captioning sponsored by wnet >> sreenivasan: on this edition for sunday, may 19: two new state laws renew the debate on abortion, the world's largest democracy wraps up a weeks long election and, in our signature segment, how colleges are finding ways to help the growinu er of student-parents next on "pbs newshour weekend." >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. sue and edgar wachenheim iii. seton melvin. the cheryl and philip milstein family. dr. p. roy vagelos and diana t. vagelos. the j.p.b. foundation. barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products.

that's whye're your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for gpublic broadcastnd by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. from the tisch wnet studios at lincoln center in new york, hari sreenivasan. >> sreenivasan: good evening anf than joining us. the trump administration is no longer considering plans to fly migrants detained at t.- mexico border to department of s homelaurity facilities in miami, detroit, and buffalo, or to tworedominantly democratic florida counties as was reported last week. acting secretary of homeland security kevin mcaleenan confirmed the decision this >> but do you acknowledge that there were officials from your own agency who said that this was indeed going to happen in florida-- >> u.s. customs-- >> and that cities, detroit, buffalo, and miami. >> and border protection did notify-- u.s. customs and border protection did notify officials locally in those areas that they were looking at the possibility

of doing this. that's correct. >> okay.e and thties are also off the table now? >> correct. >> sreenivasan: on friday,go florida'rnor ron desantis sharply opposed plans to transfer migrants to broward and palm beach counties. while those plans are no longer being considered, mcaleenan said ople are being transferred from texas to her facilities in the southwest border region. on friday, migrants were flown to san diego from overcrowded processing centers in the rio >> we're seeing 4,000 families a day and-- and single adults, unaccompanied children-- crossing unlawfully between ports of entry. that means c.b.p. right now in border patrol stations and at ports of entry, has about 16,000 people in custody. the system is full.e ween very clear about that. so what we're trying to do is plan to be able toanage that capacity safely, to bring people where we can process them efficiently. >> sreenivasan: two new state laws restricting abortion also topped political debate this weekend. this past week, alabama and missouri enacted laws outlawing

abortion under almost all circumstances, setting up a legal battle that may challenge the supreme court to overturn roe v. wade-- the 1973 rulin that women have a constitutional right to abortion. ith some perspective on that and more is special correspondent jeff greenfield, who joins us now from santa barbara. jeff, efforts to overturn roe v. wade have gone on for a long time. why is this any different? >> because from the past legislatures have tried to accommodate restrictions with roe. they've done things le require doctors to have hospital admitting rights. they've made it rd are for clinics to stay opened. they required waiting periods. but th claim this is consistent with a women's right to abortion. these laws you referenced flatley go up against row, roe no abortions after fetal heartbeat,ix to eight we, no exception force rape or incest, draconian criminal penalties for

doctors. they are saying we know thesef laws are in cct with roe. n did this because we want you to overte flatley once and for all. >> the supreme courted when they had this option in front of them have been careful to thread a needle and not try to challenge the overall right flat out. why the qf dense now-- confidence now when you have f tks frmy laren to pat robertson saying these laws are tooextreme as ty are written today. >> two word, brett kavnaugh. the antiabortion folks think they have a five vote majority on the coulter. now that kavanaugh has replaced justice kennedy to yefer turn roe. the only justice who explicitlyt said i w to overturn roe is cearence thomas but reading what some of the jussaid in the past, they believe they now have the votes to at least have a plausible chance not just to accommodate roe with restrictions but flatley overturn it and this five majority in the past has been fairly willing, if not eagero overturn other long-standing

precedents in favor of policy decisions they prefer. s enivasan: and there was a case just about precedence this week or just a couple ofek ago. >> yeah, it has nothing to do with roe, it is whether ain citizeone state can take another citizen into his state to sue him. wh has the prochoice comunity unnerved is the opinion written by justice thomas seemed to be very casual abt overturning precedence. this is a 40 year old law and it le one dissenter just tis briyer to ask what is exin. there is a lot oeff belihat the court's attitude toward precedence will put roe vers wade in some danger when that case reaches the court. >> sreenivasan: the problem with reallyin is that works both ways for both parties. the liberals who really sa>> indeed. want the supreme court to respect the roe precedent are eager for a future kowt to overturn citizenned united, the campaign finance decision to overturn shelby county which gutted the voting rights act. so your sition on precedented often is whether you like the

precedent in the first place. >> let's talk a little bit about a republican that is making some news. a lone ce justin imash a member of congress who hasth broken wis party and said he read the mueller report and e think there ugh there for grounds for impeachment. >> right. i think we should be careful to understand theontext. congressman imash has been the most critical reblican about trump from the get go he's often suggested he may run as a third party independent against trump. and the contrast with watergate is once agn striking. back then plenty of republicans were willing to queixstion on. in fact seven of the 17 help cans on the housed iciary committee voted for one article or another of impeachment. so far of the 255 republicans in the house and senate, this congressman imash is the only onto come out and say i think this nay be impeachable. the replicans saw what happened to people like former senator flake, fornamer r

corker, former congressman sanford who have gone up against trump and we're going to have to wait and see whether sth a scan are in a coal mine or just a one off. >> sreenivasan: jean greenfield from santa barbara today, thanks so much. >> thank you. >> sreenivasan: egyptian officials said a roadside bomb hit a bus near the gramids today and wounded at least 17 people. the bus was carrying more thanle two dozen pemany of them reportedly tourists from south africa. the explosion occurred close to the under-construction grandm egyptian museuwhich is not yet open to the public. d laember, a roadside bomb blast near the pyramids hit a bus and killed three tourists and their guide. austria's chancellor is calling for an early election after the country's vice chancellor, heinz-christian stra resigned following publication of an undercover video. strache, who is also head of the far right, anti-immigrant freedom party, was seen on video apparently promising government contracts to a woman, who claimed to be the niece of a russian oligarch, while on a visit the spanish resort island of ibiza. strache apologized, blamed alcohol, and said his behavior s, "stupid, irresponsible and

a mistake," but claimed he received no money.da the scis a black eye for anti-immigrant populists across europe who already face broader irncerns about russian connections to tarty's leadership. >> sreenivasan: india completed a weeks-long national vote today, one that will determine whih party controls its parliament and whether prime minister narendra modi will win a second term. exit polls show modi's partyle ing, but the final results will come thursday when all of the ballots cast since april 11 are counted. for more on india's election gocess and the issues fac the world's largest democracy, i spoke with jeffrey gettleman,y "the nk times" south asia bureau chief who was in chennai, india and joined us by skype. for just a bit of background for the american audience, we're used toes

reporting ts and exit polls ex a matter of hours if not days. ain how long the indian election is and why it's that way? >> this is the world's largest selection in human history and it may also be the world's most prolonged election. it started more than five weeks ago. the way they do voting is it happens in seven diffent phases spread out in five week, it started in april. the voting proceeded smotly around the country. there were 900 million gistered voters which is larger than the population of the united states and europ combined. and today is the last day of voting. and once that happens there iors threour more days and then they release all the results at once. >> how much of this is a referendum on the prime minister and his promises? >> that's exactly what it is. the prime minister of india moti is a larger-than-life figure. is he an incredible or attar,

very forceable-- forceful speaker one of the most dom nents in decades. in the plus colume india remains a relatively strong economy, the it has succeeded in projecting its image abroad more force three under moti than previous primetiinisters and mas all of these ambitious social and economic initiatives that he'sng tro finish. has been the positive for motdi. in the negative, he's accused of being very divisive, of separating india by caste and by religeon. this happens suddenly andsahe criticit is often members of his party that are doing the instigating between these different communities, not motii elf. but the result has been high tensions between hindus and muslims, lynchings of many muslims and lower caste indians and a sense of fear that india is pulling apart along these very fragile social axis.

also joblessness is a bigm probn india. the country needs to create something like one millionew jobs a month to keep up with the population growth and the number of young people entering the workforce. >> and what about on the world stage and foreign policy. how has moti managed these last five years especially in relation to say the powerful neighbors of china and russia and retionship with united states? >> that's a really good moti has promoted india more than any recent prime minisr in decades. he travels a lot. he nearly went to war with pakistan a couple of months ago saying that india woutld no tolerate any terrorism that was linked to pakistan at all. and india has nuclear arm, pakistan has nuclear arms. he really was risking a major confrontation to take this aggresve posture and did it and within lots of support. with the unitied states an china, it's really interesting. .ere are the two superpowers

left in the wor an old one and a new one and indian sandwiched right in between. the united states would love to make india partner in this region to check china. but india has a long history of being neutral on the stage ofs world affad moti is pushing that, he is doing business both with russia and the united states. >> and the last thing i would say is india's economy is enormous. it's the sixth largest economy in the world and it's growing every year. 1.3 billion people, a high-tech sector, lots of other industries, more infrastructure so even though there are many poor people in this country, just by the sheer scale of the economy it's a world player and moti has been pushing that. >> all right, jefetfreytleman, south asia beureau chief forme "the new york joining us vicea skype, thank you very much. >> pleasure. #r >> sreenivasan: for more on india's election and what's at stake for the country's ruling party, visit pbs.org/newshour.

>> sreenivasan: the college years are often thought of as ao tifreedom and exploration-- a time to try things out you may never get the chance to do again. t for the nearly four-million undergraduates who are not only going to class but also raising children, it can be a struggle. you may beurprised to learn they make up 22% of all undergraduates, according to tht instfor women's policy research. but one california college mit have come upthe solution to that challenge. rywshour weekend's christopher booker has our s >> i know how to do this one. >> my homework now, it's a little funky. >> reporter: for amber angel's schedule to work, her juggling acerbetween school, work and kids, has to be precise. ti you know, waking up really early, g myself ready, waking up my daughters, getting them ready, getting them ready for school. remember, i'll pick you up after dinner today. getting them off to school. and then i get to work, and then it's picking them up from their after school care anen we're off rushing home. we sit and do our homework gether. i'm currently just finishing my last paper and then dinner,

reading, bath, bed. >> reporter: and then do it all over again? >> do it all over again. >> reporter: but today is a day for going off script. after years squeezing morng and night classes betwee part-time jobs and countless trips to and from day care and after school programs-- the 31-year-old single-mom of twoug ers is in line to pick out her cap and gown for her college graduation. . i'm the youngest of eig and i'm the first in my entire family to step foot on a college campus. i mean, i grew up with not having anybody go to college. d d so, if you grow up, or you see people arou that never look like you do something like this, you don't ever see it for scurself. >> reporter: to debe angel's path to her bachelor's degree ar a joy driven by grit andte dermination would be an understatement. >> i'm graduating! xp reporter: but she says it actually started utedly when her first daughter was just two-years-old. ly i was working at baby gap, because i got a reood discount on the clothes. ( laughs ) and just kind of making ends et. and then i realized i needed to do something with my life to

ovide for my daughter. and just by cident, i passed valley college and pulled in. this was eight and a half years ago. >> reporter: as an enrolled studt in the los angeles valley college, a two-year public college in the sany, fernando valngel was able to send her daughter to the on campus licensed childcare facility-- for free. what she didn't know at the me, was this was only part of what was on offer for parents outending l.a. valley college, and the other part play a pivotal role in helping to keep her in school when she gave birth to her second child. >> i came back when my daughter was 13 days old. and marni roosevelt, who's the director of the family resource center, was one of my professors. and so, marni apprched me and said, "do you know we have a lactation room with a refrigerator for your breast milk. we have parenting playgroups where you can come with her, and meet with a therapt, and this ole program for student parents." >> reporter: in a little building just behind where she dropped off her daughter sits the family resource center. the only such center on a community college campus in california, it offers

student-parents everything from diapers to family counseling. >> everything that we do, we dot ithin the lens of the whole family.te >> rep started by marni roosevelt 20 years ago, the center supports nearly 1,000co l.a. valleege student families each year. th a lot of us had our hands held to get througsystem. to figure out college. to figure out work. to figure out how to parent. anta lot of our students do really have that. >> reporter: initially functiong as a place for student parents to meet, the center now offers parent anday child oups, kid friendly study lounges, tutoring, eacademic counseling, a f children's clothing exchange and free organic produce. the center staff includes a marriage family therapist and ar socialr who works with the students to connect them to ongoing college and community suppt services. to take advantage of the enrvices, parents must be lled at l.a. valley college and have a child under the age of 18 living in the ho t. childcare was a huge

piece. i would've never made it to school and started here had i not hait. but there's so much more than just that, right? i didn't know that i was gonna have to do group work. i didn't know i was gonna bave to com to campus after i left. going to study at a library is really hard with a two-year-old. and that's one of the things the family resource center kind offe d that i didn't have previously. but the biggest is that i met other parents. >> we know that student-parents are really parents first. they're really parent-students. and that the second that something happens within their family, that means they have to stop going to school. they have to choose betweensc family ool, they're going to choose family. so, we know that the only way to support the student is also tods support their >> reporter: and the approach has been effective. 80of l.a. valley college students who use the family resource center successful s complete theester. for the rest on campus, the completion rate is9%. >> something as comprehensive as

the family resource center, thas has a li social worker, a marital and family therapist ona staff,s very unique. >> reporter: lindsey reichlin cruse is a study director with i.w.p.r., the institute for women's policy research based in washgton, d.c. reichlen cruse says despite the rastty, the need for more ro support for student-parents is acute. >> parents make up a larger share of the undergraduateon student populahan anybody really realizes. >> reporter: her research shows that a little over one ifive college students are raising children. for black women in colle, it's two in five, and in the for-profit school sector it's much higher-- an estimated 45% of students are parents. but in a 2018 study reichlin cruse found only 8% of single mothers are completing their degrees within a six-year period. for women with no kids, the completion rate is 49%. >> the investment that single mothers make in their collegat edn more than pays off in the returns-- once they graduate.so

so, for ate's degrees, it's about $16.50 to one. so for every dollar-- a singlen mother investsllege, she gets $16.50 back over her lifetime. and o-- and over that lifetime, that as up to around $330,000 more than she would have made with only a high school diploma. >> rorter: with those extra earnings, reichlin cruse says single-mothers will be less likely to ed public sistance-- and will pay more into the tax sysm. >> there are significant tax contributions to the tune of nearly $8-billion over t lifetime of all the single mothers expected to graduate with a degree. and public assistance savings would be in excess of $3 million, just in the four years after they graduate. >> reporter: so the - the whole group of single moms just four years after they've completed the degree, the federal government would save $310 million? >> in public assistance savings, yes.>> eporter: while l.a. valley college's family resource center is an outlier, there are efforts to expand support fo student-parents elsewhere.

new york governor andrew cuomo has proposed a new pilot program that would provide child care and support services for single-parents attending t state and city university system-- known as suny and cuny. and in 2018 the federal government tripled the budget for its child care access means parents in school program. the funds are used to establish campus-based child care programs primarily for low-come students. still, services like those therc family res center provides are expensive. >> reporter: who pays for all of hiis? doesresult in higher tuition costs for all students?- and the rent-students as well? >> there's no categorical funding for these kinds of services on campus. ants and i solicit donations from private philanthropy. and we have some community people who are very wonderful patrons of what we do. but, basically i cobble moy together.

right now, we're in pretty good ape, but it changes. it changes from year-to-year >> we need to institutionalize family resource centers and we need to make sure they-- they're f the budget. you know, we need d permanent funding, permanent ongoing funding. >> reporter: andra hrefman is vicedent of the los angeles community college district board of trustees. the board oversees the $5.8 billion budget of its nine community colleges-- including l.a. valley. but for hoffman the argument isn't just about budgetary policy, its personal. nearly 22 years ago when she was 35 and a single mom of two kids, she herself was returning to school and was a student at l.a. valley college trying to finish her degree. his life.d you know, i tried to make ends meet. i would take a class here and there when i could, when i could fit it in after work. but oftentimes by the end of the week i-- i had no money left. and i would hope that somebody would invite me over-- for dinner.rc the family rescenter would've changed my life and made it a whole lot easier for

me to get through school >> reporter: hoffman says from the time she first enrolled in college to when toe finished, it her 22 years to complete her bachelors degree. for amber gel, it was eight. after she completed her associates degree at l.a. valley college, she was hirly by the faesource center. she transferred her credits to california sta university northridge where tomorrow, may 20, she will graduate with a bachelor's degree in science, majoring in family studies. >> it's emotional, it's really exciting. it feels like... it feels like, the representation oything i have done has been-- has mattered. >> reporter: eight years is a long time and you d it. >> eight years is a really long time and i did it. i'm sorry i'm like-- >> reporter: i mean, i get it. >> it's really exciting. like, i'm so excited to go pick up my girls. >> reporter: well done. >> thank you. >> this is "pbs newshour

weekend," sunday. >> sreenivasan: marathoners talk out hitting a psychological wall, somewhere around 20 miles into the 26 mile race, but ina, chhere's a marathon that redefines what it means to conquer a wall. >> run is not always the prop verb for competitors in this race but yesterday 1500 people tried to get to the finish line anyway they could. >> the great wall full marathon takes place on and around a restored section of the wall, 7f miles northeas beijing. what makes it intense are the 5,164 steps competitors must go up up and down during the 26.2 mile course. >> it's fantastic. excruciating but fantastic. >> it's really fun. the last 8 kill merpts were a little difficult d kilometers were difficult, sothe second

time is a challenge but wonderful people, great cheers. >> the rugged route includes breathtaking scenery and man c stop toch both their breathe tand the view befockling other sections and running through viage streets nrby. >> the landscape was amazing. everybody was cheeitng. as fantastic in the villages. they were all dancing, it was unbelievable. >> the entries in this 20thin ruof the marathon came from 67 countries. the men's maranithon winner ed in three hours 24 nutes, 50 seconds. a reference to men's worldu record is two one minute and 29 seconds. no stair-climbing involver. the wif the women's great wall finished in four hours 11 minutes and 58 sometimes excruciating seconds. >> i had to crawl on m han and my knees. i thought i was go toking throw up. then i saw the girl who got second, i saw her behind me and i thought shoot, i better pick up the pace so that she doesn't

catch me. >> sreenivasan: finally tonight, it may be the ultimate college graduation gift. robert f. smith, a billionaire technology investor and philanthropist was giving a commencement address at morehouse college in atlantald when he he 400 graduates of the historically black, all- male school... >> this is my class, 2019-- and ammyy is making a grant to eliminate their student loans. >> sreenivasan: in case you missed it, look again at the reaction of the young man on the lower left of the picture. smith told the graduates that in return for his multi-million dollar gift-- he expects the morehouse graduates to pay it forward. that's all for this edition of" pbs newshour weekend." i'm hari sreenivasan. thanks for watching. have a good night. captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz.

e and edgar wachenheim iii. seton melvin. lyhe cheryl and philip milstein fa dr. p. roy vagelos and diana t. vagelo erhe j.p.b. foundation. rosalind p. wa barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding vided by mutual of america-- delgning customized individ and group retirement products. that's why we're your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. be more. pbs. be more.

ed: okinawan soba, not to be confused with japanese soba, is a perfect blend of soup, noodles, and pork spare ribs that embodies the spirit of this island people. join me, ed kenney; and my friend hisae uki as we journey to her omeland of okinawa. join me, ed kenney; ere are so many reasonswhy . every dish has a story. food brings people together and has the power to conjure up cherished memories. i was born and raised in the hawaiian islands, onmmof the most diverse ities in the world. in this show, we'll meet a guest from hawaii, learn about their favorite dish, trace it back to its origins, and have some fun along the way. announcer: major funding for "family ingredgredients" was provided by the corporation for public broadcasting. additional funding was provided by the hawai'i tourism authority,