captioning sponsored by wnet >> thompson: on this edition for sunday, june 2: virginia beach mourns, and authorities seek answers; the push to eliminate surprise medical bills; and in our signature segment, generating energy from everyday waste. next on "pbs newshour weekend." >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. sue and edgawachenheim iii. seton melvin. the cheryl and philip milstein family. nd diana t. vagelos vagelos. the j.p.b. foundation. rosalind p. walter. barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america--

designing customized individuai and group ment products. that's why we're your retirement company. additional supportas been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, a by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. from the tisch wnet studios at lincoln center in new york, megan thompson. >> thompson: good evening and g us. you for join investigators in virginia beach are still searching for a motive for the mass murder of 12 people in a municipal office building on friday. at a news conference today police and city officials said government offrees there will in closed tomorrow. and they gave a detailed description of the 36-minutes from the time police were dispatched until the suspect was shot and captured. he later died at the hngpital. >> calll units. he's on the >> i can tell you that in the police world-- anything longer

an 3-5 shots is a long battle. that's what was happening. i can te you, although i don't know the exact nthber of rounds the perpetrator fired-- it pes well into doubleigits. >> we have the susct shooting through a doorway on the second floor on the east side. >> thompson: officials say they do not believe the suspect targeted specific people, but they did reveal that the man-- a 15-year municipal employee-- had emailed his two- resign the morning of the shooting. >> to the extent that th subject's employment status has anything to do with these events that will be part of the ongoing investigation. however, he was not terminated, and he was not in the process of being terminated. t >> thompso city of virginia beach will hold a memorial service on thursday. and many residents plan to wear blue tomorrow to honor the victims. mexican officials are in washington, d.c., preparing for talks later this week with the

trump administration about threatened tariffs. president trump said last week that he will impose a 5% tariff on mexican goods starting june 10 unless mexico stops migrants- - mostly from central american countries-- from crossing into the u.s. tariffs would increase 5% every month until they reach 25%. this morning acting white house ief of staff mick mulvan said mr. trump is "deadly serious" about the tariffs and suggesd mexico stop the migrants at their southern border. >> they can secure theirrn soutorder, their southern border with guatemala. and most of the people who arero coming in h mexico now are not mexico-- are not mexicans. they are from guatemala,hel salvador, countries south of mexico. that border is only a quarter as elong as the border with united states. >> thompson: we will have more on the situation in mexico and the tariff threat coming up later in the broadcast. tensions between the united states andhina rose on both economic and military fronts today. speaking in switzerland,

secretary of state mike pompeo urged countries doing business with china to exercise caution. >> the united states welcomes china's participation in the global economy as long as it plays by the rules. but we encourage our swiss friends and partners to recognize the security risks associated with many of china's soonomic activities and we discussed that a length today. >> thompson: pompeo made his comments on trade relations just as china began two days of military exercises in the south china sea. china's defense minister told an annual security conference in singapore today that beijing will defend its claims overnd taiwanisputed parts of the south china sea. yesterday, united states acting secretary of defense patrick shanahan told the gathering that beijing's effortto set up outposts in the south china sea are a, "toolkit of coercion." learn about the life and legacy ofhe famed new orleans che known for feeding civil rights leaders. visit pbs.org/newshour.

>> thompson: for more on mexico's reaction to the trump tariff threat, kevin sieff, latin america correspondent for "the washington post" joins us now via skype from mexico city through this a little bitisnd it ot like mexico hasn't been doing anything on this issue. tle you just tell us a lit bit about what that country has done over the last few years to stem flow of migovrant its borders? >> yes, i mean for several years mexico has been deporting large numbers of central americans. those deportations continue today over the lt four months, mexico has deported more than 40,000 central americans. under the current president, andres obrador those policies have been sort of emboldened wa . and in large part in response to fromthreats we have seen the -- >> this morning, the, mick mulvan said the first thinge wants to see is mexico strengthening security at its border with guatemala..

>> y the reality is the guatemalan mexico border is incredibly poro, has always been incredibly porous, and so i know the u.s.specially in the lt few days has spoken about the need to secure the guatemalan xico border, i mean, doing so would be a multiyear, multibillion dollars effort. as of now there is very little infrastructure on that border. >> thompson: other things that have beee mioned are making mexico a place whereas asylu seekers could apply for asylum there or also with cracking down on somheof tmuggling and smugglers. what would those things look like? >> the trump administration basically from the beginning ntralsed this idea american whose are on their way through mexico, apply for asyl in the u.s. could instead apply for asylum in mexico. there are a lot of problems with that problem. motion co ask an enormouslyvi ent country. there are parts of mexico that are more violent than thele myelogramsin central america. the other question, is what kind

of social services 0 can mexico provide to asylum seekers? is there enough funding heryle 4 seekers to eat, where would they live? there are a lot of questions about that. i would put security at the very top of that list, though. >> thompson: the trump administration also hasto plan send dhs agents down to thean guatemorder. >> because they have been pressuring not just mexico but also guatemala, the honduras and el salvador to stop migration, there are other -- there are conversations happening with mexico right now that mostly is about the threat of terrorists, but there a also parallel conversations being had with the other, with the central american countries, so in guatemala, what that has led to is this agreement with between dhs and the government of guatemala to allow dozens of dhs agents to basically support, advise,ua train,emalan officials to stop migration, to secure theno country'hern about a border. these are agents that would bostly be there in an advisory role and wouldn'patrolling the border, necessarily, so it

gives guatemala the ability to say listen, we are doing something, we are open to your, ao accepting your assistance but in terms of kind of a practical difference it is going to make a, i mean, i don't think we are gng to suddenly see a huge shift in the migration trends for guatemala because of this. i mean just a few weeks ago, president trump dircted the end of u.s. aid to honduras, guatemala and el salvador, right so is for a very long time there was a consensus in the foreign policy establishment, in u.s. and pretty much everywhere, in latin america that u.s. assistance was something that could in the long run ultimately leado a decrease in migration. instead the trump administration's positioe has been we ing to stop aid, we are going increase tariffs as punishment. i mean, most people who study my drawings, most economists would tell you that probably is going to have the opposite impact on migration. but weill see >> thompson: all right. kevin seiff with the "washington post". thank you so much for joining

us. >> thank you. >> >> thompson: if you've ever hne to tpital and ended up with a big bill from a provider you didn't realize wasurut of your ice network, chances ile, you got what's called a surprise medical it's a big issue that's getting a lot of attention right now deom policymakers on both of the aisle. last month, president trump even called for legislative action o bject. this isn't a new issue. three years ago, "pbs newshour" weekend reported on efforts in new jersey to crack down on these surise bills. here are the stories of two patients. after suffering a heart attack 20 years ago, leigh lehman of hillsdale, new jersey, does what he can to eat right and stay in shape. but the 64-year-old computer consultant still has occasional health scares. last summer, doctors told him he needed a quintuple heart bypass. before the procedure, he

genfirmed both the valley hospital, in rod, new jersey, and his surgeon, accepted his aetna insurance, which he gets through his employer, a small consulting company. b a few weeks later, after the surgery, i got a bill in the mail. 0. thompson: the surprise bill was for nearly $2, it was from a critical care doctor in the intensive care d unit w not accept lehman's insurance. >> out of nowhere, sy who seu never heard of, i don't remember meetings a bill. why is he not accepting the e surance? why ist of network? >> thompson: lehman says he contacted the hospital and insuranccompany, but they told him there was they nothing they could do to reduce the bill. so he dug into savings to pay it. >> i you're trying to recover. it's major surgery. i mean, i feltike i was hit by a truck. >> thompson: something similar happened to andrew htamann, an acco from hackensack, new jersey, who had health insurance

e rough his employer from anthem blue cross-bield. >> there was blood and glass all over this part of the parking lot. >> thompson: two years ago, when he was helping a neighbor move, a large glass table shattered, and a shard of glass sliced into heymann's left ankle. an ambulance took heymann to the closest emergency room at hackensack unirsity medical center, which he knew was in- network. his ankle wound was so deep, the e.r. called the plastic surgeon on duty. >> and he came in, and sewed up my leg in probably about ten minutes. >> thompson: but that surgeon did not accept his insurance. heymann received what's called a "balance bill."ha the doctored close to bl,000. cross covered about $860. and heymann was stuck owing $5,000. >> i'm thinking there's no way i'm going to pay this. this is insane. and it's kind of almos, whatever if you want to call it, false advertising, when you get some kind of a crazy bill from

someone who's not in the network, and you really had no control over the fact that they would be there. >> thompson: thednospital woul discuss the specifics of heymann's case, b said it recognizes "the current system is not optimal." after six months of fighting his bill and appealing with his insurer,eymann discovered his employer, a large education company, was supposed to cover the charge, and the company paid it off. tr more on the steps lawmakers are takitackle surprise medical bills, i'm joined by rachel bluth, a reporter for kaiser health news. >> thompson: 0 rachel, thank you so much for being here. >> thank yoso >> tho i want to start by asking you how prove intelligent is. after our story aired, i actually got a surprise medical bill, it was kinof a textbook case, i went to an er a and got a will for over $900 from a doctor who wasn't in my network. i wanted to justsk you, how often does this happen? >> there are reallyable prevalent, some studies say up to one in five emergency roosim could result in a

surprise bill. over $0,100,000 for a heart attack, $50,000 for an air ambulance. it is importt to remember that even though this is something that happens a lot in annc emerdepartments, it can happen in planned procedures as well. ck a hospital that is in network, you pick a surgeon that is in network and then yoar seen by an anesthesiologist who doesn't take your insurance awi you are hi a surprise bill. rs thompson: is this somehow getting or is it happening more often these days? >> i don't know if it is getting worse, but you are seeing a lot of high deductible plans nowadays, where patients have a lot of up front costs that they have to pay before their insurance really starts to kick in. so consumers might be a little bit more sensitive to it, because they are having higher out-of-pocket costs these daysm, an of their costs that they have to pay themselves. >> thompson: this seems like one of the very few issues that

is actually gaininm momenn washington these days, that lawmakers on both sides of the aislare actuly cooperating. tell us what is going on down there. >> there is a ton ofip btisan support to fix this problem. president trump has said that he wants to tackle surprise medical billing. there are proposals in the house, there are proposals in the senate, there has been a number of congressional hearings about it in the past few months. so there is definitely a lot ofe um going forward. i. >> thompson: i mean how likely is it, that people will come to the table and come to an agreement on all of this? >> that's thmillion dollars question o so despite the fact that republicans and democrats, congress and the president are all working together on this, there are still a lot of competing incentives in the healthcare industr doctors and hots -- hospitals are a little bit nervous about this idea of rate setting. they are worried they are not going to be reimbursed at a high enough rate to compensate for

their services. insurance companies aren't thrilled with the idea of arbitration because they are worried it could lead to higher medical cos down the line, it could cause some inflation in the industry. so everyone is trying to get on board and get on the same page right now, plus we are dealingof with a kin cramped legislative calendar. there is a lot oother stuff that has to happen this summer. this have to fund the government, raise the debt ceiling, presidential election season is about to start up, so all of these things arprably impediments or hurdles that could maybe slow down some of the bipartisan momentum but that being said, sator alexander who is the chair of one of the alth policy-making committees in the senate, he said that he has a proposal, and he nts it on the floor to be voted on by july. and hopefullyoat the president. >> thompson: great. rachel bluth, from keyser health news.h thank you so mor being with us. >> thanks.

megan. >> >> thompson: between flushing e e toilet, bathing and washing dishes, the averrson in the united states generatesmo 100 gallons of wastewater each day. and dealing with that water requires a lot of resources. in fact, treating water-- including wage-- accounts for 3-4% of all the energy used in the united states. but imagine if that water-- even sewage-- could itself be used to helpenerate energy. 're going to take you inside a utility plant in suburban aticago that's doing just it's generating all the power it needs to run just using the waste that it collects. it's a model that could dramatically ruce the amount of energy used to treat wastewater around the country. christopher booker has t story. >> this is their grease trap from all the kitchen waste. >> reporter: outside a sports bar in the chicago suburbs, joe quinones is taking me through his routine.

oo everything that comes from the sinks and the drains, sometimes dishwashers, they all come in here. tes the greasepa so it doesn't go into the city sewer. >> reporter: he works for a company that specializes in collecting fats, oils, and greases, known collectively by the acronym "fog." on this brisk morning he starts by breaking up the grease, which hardens at the surface. >> it's a dirty job, but it doesn't mean the restaurant is. >> reporter: he then connects the hose to the trucucand starts toup the fog. on this visit, quinones collects about 1,200 gallons of it. he restaurant, it's abou a 15 mile drive to a wastewater treatment facility in the western suburb of downers grove. here, quinones deposits the tauck's contents into an underground nk, minus some solid waste that gets caught by the grates. quinones's company pays five cents a gallon to dump this material here. but it's not just waste to downers grove. it's a key ingredient in making this plant net zero: meaning it generates all of the ergy it

needs to run. but to undstand how this grease supercharges the energy production on site, we need to take a step back to see what this plant does d how it uses power. it's a process that starts 40 feet below the ground. our guide is nick menninga, the general manager of the downers grove sanitary district. >> all the sewage is flowing from town by gravity into big box on the other side of this wall. >> reporter: gravity provides all the power cessary to get the sewage here, but to treat it, you need to get it back to the surface. >> this is one of the big energy uses in the plant. and there's really no getting around having to pump this water. >> reporter: almost 50-year olda pumps sendn average of 11 million gallons of sewage each day back up to the ground level. so this is where the water is actually coming up? >> yeah, it comes up here.or >> rr: from here, the plant continues the process, separating the water from the semisolid waste, known as sludge. >> the sewage simply flows in these tanks and anything that settles to the bottom we aremo able to is sludge.

>> reporter: but to fully remove the sludge from this water taker someenergy. >> it gets less smelly the farther we go. ( laughs ) >> reporter: this is the aeration tank, where air is injected to help further clean the wastewater. >> we're not making a drinking water. we're making a river water. but the water that we make, it supports the aquatic community that whave in the local streams. >> reporter: over the last decade, the plant has reduced its energy use by out 30%. it's done this partly by investing in more efficient equipment. >> these brand-new thnology, bigh speed turbo blowers are saving us quite of energy compared to the old technology. but they still remaithe largest energy user in the facility. >> reporter: you keep the old blowers as a redundancy? >> that's correct. we use these as backup. obviously we have to have redundancy everywhere cause people flush their toilets whether we're ready or not. we have to always be ready. >> reporter: this plant is one of just a few in the country where all of the energy it uses is generated by the waste collected onsite. that starts with the sludge, the solid waste collected throughout

the process. it's deposited in an oxygen free, or anaerobic, chamber called a digester. in thienvironment, microorganisms eat at the sludge and naturally emit biogas. it's a fuel that many wastewater plants capture for heating,us lly burning off any excess. but here at downers grove, thes digestere also fed a special ingredient. t remembt fog, the fat, oil and grease that is deposited at the plant? it's instrumental ne this plant ting enough energy to power itself. eswhen it's added to the dr mix, the chemical reaction turbocharges the biogas production.de how did thsion to take in this grease impact the amount of energy you're able to produce here? >> we've actuay been able to double our gas production. and as a result double our electricity producon as well by taking fog and adding it-- co-digesting it with our sludge. >> reporter: so by taking that grease from these restrants you're able to double your output? >> that's correct. double the oput. >> reporter: transforming that

biogas into usable power required a significant investment: the utility purchased equipment to clean and purify the biogas. and it bought two generators, about $600,000 in totach turn the gas into electricity that the plant can use. >> the electricity is monitored continuously >> reporter: at the plant's control center, menninga showed us how energy usage fluctuates throughout the day. he says the investments to become net zero have dramatically reduced costs. >> the energy cost used to be over half a million dollars a year. but now we're down to about $50,000 a year just to maintain that connectivth the tility. and then by takihe high strength waste from the haulers we're able to generate about $300,000 a year in revenue.in so this is pretty dramatic for us.10 it's ove% of our operating costs. >> reporter: menninga says those savings haven'erreduced the l amount that customers pay, but that bills haven't gone up as much as they would have. while there have bqun months whenment maintenance or

heavy usage required more grid power, the plant has met or exceeded its goal of being energy neutral nine last 16 months. >> so this is the digester control om. >> reporter: menninga says this model could significantly reduce e amount of energy used by water utilities around the country. >> the water energy nexus is a pretty important piece of the energy puzzle. there's just no reason for, for a community toto use a bunch of energy to treat their waste water when they can be actually converting their wastewater treatment facility into a power generating stion. >> thompson: coming up this week, newshour will have complete coverage of president trump's state visit to the united kingdom beginning tomorrow, and coverage of ceremonies marking the 75th anniversary of d-day later in the week. that's all for this edition of" s newshour weekend." i'm megan thompson. have a good night.

captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org nd>> pbs newshour weekes made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. sue and edgar wachenheim iii. seton melvin. the cheryl and philip milstein family. dr. p. roy vagelos and diana t. vagelos. the j.p. foundation. rosalind p. walter. barbara ho zuckerberg. rporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- edesigning customndividual and group retirement products. that's whye're your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcastin by contributions to your pbs

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