captioning sponsorwnet >> sreenivasan: on this edition tr sunday, may 26: presid trump downplays north korea missile launches. ae city of baltimore: und cyberattack from a tool built by the n.s.a. and in our signature segment: how phoenix arizona is conserving water for when the river runs dry. next on "pbs newshour weekend." >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: bernd and irene schwartz. sue and edgar wachenheim iii. seton melvin. the cheryl and philip milstein family. dr. p. roy vagelos and diana t. vagelos. the j.p.b. foundation. rosalind p. walter. barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding is provided

by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we're your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs rstation from vieike you. thank you. from the tisch wnet studios at lincoln center in new yorken hari sreivasan. >> sreenivasan: good evening and thanks for joining us.da it's the seconof president trump's state visit to japan, a day" called "productive but in a tweet about north korea early in the morning, he seemed tosee at odds with both japa prime minister shinzo abe and members of his own administration." north korea fired off some ndall weapons, which disturbed some of my people,thers, but not me." the president also seemed to embrace north korean chairmanm ng un's criticism of former vice president joe biden as being "a loi.q. individual." in an interview today, white house press secretary sarah

sanders stood by the president's criticism of biden. she also said that north korean tests of short-range ballistic missiles earlier this month p don't bother tsident. >> look, the president's focus in all of this process is on continuing the very good relationship that he has with chairman kim. and he feels good that the chairman will stay firm with the comm that he made to the president and move towards denuclearization. >> sreenivasan: president trump's comments on north korea undercut his own national security advisor, john bolton who told reporters yesterday that north korea's teslate u.n. resolutions. wh'te short-range missiles c reach the u.s., they could tentially reach japan. earlier this week, prime minist abe called for strengthening enforcement of those existi u.n. sanctions. the north korean tests also raised concerns among some members of his own party. >> i understand that the rtesident wants to maintain a relationship with korea so that we can work with them.

however, those strikes a disturbing. >> sreenivasan: today'events in japan also included a sumo wrestling tournament in tokyo where mr. trp presented " president's cup," an american- made trophy, to the tournament winner. tomorrow president trump will participate in bilateral meetings with japanese prime minister abe, and he and the first lady will meet the new emperor and empress of japan and attend a state banquet at the imperial palace. thousands marched in hong kong today to mark the upcoming 30th anniversary of the bloody clashes in beijing's tiananmen square between pro-democracy students and the chi military. they carried black coffins and wheeled white crosses in solidarity with those killed at tiananmen on june 3 and 4 in 89. demonstrators also carried yellow umbrellas as part of an ongoing protest against a proposed extradition law that would make it easier to send criminal suspects to mainland china. voters from 21 natiot to the polls today to cast their ballots in the final day of

european union parliamentary elections. the four days of voting began thursday across the 28-country european union. italy's anti-immigrant interior minister matteo salvini said that he felt a, "change in the air," with some polls showing .ains for populist and right- wing parti in the united kingdom, the brexit party, which thpports leavine.u., is expected to defeat both the labour and conservative parties. the european union and its parliament are responsibleor setting trade policy, regulating agriculture, overseeing antitrust enforcement, and setting monetary policy. ll election results are expected late tonight. rescuers in el reno oklahoma searched for survivors after a tornado killed at least two people yesterday and injured more than two dozen others just west of oklahoma city. the large tornado left a path of rubble and debris after destroying a motel, downing street lights, overturning cars, and striking a mobile home park. yesterday's tornado-related tragedy isn't the first for el no. in 2013, 21 people were killed by a tornado that measured 2.6

miles across-- the widest twister ever recorded. for more on europe'sy parliamentections and what they may mean for the european union visit pbs.org/newshour. >> sreenivasan: late last week, president trump neve attorney l william barr full authority to declassify information from all ittelligence agencies related "" surveillance acts" in the cassia investigation. the move has beeed unprecedented by former intelligence officials and hasok fears that it could weaken national security. joining me now from santa barbara special correspondent jeff greenfield. >> sreenivasan: jeff, the president has an idea that this entire thing, let's say the mueller report were thuits of his labors and with the tree itself is poison the surveillance activities that happened during the campaign at trump tower, et cetera they should be ferreted out, what is wro g to sayinghe attorney general goat the bottom of it and unclassify anything you need to? >> well, from the intelligenceen

es perspective, the danger is that you now have a political appointee of the president who if he is serving ts presiden political interests may bemi compng intelligence sources. where did this information come from? and if our adversaries were able to figure out whthe sources were, that could pose a rious, serious issue. the second thing i would say is, theris no dispute at all among any intelligence people that russia did, in fact, try to interfere with the election. the question is whether the h trump campai anything to do about it. and so if the goal of the presidenis to undercut that sential argument, you ce t w a war would begin, be set up between the presidd his political people and his own appointees in the intelligence operations. >> sreenivasan: but the intelligence operations had been utirly consistent througho this entire episode saying that there is a connection to russia, that russians did interfere, bu the president complete, completely different narrative and he has been selling thato

his followers and voters. >> that's right. the mueller report is clear about the sweeping nature of what the russians tried to do i0 . even the most ardent trump supporters i think on capil hill, the republicans, really won't push back on that so t is one of the questions that arises from all of this, to what extent is the information that thattorney general is prepared to declassify in the service of finding o what happened, or in the service of the president's political agenda? >> sreivasan: well, why i it so unusual, i mean, technically, the attorneyse generals haved at the pleasure of the president and been appointed, in these roles before what is so different about the types of powers that william barr might have access to now? >> yes, look, i think it is ry important to underline that point, either attorneys general do notome in as mutualob observers, rt kennedy was president kennedy's brother for heaven ass sake but now this is

the power to dlassify the information of the most sensitive sort and i don't think any attorney general has ever been gnted that power and to be blunt there are an awful lot of people who don't trust at least the president to make these decisions based on some broad notion that we have to find out what hapne remember, the whole argument of some of the trump's most ardsut orters this is all a deep state plot. d ese people that he called traitors have tr undermine him. and what i am most interested in observing is,ill gina haskell and dan coats the two key telligence appoint tease of trump push back on this, and if so, once again, what will the republicans on capitol h?l do will they institutionally defend the intelligence services or will they de with the president no matter what he decides to declassify? once again, hari, we are in more uncharted waters than, you know, the crew of conti can i and, conti can i and we don't know where this will lead because we haven't seen anything like this before. >> sreenivasan: jeff greenfield joining us from santa barbara tonight.so

thank youch. >> >> sreenivasan: over the past few weeks the city of baltimore has essentially shut down online after a massive cyber attack followed by a ransom demand which the city refuses to pay. but according to "the new york times," the malicious, software known as "eternal blue," used to attack baltimore and many other cities and businesses around the world was created not by criminals, but by the united states national security agency. reporter scott shane co-wrote "the new york times" story and he joins us now via skype from baltimore. >> sreenivasan: what does this piece of softwartdo? >> well,s only one component of the 0 software used to,ttack baltimo and baltimore is only one of multiple american cies and other places that have been attacked using eternal -- eternal blue, but eternal blue allows the malware, this badov software to laterally as

they say through a network from one mputer to another very quickly. and, you know, the experts we talked to said that eternal blue, the use of eternal blue in this case nsaa's software madeha attack worseit would have been otherwise. >> sreenivasan: when criminals use this now, they areitting somewhere else in the world and they lock up all of the computers and then they demand some sort of anmonesay, we are going to go ahead and release that information or we are going to take the locks off of this? >> exactly. and experts usually advise, you know, hectims likeity of baltimore, don't pay because even if you pay there is n guarantee that the criminals, wherever they are will, you know, relent and unlock the machines. a lot of city serves in baltimore have either been halted or greatly disrupted byk, this attnd, you know, the end is not near in terms of efte cts on baltimore of this attack. >> sreenivasan: if there wasem

any sort of agt around the world which automatically, as i say that sentencenk of how tryicult that might be, t and figure out a way to stop these attacks from happening, what is to say that government actors who are building these kinds of sof wtware toold even comply? >> nsa, onef its jobs in gathering intelligence is to break into foreign computer networks, go inside those computer networks and steal information, essentially. and all of the, you know, kind of advanced countries with big intelligence agencies, eavesdroppg agencies like nsa do this kind of work. and we were tolthat eternal onue, which was essentially base vulnerability in windows software, that nsa discovered some years ago, produced, you know, a tremendous

intelligence both in terms of espionage against other countries and in terms of counterterrorism. so it was very valuable for nsa to go into windows machines around the world, using this vulnerability. but then what happened was 2017, a still unidentified groul g itself the shadow brokers somehow got ahold of y nsa' know, cyber arsenal, including eternal blue, threw it up on the web for anyone toan grabsince then, you know, both state intelligence agencie and other, in other places and e iminals have been able to grab these tools and em for their own attacks. >> sreenivasan: scott shane from "the new york times" joining us via skype, thank you so much. >> thank you. >> >> sreenivasan: this paswinter the state of arizona passed a key piece of water legislation. it's called the drought contingency plan and it acknowledges the fact that the

colora river is providing less water than it used to to the seven states that depend on it. in fact, places that rely on the river are now facing a looming shortage. we traveled to phoenix to find out how the growing city is preparing for a future with less water. the story is part of our ongoing series "peril & promise: the challenge of climate change." arizona is in it's 19th year of drought. but walking around the more than 400 acres of the tres rios wetlands just outside phoenix, thd be hard pressed to find any evidence of . 150 different species call this place home for at least part of the year. there's lush native vegetation, large ponds, and water rushing through man-made tunnels. so how is this wetland staying wet?cl >> we've been ming and reusing our wastewater for about 40 years now. >> sreenivasan: kathn sorensen is the director of phoenix's water services department, which delivers water to about ion people. after it's used some of it ends up here at tres rios.

what percentage of your overall water from phoenix is recycled so to speak? >> actually all of i so, all the wastewater that's generated here in the city ofx phoets reclaimed and reused for one purposer another. >> sreenivasan: phoenix's wastewater is treated at plants like this. there are two of them in the area. this site releases aboga 53 million ons of newly cleaned water a day into this cotructed wetland system. the series of ponds helps "polish" or reduce chlorine levels in the water before it's pushed into a nearby river. the city sends more 23 billion gallons a year of recycled wastewater to a nuclear power plant. an additional 16 billion gallons a year are used to irrigate nearby crops. this water recling effort is part of phoenix's larger strategy to secure long-term access to water. to achieve that, this desert city is counting on water storage and conservation. >> the thing about phoenix is

it's hot and dry here. it's always going to be hot and dry here, right. we want people to save water because they live here, because it's part of embracing a desert lifestyle. >> sreenivasan: drive around the city, you'll see theti conservaon efforts from one front yard to the next. these gardens require little or no water. we did come across lush landscaping and lawns being doused, but sorensen estimates that only about 14% of homes have grass today, down from 80% in the 1970s. sh conservation campaigns, but alsa the cost or, as two of the biggest reasons for the change. since 1990 the city charges ratepayers a 28% premium for water in the summer when demand is highest. and phoeninss efforts at vation are paying off. >> wuse less water today tha we did 20 years ago but we serve 400,000 more people with that w same amount er. >> sreenivasan: those savings are crucial for a growing desert city with mounting pressure on

it's water resources. phoenix is served by three rivers: the verde, the salt and the colorado. the colorado, which ores from snowpack supplies lake mead. 's america's largest reservoir and provides about 40% of the city's water. but that source is under threat. over the past century the colorado river's flow has declined by about 16%. scientists point to climate change as a main reason. a warming environment means less snowpack and less water in the river. they pject even greater losses over the next 50-100 years. this means less water in lake mead. levels have dropped 120 feet over the last 20 years, and the federal bureau of reclamation is projecting a shortage as soon as rext year. >> we are very ahat climate change is happening, that we have increased risk of drought and also that more of our precipitation is going tosh come iter, more intense events. >> sreenivasan: kate gallego is the recently elected mayor of phoenix.

you get a good chunk of yourfr wate the colorado river and there's a lot of concern that those levels at lg e mead are gown further and further beyond what people were nipecting. what happens to phs water supply if the colorado stops giving? d >> we are incredibly linth the colorado river and it has been decliningt lake mead at a faster rate than we expected. we'rtrying to think long ter so we are storing more water and investing in infrastructure to be able to get that out. >> sreenivasan: for more than 20 years, arizona's water storage agency has been saving the state's unused colorado river allotment in underground aquifers. t now has about half a year's worth of water tn be shared with cities including phoenix should there be a watere shor building on this idea, phoenix has struck its own separate water storage agreements with other arizona cities. take its arrangement with tucson. phoenix uses only 2/3 of the water it is entitled to from the colorado river.so t stores up to 12 billion

gallons of water every year in tucson's aquifers. tucson can then use that water when it faces a shortage. o exchange, phoenix will get to use future colorver water that is allocated to tucson. >> so we go out and equire suppliry chance we get. we make sure we have a diverse. basket of th more than we need today to meet our demands so that we cane provr the future. >> sreenivasan: that sometimes means paying par wers to conserer. ?ave you in your lifetime seen this river flowi >> sery rarely. enivasan: stephen lewis is the governor of the gila river indian community. the reservation is just south oi phand home to the akimel o'odham and piipaash tribes. decades of upstream water diversions left this three mile stretch of the gila river dry until just a few years ago. negotiations between the community, the fedal government and arizona to provide water access led to the

restoration of tribal water rights and paved the way for this renewed river flow. >> this is a working aquifer. it recharges water which builds up our groundwater supplies, but also this allows us to use our colorado river water for conservation purposes. >> sreenivasan: the community now uses or stores its full allocation of colorado river water in underground aquifers. but in 2017, phoenix and several other partners paid the community $12 million to leaver some of its wa lake mead. this pay-to-conserve transaction is called system conservation. >> essentially you find someone who's willing to use less water, someone compensates them for using that less water. the water though that's saved, it doesn't belong to anybody. it belongs to the system. that's why is called system nservation. it stays up in lake mead and r just helps booervoir levels for everyone who depends

on that water. >> sreenivasan: phoenix is also partnering with environmental organizations to maintain levele on the salt ane rivers, two bodies of water that supply the city. an hour and a half nf phoenix in the rural town of camp verde we met up with kimberly schonek. she works for the not nature conservancy managing projects along the verde river. >> so what we want to do is create a collective where people can invest in their watershed and benefit their water supply. so our partnership with the city of phoenix is really about making that change and bringing this notion that downstream water users depend on watershed actions and improving watershed condition improves the resiliency of your water supply. >> sreenivasan: phoenix is contributing hundreds of thousands of dollars over the next few years to resiliency projects here. it is the first city in arizona to do so, supporting projects like forest thinning that decrease sediment flow into the verde river after wildfires. funding from phoenix also helps build on projects the natures conservancy haen managing

for years like automated water diversions, or headgates. >> so the headgates are control structures that are designed to regulate the flow in the ditch so that you have the amount of watethat you need and want a leaving the rest in the river. so some ditches have cut their use by 25-40% just by implementing this very simpleno tegy. >> sreenivasan: more water left in the river by upstream users heans downstream cities like phoenix have more future. >> and then this is a valvso you can see one of the issues with the flood is just the leaking. >> sreenivasan: another meure that benefits phoenix's water supply, in 2015 the nature conservancy started working with farmers to convert from floodon irrigati, which involves releasing water onto a field, to drip, which applies water more directly onto roots. >> we're reducing their water use by 30-40%. so that has a huge impact on the river. >> sreenivasan: but if investments, conservation and water agreements fall short, kathryn sorensen at the phoenix

water department says the city has a backup plan. >> the grodwater beneath us, the most recent estimate i got from the arizona department of waisr resources is that ther 90 million acre-feet. >> sreenivasan: that's 300 years worth of water for phoenix. but accessing that water will reire a significant investment-- an estimateddi $500-million tdeep, expensive wells and install pipeto carry water to areas that may be cut off in the future. in january, the city council approved a rate hike that would help fund the ne infrastructure. its an investment against a warmer future that the city ows is coming. >> oddly i think that that oenix is better positioned to deal with climate change than a loof other cities across t country and the world. i know that sounds strange, but i think we're justwe're always in the trenches here, we are always in the trenches. it is always hot and dry here and preparing for a future where it's going to be hotter and drier. wenow how to do that.

>> this is "pbs newshour weekend," sund. >> sreenivasan: the opera house in sydney australia is one of the world's most recognizable buildings. it's fan-shaped exterior-- evocative of sails-- marks the harbor-city's skyline. and now for the next few weeks, the opera house, aloh many of sydney's landmarks, become the canvas for an extraordinary festival that happens at night. the 11th annual vivid ydney festival because spectacle you could see all across the citsy' landmarks, buildings and bridges, the dancing lights of the opera house made at least one visiting architecture student see the legendary concert hall in a who new way. >> it is fantastic, actually, i study architecture and just thinking of the city opera houses as one of l my buckett items and then seeing it like this is really remarkable, honestly. >> on the famous sails of t opera house the lights this year are designed as a floral ballet,

featuring australia's botanical ,nvironment. >> to be to colhe color and the vibe and everyone accordingg together, i ink that is really special, it feels like sydney is awake and sydney is awake aev yone is here. >> it is an event that builds itself of three weeks of game changing ideas and seminars, aming music and light sculptures that transform the city and on opening night there was plenty of lit as art to be viewed. sydney's harbor bridge lit one fluorescent pinks, purplings, purples greens and blun terms of the bridge a ballerina came to life ilin white ts and on the outside of a customhouse a diving could be seenring life under the sea. >> it is a good thing. we have been through a lot in the last week. with different themes and different topics being brought up left and righut bhis one feels right this year. it is colorful, it is vibrant and it is fun >> organizers say as many as 2 million people will come to sydney to see the lights.

>> >> sreenivasan: finally, tonight p.b.s. will broadcast and livestream the national memoriar day cotonight from the west lawn of the u.s. capitol at 8:00 p.m. eastern time. a this is the 30iversary of the program which honors all military service members, their families and those who lost their lives in service to the country. ouu can see the concert on local station or online at pbs.org,n youtube or on facebook. that's all for this edition of" pbs newshour weekend." i'm hari sreenivasan. thanks for watching. have a good ght. captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz.

sue and edgar wachheim iii. seton melvin. the cheryl and philip milstein family. dr. p. roy vagelos and diana t. vagelos. the j.p.b. foundation. rosalind p. walt. barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we're your radditional support has been provided by: and by the corporation forpu ic broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. m e. pbs. :

kenneyere are e legends that tie the people of hawai'i to the islands of tahiti. come along with me, ed kenney, and maui tauotaha as we trace these bonds and find the secret behind his favorite dish-- poisson cru. there are so many reasons why i became a chef. di ever has a story. food brings people together and has the power to conjure up cherished memories. i was born and raised in the hawaiian islands, one of the most diverse communities in the world. in this sh'll meet a guest from hawai'i, learn about their favorite dish, trace it back to its origins, and have some fualong the w. man: ♪ higher so we can chase the moon ♪ announcer: major fungredien" was provided by the corporation for public brocasting. additional funding was provided by the hawai'i tourism auority,