captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight: with both flooding and trade crises at hand, president trump unveils another aid package for u.s. farmers, to offse financial losses caused by his trade battle with china. then, i sit down with 20at20 demo presidential ndidate senator kirsten gillibrand of new york. and, caregivers-- many of whom are immigran-- provide t crucial work of tending to the elderly. but they are vulnerable to wage theft, and some have been paid as little as $2 an hour. s >>ome of our immigrant clients are unfamiliar with what the law requires, and even if they know what their rights are, are scared to come forward. >> woodruff: all that and more, on tonight's pbs newshour.

>> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> b pbel. a languagram that teaches real-life conversatlans in a new uage, like spanish, french, italian, german, and more. babbel's ten to 15 minute lessons are ailable as an app, or online. more information on babbel.com. >> kevin. >> kevin! >> kevin? >> advice for life. life well-planned. a learn moreraymondjames.com. >> bnsf railway. >> consumer cellular. >> home advisor.

>> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporti science, technology, and improved economic performance and financial literacy in the 21st century. >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security. at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for puic broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you.

>> woodruff: after a hold-up that lasted for months, the u.s. senate has overwhelmingly passed a funding bill to help communities hit by natural disasters. the vote was 85 to 8. the house is expected to quickly dfollow suit, and the preent said today that he will sign it. the newshour's white house correspondent yamiche alcindor has been tracking the debate, and joinme now. so, yamiche, you have been following this. there's a lot in this bill. ive us a sense of whais. >> well, this is a require by parents bill aimed at impacting areas and helping areas impact bid natural disasterst. there's $19.1 billion i disaster relief for parts to have the united states hit by hurricanes, flooding and wierdle, going to the southea, midwest, california and the as well as some parts of the military for damaged baile's. th also $1.4 billion for puerto rico to help with th recovery from hurricane maria that hit the island in 20176789

that was also a big sticking point for president trump who s against giving this money to puerto rico and e $4.5 billion funding for u.s.-mexico border. that's another concession by president trump because he said he wanted to get immigration money in this bill. he said he was told he would be able to get the immration money in a separate bill. lisa desjardins, our capitol hill correspondent, says she thinks the bill could be sent to the president as early as tomorrow afternoon. >> woodruff: the president was saying he woul democrats on anything as long as the house continues to investigate him. the war of words between the president and speaker pelosies lated today. >> now, this time, another temper tantrum.r again, i pray e president of the united states. i wish that his family or his administration or his staff would have an intervention, for the good of the country. the white house is just crying

d t for impeachment. that's why he flipsterday. >> she said i walked into the room right next door yesterday, and walked in and started screaming and yelling. st the opposite. st the opposite. crazy nancy, i tell you what. i've been watcer, and i have been watching her for a long period of time. t.e's not the same person. she's lost >> woodruff: so a remarkable war of words, yamiche. we've seen it before. this brings it to new level. what does this mean? >> well, the attack between esident trump and congressional democrats keep getting more and more personal. this disaster relief bill was largelyc oapitol hill behind closed doors with lawmakers on the hill being able to talk to each other, the president maki concessions. but when you go withto the president and the democrats, they' add odds andt's getting worse and worse. the president is using insults and going after docrats saying they're bitter about 2016, that they really wanted to impeach

him. on the democrats side they say he's actinesg unentle and is not fit for the office. source inside the whusite ho and on capitol hill means the gridlock iwashington could get worse. iois could hold up bills including immigrand infrastructure which are already longshots, will just get hard>>. oodruff: it has gotten very personal. yamiche alcindor, thank you. >> thanks. in the day's other news, parts of missouri, including the capital city, are in disaster mode after a barrage of tornadoes. they struck during the eaght, and left and heavy damage. amna nawaz has our report. >> nawaz: twisters darkened the missouri evening sky... >> there's a tornado right there,anie. >> nawaz: ...and after nightfall, lightning strikes and waiirlings signaled the oncoming danger. daylight revealed heavy damage in jefferson city, the state capital. a tornado had ripped apart homes and enti neighborhoods, leaving families to dig through the wreckage.rs

at a car dealep, mangled vehicles lay flipped over and rows of new cars sat damaged or destroyed. carrie tergen is mayor of jefferson city. >> there were many residents who lost their homes, who lost portions of their homes, who had significant damage to their homes. it'seen a trying day. it's been hard, and we've had to look at each other and cry and hug each other and say,no you k what, we're going to get through this together. >> nawaz: no one was killed i jefferson city, but 150 miles away, in golden city, a tornado ok three lives. missouri governor mike parson said it could have been even worse.e >>re very fortunate last night that we didn't have more injuries than what we had, and we didn't have more fatalities across the state. plenty of people doing everything they could toarn people, the general public, to take to safety, and a lot of people did. >> nawaz: the severeer moved in from eastern oklahoma, where surging loood water tore e two barges in the arkansas river. they struck a dam just aboveto e of webbers falls, but the

dam remained intact. not far away, officials in tulsa warned of more flooding along a river. >> you should anticipate, by the end of the day today, the water being in your area, if you're in tulsa county. >> nawaz: earlier this week, severe flooding sent homes collapsing into the cimarron river, north of oklahoma city. others were left hanging by a edread as the current carv deep into the shoreline. and, dozensto of tornadoere through swaths of the southernfr plains oneida, kansas to des moines, iowa. all this damage comeafter months of severe weather and flooding in the region. and, the high waters may be a persistent reality. the u.s. climate prediction iknter says above-average precipitation isy in the coming weeks. for the pbs newshour, i'm amna nawaz. >> woodruff: in shington, the u.s. justice department filed a new, 18-count indictment against wikileaks founder julian

assange. it accuses him of publishing thousands of secret documents. the u.s. is seeking to extradite assangfrom britain. sweden also wants to extradite him, on a rape charge. the pentagon formalntly pre plans to the white house today for sending reinforcements to the middle east, amid tensions with iran. earlier, acting defense secretary patrick shanahan disputed reports that it might s.volve 10,000 troop >> that is not the number. what we're focused on right now is, do we ha the right force protection in the middle east? as soon as that changes, i promise but those numbers are not correct. >> woodruff: shanahan said any additional forces would focus on protecting u.s. troops already in the region. in india, the ruling hindu

nationalist party, the b.j.p., headed for a landslide election victory today. the world's largest decracy voted in phases over six weeks.o day, prime minister narendra modi greeted supporters during a celebration in new delhi. the b.j.p. was projected to add to its majority in parliament. voting began today in elections for the european parliament, with far-right parties looking to make gains. polls opened first ihe netherlands, and then in britain. originally, britain pnned to leave the european union in march, but has so far failed to agree on the terms.vo ng across europe runs through sunday. back in this country, federal prosecutors charged chicago banker stephen calk with bribery for allegedly trying to trade loans for a top job in the trump administration. they said former trupaign chair paul manafort pushed calkr for secrof the army, after getting $16 million in loans. calk didot get the job.

and, on wall street, oil prices and tech stocks plunged again, and triggered a new sell-off. the dow jones industrial average lost 286 points to close at 25,490. the nasdaq fell 122 points, and the s&p 500 slid 34. 1%l three indexes were down still to come on the newshour: the trump administration anunces billions of dollar for farmers to ease the pain of the trade war. a u.s. citizen who joined the taliban is released from prison, raising questions of how to handle once-radicalized americans. siing down with democratic presidential candidate kirsten gillibrand. and, much re. >> woodruff: farmers have been

among the americans hardest hit by the united states trade war with china. william brangham reports, with no end in sight, the trump administration today unveiled a second emergen aid plan to offset agriculture losses. >> brangham: the trump administration will spend $16 billion to help farmers impacted by chinese tariffs and this ongoing trade war, topping last year's aid package. secretary of agriculture sonny perdue says farmers can expect direct payments startis summer. for more on this, and the larger problems facinfarmers, i'm joined by delaney howell, host of iowa public television's agriculture program, "market to market." delaney, thank you very much for being here. the president announced the big $16 billion package today, and thiseems to just be an acknowledgment that this ongoing trade fight wh china has hurt some farmers, and now the president wants to try to help them out. >> absolutely, william. you've got it spot on there.

i mean, the president has said from the beginning, he's nkologized to the farm community, and i tou see that reiterated again today with the announcement of today's assistance package. >> and what is your sense from -- i know you have been talking to farmers throughout this process. how do they react when these -- this is now the second big packe the president offered. what's their reaction to this? >> this sentiment in regards the ceassistackage, in errticularly, is they'd pref trade. the sentence used is trade not aide. they'd want to tradwith these countries and prefer trade but they are thankful that, attend of the day, the president recognizes and is offering an olive branch to the farming community. >> they obviously have been hurt directly by these tariffs. is there a sense among the faing community that this aid is enough, that this will help

them get through >> that is to be seen. we've seendorff 2018 a lot of producers going out of business, especially in h the dairy community in wisconsin in have been those folk hit very hard and i know that, across the midwest as well, the rug habeen pulled out from many, many farmers so i think it's to be seen really how much of an impact is assistance package will help rural america because ere are so many details left in the unknown at this point, william. >> the president seems to be indicating and said as much today that this fight with china is going to be short-livednd in the end worth the fight. do farmers share the sensof optimism that, in the end, that was the right fight to fight? >> i thitnk this point farmers still very largely feelen prestrump has their bust interests at heart. however, i would counter that this latest round of aide package, to me, indicates that this is not a short fight to

fight, this is an indication that, perhaps, we're going to se this trade war or trade battle with china drawn out for anotuple of months, maybe another year or so, and that'sy think, part and parcel,em the annout of the latest assistance package. perdue said president trump wants to help farmers but because to have the trade squirmish, we're not close to ae . i think it's a rushed decision. the rushed thing released finally >> of course, on top of the engoing trade fights, there have behese terrible storms and the floods and the sort ofer disathat the farming community have had to endure. we did see the annontunceat least seems there will be a disaster aid package coming, but for people not tuned in to the farming community in the u.s., what has this last year been like for them? >> this last year has been very hard on the farming community

and i know the's probably a lot of east and west coast folks watching this program tonight. the folks in the midwest are struggling. the agriculture economy is usually the last one to have an influx in funds and the commodity markets, et cetera. we're kind of the last ones to feel the success that the general economy fee wls. le you see that the economy has a whole has been surging, jobs are sging, we're at a very low unemployment rate, i believe the lowest in almost 50 years, agriculture is not having the same success. we he had trade skirmishes that have directly impacted mpry ucers over the last year, really, and now, when you add in the latest weather iues, we are feeling those effects. >> and i know, lastly, there was some concern that some of this aid package might, in fact, steer farmers to planting crops they wouldn't have otherwise planted. caexplain that dynamic? >> absolutely. so we're coming up here on

what's known as the final insunce plant date, so there are two dates important to farmers that vary by state andmm ity. corn has a different set of dates than coy soybeans and whea but once a proater hits the final deadline, for example in iowa the final corn plant deadline is may 31, sous we near the plant deadline, farmers may have to consider other operations in switching the airstrikes they intended to plant as corn acres now to soybean acres. so it's been coupled with today's announcement that the assistance package is o payment rate per county, regardless to have the tymmo so as producers are figuring out the balance sheets and whatco odities they're going to plant, they're pushed now by weather as the fal crop insurance dates are quickly approaching. ly add thathis n assistance package released today, folks, if those acres do not get planned, they will not be eligible for the assistance

package that's president trump and the usda announced today. >> delaney howell of iowa public television, thank you so much. >> thank you. w druff: john walker lindh, the man who became known as "american taliban," was released from federal prison today for teod conduct, three years short of his 20-year se. lawmakers and trump administraon officials today criticized the move, saying he was still an extremist. and, as nick schifrin reports, his release brings up larger questions of how the u.s. deals with convictedadicals. >> schifrin: he was disoriented, and used his adopted name: >> abdul hamid.if >> sn: but john walker lindh was unmistakably american. >> my father? my father's name, you mean? it was frank. >> schifrin: lindh was a 20-year-old ameran who'd become an american enemy,

captured alongside taliban fighters in late 2001. he was born in california, grew up in washington, d.c., and converted to islam. in 2000, he traveled to this religious school in pakistan to udy quran. and then he crossed the border into afghanistan, to volunteer to fight for taliban. he arrived at the front on september 6, just before 9/11. oh was captured in december, and c.i.a. officer jy "mike" spann interrogated him in video filmed by afghan intelligence. >> hey, look at me. do you know the people that you're here working with are terrorists? >> schifrin: shortly after,is proners, including lindh rioted, and spann was killed.la enforcement brought lindh back to face charges in spann's death, but in a plea bargain, he only admitted to illegally supporting the taliban. this week, spann's daughter alison wrote to president trump requesting lindh not be released. she spoke to abc news: >> he's responsible in some part for the ath of my father, and so for him to be released early,

just was unbelievable. >> schifrin: that shock was echoed today by secretary of state mike pompeo: >> schifrin: in 2002, lindh released a statement saying he "never understood jihad to mean anti-americanism or terrism. i condemn terrorist on every nmvel, unequivocally." but two u.s. govt assessments since then concluded lindh has made pro-isis comments, and "contied to advocate for global jihad and to write and translate violent extremist texts." lindh was released on certain conditions. he cannot possess an internet- capable devicepe without ission or constant monitoring. he cannot view or access extremist or terrorist material, or communicate with extremists. and, he must undergo mental health counseling. that leads to b how should the u.s. release convicted extremists?

m?d should the u.s. try to de-radicalize t kevin lowry recently retired as chief probation offer for the u.s. district court in minnesota. he established the only de-radicalization program in the country for accused extremists. kevin lowry joins me now. thank you very much, welcome to the "newshour". sut's start with those who rvised release conditions for john walker lindh. are those sufficient toake sure that lindh or anyone like him who has been conedvif these crimes doesn't stay radical in the fute? >> well, i don't think that they're foolproof and that there's 100% guarantee anything. what we do is we set up conditions to monitor, provide monitoring, surveillance, correctional treatment throughout the course of supervision, throughout watching behavior very closely we'll know and monitor how people are doing under supervision. we never take people's word for what they are doing or their

commitment, but wech their actions, and, therefore, those conditions are paramount and both public safety and ensuring that there is correctional or reharehabilitative treatment for extremists. >> there is an irony, it ses to me. the u.s. actually funds deradicallization programs overseas, as you knoyo, because u visited some of those programs overseas. there is no national u.s. deradicallization program, even though abot 80 or 90 convicted terrorists will be released i the next few years. so do you think it's possible to take the program that you did in minnesota, make it a national program? >> i believe that it's possible, that it could be a f mod national programming. i think each community i different, it has different challenges based on the circumstances. we have large immigrant population that creates a certain challenge for us and other communities have diffneret chals, and they have large groups of white extremists, for

example. those are also terrorism cases and will need to be addressed in the same fashion that other extremism or terrorism is addressed. but i think that we're on the right track, but we need focus and funding. right now, when you're talking abart a country asge as the united states and you can talk about just a few efforts or programs across the country, that's not a good situation to be in considering the number of defendants and offenders that we have coming through ou system. when you look at the u.k., the prevent program, when i visited with them, they h a $67 million a year budget and a lot of both government programs and non-government programs funded as a result of that in the area of dealing with extremist cases. >> there's also the question ofn gration or perhaps even integration. john walker lindh, for example, left the u.s. en he was a teenager, has been in prison for 17 years. he needs anpament, he needs a job. talk about the challenges of

integration, how important is it to have infrastructure to help people like lindh, like pele who have been convicted of these crimes who are going to be released? >> well, i think it's important to note that as probation pre-trial servurices, this is profession. we do this with a number of high-risk and ernumber of dit types of offenders that range from sex offenders to cartel, and now we have a growing group of extremist or terrorism cases that are coming out, that's our profession. we need to expand our knowledge and our base of community resources with mentors, counseling and community services that are focd on extremist cases, and that's a challenge because there'not a lot of incentive throughout the united states for programs to be involved in that type of programming, as much as thereha been, per se, substance abuse programming. just very quickly, do you

believe there should be that kind of programming nationally? >> no, i think it's very important, and i think th there's going to need to be a lot of funding put out, and it's going to have toe a commitmen to where it studies funding over a long period of time it's not a quick fix. i think it's going to be even five years before we see is the program that we're using currently working, what adjustments are being de and what kind of funding will be ustmenble to make adj and, if we lose sight of that, khen we'll continue to as ourselves these same questions every time there's a catastrophic eventwhich, unfortunately, has become our new normal. >> kevin lowry, who established the first deradicallization program for accused extremist from minnesota, thank you very much. >> you're welcome. >> woodruff: stay with us. coming up on the newshour:

america's caregivers are lnerable to wage theft and exploition at the hands of their employers. the wreck of the last slave ship that sailed to the u.s., discovered at last. and, marine biologist sylv earle gives her "brief but spectacular" take on why the planet's oceans matter to us all. among the 23 democratic candidates running fordent in 2020, oneyos ne senator kirsten gillibrand. over the course ofha a decade, shbecome a key voice in the chamber, on issues like gender equality, and changin m how the u.itary handles sexual assault cases within its ranks. in recent campaign appearances, she has put a heavy emphasis abortion rights. and, senator gillibrand is here with me now, to discuss her 2020 bid. welcome to the "newshour". >> thank you, judy. >> woodruff: so ase said, almost two dozen democrats going after the nomination. why kirsten gillibrand?

>> well, i thinkar american brave every day, fighting for their families just to make ends meet. i think president trump has made their lives harder with more barriersand i'm running for president because i'm going to fight for them. i'm going to make sure that they have am oice and going to take on the corruption and greed and the root of all the problems in washington in order to make sure they can have healthcare as a right and not a privilege. taken to the insurance companies, take on the drug companies, making sure we have better public schools aco debt-freege through national public service, and make sure they have better job training so they can work their way into the. middle claand take on employment. so my vision of the country is a little different. i have the experience and the ability to get things done. >> woo speaking of experience, you have been in the senate for 12 years, or in the house and senate. you represent the fourth most

populous state in the country. new york, you announced in january, but you are still, to be political, you are still lagging in the pollsehind people like kamala harris, pete g,ttigieou're having a hard time raising money with the so-called small dollar donors. what do you think is holding you up >> we're actually doing well in the polls. i'm excited to take my message to places like iowa,w mpshire, south carolina and nevada, and i'm excited's about whappened in the last several weeks. we are galvanizing support and exieptd in this part of the campaign. i mentioned thatyou made abortion rights something that yore foced on. you've talked about making it a litm test for appointing judges, but should abortion rights also be a litmus test for the democratic p pty? should tty, for example, give money to candidates at any level if they are not pro

abortion rights, if they'o-re fe? >> from my perspective, i will support candidas that are pro-choice that look at me and you and say that we deserve uality, that we deserve basic civil rights,c reprotive rights, human rights, and i don't have a lot of tolerance r democratic candidates who don't share those basic values because they are literally saying i don't have the right to make the most intimate life and death decisions about when i'm having children, w many children i'm having, under what circumstances i'm having. so voters can have any perspective they want, of course, and everyone also ha their own personal views on issues of reproductive care. but i think as a party we need to value women, stand up for women, andnk don't thie should be supporting candidates that don't. >> woodruff: the current trade war with china, as you and sit here today, the financial markets are showing nervousness about what's ging on, markets are down several hundred points. you've said that china needto

be held accountable for what you called its greedy practices, but you said america deserve a strategy not a tantrum. >> right. >> woodruff: so what exactly would you do to hold china accountable? >> so, obviously, china does app lot of really aggressive anti-fair competitive trade practicest they duml on the market, they manipulate their currency, they steal ip. they have a lot of unfair trade practices, and we have the hold them accountable because the truth is their practices harm america hworkers. e a massive trade thbalance and, under president trump, trade imbalance has actually gotten worse. so he is not interested in having fair trade in country, he's just interested in fighting, and that fighting sounds mining ourbility to sell our goods and services

worldwide. we've heard from producers across the country that they'd normally have markets abroad and in china an and, because of present trump's trade war, they can't sell their soybeans or ethanoor corn or pork. >> woodruff: spervelings what would you do differently? -- specifically, what would you do differently? >> i would engar ge lies and have conversations with how we enforce bad trade practices and how we hold chiouna accable. we can use the wto, we can use multi-laterallism to affect a different outcome on how they deal with competitors and the world economy, and i would hold them accountable, would prosecute these cases of dumping of steel, andsu i would make that we do have appropriate tariffs where necessaryo rebalance the balance of trade. >> woodruff: back to your

advocacy f women. you're making direct appeal to women voters, childuccare, reprive rights, fair payment you've also been outsken on meet o andhink there's a consensus that #metoo has been beneficial, but the fact that you were the first senator to call for senator al franken to resiergn afte was accused of groping has left some democrats saying you went too far, considering he was not guilty of something like whatrv weinstein did. do you believe, looking back on this, that it would have been better to have th go t ethics committee, to let the voters of minnesota cide his fate? >> well, that was senator franken's decision. if he waed to go to the ethics committee, that is his right. if he wanted to wait for the next election, that's his right as well. my decision to not stay silent is also my responsibility as a u.s. senator. given that he had eight credible allegations that were corroborated in realtime for groping and forcible kissing,

two since he was app senator, and an able to one that came to light was a congressional staffer. and i've led on these issues of ending sexual assault, sexual harassment, changing employment agreements to give women more c rights, soldn't remain silent. i'm also a mother of boys and i have a 15-year-old boy named theo at home and the conversations were, mom, why are you being so tough on senator franken? and i said, thee o it's not okay to grope a womanhe anyw on her body without her consent, it's not okayco fibly kiss a woman ever without her consent, it's not okay for you for senator franken. but if you very high profile democratic donors are unwilling to support my campaign for president, that's on them. but i have a responsibility. i stood with eight women who feel they were oped and forcibly kissed by senator franken inappropriately and spoke ou i stood with them and, again, if

our party is going to punish men who stand up for other we ae are abso going in the wrong direction. >> woodruff: you acknowledge this has huryou politically? >> i stand up for what i believe in. one of the reasons i'm runnin dy, is i take on the fights that other people won't. i've taken on the pentagon twice, first over sexual assaults in the military and don't ask don't tell repeal. to actually begin to have gay rights in this country, the first piece of legislation to make sure lgbtq ericans can serve and not be discriminated against. ive taken on cons, my earmarks, disclosure and taxes, first presidential candidate to put all years ofaxs online for public service and also passing bills to stop the culture corruption in washington, makinr insidede big member of congress illegal.

i think we need a brave president, someone who will stand up to do the right thing because the truth isf you're not willing to take on corruption at the root, corruption and greed and everything anthat defi washington, you will not pass healthcare, you in never pass the greernld green new deal, you will not attack global climate change, you will not do any of the things i want to do and so many people in this country need sne. it just show, judyetimes it's hard. and when you're unwilling to a led do the brave thing when it's hard, you won't be a strong president. i bring people together electoralnd legislatively and you need both. >> woodruff: are you saying senator franken is part of thact uption? >> no, but speaking out against a colleague that you respect and admire and we are friends is really hard, and you do it because it's not easy, it not expedient, it's not politically helpful, it's difficult, but, judy, i value women. we as democrats are the party of

women. we just flipped the house of representatives because 120 democratic women ran for congress. we're bold, we're brave and won. i stand up for women, and i challenge any democrat running for president that are unw to stand up for women, unwilling to value women. who are weas a party? >> woodruff: senator kirsten gillibrand running for the demoatic nomination, thank you. >> thank you, judy. vi >> woodruff: ping for the elderly has become a multi-billion dollar industry, with about 29,000 residential care facilities operating across the country. but, a new investigation by reveal, from the center for investigative reporting, has found that somof these facilities are profiting by exploiting caregivers, effectively paying them as little as $2 an hour to work around the clock. jennifer gollan has the story.

>> reporter: julie ridutndknows first-he true costs of the long hours required for elder care. >> we get up at, like, 5:00 to prepare their breakfast; 7:00 we start helping them bathing and agiene. >> reporter: she wive-in caregiver who expected to work around 12 hours a day, but says in reality, the hours were much longer. >> my experience is like, 24 hours, seven days a week. $800. a month. >> reporter: that comes out to about $2 an hour. ridutawho now has a job with a different employer, says her pay herboss refused to more than that monthly sum, even when she worked extra hours. >> she explained that we have to be grateful of that $800, focause she's giving fre and free accommodation. libut we're sleeping in thng room, with no blanket, nothing.

>> reporter: nationwide, there are about ,000 residential care communities, not including nursing home many of these facilities are run by small-time entrepreneurs who have converted single family homes into assisted living facilities for seniors. they're touted as a lucrative business opportunity. >> i'm going to share with you how you can turn a single familf home into a caw machine. >> i found there was such demand for this busine the facility in 30 days. >> we call it "america's untapped business opportunity." >> reporter: these board and care homes vary in size, but in california, most are small, with six beds or le. they're often cheaper than nursing homes, but cquan be profitable for operators. but in some cases, it's at the expense of caregivers, who have little leverage when they complain about being underpaid. >> asking, like, "we heard that there's minimum wage," something like that. then she g mad. "if you guys are not happy here,

you're welcome to ge. out of my ho >> some of our immigrant clients are unfamiliar with what the law requires, and even if they knht what their rare, scared to come forward. >> reporinifred kao is a civil rights lawyer who's combating what some legal scholars areuralling inde servitude. >> a lot of what we sein this industry is workers being paid a flat monthly salary for all the work. >> reporter: som who worked for the owner of these care homes in california, were paid3. as little as an hour, while amassing a fortune for the young owner, stephanie costa.>> 've had this thing of taking care of older people, like sick people who are dying. i've always really felt for them. >> reporter: in 2013, costa described her success on the reality tv show, "their millionae matchmaker." >> my name is stephanie, and i'm 30 years old, and i own a chain of elderly care facilities.

my net worth is $3 to $4 million, probably. >> i think it was frustrating and startling for us to see that on the one hand, she wasn't even paying her workers the minimum wage. and yet to find t she's on a tv sho, bragging about being a millionaire. >> reporter: soon after depearing on tv, california's labor regulator d stephanie costa and her company to pay about $1.6 million for unpaiged waand penalties. but that didn'disrupt costa's lifestyle in beverly hills. she kept this home after filing for bankruptcy, and settled with workers for a fraction of what she owed her six care homes are now owned by a property investmenterompany registed by her father. stephanie costa is tpany's c.e.o. en i paid a visit to her, she stonewalled. stephanie, we've tried to reach you about the exploitation of your caregivers, but you've refused to answer our questions,

and i'd like to offer you the opportunity to comment. >> i'm sorry, i think you have the wrong house, ma'am.or >> rr: reveal found 1,400 cases nationwide where care okme operators minimum wage or other labor laws, and in many casesde, the l department of labor ordered that workers be compensated foolen wages. aia genove was among those cases. her boss stole from her, twice. she took us to the bank of america, where her employer forced her to sh checks worth $5,600 for back wages, and then give it all right back to him. >> i'm ally mad at him. that's my check, that's my money, so it should be mine. >> reporter: her employers, rommel and glenda publico, pleaded not guilty to multiple felonies, including and theft and tax fraud. rommel publico defended the treatment of his caregivers, telling us they were "likae family," but he refused to go on camera. thdepartment of labor also

declined an interview, but in a written statement, a spokespersonaid the agency has conducted "extensive outreach" to ensure operators "pay their woers the wages they have legally earned." ver theu aware that o last decade, there have been 1,400 cases of wage theft across the u.s.? >> i certainly wouldn't doubt that there may be such a situation. but i think it's pretty isolated. >> reporter: ron simpson, a founding director of 6beds, a group representing small care facilities in california, tnks most do a good job. >> the caregivers were really happy with their situation in most cases. >> reporter: why were they happy? >> because thehad a place where they could live, and they loved what they were doing. they were fulfilled by enriching somebody else's life.or >> rr: but that is not what i found in dozens of interviews with workers who wera to speak up. their bosses have threatened to fire them or report them to immigration. some feared for their safety. >> because of the millions involv on the part of the employer, i'm scared of my life.

>> reporter: this worker is a witness in one of the largest cases involving residential care wage theft. >> i wanted to quit, but i needed the job i needed to survive. >> reporter: while working for the operator of th she says she rarely had time to stop and eat. >> i wasn't happy. i was crying althtime. eswanted to go home. i oned, why am i in this profession? >> reporter: her forr employer, adat shalom board and care, has been cited by state regulators for more than $7 million for upaid wages and penalties involving almost 150 workers. the care home company has appealed, denied any wronging, and refused further comment. simpson says these sorts of pay rasputes arise from caregivers just not keeping of when they're off the clock. >> caregivers willpend lots of time just doing their own personal stuff whie they're in me, on their phones, texting, maybe even texting back

home toheir families. but they're not logging in and logging out whthey do that. >> reporter: he says the solution is educating care home owners on labor la tws. to ss in action, we attended a conference his group 6beds organized. >> so to me, the live-in model, if done right, is a win-win. >> reporter: george kutnerian, senior vi tells care home operators that having a single live-in caregiver is a good way to save money on payroll. >> you want your workers who stay overnight on the premises to be classified as live-in so that you can take advantage of that, because otherwise you're going to find yourself in the 24-hour worker boat. and that's going to involve more payment. >> reporter: operators must pay a live-in caregiver when onal duty, but noys for sleep time and breaks. >> but basically, we need to make sure that they get, get-- they have an opportunity to get five hours of sl the five hours don't need to be continuous. >> reporter: pat mcginnis, from

california advocates for nursing home reform, says that when n,regivers are worked to the point of exhaustt affects patients. >> it has a terrible effect on resident care when yo4 have to workurs a day with no reprieve. >> reporter:quhe says the ements to operate a care facility in california are far too lax. you need more training to be a manicurist, to do somebody's nails, than you doo run a residential care facility for the elderly. servitude.ndentured >> reporter: congresswoman rosa delauro says regulators need the sources to crack down on wage theft. >> the department of lbor is being hollowed out so that it cannot perform the function that it is established to be able to perform, to protect works and to make sure that they are not getting ripped off by their employers. >> reporter: an appropriations bill she introduced would booste ral funding to enforce labor laws. it passed in the house appropriations committee, and

will now go to the house floor. caregivers such as julie riduta hope the bill will forcepe unscrupuloustors to face tougher consequences. >> when they abuse animals, you can end up being in a jail. and we're human beings, so i fean like worse than als! >> reporter: meanwhileca, givers around the country will connue to push to be paid fairly and treated wh dignity, for the crucial services they provide. for pbs newshour, i'm jennif gollan, in san francisco, california. >> woodruff: and you can find the full investigation by the center for investigative reporting at www.revealnews.org. >> woodruff: the remains of the last slave ship that came to

america have been found. the schooner, "clotilda," brought 110 africans to u.s. shores in 1860, decades after it was illegal to import slaves e to the country. those slaves were st of an estimated 389,000 africans delivered into bondage in mainland america from the early 1600s to 1860. the wreckage of the boat was found in alabama's mobile river. megan thompson has been reporting on the search, the history and the meaning of it for those slaves' descendants. here's her latest report >> we are at the upper end of mobile bay. this is the route that i"clotilda" took on its it, illegal voyage to bring people here to alabama to enslave them. isreporter: james delgado a historian and maritimeol archaeogist who has researched the history of this inlet on alaboaama's southern. delgado says mobile bay has been

an important place for trade for centuries. >> the trade that ultimately changes everything is cott. by the time the civil war breaks out,obile is exporting over half a million tons of cotton. it's the basis of the entire economy, not just for the mobilu area, no for alabama, but for the entire south. >> reporter: in 1860, buying and selling slaves was still legal, and slave labor was inhigh demand. n t, importing slaves had been illegal for more t years. a wealthy mobile landowner named timothy meaher made a bet he could pull off an illegal run to africa, where slaves were much cheaper than in america. meaher paid captain william foster to sail the "clotilda" to what was then the kingdom of y.home foster purchased just over 100 slaves and returned to alabama,i sneakio mobile bay, and then north into the mobile

river,conder thr of night. >> the next part of the story, and we don't know much about it other than a few carefully chosen words by the perpetrators: "i en took my schooner and burned and sank it," says captain foster. >> reporter: last year, after verong winds pushed water to extreme lows in the mobile river, a journalist fo alabama news website al.com found a shipwreck in the area where the "clotilda" is believed to have been burrtned. ex including james delgado, were called in. but delgado says he could she right away thipwreck was too big to be the "clotilda." delgado and others knew they were close. the alabama historical commission ctinued to team up with delgado's company, called search, inc., the national geographic society, the smithsonian institution and the slave wrecks project, to do a full-scale assessment of a section of the mobile river. they found a better candidate beneath the muddy wars. >> there's one target in

particular that stands out. it's roughly theame size as "clotilda." 86 feet long and 23 ide, according to the registration documents. frames of oak, as wellths planks of sn yellow pine, fasteners all made of iron. we haven't seen a single rastener yet made of copper o brass. we've got a ship of the right size in what we think is the right place. at this stage where we're at, this could be "clotilda." >> reporteter: yesterday, th announced they had found the "clotilda." in africatown, ani small commuty in north mobile of about 2,000 people, founded by slaves who came on "clotilda," it's a powerful moment for residents and descendents. >> we think that wou be one of

the most historic finds in america, not just in africatown. the whole story becomes lie and becomes truth. >> we need to tell it and expose it to the whole world. >> reporter: for the pbs newshour, i'm megan thompson. >> woodruff: and our thanks to megan for that report. ar >> woodruff:e biologist sylvia earle has spent more than four decades at the forefront of ean exploration. and, at 83, she shows no signs of slowing down. earle was the first female chief scientist of the u.s. national oceanic and atmospheric

administration, and was named "hero of the planet" in 1998 by "time" magaz "e. in tonightief but spectacular," she reflects on her passion for the ocean and the planet. >> the ocean got my attention when i was about three years old. a wave sneaked up behind me and knocked me off my feet and my mother, the mother of all mothers,nstead of racing out to take me outf the ocean forever, saw the big smile on my face and let me run back in and i've been running back in ever since. >> two words of instruction, "breathe naturally," and over the side i went. it took a few seconds, no more, i felt like i belonged there. four decades ago, i had a chance to do some research.

>> there is a new tool in the sea. it can withstand pressure up to 2,000 feet. dr. sylvia earle is a marine biologist. hequestion: can scientists use the jim suit for dives over 1,000 feet? if succeful, she will be the rst woman to walk the seafloor beyond 1,000 feet. >> we cooked up this idea of going on the nose of the submarine, like the ornament on the hood of a car, together, down to the bottom of the ocean, ep off at thould st maximum depth we could go, which turned out to be about 400 mers, 1,250 feet. creatures with lights down the side. they looked litle ocean thners, a little bioluminescent lights. e are various kinds of jellies and crustaceans and little squids and the fish. it's like diving into a galaxy of these lights. what's hard is getting peopleo understand why the ocean matters to them.

if the ocean dried up tomorrow, life would also dry up. that's where most of the action on earth is. it's 97% of the water on earth. they should know that with every breath they take, every drop of water they drink, the ocean is touching them. you should treat the ocean as il yoe depends on it, because it does. ia earle and this is my "brief but spectacular" take on why the ocean matters to all of us. an woodruff: she's amazing you can find additional "brief but spectacular" episodes e,on r websbs.org/newshour/brief. and also online, members of r "now read this" book club with the "new york times" inspired a great question: what's a book you love to get lost in? we share eight recommendations from readd s.

at is the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff.an join us onlineagain here tomorrow evening, with shields and david brooks. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you, and we'll see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> for projects around the house, home advisor helps find local pros to do t work. you can check ratings, read customer reviews, and book appointmentsith pros online at homeadvisor.com. home advisor is proud to support pbs newshour. >> babbel. a language program that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, italian, german, and more. babbel's ten to 15 minute lessons are available as an app, or online. more information on babbel.com. >> bnsf railway. >> consumer cellular. >> financial services firm

raymond james. >> and with the ofgoing support hese institutions >> this program was made possible by the corporatron for publiccasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgborg >> you're watching pbs.

hello,nd everyone, welcome to amanpour and company, here's what's coming up. >> the trump administration pening move for peace in the middle east. what to make of this and president trump's other foreign foray. i speak to an expert roundtable. plus. >> we're going to put a little fuel in your bus. >> an incredible donation wipes out loans for an entire graduating class, just how much student debt is crippling america. you. >> my first thought was free food. >> she sits down with walter isaacsohn to talk about