restrictions on immigration, and antidemocratic mos to consolidate power i hungary. william brangham has the story. >> brangham: it was victor orban's first visit to the white house in 20 years, and he found a like-minded leader in president trump. >> probably like me a little bit controversial, but that's okay, that's okay! you've done a good job. and you've kept your country safe. >> i would like to express that we are proud to stand together with the untied states fighting against illegal migration, on

terrorism, and to protect and help the christian communities all around the world. >> brangham: in the 1990's, when he visited president clinton, orban was seen by many as a deic reformer, helping steer his country out of the soviet-era. he returned to power in 2010-- but this time, as a right-wing populist anisd nation >> ( translated ): european culture based on christian vonues must be given primac the european continent. europe's borders must be protected against the invasion of migrants. >> brangham: where president trump has called for a wall at the u.s.exico border, orban actually closed hungary's southern border with barbed wire after main syrian refugees surged almost 45 in 2015. >> ( translated ): the bigge danger of all is the immigrants in their millions who are threatening us from the south. that's the truth. we built the fence, we defended the southern border. >> bngham: while lines

lengthened at the border, and pleas for help grew, grants of asylum in hungary dropped drastically. many of the refugees already in hungary, were deported to serbia. >> they told us that "you need to dileave hungary imely, right now or we will deport you back to afghanistan." the hungarian police officers are really bad. they treat us like we're not humans, like animals. >> brangham: last year, janos zar-- then a top official in orban's cabinet-- made this video in vienna, austria, about the growing muslim community th ere: >>translated ): the white christian austrians moved out and the immigrants took control of thineighborhood. if hungarians let them in and let them live in our cities, there erwill be a hirime rate, impoverishment, filth. >> brangham: then came an anti- immigration campaign targeting europeancommission president jean-claude juncker, as well as hungarian billionaire orge soros. orban's increased crackdown on the hungarian media has also eated strain with the e.

the "committee to pros"ct journalist warns that orban has "crippled the independent press" and is a "threat to the e.u. as an institution." but there was no such criticism the oval office today president trump pressed to loosen hungary's reliancon russia and china, and build closer ties with the u.s. for more on what this newfound alliance means for hungary and for europe we turnhao charles kun. he was the senior director for european affairs on the national security council staff during the obama white house. he is now a senior fellow at the council on foreign relations, and a professor at georgetown university. welcome back to the newshour. th youd to be >> for people who have not been following vik viktor orban's career or where he sits in the orbit of european politicsk tell us por about him. >> well, as your piece said, he starts off as a disheveled

liberal post comom nis progressive. he has one bite of the apple as prime minister from '98 to 2002 and then he comes back in 2010 and he has been there ever since. and he essentially tracked from ft to the right to the further right over the course of his political career. and in many respects, is a person that is ahead of his time in the sense that he became anti-immigrant, anti-europe, closed down the borders, take over the media, compromise the independence of the judiciary well before it became mainstream. you now see it happening in poland, in italy, the far right is gaining ground irmn y. it's a widespread phenomenon. he was in many respects the person who blazed that path. n former trump senior advisor steve bannce referred to vik tor orban as trump before trump, is that an accurate characterization of him? >> there is no question that

there is ideaologicalit aff between trump and orban. there is, i think, an effort to create what you might call an illiberal alliance in which trump sides with orban, the head of albany, head of the heeg am italy, catchinsky of law and justice in poland, alternative for germany, the national rally in france. they are trieso create a molitical movement that pushes atic politics to the right and in the anti-immigrant direction. i don't think it is any accident that this meeting today occurred less than two weeks before votes for the european parliament. it is a bell weather election, no question that r right, the anti-eu, the anti-iigrant forces will grain ground. the question is how much ground will they g, aw much influence will they wield in the new parliament. w >> given that impact does

viktor orban sitting there and getting this warm embrace from president donald trump actually mean for orban tn eu. >> no question that it is a big bump for orban. he made it into the oval office. trump to some extent is letting him out of the penay box because he has been shunned for a long time. in fact the eu has been g forward with what is called article 7, explicit legal sanctions against hungary for its anti-democratic behavior. so this is basically letting him back in at theeat with the big boys. second thing is i think this will help populists across europe because they will look at or gahn ksh-- orban and say hey, this guy has momentum, let's go to the polls. one thing i would say as a cav yet is a lot of eopeans aren't going to like this meeting. some of them may go to the polls later this month and vote for centrist parties precisely because they don't le trump, they don't like the fact that he is interfering in wreur mean

politics. y it is difficult to say exacw this will play. >> what about the argument that is made that as i toucd on very briefly that orban and hungary is turning to be a little closer to china an a little closer to russia. and so that there is value in president trump trying to hold him a little closer to the democratic west. >> well, i think the main impact s meeting is a symbolic one that we have been talking adoutment but there will be a ional component to this, one of it has to do with china-- china. the chinese are building belton road, they are investi in hungary. hungary is considering bringing in the large tell come company to build ig.ts the u.s. doesn't like that because of security concerns. orban has been very close to putin. he has invited putin to budapest on several occasions. trump probably is oka with that because he also likes putin. but i think in many respects the

trump administration may see it sing a little bit too far. he, for example, hod in the way of nato cooperation with trump administration has been supporting ukraine. there were also, i think, be as part of the agenda a discussion of energy in the region, the central european ener corridor. and i-- trump has also wanted to se arms hungary, get rid of their soviet arsenal so i am guessing that earlier today he pushed him on that front as well. >> charles kupchan, thank you as always >> my pleasue >> woodruff: we turn to politics now, with the 2020 candidates making their case to voters in early states-- and in me cases, beyond. >> reporter: in hampton, new hampshire, tay, joe biden laid out what he calls his vision to hestore decency and dignity in america, somethinays is missing under the leadership of president trump.

>> we're embracing dictators, the president is embracing oligarchs. we've been poking our fingers in the eyeballs of our as well. so it's our example that we have stood for in the past that has allowed the world to unite in-- the greateiterally, not figuratively-- the greatest alliances in human history. >> woodruff: the former vice president wasn't the only preshiidential hopefult the trail in early voting states. new jersey senator cory booker delivered a commencement speech saturday at southern new hampshire university. >> this is a day thousands of pele have helped to make. >> woodruff: at a davenport, iowa, restaurant, former colorado governor john hickenoper called for democratic unity. and in front of hundreds in las vegas nevada, south bend mayor ante buttigieg told the hum rights campaign's annual gala t ahat he's concernut artificial divisions being created between groups of voters. >> what i worry about are the pvery real walls bei up

between us as we get divided and carved up. what every gay person has in common, every excluded pendon of any is knowing what it's like to see a wall between you and the rest owothe world and er what it's like on the other side >> woodruff: mnwhile, massachusetts senator elizabeth warren veered off the early state trail and into rural, red towns like chillicothe, ohio and kermit, west virginia-- population 400. >> anyone in here know someone who's been cght in the grips addiction? oh, my gosh. >> woodruff: she spoke with voters-- many whom supported mr. trump in 2016-- about the impacts of the opioid epidemic in their community, and her proposal to end the crisis. 100 miles west in cincinnati another plan-- this one from julian castro. the proposal reshapes u.s. public education, calling for universal pre-k education,

college debt reform, pell grant expansion, and a $150 billion investment in public high school infrastructure. all this as the democratic field keeps growing. new york city mayor bill de blasio said today he will make his decision to jump in the race this week. and montana governor steve bullock is widely expected t announce his presidential bid tuesday. and that bngs us to politics monday with amy walter of the "cook political repo" and host of "politics with amy walter" on wnyc rad, and tamara keith from npr and of the pr politics podcast." hello to both of you, st politics monday. let's pick up with elizabeth warren. tam, as we said, she's not in new hampshire, iowa, south

carolina, she went into west rginia, ohio, west virginia especially ruby red country. is that smart? >> well, we're talng about it, aren't we? and it certainly has helped her get on the radar more in the media in this past weekend. she nt after that to columbus, ohio, which is a major med where et and a major city in a state that will certainly matter in the general election in 2020. so there is strategy in going there. but also she has this reputation as being a can with the plans. and she has a plan for this and a pl for that. but she spent a lot of time in these speeches not talking about her plans but talking about hern pe story. and you know, she is known as this harvard professor.sh actually has this long personal back story that starts where she falls in love and has kids early and has to drop out of college and work her way back through. trying to relate to an audience of voters ho maybe voted for

president obama and then voted for president trump. >> so is that a strtegy that n work? >> i think it's also the ndrategy as tam pointed out this, i'm the ate with a plan which is, and it's not just a plan that kind of goe the edges am i'm the candidate that wants big structural major change, even this opioid plan that she is proposing, this is a hundllion dollars a plan that passed last year, ovwhelmingly in congress signed by the president worth about $8 billion. so it is going to be bigger than anythi es and ifollows also another one of her long-standing messages which is i'm also going to take on the rigged system by taking on the people at the very top, the people who are taking advantage of the little person. in this case, she's arguing the pharmaceutical companies that targeted towns like kermit, the town that she was in with plls and millions of thse opioid drugs, they should be held accountable. and the same way sheabalking t that for big banks and

other big institutions. gn you know, we hear so much in camp tam, about the candidates aren't talking nowf about the issues but they are talking about the issues. >> absolutely. >> they absolutely are talking about the issues. now there are still candidates where are you kind of waiting to see some of the plans. pete butt i gieg, you go to his, webshere are not a laundry list of white papers but he says he is working on it oer candidates are-- the spectrum goes from elizabeth warren who has a lot of detailed planto other candidates who don't have l just yet.ai >> woodruff: at this stage voters seem to want meat on the bones, don't they? >> they do. they say they do, right. but they are also kind of just taking a sense of who these people are, where they come om. remember, they don't know a lot about these people. they have seen joe biden for many, many years. they've seen bere sanders. but they really do not know any of these othernames. so these, the challenge for

these candidates is ie got to introduce myself and story and tell it over and over again as elizabeth warren would, that i have a story just being beyond the woman with the plan or the woman that took on wall street. so i want to you connect with me theri also will tell you who i will do, not just who i am. >> woodruff: and along these eyes pete buttigieg this weekend was speaking to an lbgt group, a human rights campaign inas vegas and talked about identity politics. what do you think he was tryin to say. >> well, he, it seems like he was trying to say that republicans talked about identity politics like it is a bad thithng. identity politics is separated people and he was arguing that you don't have to choose between helping people of various identities. that actuall people are, have multiple items, that you can be an autoworker and, you know, also be african-american or you

likee autoworker and gay, you don't have to be just a esite working class voter in the upper middlethat is sort of the stereo typical idea that people he. and alsos had a challenge right now in that he is beingty sterd as being kind of one issue candidate. he's young, he's gay, and white male. anhe's getting a breat deal of support both financaslly as well ust from voter support from the gay community. his argume there was i can do all kinds of things. i know you look at me and you say he is a young white, gay guy, how could he speak fore as a woman or me as a person of color. his argument is i can do all of those things. so don't limit me, don't limit your choices on who you are going to pick, democratic voters, just by what i look like. i understand that where, i ye have some privilege by being a white male but i also want youto now that i care about your issues. that is the bridge he is trying to cross. because right w if you look at how he is doing in the polls, he

gms definitely moved up but really with one nt of the democratic electorate, white, affluence voters. not doing very well at all with voters of color. >> there is aar remble poll out of south carolina that showed him doing relatively, you rsow, upper, lower, lower-upper tier in vo overall. zero percent among african-american now this is just one poll but he held an event in south carolina wdand you look in the crond it was overwhelmingly white. and south carolina, democratic voters areng overwhel african-american. percentage.: a large i do want to come around to the story we are ed looing with tonight, amy, that is president trump. i don't think you can call it anything but brinksmanship when it comes to trade with china, tariff. the u.s. have imposed them, now the chinese imposed them. fr are waiting to see what happens as we hearm greg ip earlier. politically how does this fit.

>> we keep trying to focus on does ts hurt trump with his wese specifically rural voters, base. alk to voters, i have talked to many of these folks who are farmers or live in these areas with say they definitely felt the pinch of it. tbut they are no abandoning the president. lld the challenge, i think, for the president reais i don't think you are going to see a collapse amongst the president's base, that suddenly these osriffs mean that he will all these voters who turned out for him. they will stick with imd. the challenge has been beyond that. and where he is stillen ating people, in the suburbs, these folks aren't really getting impacted day to day by what is happening to farmers but it reinforces this image hat they dislike about the president, that he started impulsive, th he is doi policies through tweets and it is not really well thought out. >> how do you see that, flyingly politic >> we are 18 months away from the election. and so it is a little early toow you know, today's stock market numbers werebl ter.

and alarming for people who were looking at their retirement accot ts today. at will it look like in 18 months? there are so many balls up iat the air he has right now with foreign policy and it could turn out great for h. and he could be campaigning on these things. or possibly not. dd we just don't know. sn't know though. he employs the power of positive thin sng. >> as d the markets will weigh up, a few weeks ago, a few days ago, now they are down, and we will see. >> as the president likes to say, we will see what happens. >> and did he say that several times today. >> tamara keith, amy politics monday. thank you. >> you're welcome. >> you're welcome. >> woodruff: the brutal civil war in syria is now in its ninth hundreds of thousands are dead, millions more displaced or forced out of syria as refugees. rough it all, bashar al assad and his regime survive.

amnacoawaz now has a ersation about the extraordinary system of cruelty that has made that possible.ea >> nawaz: theful protests that spread across syria as part of the 2011 "ab spring" quickly ran into the already- existing prison and torture system in syria. that was part of bashar al assad's cruel inheritance from his father, who'd ruled the country before him. that system would beco an industrial-sized obscenity, pulling in hundreds of thousands of syrians, forced to suffer in squalor, and endure extreme torture. more than 120,000 have been murdered in these prisons by assad's regime. this was all chronicled in sunday's "new york times," thesu lt of seven years of work by the paper's former beirut bureau chief, anne barnard. she's now spending a year as the edward r. murrow fellow at the council on foreign relations in new york, and she joins me here now. >> thank you so much. >> so this isn't the first time

we've seen evidence of this kind of torture and killing inside the a-- s assad reg eem what was it about now that made you pull together seven years worth of reporting into this one? >> well, i think it's the fact that now the general consumer of news about syria might feel at the war is coming to an end. and it certainly is coming to the end of one phase. and now countries are starting to think about normalizing with the government and there might be an impression that this system would ease up, maybe the government would be magazine nan mus in victory, would not feel the need to aest so many people. but in fact it is still continuing. is doubling down on t system. and all indications are that there is no hope any time s for the people who are still tssing in these prisons to surface or fhe system to be reformed or changed. at>> you share stories tre just shocking in their details,

in humanatity. id you hear in those accounts from the people who spoke to that lends credibility to the account? >> well, we spoke to dozens of people who had b through the system and had survived as well as to people whose relatives are still missing. we were often able to interview multiple people who had spent time in the same facility could establish patterns about what had been happening. so we were also able to match those accounts with goverent memos that had been smuggled out of syria and are being archived by legal groups. and they are-- together they build a picture of this jas system. >> what kind of things did they till. what was going on inside these pries ons? >> well, i haven'ten to anyone what was in one of them who wasn't tortured. so there is a routine system of torture. some of it is, you know, several standard methods hanging from wrists, bei put into stress rasitions inside tires or

ed to boards and being beaten and electrocuted and secretaries eulogily humiliatedded. but somemes there were much more baroque torture meds more saidist am their tortue re. we were told about a guard who would direct kind of plays for his fw guards during dinner. they would make the prisoners act like difft enimals and if they didn't act the way he wanted them to, he would beat them. some of them had to act as tables or chairs for the people watching. and they were naked while doing this and other prisoners were nearby hanging from walls and havig cold water doused on them in this outdoor courtyard so other prisoners coar what was going on. so it was this whole scenario, almost like a play within and there were both men and women held in the prisons, are they treated any differently. >> well, both men and women were frequely had sexual assa or humiliate-- hum il yaition there was a double edged we against women which is that in

the conservative society that many of these people came from, a woman who had been detained would often be assumed to have been raped and whether she was or wasn't, she could be subject to being shunned r even being killed in some cases because of a sense tho she had l the family's honor. it really was just one of the many methods that was used poto tut shall useput pressure on families and communities to raise the price of any kind of civil disobedience to the regime. >> you documenmosome of the leaked out, that you got to see, some of the officials who signed off on some of these methods and the deaths. is there anyway that bashar al-assad doesn't know this is going on? >> i don't think so. the memos that ordered crackdowns and the memos from intelligence chief who asked to be apprised of all deaths inside the prison, these are people who report directly assad through originally a group called the central m crisagement spell that was formed to deal with the

uprising an later through the national security bureau. so there are structures here that report to assatd ahe commander in chief. >> so what about accountability here, that is the next question. tion country, what interna body has leverage or authority to do anything about this? >> well, the reason that syria hasn't beereferred to the international criminal courts is because it is not a signatory to the ttaatee ishing that accord, and neither is the united states, bcuut the rity council of the u.n. would have to make that referral and russia has vetoed all those attempts because it is allied with assad. so that weighs-- instead universal jursz diction is a strat-- injure is diction is a strategy that lawyers are using, meaning in some country are universal injures diction laws which allow them pros prosecute for war crimes against humanitarianity that don't e tae pl their soil. >> we mentioned 120,000 number, you reported that you believe that could be an undercount. and you spoke to people who had

escaped the prison. for the peopleo yu spoke to there are many more who are never heard from or never emerge. tell me about the stories from their family members.>> ost people sucked into the system, their families never hear anything of them. of the 128,000 people who have been counted as having gone into the system and not come out, more than 80,000 of them are listed as forcibly disappeared which means that there has bee n d of them whatsoever. now those family memrs are i limbo because they do not have any news of these people and, you know, they may be dead buwit out death certificates, the family cannot proceed with inheritance, people can't remarry, children can't inherit. and there is just no closure. >> anne barnard, a stunning piece of work.so thank youch for being here today. >> thank you for being interested. w

druff: in the aftermath of the syrian conflict, millions of people fled their country, joining migrants and refugees from across the middle east and africa seeking better lives in nd the united states. jeffrey brown reports on a new play putting a spotlig on their stories-- part of our ongoing series on arts and culture, "canvas." >> when does a place become a place? >> woodruff: it's a question at the heart of the new play, "the jungle." >> by november in the jungle i could walk from sudan to palestine and syria and bump into a pakistani country on oxford street near egypt. >> reporter: "the jungle" is also the nickname for the play's setting: an informal refugee camp in the port city of calais, france, wherbeginning in 2015, thousands of refugees and migrants-- mostly from the mideast and africa-- began squatting while attempting to

enter great britain. the camp became one focal point for the global migration crisis then playing out,'snd the newsho malcolm brabant was there >> reporter: there's increasing frustration among migrants. they have established a squalid escamp in the sa called the jungle. >> reporter: around that same time, two young british playwrig robertson, traveled to "the jungle" to learn more. >> you couldn't turn the television on without seeing these horrifying images of tens of thousands of peoe arriving onhe beaches of the greek islands or the infamous picture of the little boy aylan kurdi from qabbani in northern syria who washed up on the beach in greece. and we, went, what's going on? and it was from that need to try and find out, i suppose to bear witness, for want of a better phrase. >> iean a lot of people-- everybody saw it and everybody probably said, "what's going on?" but i'm still wo went as writers, as artists.

>> i think the key word there is artist and it's probably worth trying to interrogate what that word means. i think an artist is an adventurer somebody who seeks to try to more deeply understand a situation and who's not necessarily willing to listen second hand or third hand often and wants to explore and really >> in all "the joes" spent seven months in la, meeting refugees and raising enough money to buy and erect a second- hand geodesic dome that would become a theatre called "the good chance." ence to those who made i undetected across the english channel by train, truck or boat into great britain, where they coul ad then clasylum. the "goodec chance"e a gathering place fors migra share their stories through music, poetry, painting, theatre and dance. in this awful setting it's not obvious that what's needed is a theater, rht. but it somehow was obvious to you two.

>> the people wsi were in that ation have need for food, water, shelter, all those very basic things that we need to survive in. but the realization r us was thatpeople to be people need more than that. >> i think it's aittle bit about all of our understanding of what artths. you know, ink you know we, we've come to think of it as a sort of very privileged kind of form of entertainment that disposable. but actually it's got a vital role in somewhere like that. it's a vital role for people trying to understand and reflect on what's on what's haening. > a year and a half after leaving calais, thcaptured their experience in "the jungle," staging it first in london's wd and then in new york before bringing it to san francisco's curran theatre.

the play itself is a chaotic ries of scenes, each interrupted by another-- much like f.life in the jungle its it's immersive, with the audience seated among the actors in an afghani cafe, which the w curran transformed into in three weeks. >> this song. gave me and others passage. >> and it tells the story of people from many languages, religions and cultures who'd all fledeir homes in search of something better. but for the time being are stuck in between that previous life and an uncertain future. on stage 11 countries are represented, including three cast members who were refugeeshe ineal life "jungle." one is mohammed sarrar, from sudan. could stay in the camp. no one wanted to stay in the camp. it's not a place to live actually. it's just like maybe a temporary station for us, if i can say.

>> nahel tzegai plays helene, a ee from eritrea, where suhgai's own family is from. the play offered a way into her own understanding of her upbringing in great britain. >> one line there is that i say in the show which is i walk to errea sudan, which the journey that my mum made. so now i feel like in this weird way that i'm able to connect to her more, connect to my country more, and yeah it's allowed me to confront a grief and a guilt that i've always had for beingha someone whbeen allowed to live in england and choose a life of myself to the point where i can choo to be an >> driving the story i arrival of idealistic british volunteers, who come to the jungle to build homes, teach english and organize the community, trying to help but often falling short. rachel redford plays one of

them, named beth. >> you claimed asylum. >> i think volunteers are people who are just trying to understand and they go in wit incredible intentions and sometimes they are faced with many really shocking tuations that they themselves don't know how to resolve. >> there well-intentioned volunteers-- good and bad-- in the joes themselves. >> in a se lack of understanding and our naivete that that took io into a situthat otherwise if we had known a little bit more about it perhaps we wouldn't have gone. there's an enormous sense of tryio ngderstand what our duty is and whether we have the right to yes, write this, or the ht to help or the right get involved and i think that's what we've spoken about-- understanding what our responlisies are. and i hope the play is an interrogation of that. >> in 2016, fncauthorities

demolished the jungle. yet today, hundreds of migrants and refugees continue to come, hoping for their "od chance."" ure jungle" is at then theatre through may 19. for the pbs neweyour, i'm jefrown in san francisco. >> woodruff:ou could say that john urschel has made it to the top of his profession-- except he had two professions, and they appeared to ha nothing to do with the other. urschel played football for penn state and was drafted by the baltimore ravens. he then began a ph.d. program at m.i.t. in mathematics where he has published several er- reviewed articles. urschel retired from football in 2017, and tonight shares his humble opinion on how wh he learned on field now helps him in the classroom.

>> when i was a kid growing up ina buffalo, i spent of time alone. it wasn't easy for me to make frienwads. kind of awkward, bigger than everyone, and on the playground i didn't know how to talk to the other kids. i was happiest by myself, doing math puzzles or playing video games. then, when i got to middle school soccer teams.osse and i wanted to play football, but we couldn't find a helmet that fit. d i didnit because i was some great athletic talent-- in fact i wasn't.we i was ovht and out of shape. bomut i was seriouslytitive and i loved playing games. i loved the adrenaline of compwiition. i loveing, and even more than that, i hated the pain of losing. that had been true whch i was a d playing monopoly with my mother, but it became especially clear once i started playing sports. what i hadn't expected, though, was how much i loved being part of a team and how muci learned frm it, especially once i joined the football team in high hool i had to learn how to communicate better.

i had to learn when to take the lead on the field and in the locker room, and when to step ck and give my support. i had to learn how to accept ind struction iticism from coaches-- and there was a lot of it. i had to work hard, because if i didn't, i wouldn't just be letting myself down, but my teammates down as well. don't get me wrong. i didn't a iays like the gu was playing with. that didn't matter. we were in it together. i am convinced that every kidwo d benefit from being part of a team. b player because of what it did for me as a mathematician. it might seem like being a mathematician is a solitary pursuit. it's true, i spend a lot of time in a room by myself. but i also s lot of time working with other mathematicians-- in other words, being on a team.

apell the skills i deve it took dill against and learning to deal with feedback. peops send year classrooms trying to gain the skills that will help them succeed, but some of the most important skills, i believe, are best learned on a field. >> woodruff: finally tonight, remembering an icon of classic hollywood. doris day died today at her home carmel valley, california. she was one of the most bankable generation.ars of her john yang has more on her life and legacy. ♪ ♪ >> gonna take a sentimental journey, gonna set my heart at

>> yanis day performing her first number-one hit in 1971, a quarter century after its release. ♪ ♪ ♪ sentimental journey th 1e record came out 5, during the final months of world war ii. it became a defining ballad for g.i.s to get back home-- and sent day on her journey to stardom. ifot did not take londay's charm and expressive vocals to make it to the big scr and help establish her as one of d's most popular leading ladies. from 1948 through 1968, she starred in nearly 40 films. he first: 1948's "romance on the high seas." >> it's you or no one for me, doo doo da doo doo doo, baby, >> yang: "calamity jane" came in 1953. ase came to resent her "girl next door" imagehe told johnn carson. >> the image has been so boring,

the virgin, and the goody two- shoes and all the nonsense, which ism you know, it's not human. >> yang: but it was "googirl" roles in romantic comedies like "pillow talk," alongside leading man rock hudson, that brought her a record-tying four first- place finishes in annual rpopularity polls of thea owners. >> officer, arrest this man, he's trying to takeape up to his artment. >> can't say as i blame him, miss. >> yang: she also appeared in melodramas, including alfred hitchock's "the man who knew too he introducedch s the winner of the 1956 oscar for best song. >> que sera sera, whatever will be, will be. >> her personal life was often a stark contrast to her film roles. she dealt with a series of failed marriages and financial troubles. she began retreating from public life a dedicated herself publicly to animal activism through her foundation. ere to tell you that our shelters are unbelievably overcrowded and we can and must do something about it.

g: doris day was 97-year old. for the pbs newshour, i'm john yang. >> woodruff: and that'orthe newshouronight. i'm judy woodruff. join us on-line and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and see you soon. f >> major fundi the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> home advisor. >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new lncanguage, like spanish, f german, italian, and more. >> bnsf railway. >> financial services firm raymond james.

>> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, technology, and improved economic performancteand financial cy in the 21st century. >> supported by the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation. comemitted to building a m just, verdant and peaceful world. more informationt macfound.org >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> th possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thanyou. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

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[ theme music playing ] ♪ ♪ ♪ -today on "america's teskitchen," dan makes bridget the ultimate chinese pork dumplings, lisa reviews ginger graters, and keith makes julia a chinese favorite -- beijang-style meat sauce noodles. it's all coming up right here on "america's test kitchen."