captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the "newshour" tonight, the house of representatives' oversight committee holds trump administration officials in contempt, as the white house refuses to hand over documents related to adding a citizenshiph question tu.s. census. then, on both sides of the u.s.- mexico border, where the unceasing flow of migrants strains resources in both countries. and as the tools to seamlessly alter digital video becomes more widely available, the threat posed by exptly doctoredno videos-- as deepfakes-- grows more dire. >> the nightmare suation is that there's a video of president trump saying, "i've launched nucle weapons against rth korea." and somebody hacks his twitter acount and that goes vira in 30 seconds, we have global

nuclear meltdown. >> woodrf: all that and more on tonight's "pbs newshour." >> major funding for the pbs y:wshour has been providedab >> bl. a language app that teaches reew-life conversations in a language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. >> financial services firm raymond james. >> consumer cellular. >> supporting social entrepreneurs and their solutions to the worost pressing problems-- skollfoundation.org. >> the lemelson foundation. committed to improving lives through invention. in the u.s. and developing countries. on the web at lemelson.org.

>> supported by the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation. b committed lding a more just, verdant and peaceful world. more information at macfound.org >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions:pr >> thiram was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: protesters in hong kong are promisi more mass demonstrations after a day that erupted into violence. police battled crowds in a growing crisis over giving mainland china greattrol over the city. debbie edward of independent television news reports, from hong kong.ep >>ter: this was the moment today's protest in hong kong turned nasty. the protesters engulfed in tear gas.

as the police moved to disperse a demonstration which had brought part of the city to a standstill. such is the strength of opposition to an extradition treaty with china, thousands took to the streets this wednesday to derail a council debate on the nelaw. >> ( translated ): many hong kong people have come out to protestoday and i'm sure there will be more of us in the coming weeks showing our opposition to this bill. >> reporter: tensions have been running high here since a mass march on sunday. th, was not on the same sca det the largely student crowd showed a doggermination. the tear gas has left a think, stinging fog in the air, brs still protesurge forward channg quit the bill. as the afternoon wore on, the violence escalated. the police forced to retreat at times.

but then regrouping tocrharge at the d, firing rubber bullets. two people were seriously inred. hong kongs chief executive condemned the trouble, and vowed >> any violence will not be rlerated by ou enforcement authorities because tolerance of violence also gives rise tveo adverse consequences. >> reporter: tonight more riot police were brought in as the aandoff continued. th under orders to use everything at their disposal to end this protest, and not allow another occupation to take hold. debbie edward "itv news" hong kong. woodruff: later, hong kong officials postponed a hearing on the extradition proposal. in washington, president trump said he hopes that "it all works out for china and for hong kong."

ofmocrats in the u.s. hous representatives moved today to cite attorney general william barr and commerce secretaryco wilbur ross foempt of congress. the oversight commite voted after both men refused to hand over documents on adding ati citizenship qu to the 2020 census. hours rlier, president trump claimed executive privilege for the documents. secretary ross, in turn,ccused the committee of bad faith. we'll get the details, after the news sumry. the president's older son, donald trump jr., testified again today about a 2016 meeting with a russian lawyer who allegedly promised dirt on hillary clinton. he went behind closed doors with the senatentelligence committee. but he said he had "nothing to change" from his previous testimony. and, fmer white house communications director hope hicks agreed to talk to the house judiciary committee. she is the first former presidential aide to do so.

the president announced today he will send 1,000 more troops tond pos part of a growing alliance. that's on top of 4,500 americans already stationed in the former soviet bloc state. mr. trump hosted polishan presidenzej duda, and praised him for spending more on defense-- including housing for th pu.s. forces. and will still providend basingnfrastructure to support military presence of about 1,000 american troops. sh government will build these projects at no cost to the united states. the polish government will pay for this. >> woodruff: earlier, the presidents and first ladies watched an f-35 fighter jet fly over, after announcing that poland will buy more than 30 of the planes. in israel, the prime minister's wife, sara netanyahu, agreed today to a plea bargain involving allegations ofsp ovding on lavish meals.

she will pay a $15,000 fine to close the case. netanyahu was accused of using state funds to spend some $100,000 at luxury restaurants. an ongoing ebola outbreak in central africa has now claimed its first life in uganda. the world health organization says a five-year-old boy died there today, after crossing from congo earlier in the week. the outbreak has killed nearly 1,400 people in congo since august. back in this country, a north carolina man pleaded guilty to killing three muslim collegeud ts at a chapel hill condo back in 2015. aig hicks entered the pl after prosecutors dropped planso eek the death penalty. instead, he accepted three consecutive life sentences. the victims' relatives said it was a hate crimey born of bigoainst muslims. university dean, william

strampel, was convicted today on neglect of dutmisconduct. he was acquitted of sexual assault. strampel oversaw sports doctor larry naar, who admitted to molesting female athletes for years and is n in prison. prosecutors said strampel willfully failed to monitor nassareven after being ordered to do so. still, his attorney claimed a partial victory. >> we're happy with the fact that he was acquitted of the most serious charge of sexua assault. we respect the jury's decision this case. we're disappointed that he was found guilty of any of these charges, but we'll addre the rest of this case at sentencing. >> woodruff: strampel could face five years in prison when he is sentenced in july. later in the program we will hear more on the vefrom one of larry nassar's most prominent accusers. the first person sentenced in a college admissions scam will nor

go ton after all. former stanford sailing coach john vandemoer was sentenced today to six months of home confinement and a $10,000 fine. he admitted taking money for the stanford sailing proam to help ildren of rich parents gain admission.e' thword that u.s. nursing homes are failing to reportof thousandases of neglect and abuse of medicare patients.e the inspector l for the department of health and human services estimates 6,600 cases nent un-reported in 2016 a nursing facilities are required to report any abuse to state inspectors. t on wall streay, the dow jones industrial average lost 43 points to close at 26,004. e nasdaq fell 29 points. and the s&p 500 slipped five points. and, it turns out people have been getting high on pot for at least 2,500 years. archaeologists in far western china say they've found the earliest direct evidence o

marijuana use. it includes ten wooden bowls containing burnt residue of pot, apparently ud in burial rituals. still to come on the "newshour," in contempt: why is the white house refusing to turn census documents to congress. on the border: coping with the crush of immigrants on both sides of the u.s. and meco. long shadow: congressional delays in fuing healthcare coverage for 9/11 first responders. abuse in the church: efforts by the southern baptist church to stop sexual abuse. plus much more. >> woodruff: as we reported earlier, congressional democrats today escalated a legal fight with the trump administration over the u.s. census, voting to hold attorney general wiomiam barr andrce secretary

wilbur ross in contempt of congress. at issue: the intent of the administration'sove to include a citizenship question in the nationwide survey. democratic representative gerry edconnolly of virginia blahe motive behind the question. while in the oval office tay, president trump defended the additional question.to >> i think it'lly ridiculous that we would have census without asking, but thee suprurt is going to be ruling on it soon. i think when a census goes outyo should find out whether or not, and you have the right to ask whether or not, somebody is a citizen of the united states. es the citizenship question is not just a normal on, by the way hasn't been asked on the census since 1950, the year i was born, for a reason: becauseg it's go intimidate and discourage. and it has to be seen in the context, the context of an anti- immigrant policy coming out of

this white house. >> woodruff: hansi lo wang who covers the census for npr is in new york. welcome back to the newshour. so, hansiwhat, we have going here, we have te psident saying it is perfectly right of ihe administration to ask whether people areizens or not on census. but then separately, you have claims that there is evence that the administration was adding this question forti pol reasons, and then trying to cover it up. >> right. there are recently disclosed cuments the plaintiffs in the new york-based lawsuit in the citizenship question point tar thesfrom the hard drives a g.o.p. strategist, thomas hoffler. he died last year. his estranged daughter came across files that suggest hoffler was involved in crafting the administration's push for the citizenship question. hoffler concluded adding a ion to thip que

census could politically benefit republicans and non-hispanic white people by using the responses to redraw political02 maps after the0 census. this is a major dispute between the trump administration and the plaintiffs. the trump administration, of course, says this is about otecting the voting rights of racial minorities. >> woodruf so hoffler, north carolina political strategist passed away, hisghter was able to get access to this information. how is that, though, co tected to thump administration? >> well, the plaintiffs here are saying that hoffler possibly ghost wrote one of the early requests to the census bureau to request a systemship questionpl because thintiffs found a paragraph, word for word, that appeared in hoffler's file as well as an early request for tcitizenship question tha trump administration was preparing. they say that shows hoffler wash involved anped come up with a strategy for using the voting rights act as a rationale for justifying the additionave citizenship question.

>> woodruff: and the administra these document documents are, te administration is saying we're not going to turn them over. >> well, the documents that the administration is protecting right now and invoking executive privilege over, these are internal emails and memos within the justice department, and also the commerce department. and the democrats on the house oversight committee want to see all the documents. they want to see unredacted versions o and, you kno of these emails helped reveal this question, this request for a request started months earlier than the administration was ying initially. they said that this was initiated by the justice department, but one of thesels em, the unredaked portion shs, commerce secretary wilbur ross had a months-long request for this question shortly after he was confirmed as commerce secretary. >> woodruff: let's talk about what's at stake here. there's the nonpinartisan tank, the urban institute, has done a study that shows-- at least their work show, if you add a citizenship question it

coad result in as many s four million people being undercounted in the census. >> right. these are the estimates. and one former census bureau director told me that could be a conservative estimate. when we're talking about the census, we're talking about money. welking about power. they determine how many electoral seats states get, and hundreds of billions dollars, an estimated $880 billion in years for federal funding for schools, for roads, forther public services, including medicare and medicaid. thatoney is distributed based on census numbers. so the concern here is if there is an undercount, specifically of immigrant communities, communities of color, that some parts of the country may not get their fair share in federal funding and political representation for the next 10 years. s >> woodruff: ious-- serious funding decisions at issue here. but, hansi, republicans still are make the argument that, in their words, tre's always been sume kind of citizenship question on the c >> well, the first census back

in 1790 did not include a question about citizenship status. the first time thea censued about citizenship status was back in 1820 and since then it's been on and off the census, a it's really been asked of parts of the population, not every househd, necessarily, consistently. back in 1950, the last time a citizenship question was includ on the forms for every household, but that question, back in 1950, was only asked of people born outside the u.s. you know, really if you were to dig back into the history books the census history books, you would realize that the 202us0 ceif it were to include a citizenship question, it would be the first time a census in theunited states has been to directly ask citizenship status of every person living in thent co. >> woodruff: well, we will see where this goes. a lot of people are watching the thank you, hansi lo wang. >> you're welcome. >> woodruff: last month,pr

ensions of undocumented migrants at the southern u.s. border reached their highest total since 2007. president trump claims his threat of tariffs will force mexico to stem the flow of migrants. in the meantime, communities along both sides of the border are forced to respond to the increase in families and children, fleeing instability and violence, in need of immediate help. our amna nawaz reports from el paso, texas, ad juarez, mexico. >> reporter: two months ago, emerita fled her home country of honduras. she fears for her life, sh shows us these scars, as evidence of the abuse she'ser su. she fears for her life, she says, because she's gay. she crossed illegally he u.s., seeking asylum. but under a trump administration telicy, was sent back to mexico until her court with no money, and no support, she sought refuge in this church shelter in juarez.

her first hearing, later this month, could determine her fate. the sudden increase in the number of migrants being forcedo ait in mexico has stressed already-thin resources here. faith and private communities have leapt into action, opening shelters like this one in west juarez. the trump administration had dyalrlowed legal entry, forcing thousands of migrants to wait across the border here in mexico in lines. then came a policy sending asylum-seekers back to mexico, over bridges like this one here in juarez, while their cases unfolded in the u.s. now, an expansion of the policy means thousands of more people will be forced to wait here in mexico, facing uncertainty. but the mexican government only accepts a certain number of migrants awaiting immigration hearings in the u.s.-- a number the trump administration says is increasing. the rest of the migrants arriving at the soe hern border lowed to cross and await their court dates. over the border in el paso, it's

a very different scene. ruben garcia, a longtime immigration advocate here, has moved quickly to respond to theo inflfamilies crossing into the u.s., partnering with faith communities and aid groups, and fielding private donations. >> when all the buses arrive, the vast majority of these cots hll be out, and they wille someone on them, 500. >> reporter: border patrol bopes regularly off families as they're released from custody-- often from outdated, overcrowded, and under-res.rced faciliti most arrive with nothing but the clothes onheir backs. and most leave within a day or y'o, to destinations across the country, where t await their court dates. volunteers here connect migrants with sponsors, usually family, he to arrange travel, and swiftly move them out, care packages in hand. >> the federal government,p. d.h.s., c.border patrol, ice, their inability to understand that if attention is

thpaid to organization the release of people does not have toe chaos. it doesn't. >> reporter: 13-year-old esteni came with her father from guatemala. the number assigned to her by border patrol-- 46-- is just starting to fade from her hand. porque? estefani says she wants to learn english, get a job, and one day return to guatemala. but while the border cities bear the burden, the effect of the influx is being felt further north, too. we're on our way now to las cruces, new mexico.it a city about an hour north of the border, where the federal government has been busing migrant families.'r and wegoing to check out a shelter that's actually being run by the city. >> we really recognized it was a e manitarian situation we were faced with, and ty council knew that if we didn't take care of them, the risk was the border patrol would dump them at bus sts or on the street. >> reporter: udell vigil works for las cruces. hi the city's been running

shelter-- a former national guard armory-- for almost two months. they house roughly 200 people, for about 24 to 48 hours-- offering a meal, a shower, clean clothes, and medical care-- befo helping families on to their next step. so far, they've processed around 10,000 migrants. >> and they are coming here with absolutely nothing, they are fellow human beings and they gnityto be treated with and respect, and we are going to do that and do it the best way we can. >> reporter: but back in el paso, ruben garcia argues that oncents are vetted and released from federal custody, it's up to private communities to receive and help them. that's the way, he says, it's always been. but it costs you $30,000 a month just to rent thi>>place, right? es. >> reporter: you really think there are communities out therel that can just ogether $30,000 a month? >> you mean dallas can't do this? denver can't do this? is inconceivable to me, that

the faith commciities of these es would not, at the drop ofp a hat, srward and say we absolutely can. and we absolutely will. >> this whole system is broken. >> reporter: dee margo is the mayor of el paso. what hcalls political drama, he says, has gotten in the way of finding solutions. >> i mean, these are solvable problems if congress would develop some intestinal fortitude to do what's right irrespective of how people perceive it on a political basis. >> reporter: what do you want to see in terms of specific action com the federal government? what would help yoy? >> you take away the politicos and those who say "well i need 'x' million in for a fence or i want this in the way of troops or i want that," no, homeland security should be gen that authority to come up with what the solution is to contr our borders and the resources should be provided by congress.

>> reporter: i didn't hear you say a wall or mexican tariffs. >> i don't think that was a viable solution. >> reporter: what would the impact of tariffs increase in tariffs have been on el paso? >> draconian. >> reporter: while private groups and local governments have worked to meet the arrivinr ts' needs, the federal government has worked to keep them out. j rez alone, an estimated 7,000+ now wait for their turn to legally enter t. united stat in a city with few resourceso help them... on a journey with no end in sight. for the "pbs newshour," i'm amna nawaz, in juarez, mexico and el paso, texas. >> woodruf two decades since the terror attacks on september 11th, but many fir dealing with lasting health effects.

and, as sa desjardins reports, congress continues to struggle with how they should be compensated. >> reporter: covered in a the k smoke, resd police workers were the first on the scene ter the 9/11 attacks... in the days after, thousands more responders and volunteers came... digging through rubble. also surrounding them: toxic air full of chemicals and dust... at decades later, has le disease and disability. the federal government is responsible, in part, because the e.p.a. at the time declared tharea safe, even as fires burned at ground zero. the woman who headed the e.p.a. then, christine todd whitman, defended that declaration six years later-- pointing to a lack of information. >> i do not recall any e.p.a. expert or scientist responsible for reviewing this data ever advising mthat the test data from lower manhattan showed that the air or water proposed long- term health risks for the general public.

ob reporter: soon the longtime health risks werous, as respiratory illness and cancer appeared in thousands of responders. congress first set up a temporary fund, but did not take long term action until 2011. that is when the james zadroga act became law. c med for an n.y.p.d. officer who died from toposure, it set up two funds. one for the health care of 9/11 workers and another to compensate them. many were no longer able to work full time. it did not pass easily, but did pass. th care benefits of the bill are not at risk. they remain through 2090. the issue is the multibillion- dollar compensation fund, in use two problems: congress set it to expire next year, but ev before that, the funding congress provided is falling short. officials announced that without more funds, benefits must be cut now. responders have been raising

this alarm for years, but it gained new attention yesterday when comedian and former t.v. host jon stewart chastised congress at a hearing on the issue. >> your indifference cost these men and women their most valuable commodity: time!ep >>ter: also testifyingor yesterday, fr n.y.p.d. detective luis alvarez, who is set to start his 69th round of chemotherapy. >> i should not be here with you, but you made me you made me come because i will t stand by and watch as fries with cancer from 9/11, like me, arealued less than anyone else becausof when they get sick they die. >> reporter: a bill to keep the fund going until 2090 made it through a house committee today, but it is not clear when the jnate could act.

it has been a lorney. journalist michael mcauliff has covered this for "the daily show" and other outlets since the day of september 11. he joins me now. i know you've been vering this, this week as well. we're going to come back to congress andhat's happening w. but i want to first ask you to explain what exactly are these ling with?onders dea >> well, you heard we mentioned in the report that it started off with respiratory illnesses, and it wasthe classic world trade center cough which was iconic at the time. that got much worse. they got horrible stomach problems, sign situ surgeries to repair their nasal passages so they could actually breathe, and then the cancers started and a lot of them were very aggressive, fast-moving cancerand people who wre young and lived healthy lives before that, so it really made a lot of peoe take notice. >> is this population growing? even the funds they have now, it ems they're running through it

faster than they expected. >> oh, yeah, they're going through it much more quickly than they expected. much more people know about it and they're finding out they can apply, and alsthere are more cancers and more illnesses that are being recognized and people are coming forward. >> you told me a story about a current police officer who had to have his jaw replaced with a leg frohis bone who, nonetheless, was still coming to testify before congress. i'm curious, the issue forss congeems to have been the amount of money involved. s involvedoney i how much do they think is involved in the future? >> well, they passed-- it add up to $7.4 billion after they passed that legislation last time around in 2015. they've gone through about $5 billion of that. so there's pbably a little bit less than $2 billion. it's a moving target because they're paying out money as we go and as the special master testified yesterday, she needs about $5 billion to fill the current five-year gap at the n paying.y've bee and then you're talking about

10-plus years in the future, and that number is anyone's guess right now. rtainly many billions of dollars. >> oh, many billions of dollars. and the congressional budget office has been tasked withup comingith a number. they had they would have it, and they don't have it yet because i ink it's a vehard number to pin down. >> and we should mention the specthl master, that is person who administrates this particular fund. all doght, it's come to congress and i think the question a lot of people had, certainly jon stewart had yesterday, why has this been so hard for congress? what has been the hold-up for congress on is issue? >> well, the hold-up has been it's a new york issue. after that first rush of excitement or terror or horror af r the attacks, it fada little bit and sort of was seen as a regional issue. but that's really faded because people from all over the countre came, andle from all over the country are getting sick. so that has changed. and now it's actually moving a little bit ter than it has in

the past because here we are, a yearnd a half before the expiration of the fund, they've realized it's running out of money, and the house is in the process of acting, which is much better than it was in thear previous gonds. >> you said-- i think a lot of people will be surprised know to know that the people affected, it's a population of tens of thousands of amecans who rely tho fund either now or in the future. what other states are we talking about? we're not just talkin talking at newark. where are these people from. >> they're from 4ou t of 435 congressional districts, and that somebody sometimes canges because people move, right. for instance, in texas, there are some 700 people wh aped for the fund. and i believe-- >> in texas. >> in texas. and i belie it's around 400-- i'd have to double check-- who are actually eligible for some form ofat compen. you just go around the country, you'll find somebody. florida has thousands of peoe because so many new yorkers and new jersey residents moved there. >> and thenhey responded on 9/11. >> correct. >> there, at pennsylvania or the

pentagon. >> at the pentagon, one of the advocates, john field, was here e day before that hearing with jon stewart, doing outreach for the government, and he found 15 people with cancer who will erobably qualify for the fund. >> just this we >> just this week. in virginia. >> to wraphup, i think now the eyes are moving to the senate. the house is expected to pass thisill this th. senator mcconnell said he expects to do something compassionate as they have in the past, but he hasn't scheduled this bill. is the pressure enough now, do you think, to move this through the senate quickly? >> no, i don't think it's quite enough yet. mitch mcconnell has kentucky to worry about and n'kentucky dohave that many responders in it. they have other issues. but at the other-- you kn, the other sort of side of the miuation, he's up for re-election, and ht have a strong challenger. so perhaps he won't want to have that hanging oute thre. and then we'll see. >> all right, we'll continue to k tch. and thanyou for all your

coverage. michael mcauliff. >> all right, thanks, lisa. >> woodruff: stay with us. ,"coming up on the "newshohe looming threat of expertly-- and easily-- manipulated digital video. >> nathan englander shares his opinion on the power of ritual. with nearly 15 million members, the southern baptist convention is the largest protestant denomination in the united states. nofacing a reckoning of its own over sexual abuse. a "houston chronicle" vestigation found hundreds of clergy or staff allegedly committed abuse or misconduct over two decades. this week, delegates of southern baptist churches approved changes for the first time to make it easier to expel churches that cover up sexual abuse cases. rachael denhollander was the

first woman to publicly accuse larry nassar, the former sports doctor who was convicted of assaulting multiple girls an women. she spoke at the convention yesterday on a panel with fellow sexual abuse survivors and is on the denomination's sex abuse study group. she is also the author of "whatr is aworth? my story breaking the silence and exposing the truth about larry nassar and usaymnastics." rachael denhollander, thank you very much for being with us. so, you-- we know now that the church has made these changes. you've been talking to a number of survivors. i want to understand what your reade is of just how wide this abuse was. >> you knowunfortunately, the "houston chronicle rarticle didnveal anything that surexpriefers advocates haven't known for a long time, and that is that we hve a severe problem in protestant circles with

sexual abuse, not just by pastors, but by me of the church, and a severe problem with how chenurches frey handle disclosures of abuse. the top prostant insurance companies receive more claims by sexual abuse byn clergy thaen the catholic churches, and a lot of theotestant organizations have been held liable federal court for more than a decade for the issue of sexual abuse. so this has not come as a surprise it sureriers advocates. >> woodruff: you have said on your own that you believe that y the church r experience has not provided the kind support, the relief to survivors of sexual abuse that i could. what do you base that belief on? >> well, again, we see the numbers in terms of the rate of abuse. we see the numbers in terms of how many churches are found liable for handling sexual aassault claims. and in addition to, thathe survivor community has repeatedly said that the church has been, unfortunately, one of

the in a recent survey, that asked survivors what they thought wouldn't most helpful versus what actually ended up being the most helpful, churches were listed as one of the things-- one of the institutions thought to be the moshelpful until survivors went for help. and when survivors actually went for help, unfortunately, churches nked dead last, behind the option of "other." so, unfortunately, ngain, this a problem that is new to survivors and advocates. >> woodruff: in youow experience, has that been the case? >> i have received both ends ofh spectrum. i was abused in a church setting when i was seven years old, and i have-- have had very negative experiences with the church. i have also hads very poitive experiences with the church, and so my hope is that as the s.p.c. is moving forwa with these reforms and with a growing awareness of the problem, that more and morilsurvivorsbe able to experience the help and the comfort and the community they experienced from one of my churches. >> woodruff: and so these changes that were votedn by

the southern baptist contion, the s.b.c., to require churches to, in effect, to require more disclosure, to ask the chches step up, to do more, are these the kinds of changes thath yok are going to make a difference? >> i think these are absolutely the first steps tht need to be taken. you know, one o of t critical steps that the s.b.c. took was to amend the constitution to create a credentialing committee that can examine claims of abuse, and this is critical,o because that des greater transparency, greater accountability, and it puts ther framin place as we've never had before for being able to deal with these claims. the curriculum thatas been put together to help equip churches on the journey towards understanding abuse and be able to prevent and respond to it is a critical first step. that being said, again, survivors and vacation aware that this is a first step only. the frame and the foundation isy going to be as good as what's built upon it. and so my hope is that as the

s.b.c. moves forward that wi build upon this solid frame and undation. >> woodruff: it's my understanding you have said some in the southern baptist convention are undergening these ch that they were clearing nome of the local churches that should have been hed, should have been reprimanded. why did you make that statementr >> well, unnately, that's a matter of public record. the s.b.c.resident, j.d. greer, had put forward a list of churches that he belev merited closer scrutiny for how seey had handled sexual abu claims. but within a matter of days, the s.b.c.'s executive committee, who is in charge ofdoing that investigation, cleared seven out of those 10 churches without talking to survivors. and, unfortunately, did soona four-pronged base that was almost useless in evaluating whether churches mishandled abuse. and advocates and survivors and experts in teld of abuse could have explained to the executive committehthat te's four prongs that they were using to evaluate were not the corstrt

dards to be using. they were not helpful guidelines to be using. but, unfortunately, expert advice wasot sought. and so why that was done i think is somexhing that thecutive committee needs to wrest wel. i believe there are some in the executive commit thde those decisions out of ignorance. they simply didn't know and there were some that made those decisionskn owing that the criteria they established were not helpful and useful criteria. so, unfortunately, we have seen efforts to undermine what is b.c.g done in the that being said, the steps that were taken today by the majority of s.b.c. messengers i think are very positive, so i am hop>>efu. oodruff: and that's what i wanted to ask if you, if you overall have cofidence it is moving in the right direction. i do want to bring us back to michigan state university, because today, as we reported earlier, the former dean, who was alsohe boss dr. larry nassar, was convicted. he himself has now beenco nvicted of criminal conduct,ne

ect of duty, acquitted of criminal sexual misconduct, though, but he could still face up to years-- up to five years in prison. what's your reaction to all this? >> you know, dean strpel's negligence in supervising larry, putting larry bak in the office when he was under police investigation is something that we've known for quite a long me. so i am grateful to see the convicon for that cduct. i think it is necessary, and i think it is just. i am disappointed and discouraged to see that the survivors who reported assault by strampel, by dean strhiampel elf were not believed by the jury, because we know. we understand what dr. strampel's conduct was. his personnel file was full of warnings about h predatory behavior. and so i am disappointed to see a jury acquittal that count. >> woodruff: more broadly speaking, rachael denhollander,l we know that has happened since you initially came forward to be the first person touse

dr. nassar. we know that a number of institutions have as a result of the disclosures by you and so many otherso many other women who suffered sexual abuse. what do au think it alldds up to? do you think things have changed enough? whyou think has been done right and what more do you think needs to be done? >> i t thire is an extent to which we overestimate the change that has been made, honestly. because where the real test comes is how w reond when it's in our own community. how do we respond when it's our university, when it's our favorite sport team, our favorite coach, when it's in our religious institution or it's our political candidate, when it would cost something to care. and by and large, we are still seeing a circling of the wagons. the statistics on the ability to convict sex offenders have not shifted. we an excellent case of this with the university of southern california, u.s.c., where a

gynecologist at u.s.c., dr. george tyndall has had over men report sexual abuse. there are decades of evidence of nurses reporting dr. tyndall's conduct and yet there has not been a single criminal charge filed in his case. so the idea that we've had a massive cultural shift, that makes it easy for survivors to speaup and easy get justice, that's simply not accurate. we have a great deal of work left to do, and it starts with how we respond when it's in our n community. >> woodruff: very discouraging, but very important to hear. rachael denhahollander, you very much. >> thank you. >> woodruff: for the record we invitethj.d. greere president of southern baptist convention to join us for interview. he declined our request at this time. holiconight, u.s. roman cat bishops voted to create a new national hot line for reportg sex abuse allegations. it would be run by an pendent group who would relay claims of abuse to regional supervisory bishops. the service is supposed to gin

operating within a year. >> woodruff: there's growing arm over the use of fals videos, known as "deepfakes." videos that spread virally and often look real. in just the past few days, we've seen the problems th create for political leaders. it's the focus of a hearing tomorrow in the house intelligence committee. miles o'brien has a look at how those videos, once the source some fun, are being manipulated and how artificial intelligence scientists a trying to respond. it's part of our weekly segment on the "leading edge" of science. >> reporter: okay, let's see you being me. ( laughs ) scary as "deepfake" videos may be, there are times when they can be fun.

a ace where a 3d model of face gets electronically plastered onto computer scientist hao li's head... making him the puppet master, and me the dummy.ea >>y a scary looking individual. i do need to change my hair. >> reporter: li is an associate professor at the university of southern california, and co- founder of pinscreen, an appco that allowumers to make instant custom 3d avatars for virtual reality gaming a shopping. >> so now i created your avatar, right? so, we have your-- >> reporter: a nice, trim miles o'brien. e real-time puppet maste trick is how he refines the technology. and here i am our president. oh, yeah, that's about right, i think. shinzo abe, prime minister of japan. jin, leader of china. trudeau. it's not a bad look for me.

me ajustin bieber. >> what do you think? >> reporter: i think i going to do this on the newshour ath the time now will be good for my career. li sayhe never saw it as anything more than entertainment. >> of course, it can be used for something really bad, but the main purpose was never for that. it was to use for entertainment, a fun tool that could give us more things to do for fashion, lifeyle, et cetera. >> reporter: "deepfake" videos cleverly combine what's real with what is synthesized by a computer to make people appear to say things they never did-- or never would >> i like vodka. >> reporter: the ever increasing speed of computers along with e advancement of the artificial intelligenceni tee called "machine learning" is making these composites harder and harder to detect with the naked eye. >> we all assumed thathere will be a point where there's no way to tell the difference. i mean for visual effects, ige think you capretty close already. it's just the question of how

much effort you put into it, but ne terms of content that it can be created by ani think it's getting very close to the point. >> reporter: one technique is the face swap, which put steve buscemi's face on jennifer lawrence's body, nicholas cage onto a series of marquee stars in iconic roles, or jimmy kimmel's mug on mine. >> terrific! or jimmy kimmel's mug on mine. >> i've had to relearn very simple things. >> reporter: but there is a deep dark sidas well. indeed, the technology has been used to paste the faces of celebrities onto t s bodies of pors. computer scientist hany farid is a professor at dartmouth colleg >> i am worried about the weaponization and i'm worried w it's impacting us as a society. so, we are working as hard as possible to detect these things.

>> killing monger was right. >> reporter: this video crystallized much of the deep concern. what seems to be president o barama making a speech... >> see i would never say these things.s >> reporter:tually comedian and filmmaker jordan peele doing his excellent obamat impersn synced with software created with artificial intelligence-- or a.i. >> the a.i. system synthesized the mouth of president obama to be csistent with the audio stream and it made it look like president obama was saying things that he never said. that's called a lip-sync deepfake. >> reporter: just this week, the techniquwas used to put some pretty outrageous-- and comical- - words into the mouth of facebook founder mark zuckerrg. >> spectre showed me that whoever controls the data controls the future. >> reporter: it's a potent technology that is ripening at a time of deep polarization and suspicion fueled by social media. >> so sad, and here's the thing. >> reporter: just last month--

something much less sophisticated than a deep fake, a doctored video of house speaker nancy pelosi making her seem drunk, went viral. >> we want to give this president the opportunity to do something historic. >> reporter: deepfakes ratchet up the risks. >> the nightmare situation is that there's a video of president trump saying, "i've launched nuclear weapons against north korea," and somebody hacked his twitter account and that goes viral, in 30 seconds, we have global nuclear meltdown. do i think it's likely? no. a but it's nero probability and that should scare the bejesus out of you, right?us bethe fact that that is not impossible is really worrisome. >> reporter: farid is most worried about deep fakes rearing their ugly head during the 2020 election. so he and his team are carefully learninghe candidates' patterns of speech and how they correle with gestures, as a

way to spot deep fakes. >> and we do that,alf course, by ing hundreds of hours of hours of video of individuals. we're focused on blding models for all of the major party candidates, so that enough we n upload a video to our system. we can analyze it by comparing it to previous interviews justs like tterview here, and then asking, "what is the probability that this is consistent with everything we've en before?" >> reporter: computer scientists have pushed this technology using "generative adversarial networks," or gans. >> a gan pits two artificial intelligence algorithms against each other. one strives to create realistic fake images while the other grades the effort.o, >>he synthesis engine says, "i'm going to create a fake image, i give it to this a.i. system that says, ¡this looks fake to me,'" so it goes back and you change it and you do that a few billion times in rapid succession and the computers are teaching each other how to make better fakes. and that's what has democratized access. >> reporter: and that's why the pentagon is interested in deep fakes.

its research enterprise, the defense advanced research projects agency, or darpa, isg explorys to defend againstde the threat o fakes. computer scientist matt turek runs darpa's media forensics, or medifor, project. it>> so, there's an opport here for us to essentially lose all trust in images and video.r: >> reporurek showed me some of the 70 counter deep fake techniques dar is helping nurture. >> necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another. this software is designed to characterize lip movement d compare it to the audio. >> reporter: and so,e hen see thed bars, that means actually that sounds of the speaker are not actually consistent wh the movement of the lips. >> reporter: now take at this video. supposedly two people sitting together.bu software that determines the lighting angle on facess

concluit is a composite. >> so, it estimates a 3d model for the face, along with that 3d model, it estimates properties of the face, the reflectance properties of the face and also the lighting angles. and so, here we're primarily using the lightning angles to see whether those are constent or not. >> reporter: in this example, vio apparently gathered by security camera shows only one car. this artificial intelligence algorithm is designed to predict how things should move. >> what that is triggering off of is discontinuities in the motion. and so, that gives us a signal to look at an image or a video and say, "well, perhaps edames were remere." >> reporter: and it flags thre video as doc- another vehicle was edited out. >>e,here's a cat and mouse g right? the more aspects that you can use to debunk an image or video, the more burden th you put on the manipulator. >> repter: none of these ideas will work without the cooperation of the big sial

media platforms-- youtube and facebook-- which would need deploy the software and delete the fakes, something facebook refused to do when the pelosi video emerged. >> and the platforms have been, for the most part, very cavalier about how they deal wi this type of illegal content, harmful content, misinformation, fake news, election tampering, non consensual pornography, and the list goes on and on, because it gets eyes on the platform and that's good for business. >> reporter: a fake video amplified in an echo chamber caa awfully long way before the facts even enter the picture. for the pbs newshour, i'm miles o'brien in los angeles, berkeley >> woodruff: religion and itsct efpermeate the work of novelist nathan englander. raised in a hiwily observant family, englander turned

ecay from religion and made a decision to live aar life. but the rituals of religion stayed with him; notayer, but in the way he lived his haily life. tonight, englanders his humble opinion on the discipline joand focus he found, and that comes with it. >> when i left the religious community, i left it with a vengeance. like a rubber band stretched to breaking and then released, i shot off in the other direction- landing as far as i could from the thodox jewish world in which i'd been raised. instead of being faithful about fait i turned faithful about fiction. and for a long time, i saw it as a zero-sum game. but the more i wrote, the more i began to reaze how the religious rituals of my childhood fed the creative routines of my writing life. that is, i may have left the fold, but i seem to have brought two pillars of orthodox judaism along with me. sacred time and the other to sacred space. the time element was an obvious fit.

i adopted the "six days for creation and a seventh fort" model. i figured, if it worked for building this world,ould work for fictional ones as well. as the writing years piled on, i noticed something else: how i'd wait to sit at the same table at the same coffee shop every day, how i'd stake out my spot in the library, and i can hardly express how much i now cherishir my cnd my desk and my unchanging office-window view. this is where the sacred space comes in.to i finally unde the bigger idea behind what i was doing. it related directly to the notion of the makom kavua, of one's set place. it reminded me of sitting next to my fathern synagogue, how we sat in the same seats, of the same row, every week, in front of the little brass tags with our last name engraved on them. i'd ought that reserved spac for my father was about respect. i'd thought it was about honor. but it was more about engaging with worship-or writing-from a fixed place. because it's the combination of two elements, the daily rituals and the physical

routines, that i am convinced are key to whatever kind of transcendence it is you're after. whether you race to a 6:00 a.m. yoga classor morning mass, whether you need the window seat in your own coffee shop, or youh s kicked off so you can better feel the floor under you feet, providat kind of continuity for the body, is the best way to free up the mind. for the writer, it helps you build up a kind of creative reflex, so that the synapses fire off, and the images come. and fromhere, all you need to do is t back and watch your fingers fly. >> woodruff: nathan englander, we thank you. a larger-than-average algae bloom is forecast in the gulf of mexico this summer. you can learn why and what that means on our website, pbs/org. pbs.org/newshour. rand that's the newshour

tonight. on thursday, democratic presidential hopeful beto o'rourke joins me here i studio. i'm judy woodruff. join us on-line and again here tomorrow evening. for all newshour," thank you and see you soon. >> major funding f the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> kevin. >> kevin! >> kevin. >> advice for life. life well-planned. learn more at raymondjames.com. >> text night and day. >> catch it on replay. >> burning some fat. >> sharing the latest viral cat! >> you can do the things you like to do with a wireless plane signed for you. with talk, text and data. consumer cellular. learn more at consumercellular.tv >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more.nd >>ith the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals.

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hello, everyone. welcome to "amanpour & company.o here's what's ming up.re >>dent trump's tariffs pivot back to asia. as china says it's ready for a trade war and the cost mounts for everyday americans. senator angus king of maine joins us. then -- >> how didhis happen? at the end of the day, your honor, i have a s rtone-word answer. >> fighting big pharma over america's opioid will an oklahoma case against the giant johnson & johnson set a precedent? i speak to andy bashir, the attorney general of the hard-hit state of kentucky. and to the yale law professor abbey glock. >> thenti the b are coming