captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the "newshour" tonight, one on one with former director of national intellince and frequent critic of the president, james clapper.um then, many undted immigrants brought to the u.s. as children face deportation and must now make new lives in countries they barely remember. >> born in mexico, raised in the u.s., returned to mexico.if exico doesn't do anything about this, it's going to be an entire generation that gets lost. >> woodruff: >> woodruff: plus, from garbage to the gallery-- finding raw materials for artwork in the most unlikely of places. >> many of the artists have never worked with found materials. they don't get to go out anhed y whatneed, they have to respond to whatever comes their way. >> woodruff: all that and mo on tonight's "pbs newshour."

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>> woodruff: the united states and iran are trading new verbal volleys, as tensions in the persian gulf remain twgh. mr. trumted overnight that "if iran wants to fight, that will be the ofcial end of iran." today, tehran's foreign minister mohamm javad zarif dismissed the warning. he tweeted"try respect-- it works!" iran also announced it has quadrupled production of enriched uranium, but remains within the limits of the 2015 nuclear accord. the president has ordered his former white house counsel, don mcgahn, not to testify about the mueller report to congress. the u.s. house judiciary committee had subpoenaed mcgahn to appear by tomorrow. the justice department said dvday that as a former presidentialer, he has immunity against testifying.

ae u.s. trade fight with china landew blow today on tech giant "huawei."gl "g confirmed that many services on ats android opg system will no longer be updated on "huawei" smart phones. that's after the u.s. government thrbed transactions with "huawei" over fear it helps beijing spy. meanwhile, the u.s. again sent a destroyer past scarborough shoal, disputing china's claim to that part of the south china sea. in ukraine, tv comedian iy wasmyr zelen inaugurated as president today after winning a landslide vote last month. in took the oath of office before parliameniev this morning. then, speaking ianboth russian ukrainian, he called for a cease-fire with separatists in eastern ukraine, and for russia to return crimea. >> ( translated ): frankly

speaking, it seems it is impossible to lose what belongs to us by law. both crimea and donbass are ukrainian land where we lost not only territories, but most importantly-- people.ot they aretrangers, they are our people. they are ukrainians. >> woodruff: zelenskiy also announced he was dissolving foparliament, and he callea snap election. a scandal embroiling austria's far-ght "freedom party" deepened today. the chancellor called for his m interiister to quit after the vice chancellor resigned. bothre "freedom party" leaders. a secret video allegedly shows the vice chancellor promising contracts to a russian benefactor if she buys an ksaustrian newspaper and bhe party.us inalia's conservative prime minister scott morrison is poised to form a majity government after a stunning election victory. his coalition podly beat the tion labor party, which was widely expected to win. anbor pushed an ambitious to curb greenhouse gas emissions.

back in this country, the new mayor of chicago, lori lightfoot, was sworn in today, ising to fight corrupti and violence. lightfoot is the first black, openly gay woman to lead the city. she took the oatof office in a 10,000-seat arena, and supporters cheered as she vowed clean up city hall. f >> you vot change and i plan to deliver change to our government. ( applause ) eans restoring trust in our city's government and finally bringing some real integrity to the way this city works. >> woodruff: the new mayor also pledged to restore peace and security.56 chicago hahomicides last year-- more than new york and los angeles combined. a guatemalan teenager has died at a u.s. border patrol station in south texas. it's the fifth death of a

migrant child in u.s. custodysi e december. the agency says the 16-year-old boy was detained a week ago, and was found dead this morning. e.ere is no word on the ca automaker ford said today it is cutting 7,000 white-collar jobs worldwide-- about 10% of its salaried work force. the total includes some 2,300 positions in the u.s., mostly around dearborn, michigan. it's part of a restructuring designed to saiove $600 mi trllars per year. presidenp denied today there is anything suspicious about his dealings with deutsche bank. "the new york times" reported that bank specialists flagged transactions involving mr. trump and son-in-law jared kushner as possible money-laundering. the report said bank executivese ded against alerting federal authorities. the president tweeted that any such story is "phony." a key regulator has endorsed t-

mobile's takeover of rival airint for $26.5-billion. the of the federal communications commission, ajit pai, announced it today. he said the wireless carriers committed to build a next- generation 5g network within six years. the merger still needs approval from the full f.c.c. and the justice department. and on wall street, u.s. actioni etainst huent tech stocks and the broader maower. the dow jones industrial average lost 84 points to close below 25,680. the nasdaq fell nearly 114 points. and the p 500 slipped 19. still to come on the "nehour," my interview with former direteor of national igence, james clapper; undocumented immigrants brought to the u.s. as children and deported to countries they barely remember; a devastating ebola outbreak could get worse as doctors threaten to go on strike, and much more.

>> woodruff: he had access to the earliest signs russia was interfering in the 2016 presidential election. he is now a frequent critic of president trump and target of his wrath. james clapper served as director of national intelligence. his latest book, "facts and fears: hard truths from a life in intelligence" is coming out tomorrow in paperback and he e ins us now. welcck to the "newshour". congratulations on the paperback. >> thanks, judy. >> woodruff: general clapr, the trump administration has been talking a lot in the last few weeks about the threat from iran. they've increase military presence in the persian gulf. a lot of confud sion arois situation. my question to you is shouldar there be a staof proof for

any evidence an administration provideas a justification, as a proof of this threat thegy're talkabout? >> well, i think there should be, particularly if we're goinsg t sons and daughters in to rm's way in a situation like this. a lot of the rhetoric we're seeing today , is i think, reminisct of the same sot of approach, pa apparently, with north korea, kim jong un, where we go from fire and fury toa love affair, and it seems that this inconsisten rhetoric is maybe a hallmark. i don't think that's a good thing, particularly when you have forc that are adversarial in close proximity to one another as we do on the korean peninsula and in the strait of ramuz. >> woodruff: i'm being. e're talking about an

invertent incident that could explode. >> woodruff: i understand there's a problem with the audio on your microphone, so we're going to try to get that fixed twhile we're talking, let's go ahead and continue. i'm asking about this proof of intense because we know, during the runup to the iraq war, there was intelligence. and you've written in your book you contributed to that. it didn't turn out to be all accurate. so hon confident the american people with, going forward, that any intelligence is accurate, that they can count on it? >> i think my fingerprints were on the infamous national intelligence estimate which dealt with weapons of massst ction in iraq and published in october of 2002, and you're right, much of it was wrong. i think what people should take note of are the lessons learned from that experience and the practices and procedures that have been built into the

preparation of such intelligence, particularly at the national intelligence estimate level, to prevent thats thot to say thater policy-m whether this set of policy-makers or any other set ofolicy-makers, you know, what they might do with that intelligence, either ignore it, accept it or reject it, but i think the intelligence community has built in some mechanisms to preclude a recurrence of that. the issue will be -- and this is a policy call, notn intelligence community call -- is the extent to which that's shared with the american public. >> woodruff: you mean the information the administration has to the extent it's shared. >> exactly. >> woodruff: you either because of the mixed signals you were just referring to or intelligence and how it's read that there could be some kind of a confrontation as a result of a miscalculation, a misunderstand org for any

ysason? >> well, that's al potential, and as i indicated earlier, particularyou have a hostile force and military forces in close proximity as you certainly do in the strait. i don't think either iran or the united states wants to get into a large military confrontation. think this would be a bad thing for both sides. so i think we're going to have perhaps more of this rhetoric,ma whics you a little apprehensive, but i think both sides are going to tr ato do they can to avoid a major confrontation. >> woodruff: i do want to ask you about the mueller report. the special counsel robert mueller, as you know, concluded there was nconspiracy, no illegal cooperation between the anump campaign and russi officials, but you have said -- had i'm quoting you -- there were examples ofyou call passive collusion that you found

troubling. at were you referring t >> well, i think, to start with, one prime exmple is president -- or candidate trump's exhortation to the russians on the 27th of july of 2016, where he enjoined the russians to goind the missing 30,000 e-mails -- >> woodruff: clinton' mails. -- of hillary clinton, alleged missing 30,000 e-mails. and, as we saw, and as graphically portrayed in the recent mueller report but even earlier than that in an earlier indictment, the russians did exactly what he askedhem to do. that very day, after hours, the g.r.u. went and searched for those e-mails. we didn't know this inntemporaneously, but certainly the trump tower mein june of '16, where it appeared there was certainly a willingness to accept help from the russians

and, as the mueller investigation report points out, that the campaign expected to benefit electorally from the support given toby them he russians. but here we have our arch adversary helping one candidate against another. >> woodruff: wel connection with all that, again, as you know, the attorney general now has launched his own investigation into whether hat the intelligence community was doing back during the obama administration, what the departmentf justice and the f.b.i. were doing in investigating the trump campaign, whether that was an appropriate action that was attaken. o you know about that? was it appropriate? >> ihink what was done s appropriate because of what the russians w,ere doind what we saw were only a smattering ofno what w know were apparently dozens of encounters between russiarepresentatives and members of the trump camp.

and, so, this had obvious counterintelligence implications. so i think it's certainly appropriate for the attorney general to look back are there eessons learned here, do the procedures need tohanged, but i think what is bothersome to me is impugning the motives because our concern is the threat posedy -- and continues to be my concern -- the pose bid the russians. >> woodruff: one, you mentioned the trump tower meeting. th be was also aefing at trump tower after the president had been elected that you and other intelligence officials participated in. >> mm-hmm. the barrf investigation is looking into whether contents of that meeting wered to the press. do you know anything about that? lved in leaking? >> in leaking? no. there's been specific concern about the dossier, i guess -- >> woodruff: this is the former russian -- i'm sorry -- ormer british --

>> the collection of 17 memos compiled by former retired british intelligence officer christopher steele which i think was regarded as a credible source by the f.b.i., and pretty hard to leak something that was already widely available in the media, and the dossier itself is no a classified document. so to answer your question directly, no, and i don't know of anyone else in theen intell community that knew about this that leaked anything to the media. >> woodruff: in the mueller port, there's a reference to your saying that you could not certify to then president-elect ttrump that you knew tha dossier information was false. what can you -- is tre anything you can tell us about your conversation with i esident trump? >> sure. counted that in the book. the context was, by the way, his chrization on the 10t

10th of january of 2017, we briefed him on the 6th, the previous friday, the chacterization of the intelligence community is nazis. i felt, as the leader of the intelligence communityeti couldn'that pass, so i zingly him and, ama enough, he took the call. during the course of that call, asked me to put out a statement ref -uting the >> woodruff: the dossier. -- the dossier, which i couldn't do. i couldn't affirm or refute it. i will say that some things in the dossier were corroborated from separate sources of information that wed have high confidence in in the original intelligence community thessment we rendered on 6th of january. so i couldn't do that one way or the other. >> woodruff: so muchtosk you about former director of nationalme intelligence, clapper, thank you very much. >> thanks, judy.

>> woodruff: many young, undocumented peoe living in the u.s. worry president trump's immigration policies might putem t risk of deportation. for some, those fears have been realized. hers left on their own accord. either way, mexico has a growing community of people who wer born there but feel more at home in the u.s. npr weekend editn host lulu rcia-navarro met some of them recently, and has this story. ( speaking snish ) >> reporter: for gilberto olivas-bejarano is call is a bittersweet taste of home. when the 29-year-old gets lonely, which is often, he phones his parents in tulsa, oklahoma... 1,300 miles away from leon, mexico, where lives now. he doesn't talk about himself or his new life to his far to friends.

himselfrs to imagine just around the corner from them. >> what are you doing? >> oh, i'm just hanging out at home. >> reporter: and it is a small home, where the walls are mostly bare and almost nothing is his-- except the pictures he's printed from his facebook page. he arrived in mexico two yearso agwith nothing and knowing no one. >> i was two-years-old, i think, the last time we were in mexico >> reporter: he's now crossed the us mexico border twice in circumstances beyond his control. once when was a toddler with his parents and again when he was deported as the trump administration cracked down on the people who call themselves "dreamers." they were brought as children into the u.s. illegally, but many came out of the shadows in 2012 when president obama issued an executive order protecting them from deportation, known as daca. >> it ma sense to expel talented young people, who, for all intents and purposes, aran amer

>> i remember the day that obamo ced, i was just, like, crying in my car akeer work just "oh, my god, something's finally haorening." >> rr: before daca, he had dropped out of high school to focus on getting a g.e.d. and a job. he was fearful that he couldn't advance his education undocumented. but once he received daca, he enrolled in community college. he is part of a new generation-- eyoung, educated undocumed immigrants who gatned legal st in the united states under daca. he thought he was finally safe-- but he was caught drinking and driving-- a serious mistake for any erican, but one which p his status in the united states at risk. >> that was the original d.i. and then, consequently led to me being deported. >> reporter: in 2014 and 2016,d he rac two convictions of driving under the influence. he was paying the fines, but under the trump administration, new rules, old convictions were enough to get him deported.

after a job interview at a restaurant in 2017, an ice agent approached him. >> there was no discretion about it. he literally just pulled me out of my car and put me in cuffs in >> reporter: that same year the trump administration decided ao rescind daogether. >> the department of justice cannot defend this overreach. >> reporter: olivas-bejarano took the advice of hisawyers not to challenge his deportation. before he left the u.s., he spent five weeks in a detention center.ng >> bpenly gay, i was definitely targeted a lot. people would make comments like, sexual comments, sexual innuendoes >> reporter: he was left at the border in texas after three daya on a bus, inles. his first time back since he was he could barely speak spanish. >> they'd hear my accent and they'd be like, "you're not from here are you? where are you from?" and then >> is not being able to see your family the hdest thing here? >> yeah. ( sighs ) i think that's... the only hard

thing, really, is not being able to hug my mom or hug my dad or harass my brother. ( crying ) i'm sorry. >> reporter: here in mexico, new organizations are springing up, looking to tap into this new generation's potential. this is hola codin mexico city, started in 2017 after entrepreneur marcela torres w an opportunity. >> the tech sector was looking t for peopt are really resilient with transferable ndills that can learn really fast ahey know how to speak english and spanish. >> reporter: her five-month program trains deportees and returnees from the u.s. to become software engineers. and they are also taught other skills for their new life like how to fit iwoo a mexican place. >> we're definitely in a different culture than the u.s.r >> rr: they receive a

weekly stipend and are only required to pay for the program when they get a job. marcela views her program as solving the returnee's paradox: born in mexico, raised in the u.s., but at home in neither. >> you know, the american dream, like, they grew up with all these cuural messages. but they've also been denied to th. consistently. on both sides of the border. >> reporter: she said that without programs like hers, this entire generation could fall between the cracks. >> we're seeing generation 1.5 which is born in mexico, raised the u.s., return to mexico. and the amount of people that are coming back, it's also very large. to an extent that if mexico doest do anything about this it's going to be an entire generation that gets lost. >> reporter: even without 's help, generation 1.5 forging their own path here. people like mauricio lopez. he received daca protections, too.

but once president trump was elected, with his anti- immigration rhetoric, lopez decided he'd had enough and returned back to mexico. he's now teaching english at a charity that helps returnees ino a partmexico city near the plaza de la revolucion. the memorial here commemorates mexico's revolution. it's become the unofficial hub for deportees and returnees like mauricio. here in what's now called little l.a., businesses have sprung up catering to this new community and one of them is the cactus burrito stand, where they are p literally giviple a taste of home, burritos which are not comm and they have names that remind people of what they've left behind: california, texas and even hawaii. for maggie loredo, home used to be georgia. she's using what she learned from her experience crossing the border to help this flood of new arrivals ovethe la two years. >> peopl find themselves, many of the times, undocumented again in mexico-- in the sens so complex and hard to obtain

identity documents that are recognized in mexico. >> reporter: she says the mexican government hasn't helped enough, so she's taken matters into her own hands, co-founding a nonprofit called "otras dreams en accion"-- other dreams in action. >> we mutually support each other; we are politically advocating on both sides of thea border, mexi in the united states. ch reporter: they work out of a space called "house"-- reclaiming a word that some locals have begun using as a slur to describe american-raised mexicans. the walls at poch@ house are adorned with mementomafrom home- - of the u.s. is studded with pins showing everyone's hometown. and a phrase on the wall captures their feeling of being in limbo: "de aqui e de alla." "from he from there." >> there are a lot of multiple identities that i possess.i buan one i think that i've come to an agreement with myself that i can be de aqui, de mexico, but i am also the

estados unidos, the allas, so i'm de aqui e de alla. >> reporter: back in leon, gilberto olivas-bejarano says he is also something in between, caught in the middle of two shifting identities. but he now feels him stronger.es he recently got a new apartment in a better part of town and explores his neighborh his roommate. >> muchas gracias, senora. >> reporter: he has a job in the city of leon's bustling shoe industry, which he says has plenty of potential for growth. >> this is my office. >> reporter: he grew up with the american dream, and now he's hoping that dream can come true in mexico. for the "pbs newshour," i'm lulu garcia navarro in mexico. >> woodruff: stay with us. coming up on the "newshour," amy walter and tamara keith on thlatest moves in the race for the 2020 democratic nomination,

and finding inspiration in- unlikely placean francisco artistsas turn into art. today the head of the united nations' health agency called an outbreak of ebola in the democratic republic of congo, "one of the most complex emergencies the w.h.o. has ever faced." more than ,100 people have died from the deadly virus in two provinces along the borders of three countries. that makes it the secost ebola outbreak ever. but as nick schifrin reports, experts fear the outbreak is increasing, and the vould soon spread. >> reporter: this is all that's left of a health clinic in democratic republic of congo'sor kivu. a local militia burned it down and threatened the doctors since january there have been dozens of deadly attacks on clins-- where beds now sit under open sky. in geneva today, te w.h.o. honored a murdered d.r.c. health worker.

and director general tedros adhanom ghebreyesus warned the risk that ebola could spread to other countries was "very high." >> we are fighting one of the world's most dangerous viruses in one of the world's most dangerous areas. >> reporter: for a y arter centurthe region's residents have fled from armed extremist groups and militiaths. they attacmilitary and anyone who collaborates with the government. that means villages devated by violence, now also wracked bs disease, arene for health workers, allowing the disease to spread. international organizations sit with villagers to fight deepst distf foreign doctors and local authorities. medical workers treat ebola victims in new, transparent cubes that reduce transmission risk. and they div a new, extremely effective vaccine. but it's not working. and health workers warn more people will die, and the outbreak could spiral out of control.

and joining me now is david miliband. just rushed from the democratic republic of congo where his organization has over 150 people toworkinombat ebola. david miliband, welcome back to the "newshour". the tmbersmselves are staggering -- 1,000 dead, 1600 infected -- but did you see a situation that's worse than the numbers suggest? >> yes, i think it's ver important that people understand that, although this is already the secoeb biggesta outbreak in history and it's the first ebo outbreak to take place in a conflict zone, which is what the east of drc is. the real situati on the ground is far more troubling. it's not just the number of cases are probably much higher, it'shat the level of violence, including violence directed against health centers, three international rescue committee health centers have bn rgeted and they have had to

have services suspended, that means that there real danger of the disease spreading, of the number of cases spiking, and of the kind of upsurge in ath rates that we've seen in previous outbreaks. >> that's alarming, fm 2013 to 2016, three countries, we've seen over 11,000 peoyoe die. aru suggesting that's where we're heading now? >> the great danger at the moment is ce number es is already rising but not being recorded. the suspension of services doesn't just relate to healt centers, it's also affected some of the lab testing, it's also affected a critical part of the prevention and control system evich is the contract tracing. y time you find someone with ebola, you need to make sure that the 10, 20 people whom they may have come in contact with are taking the necessary precautions. so my great fear is we end up in a situation where we do approach

a very significantly increased levels of death. >> you talked about violence against doctors, violence against irc international rescue committee officials. the world health organization says there's been 119 attacks on health workers, 895 have been killed or wounded and, as you know, there's a lot of disinformation about what those doctors are doing. so what's the solution to right now? >> well, you're making a rile important point. this is a battle not just against a disease, it's a battle against fake news and a battle for public opinion. absolute key, the central lesson of the ebola outbreaks that have happened befor is winning the confidence of the community, and what's happened in this case is, clearly, this is an area of historic opposition to central government and it's an area wheo the rr mill about ebola and how it's being spread is going in precisely the wrong direction. we need to reset the response so that, instead of the engagement of the community cming as the

last thing, it's actually the foundation of the it needs to be local people who are trained to do the prevention and control, its needs to be local people who are going around with the vaccine because there is a vaccine in this case, 100,000 people have had it but many more need to do so.wi out that, you have a massive trust gap whose worst suspects are assaults on staff whore only there, after all, to serve local people. >> the trust gapdo you believe in part that was created by a failure to engageocal communities up front? >> i think the short answer is yes because ten months into the disease the trust gap has gotten worse, not better, the level of violence has gotten worse, not better, and, so, there's a careful coalition that needs to be built that includes the nation world organizations like the world health organization, it has to include the drc government ad' of health, but it has to start the coalition with local people.

the battle won't be won by jetting in more international aid work, w. l be won from the bottom up with security and trust built from the bottom up. >> you're in new york. let's talk about the u.s. response. the c.d.c. had to pull doctors from the area last year because it was too dangerous.d the . says they have about 17 people. they're ying to increase that. do you believe the united states government is doing enough? >> in this case, i think one can say with confidence that the is leading in a thoughtful, constructive, engaged way, and long may that continue. i think that the way the u.s.a. team are explaining the work they're doing, the way theyga're ng congress is all to the good, because it's going to be needed for some time to come. this is also the message thatpos also rtant, there's no quick fix for this now. the response plan put together by the intelligence community ends in jhey, and's no way that this outbreak is going to be over by july. we're going to need the u.s. to

play a leading role well beyond thne. >> you wil the u.s. to play a leadle role and the world health organization says it hasn y about half its requested funds. how critical is it in this ment that the world community step up? >> you would expect in someone who's.g running an.o. to come on and say more money is nee. i'm saying the first is to reset the response, but then more money will be neede the response so far has consumed about $140 million, and just to put that in perspective, that' equivalent to the total health budget for the whole of thecr deic republic of congo. so you're talk about a significant sum of money by d.r.c. standards, a relatively limited sum of money by international sta ndards. >> david miliband, president and c.e.o. of t international rescue committee, thank you very much. >> thank you so much.

>> woodruff: it is perhaps the most controversial issue facing the country, but this weekend democratic candidates for president did not shy away from the issue of abortion-- and neither did the president. amna nawaz brings usp to speed. >> reporter: in birmingham, abama: >> make no mistake about it. these laws are dangerous, they are regressive, and they are blatantly unconstitutional. ( cheers and applause ) >> reporter: vermontrena bernie sanders criticized the just-passed alabama law that bans abortions after eight eks. meanwhile, in new hampshire, during a fox news town hall, southna bend, indayor pete buttigieg said the next president should nominate judtos who promisphold roe v. wade. >> i believe in the right of the woman to make her own decision about her reproductive health and about her body is a national ght, it's an american freedom

and i believe that should be enjoyed by eveap woman. ( plause ) >> reporter: the two democratic presidential candidates were not alone. new jersey senator cory booker, maschsaetts senator elizabeth warren and new york senator kirsten gillibrandeeach said thisnd they, too, would nominate pro-roe judges, if elected. for his part, president trump esid he disag with the lawama he tweeted saturday he is "sth rongly pro-life, we three exceptions-- rape, incest and protecting the life of the mother."e alabama law has no exceptions for rape or incest. while abortion rights policies unite most democratic candidates, several took to the trail this weekend to distinguish themselves on other issues. >> i'm running for our country, democrats, republicans, independents, different path. >> reporter: in philadelphia former vice president joe bidenr fft his message of unity for his campaign'sial kick-off rally, stressing his ability to bring the party together. acrosthe country in los

angeles, california senator kamala harris announced an equpr pay osal that would punish corporatns for wage discrimination. >> when you lift up the economic syotatus of womenlift up the economic status of families, communities, andll of society. >> reporter: and senator sanders, during a multi-stghe tour throuhe south, introduced a ten-point education plan on saturday, the 65th anniversary of the landmark brown v. board of education ruling. the plan includes banning for- profit public schoolriple funding for title i schools, working with states to inc teacher pay, and allocating $5- billion for summer and after- school programs. trying to set himself apart in a crowded field of 23 cand oates, wir eight months to go before the first votes are even cast. for the "pbs newshour," i'm amna nawaz. >> woodruff: and now that brings us to the analysis of our

politics monday duo, amy walter of the "cook political report" and host of "politics with amy walter" on wync radio and tamara keith, npr white house correspondent and co-host of the "npr politics" podcast. hello to both of you. it is "politics monday." rtso let's s with where amna started in her reporting, amy, and that is with abortion. we are sing conservative-leaning states pass restrictive laws on women's access. clearly, human consequences to all this, but i want to ask both of youut the political calculus. i mean, we are hearing the candidates out on the til, we are hearing the president. what do we see developing here? >> well, what you saw before the alabama case were republicans on the offense saying, in states that were run by democrats, new york and california, they were passing laws that were

overly what the president cahad ed at one point infanticide, tthy were supporting laws that would allow women to have abortions well into their th trimester and arguing that republicans were way out of the mainstream. he was very comfortabith that line of attack. he used it a lot at his rallies. now go and we see a number of states who now have these six-week bans and now alabama the most extreme of these, whch is no exceptions at all except for the life of the woman. but it really mes to the heart of it, judy, when it comes to abortion politics, where most of the country is, not surprisingly, is in the middle. they don't want total access with no restrictions, but they also do not want it to be illegal in all circumstances, and this actually hasn't chaed much. gallup has been polling opinions about abortion since 1976, and opinions have been pretty similar, that only about 20% say

abortion illegal in all circumstances, about 25 to 30% legal under any circumstance, the rest say there should be some t restrictions buthey don't want to see either extreme. >> woodruff: and increasingly, tam, eyes on the supreme court or the federal appeals court you hae more democratic candidates saying this is going to be a litmus test for them, they'd only nomi judges as president who would promise not toerturn roe v. wade. >> right, and these laws in alabama and other place were written expressly with the idea that they would get to the supreme cou. activists want these laws to be taken up by a supreme court that is now more favorable, they believe and hope, to their viewpoint. they're ho either these cases, these laws or some other way will lead to the repeal of roe v. wade. the democratic candidates, several of them in the last several days, have coe out and said, yes, we will have a litmus test, we will not pick a justice

that would not uphold roe. i interviewed pete buttigieg at the end of last week and askou him t a litmus test and he said it would be absolutely clear in his interviews with nominees that they would have to agm e with on this significant issue. >> woodruff: it's interesting. when you talk to thoswho are nominated for the court, though, later, they say there was no t litmt -- >> even president trump, once he was in office was, like, oh, no, i didn't ask about that. >> woodruff: litmus test -- i think the wall has been broken now in this era. we've broken one walwhich was the filibuster, and now the idea of asking or just openly discussing the issue sov -- the issue of abortion with a justice ocratshow intensely dem feel about this, but by the time the new opening could hapn, we y be at a very different place than where states are on this

issue. e. >> woodruff: another issue we heard at the end with bernie sanders is on education. he's talking about charter schools and how he would like to do away with a for-profit charter schools, no more federal funding. it's interesting because cory booker as the mayor of newark, new jersey, was knowto be in favor, and this was back in an ouearlier erremarks could say, but there's an interesting divide going on bween some of daunts going on over this. >> there's an interesting divide between cory booker now and when he was the mayor of newark. he has not embraced arter schools now as a candidate and senator as he did when he was a mayor.s in part, t is a reflection of an evolution in democratic politics about education and their views especially o charter schools. one reason for this is that a key constituency for democrats are teachers, articular teachers unions. they're some of the remaining very powerful us in america,

likeeachers unions do not charter schools. >> woodruff: amy, you talked last week to the head ofhe a.f.t., the american federation -- >> it was fascinating and id said to h democrats at one point were embrace ago lot of these reforms. this was going on during the clinton administration, cory booker in newark, in obama administration with arne duncan as part of the department of education, really embracing reform. i said to her, in 2008, what would have happened if there erre teastrikes then because she was noting how pleaseshe was how many democratic candidates were tweeting out support for the l.a. teachers. i said would any democrats tweeted support for teachers in 2008, she said absolute not. she said w st we'n in the last 10 or 15 years is unions were on their back feet even among democrats, and this blue bloom has sort of come off the rose in the last few years as charters have not lived up toth

r promise and the teacher strikes, i think, put the focus back on teachers a the real consequences of what budget cuts mean to most school children. >> woodrufon so the ques about whether some of these candidates are campaigning, the ruso belt. we saw joe biden, tam, over the weekend in philadelphia, big rally, talked about the importance of unity, bringing democrat together. lo and behold trump late today is headed for pennsylvania, a different part of the state, but it loo as if these rust belt states that the president won in 2016 may be up for grabs. is that what's going on? or we don't know? >> pennsylvania, michigan, wisconsin, those three states, president trump won by a grand total of 70,000 votes. so they were -- it was vercly se, very tight then, and those states are not, like, optional for president trump as he runs foreelection. they are a critical part in

talking with his campaign. they are a critical part in plhs for reelection. so expect him t to to be back in those states a lot. that's why you have democrats going to states that don't have pearly primaries ve that they can get a big crowd in one of those states in the you were midwest. >> it's fascinating where the president chose to go. he's going to a county he won overwhelmingly last time and republicans have consistendotly well, between scranton and wilkes-ba obama carried that county with 52%, hillary clinton carried it only took 39%. obama won 63% in the county scralaon is in, h clinton only got 50%. we talk about the president, vice president. vice president was in philadelphia. there was a lot of consternation among democrats that there wasn't enough turnout in philadelphia in016but that wasn't really the whole story.

the role story was, in smaller counties, northeast r northeast pennsylvania where democrats used to be able to do at least if not win, not lose by as big a margin, hillary clinton lost significantly. donald trump needs those bople as committed to him in 2020. >> woodruff: and, so, what are the argument that they need to make, that he needs to make? >> hthis makin arguments that he is going to continue making. esident trump is not miing up his message very much. he is speaking to the base. really, the trump campaign believes that the voters that were obama-trump votego are g to stay trump voters. that these sort of unlikely voters will continue to support him, and polling would indicatee been able to hold on to his base pretty wel. >> woodruff: scranton is joe biden. >> yes. we don't have to win, to hit the

mabuins president obama did we need to do better -- this is a democrat making this argument -- than 39%. even ifou just get to 45%, that's enough of a improvement when it was a 20,000 vote. when you look at 2018, the suburbs were on philadelphia critical and rned out big for democrats. >> woodruff: amy walter, tamera keith, thank you. >> you're wcome. >> woodruff: now we take a look at an acclaimed program that pports artists who turn discarded items into diverse and significant works. special correspondent cat wise has our report, part of our "canvas" series on arts and culture. >> reporter: in a drab industrial building in sa francisco, a lively crowd of art enthusiasts gathered recently for the opening of an exhibition. in many ways, it was a typical art show. pieces were studied and

diussed. >> i love theseolors. >> reporter: but the work on display was not typical. every material used, from the colorful paints to the wood frames, came from a site just steps awaythe city dump. >> my process is always messy and dirty. arso, it wasn't really toof a stretch for me. >> reporter: markaugh-sasaki was one of the two local artists featured. his creations were the culminion of a four-month" artist in residence" program at dsan francisco's waste an recycling company, recology. >> that piece is called "mule." it is humorous, t it's also kind of thinking about travel and migration, about what people carry with the >> reporter: for nearly 30 ars, this unique program which is funded by recology and ratepayers, has been a well- lod part of the bay area a scene. but in recent years, the message that emerges from the art--ab t our consumption and waste habits, has taken on new urgency

as the city strives to divert 100% of discarded items from landfills. about 170 professional and student artists have gone through competitive rency. they are given a studio space, a small monthly stipend, and access to an area of the dump known as the "public recycling and reuse area." here at san francisco's recology waste processing fility, 3,000 tons of compost garbage and cycling materials are discarded every day. like most dumps, it's smelly and dirty, but it is here where artists find materials for their wo. as we followed along, baugh- saski and fellow resident artist leah rosenberg found several interesting items they pulled from the heap. >> is this hdy? >> yeah, actually. look at that, it's a toy for different locking mechanisms.

>> reporter: what was the scavenging procouess like for >> overwhelming at times. when we first came there wasig veryactivity, i think there were a lot of building projects. i'm from san francisco antd a of the houses that i grew up in are a lot of those materials that are kind of showing u here. you become excited about those materials. but you'relso thinking about how the city is changing, and you're thinking about all these different things as you're out there. so it's a very layered experience. >> rllorter: over the years, a types of art have been created from san franciscans' trash. sculptures including a life-size hummer made of styrofoam, prints, large installations, puppets, fashion... ♪ ♪n ...and esymphony performed on instruments made from discarded items. >> we can get people exced about recycling, because we're not pounding them over the head, telling them to recycle.

they come to the opening and they see that the artiave transformed these materials, and so hopefully, you know, we're transforming their habits and their minds. >> reporter: deborah munk is the director of the program. she says while one of the main goals is to reduce waste, the art that is created should be taken seriously. >> we're not a junk art prforam, we're nound art program, we're an internationally renowned art program where many of the artists have never workei with found matals. and so, this is their first experience, and so they have a challenge of, you kn they don't get to go out and buy what they need, they have to respond to whatever comes their way. >> rorter: for artist leah rosenberg, whose love of color is edent in all her work, wh came her way caught her by surprise.re >> so weeks into the residency i found my own personal garbage. >> reporter: the year before rosenberg had created an installation at san francisco museum with colorful cakes.

the stands were discarded by an independent vendor and had found their way into the trash before her. doeshis mean that this is a moment where i have to just watch them go, or is this sort of a responsibility as an artist to turn this thing into something lasting? and i picked the second. >> reporter: she managed to get 40 of the original 80 stands out, and their tops became her canvas. >> i was inspired by watching the staff at the household hazardous waste mix the paint, all of the colors were mixing ie er, but not as a whole solid. my goal was... my golden was to make the most beautiful and lasting series of paintings that i could.

>> reporter: recology now has similar progms in portland and seattle. and in san francisco, a new crop of artists is turning trash into treasu n. for the "pshour," i'm cat wise. >> woodruff: a symphony from instruments created from the trash. you have to love it. tonight, i'm judy woodruff. for all of us at the "pbs newshour," we thank you and tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us oli and again here tomorrow evenis . for all oft the pbs newshour, thank you and see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a ne languake spanish, french, german, italian, and more. babbel's 10-15 minute lessons are available as an app, or online. more information on babbel.com. >> for projects around the house, home r advilps find local pros to do the work. you can check ratings, read customer reviews, and book appointments with pros online at homeadvisor.com.

home advisor is proud to support pbs newshour. >> financial services firm raymond james. >> bnsf railway. >> consumer cellular. >> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, technology, and improved economic performance and financial literacy in the 21st century. >> supported by the john d. and catherine t. macarthur itundation. cod to building a more just, verdant and peaceful world. more information at macfound.org >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by

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♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ -t on "america's test kitchen," elle and julia reveal the secrets to perfect falafel, jack challenges bridget to a tasting of canned chickpeas, and becky makes bridget a showstopping moroccan lentil and chickpea soup. it's all coming up right here on "america's test kitchen."