captioning sponsored by newshour proctions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight: rising tensions in the persian gulf as iran shoots down a u.s. drone following weeks of escalation between the two countries. then, with less than a week d before the firocratic primary presidential debate, senator amy klobuchar minnesota on her campaign for the nomination.av and, luciano potti-- the star ten who led an operatic life on and off the stage-- now the subject of a new documentar >> there's so much emotion and dramin opera and this was hi medium and it was very personal. i felt like we cou use opera to help tell the story of pavarotti and use pavarotti to

help us understand what it means to dedicate your lifto opera. >> woodruff: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversationsn a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. babbel's 10-15 minute lessons are available as an app, or online. more information on babbel.com. >> kevin. >> kevin! >> kevin. >> advice for life. life well-planned. learn more at raymondjames.com. ar

>> consumer cell >> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, technology, and improved economic performance anrafinancial li in the 21st century. >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovationsemn education,ratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security. at cargie.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporatiofor public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you.

>> woodruff: tensions between the u.s. and iran are running even higher tonight after the iranians shot down a u.s. drone. president trump called it ami "very biake", but he also appeared to play down the incident. foreign affairs correspondent nick schifrin begins our coverage. >> schifrin: today in tehran, speaking to a stadium of supporters, the commander in chief of iran's revoluy guard corps delivered a threat, as state tv released video of w what it sa the launch of a missile, and strike of a u.s. drone. e ( translated ): the downing of the american drs a clear and precise message to america, and the message is this: an enemy that violates our borders will not returwill be destroyed.>> schifrin: today at the pentagon, a spokesman introduced the head of u.s. air forces in the middle east, who, by phone, delivered a counter. >> this was an unprovoked sutack on a u.seillance asset that had not violated iranian airspace aany time during its mission. >> schifrin: both sides agre

iran shot down an rq-4a drone, whose wingspan is wider than a 737. the u.s. military says this video shows the drone's smokel. tr the he-said, he-said is over the drone's location. the u.s. military released this google map, showing what it said was the sam, or surface to air missile launch site, and u.a.v. or drone location over international waters. iranian foreign minister javad eared toeeted what a be a hand-drawn map, and said the drone violated iranian airspace, and was shot down in iranian territorial waters. >> i think probably iran mste a e. >> schifrin: at the white house, during a meeting with canadian prime minister justin trudeau, president trump left open the possibility the strike was not ordered by iran's senior leadership. >> i find it hard to believe it was intentional, if you want to know the truth. it could have been sy who was loose and stupid that did it. >> schrin: but regardless of who exactly ordered the tacks, the u.s. accuses iran of escalating its resistance.

last week, two tankers in the gulf of oman, and last month, four tankers in a near port were attacked by what u.s. officials say wereranian mines. that came after the u.s. has accelerated the deployment of an aircraft carri and sent bombers, and an additional 2,500 troops. and the u.s. continues to sanction all iran exports, threatening its ability to pay its bills. today on capitol hill, after a quickly called, closed-door briefing by the administration, senators split on how the u.s. ould respond. trump ally south carolina republican lindsey graham: >> so here's what iran needs to get ready for: severe pain inside their country. >> schifrin: and after an emergency meeting with top lawmakers at the white house, senate minority leader new york democrat chuck schumer: >> the president may not intend to go to war here, but we're worried that he and the administration may bumble into a

one of the best ways to avoid bumbling into a war-- that nobody wants-- is to have a robust, open debate, and forha congress t a real say. >> schifrin: president trump said today he would balance careaign promises, with a de to respond. >> look, i said i want to get out ofhese endless wars. i campaigned on that. i want to get out. but this is a new ainkle, this ew fly in the ointment-- what happened, shooting down the drone. and th country will not stand for it. >> schifrin:nd that means the tension will increase, and the cycle of confrontation will continue. for the pbs newshour, i'm nick schifrin. >> woodruff: we'll discuss the implications of all this, right after the news summary. in the day's other news: the u.s. senate voted to blo w $8 billion pons sales to saudi arabia. president trump had ed the sales, citing the tensions with iran. but a handfuof republicans joined democrats to defy a veto threat, and halt the sales. they cited the killing of saudi journalist jamal khashoggi, and the saudi role in the war in yemen.

china's president xi jinping arrived in north korea today, in a bid to break an impasse with the u.s. over nuclear weapons. the red carpet was rolled out for xi and crowds in pyongyang celebrated his arrival. he met later with north korea's leader kim jong un for talks. chinese state tv quoted kim as saying the u.s. needs to meet him halfway on the future of the north's nuclear arsenal. a u.n. report today offered grim new numbers on an unprecedented outbreak of african swine fevers acsia. in vietnam alone, 2.6 million pigs have died or been destroyed in recent months. in china, more than a million ltimals have died, and hea experts in hong kong are warning that the end is nowhere in sight. >> i think we won't have a d ccine for another two, three maybe five years, en if we have the vaccine, it would still beery difficult to push th virus back because we have so many pigs in mainland china.

>> woodruff: smaller outbreaks are report in five other countries. the virus does not affect humans. h t pork supplies are down, and prices are up as m 40% globally. russia's president vladimir putin has rejected findings that russians shot down a malaysian jetliner over ukraine in 2014. the attack killed 298 people. international prosecutors charged three russians and a ukrainian on wednesday, citing intercepted communications. but in moscow today, putin said, "there is no proof whatsoever."l and, hed ukraine for not closing its airspace. in san diego today, a surprise in the court-martial of navy seal edward gallagher. a prosecution witness claimed that he, not gallagher, killed an islam state fighter in iraq. fellow seal corey scott testified that gallagher stabbed the teen, but not fatally.

scott said he then suffocated the boy so that iraqi forcesul not torture him. prosecutors accused him of lying. said no one had ever ask for his whole story. former vice president joisbiden has did calls to apologize for saying t u.s. senate was more civil-- and got more done-- even when it included old-line segregationist several rivals sharply attacked biden, but the former delare senator stood by his statements. and, at the u.s. capitol today, house speaker nancy pelosi warned the dispute is a distraction in the democratic race. >> joe biden is authentic. he has lived his life, he considers certain things a resource, he has worked across the aisle, that's what he was saying. that's not what this election is about. this election is about how we connect with the american people addressing their kitchen table needs for us to spend time on an

issue like this which is important, but it's not central to what the election is about. >> woodruff: biden and nearly all of the two dozen democratic hopefuls will be in south carolina this weekend, at events cused on black voters.am alrepublican roy moore hashe announces running-- again- - for the u.s. senate. ng lost to democrat doug jones in 2017, after bccused of sexual misconduct. moore joins a crowded primary-- despite objections from president trump and other top republicans that he should stay out of it. a federal appeals court ruled today that trump administration rules stricting abortion access may take effect-- for now. the rules ban taxpayer-backed clinics from making abortion referrals or sharing space with abortion providers. the apals panel in san francisco lifted nationwide injunctions againsthe rules-- while the government appeals.

it turns out that about one in six hospal or emergency room visits are followed by a "surprise" medical bill. a study from the kaiser family foundation says millions of americans-- who have health insurance-- still face pricey out-of-network charges. a u.s. senate committee plans to vote next week on limiting those charges. and, on wall street: hopes for interest rate cuts helped e market move higher. the dow jones industrial average gained 249 points to close at 26,753. the nasdaq rose 64 points, and the s&p 500 added 27, to close at a record high of 2,954.il to come on the newshour: rising tensions-- how to respon to irawning a u.s. surveillance drone?ur the supreme allows a religious monument to stand on public land, hunger in the north-- how starvation and ildrought in north korea w

impact u.s. policy toward the country, and much more. >> woodruff: as we reported, strains in the relationship between the u.s.nd iran worsened today with the downing of an american surveillance drone by the iranians. how serious is this turn of events and how should the u.s. respond? for some answers we turn to: stephen hadley who served as national security advisor to president george w. bush. and gérard araud, he was france's ambassador to the united states from september 2014 until a couple of months ago. gentlemen, welcome back to the "newshour". thank you for being here. first of all, to you, steve hadley, how serious is this s incident on ale of, i don't know, one to ten?pr hovocative a violation?

>> it's probably a seven. the things that iran has done up to this point, threatening our troops and seville yanls in iraq, these attacks onl oi tankers, attacks on some facility in saudi arabia, these were sort of the typical pattern in that they were -- everybody knew th the iranians did them bt they were done in a way that was deniable and, of course, theie iranians dethem and it was basically a signal to the united states that we can hurt you if you continue this pressure. what's different about this is whether the drone was inte ational airspace or domestic airspace, it clearly was shot down by the iranians. there's no denight club here. so -- no deniability here. it's a step up, so i think it's a seven. >> woodruff: we should note, ambassador araud, the pentago released in the last hour a drawing, a map that shows the

flight path to have the drone which they say proves it never was in iranian airspace. whether it was in iranian airspace or not, what should the u.s. do? it's a serious incident because it sparked anca tion. president trump, i think, reacted in a very restrained way which means, actually, he doesn't want to go further intoe thcalation by saying it could have been a mistake or an isolated decision. but we have an escalation, it's a fact. so now whate have to do, very clearly, is how debt to a escalation in this tension between iran and the u.s. >> woodruff: and how should that happen? >> you know, the americans are waging an economic war against

iran. thl, and they say it, to choke the iranian economy. we kat, sooner or later, the iranians would react. they have reacted. we have now ths maximum tension. what we need is diplomacy. the americans have said the objectives, their 12 demands, the iranians are notng go accept the 12 demands overnight, so the americans and t iranians have now to engage inti nificant diplomatic conversation. >> woodruff: stephen hadley, how likely do you think it is that this diplosatic convon will happen and what do you think the u.s. should do is this. >> well, there are about thr options that are being talked about, and your show quotedgr senator lindseam. there are some who say there should be some military retaliatioto these incidents against iran to deter futher behavior. another option people are

talking about is putting the united states putting togetherie with other ala force to defend the tankers that come through the straits of hormuz so that this doesn't escalate til t ithreatens global oil supplies. i think it's less likely but i iothink a third optvery much along the lines of what ambassador araud has suggested and it's something tropeans would propose which is, look, let's stand down, let's have a freeze on the increasing pressure is putting on iran, let's have a freeze on the steps the iranians have taken t increasingly move out of the nuclear agreement and let's have a negotiation with all issues on the table.e in terms of t problems with the nuclear agreement, iran'sll tic missile program, its activities in the region and the complaints ttt iran has ab the united states, that is a way to deescalate it.

the administration president trump said he would like a negotiation, the iraans far ruled it out. the question is whether each could say to their own pple that their toughness brought the other to t negotiating table. it's a way to stand it down but relatively unlikely at this point. >> woodruff: can there be ade calation, ambassador araud, if the trump administration policy at maximum pressure continues? >> well, i think, you know, we need, i guess, agesture, something, you know, which could be in terms of the pressure, the economic pressure, for instance, that the u.s. could give a waiver, you know, for the countries who trade with iran. so it could be, you know, a small gesture, and expecting that there could be also something reciprocated by the iranians. but we need difficuleed need di.

people went to iran and discussed with the iranians to see whether a discussion is possibly. we need diplomatic conversationn we need to establish a dialogue with the iranians even if it's low key and confidential. >> woodruff: steve hadley, is that kind of low-key outreach likely when some of the president's advisors appear to want a more aggressive approach to iran? >> the president made it clear he would like conversation with the iranians and the president makes theke decision in this, but i think it's possible. it does take two, and the niansion is whether the ira are willing to do such a thing. e e foreign minister in tast

has said we're prepared to talk if americans treat th respect, which in some sense opens the kind of door for the gesture mr. ambassador was talking about. >> woodruff: mr. ambassador, you also he a sit on the iranian side. >> there are splits on both sides. we shoeuldn't forget th responsibility of the crisis is also an iranian responsibility. it because to have the activities of iran throughout the region. you know, misitsile acts but also terrorist activities and regional activitie so we have t handle these activities, and i think it would be more efftive if the americans were working with the europeans, as stephen hley has just said, because eureopeans really willing to work to handle, also to cope with these threats. so it's always better to work with allies, soit would be certainly better for the u.s. also to work with the europeans to see what we can do with the

iranians, if we can do something with the iranians. >> woodruf former ambassador gerard araud, stephen hadley, we thank you both. >> thank you very much. >> woodruff: a maryland world inr one memorial in the form of a cross will stalace on public land, after the supreme oucourt overturned a lower's ruling in a seven to two deci explains, the case comes as hundreds of challenges are pendg in lower courts, over objections to religious monuments on public nds. >> yang: judy, the 40-foot high monument, known as theaspeace cross"uilt in 1925 to honor 49 county residents who died in rld war one. five years ago, a group of local residents sued sayg the cross, which is maintained by the state, violates the firsts

amendmentablishment clause, which bars government from favoring one religion over another. today supreme court justice samuel alito wrote in the majority opinion that: tom goldstein is publisher of scotusblog.com. understand all of.s us this tom, this is a part of a long debate about religious symbols in public space. what's the significance of this? >> arod the country, there ar hundreds of crosses lie this for ten commandments monument and people who are not of a particular faith or who are atheists feel it excludes them. so this decision ys we're going to put an end to the fights about the old monmonuments, this one has been

ound 100 years. they are understood to be monuments to valor. they're notbout religion. we're going to let them be. >> reporr: this is toraw a line under the debate and end it. will this result in lower courts rowing out other cases? >> if you have other cases about monuments like these, som'sethig theen around for many decades, then pretty much so, unless tre was somspecial indication it was likely discriminatory when it was fir put up. if it's like this one and seems to be neuiftral eve embodied in a religious symbol, old ones are okay, but doesn't mean state or local government could put up a new cross today.e >> reporter: spoke of hostility toward religion, this is the phrase also used involving the case of a colorado baker efused to design a cake for a same-sex couple and their state penalty was overturned by the supreme courtw is this a ay of looking at it or a new thought among this

supreme court>> hat's right. the supreme court has gotten more conservative and more concerned that the government should not discriminate against religion that at the verleast it wants it to be neutral. ose who favor separation of church and state don't think it's an issue. but there are those who through taking it down would be hostile to religion and that's a big problem. >> justice ginsburg took thel unusep of reading her dissent from the bench and said, in prt, by maintaining the peace cross on a public highway, the commission elevates christianity over other fai ifd religion over non-religion. what's the siance of her taking that step? >> sure. you have the procedural thing that she hacksly read from the dissent which sin credibly unusual. happens 3:00 or four times a year and the one thing a supreme court justice can can do to

signal i see a huge probl here. then with what she was doing and how she was writing and analyzing the problem, she wasn't really taking a look bacw and, you khow has this monument become unerstood over the decades and almost a century, she looks at it today as if she were driving down the street and saw this cro ad said that is absolutely the government putting up a religious monument. >> but decide her dissent, the supreme court said full stop. >> and by a majority, two of the other justices joined justice alito. both justice breyer and kagan agreed the monument could stay. >> reporter: tom goldstein of scotusblog.com, thank you very much. >> thanks for having me. >> woodruff: stay with us. coming up on the newshour: 2020

democratic presideial candidate, senator amy klobuchar, scientists search for a universal vaccine for multiple strains of the flu virus, and a new documentary on the life of opera tenor luciano pavarotti. but first, xi jinping's visit to pyongyang today was the first by a chinese leader in 14 years. over a two-day summit, the leaders will discuss the denuclearization and other issues, including providing north korea much-need humanitarian assistance. just yesterday, south koa announced it would send over 50,000 tons of rice to the north. hunger is a way of life for many north koreans, but nick schifrin is back to report that reconditions inside north are worsening, and hunger is increasing. >> schifrin: in the most isolated country on the planet, the u.n. says 10 million north koreans don't have enough food. dry spells and low rainfall produced the worst harvest in a

sacade. and u.s. and u.ntions mean farmers work with rudimentary tools.s, instead of tracthey use oxen. north korea is one of the world's poorest countrd has long faced food shortages. but now the world food program sa they're worse. last month they studied the shortage and called for an urgent hanitarian intervention into north korea, also known as the d.p.r.k. >> what is clear is that the succession of bad drought, aratwave, and floods this is badly impacting the crop production. >> schifrin: as seen in world food program video, ms. ri is a cooperative farmer, cause of the bad harvest and the lack of tools, she's not making enough money. and so the chicks she raises to eat, will have to be sold so she can get by. instead, she'll eat just rice d cabbage. already, one in five north korean children are too short for their age because of poor nutrition. and the communist government is providing them less. in 2018, the daily food ration

was 380 grams-- the equivalent of eight small potatoes. but in january, the ration dropped by a quarter. >> around 40% of the population are considered to be food- insecure and in need of urgent food assistance. >> schifrin: but u.s. officialss say the probn't as bad as the u.n. depicts, because many north koreans get their food m from privaarkets, seen here in rare footage filmed by an anti-north korean activist group. but humanitarian workers say the problem runs deentr, and is ur >> we're talking about up to 20,000 kids that could potentially not survive. >> schifrin: dr. kee paris a korean neurosurgeon who's been visiting the country for the past 12 years, training doctorsv when he first ed, the hospital had x-ray machines. today, because of a lack of supplies, he operates as if in the 19th century.

>> we don't have the x-ray t machine l us exactly where we are. and we had to rely on other markers other anomical points to guess where we are. >> schifrin: he blames u.n. and u.s. sanctions. they began in 2006, and included eviously military items l tanks, combat aircraft and technical training. by 2017, the u.n. imposed its strictest sanctions yet, on "all industrial machinery, transportation vehicles, iron, steel and other metals." that has had side effects. >> basic medical equipment, almost every one of them, have broken down and were now unable to repair because of parts availability. medical equipment should not be part of sanctions. >> schifrin: and was that the case 12 years ago, when you started? >> no. >> schifrin: the sanctions are n designed to stth korea from redirecting machinery, metals, and aid to its missile and nuclear program. the restrictions are necessary, argues former state department official balbina hwang.te >> when the ational , mmunity rallies and then pours aid into the counten the

government unfortunately receives distributing it to the people in it basically extracts it and we think diverts it and proceeds tviuse it for aces that unfortunately are very, very threatening to the international community. >> schifrin: u.s. officials also accuse kim jong-un of diverting resources to himself, and the military officials he's surrounded by. the u.s. says he wanted to, he could alleviate his people's hunger and poverty-- that sanctions have exacerbated. >> there is certainly no doubt that the north korean population is suffering greatly under international sanctions and this is primarily due-- well, completely due-- to the actions of a very, very terrible regime. >> schifrin: but humanitarian officials say despite the regime's evils, the u.s. should still help the north korean people. >> humanitarian engagement should not be connected to politics.

the vulnerable should not be hurt by these political shifts. >> schifrin: chris rice is the northeast asia representative for the mennonite centralco ittee, a faith-based organization that sends food aid, hygiene kits, and water to north korean hospitals. he began leading humanitarianea trips four ago, and was on the ground last month. >> we visited thspe pediatric als. kids were malnourished, and also diarrhea, chronic diarrhea, and that indicates lk of clean water. >> schifrin: joy yoon and her husband stephen have worked in nort decade. r more than a creatingabilitation center for children with cerebral palsy and autism. children like oo-ein, a quadriplegic with cerebral palsy. after 11 months of therapy and treatment, she walked for the first time. yoon says president trump's

maximum pressure campaign and nip kind of medical equipment that has even a hint of metal in it is sanctioned from entering north korea. all these things complicate what we're doing in north korea and it really slows the progress. >> reporter: their progress was temporarily halted after >> schifrin: their progress was temporarily halted when american student otto warmbier was arrested and tried by the north rean regime. he came home in 2017, in a vegetative statey and died shorter. afterward, the u.s. required all u.s. citizens to apply for ada special vaon passport to enter north korea. by last year, the administration stopped allowing humanitarian workers into the country entirely. this year, the state department eaose travel restrictions, but maintained sanctions. >> we are waiting to see if we can achieve the goals of getting north korea to move in the right direction of denuclearization.

unfortunately it seems that north korea is probably not going to denuclearize. and so for the time i think we have to continue where we are with the restrictions. >> schifrin: but humanitarian workers say that policy punishes the innocent. >> the u.s. possesses overwhelming economic, political, and diplomatic power. and right now they're exercising these powers to block and prevent humanitari assistance. u.s. policies are actually contributing to deaths of dnocent pregnant mothers children. are we willing to accept that these deaths in the name of u.s. national security? >> schifrin: u.s. officials say they are trying to balance national security, with allowing some humanitarian aid. but whoever's at fault, it is ordinary north koreans, who need help the most. for the pbs newshour, i'm nick schifrin.

>> woodruff: in just six days, democratic senator amy klobuchar of minnesota will take the stage for the first 2020 dprocratic partidential debate.s shone of 23 candidates in foe crowded field competin the nomination. welcome to the newshour. >> welcome to the "newshour", senator klobuchar. >> thank you, judy. it's great to be on. >> woodruff: there are 23 of you. >> who's counting. >> woodruf soat makes amy klobuchar stand out? why shouldoters choose you over the others to go up against president trump? >> i am the candidate from the heartland. there are just a few of us from middle america. as you know, we had a littleou e in the last election, and i have consistently won in the midwest in very red congressional districts every time, every place and eve time

i've run, so that's one thing. the second is that i have a focuon what i think matters to the people of this country and that is bringing back the heart and strength of our democracy. we have someone in the white house who tries to fracture tha community art every day. i have been able to bring people together. i passe over 100 bills as the lead democrat amid all this gridlock since i have been in congress, and i am someone whohe can leadarty to victory and lead the ticket even beyond the presidential rac >> woodruff: so this week you've put out a list of 137 priorities. you said for the first 100 days you would be in office as president. >> yes. >>uff: that's a big number. >> yes. >> woodruff: what matters most to you this list? >> my first priority is to sign us back into theer inttional climate change agreement, stop the assault on our healthcare. literall there are so many things a president can do. over 100 of these are things

that a president can do withouts cong you can just stop these court cases in which they're trying to basically reepeal the afforda care act, throw people off their healthcare if they have pre-existing conditions. then a third i mentioned isñhmq the status of the dreamers and people who are hereñr on leg temporary status. again, something that you couldn do without hto deal with congress. and not that i don't think we need the do those big bills when it comes to pharmaceutical prices and other things which are top priorities, but there are things you can do immediately, and i think there is a sense of urgency. people are weary after years of rump.d they want to get back to moving forward for this country. >> woodruff: i'm askingñi you about that in parent because, as you know, inil 2016,ry clinton was criticized by some for having a lieutenant of plano buhaving an underlying, simply-stated message. what is your simply-stated memessage? >> mage is to bring the heart and strength back to

america, to give the people of this contry a government that's as good as they are and, right now, president trump has brought us into chaos, whether it's his escalation with this looming crisis of iran, all of his own making by getting out of the agreement, or whether it was he fact he said he would bring down pharmaceutical prices and we now literally have thousands of drugs that have gone up p inice astronomically since he came into office. there are things that need to be done in this country and he literally has been sitting on the economy, something that basically he ienheritedause to have the resiliency of our workers and budinesses not taking ton challenges we have today. >> woodruff:ou mentioned iran. tbhoa the iranians shot down ans aircraft-sizeddrone overnight. what should the u.s. do right now? >> we should be working with our allies, we should be using

diplomacy, we should be making sure tt we do all t not escalate this right now, and what i fear is, even if you take the president at his word that he doesn't want to go to war ght now, he has put in place a number oh tings, most predominantly getting out of a threement, how he has proceeded with his sabery rattling tweet, leaving the implementation of that agreement in the hands of china and ruse a wh don't want to give them leverage, or our allies. m afraid, with the kind of people around him when you don't have a genal mattis anymore and he just lost his acting secretary ofefense, that he doesn't even have people around him that are going to be giving him sound advice n it comes with how to deal with this. so my answer, is number one, if he is serious about doing anything there, he has to go to congress for authorization of military force, henot rely on the 9/11 al quaida authorization ofilitary force,

and that's something we hope to be voting on next week. then secondly, ifs president, we would negotiateve oursback into the nuclear agreement to make sure that iran doesn't get a nucar weapon. >> woodruff: that the u.s. pulled out of. a question about former vice president biden leading in all the pol he has created a stir among democrats this week with comments he made about, back in the 1970s, he said he had god working relationships with a number of senators who had very different views, senators on the far right of the political spectrum but saihe worked wi them in order to get things done.oo senator coryr has taken issue with that and said that's not the model for how to make alerica a safer places spe for people of color. you are known for working across the aisle. do you think it is a mistake to work with people who have fundamentally different values? >> well in this case, you are talking about a segregationist. i think if you're asking about working with this someone like

that, which is way before my time, i think you have to calm hit out on it. if you'rvice president, you can't lie and say you didn't work with them, but you have to call people out for what they are and make very clear that while you may have worked with them on something that you may have disagreed witsomething that extreme. >> woodruff: what does that mean? >> he's just looking back in time and talking about it. i think it's important to call them out. the second thing is we're looking at a different moment in time where we have a president in the white house who basically said there were two sides afteró charlottesville. there's only one side the amican side, because the her is the ku klux klan. you have to stand your ground os certain ues and find common ground. how you talk about it right now, when so many people feel they are being pushed out and that this is a president that goes

ter immigrants, goes after people of color, does it blatantly, sey, by tweet, by words, that you have to be able to recognize that when you are the leader of the country w druff: let me come back to the question. is there anywhere you would dra a line or anyone you would noth work with iss. >> right now, you as the president, i think you have to be willing to negotiate and meet with anyone. this has been something that president obama talked about a lot, right. you have to be willing t ta to people like kim jongn un,d these are dictators. the problem is are you going to do it for a certain result or do like president trump seems to do as a dstraction where he says i love the guy? you have to do it with purpose and stand your ground. i think this wees news tht we've learned more about saudi arabia and the prince actually ordered the killing of a american journalist andha

dismemberment,s when you saw the senate go after the arm sales today because there's a difference of being willing to talk to someone and beingery clear when you disagree with them or when they're a thug or ahey do something that is racist that you have to it, and i think that's the issue we're talking about here. woodruff: last question, pure politics. you talk about midwestern valuesyou're from minnesota. next door, there is iowa. a lot of peopleñmó are saying ay klobuchar has to win or comes close in iowa to be via >> i believe i have to be viable in terms of getting in the top group. i don't think i have to win it because there's a whole country to run in. but we have a really good operation down there. ia.hink i'm number 6 in i >> woodruff: can you be sixth and be viable? >> i think i haveñkixdome in the top six, but i'm six and that means i'm ahead of 18 ople, so

i'm a glass half full person.st we jusrted out. i don't have the name identification even in iowa of some of my colleagues that ran before and have bigger states, so it's on me as time goes on to t out there and bring the message. i'm a candidate that is a senior member of the agriculture committee that has taken on the oil companiewhen it com to biofuel, that has dealt with a world america as practically any of the other candidates running and thapt going to be important in iowa. >> woodruff: amy klobuchar, less than week away from that first debate. thank you very much. >> judy, thank you very much. >> woodruff: we conclude our series on the fight ag influenza examining what many believe is the best potentialon wegainst the disease: a universal vaccine that would protect against not just a fewir

strains of the, but a possiblyll of them. william brangham has the latest on this potentially game- changing research. >> brangham: the sayg goes, "know ur enemy," so when it comes to an enemy like influenza, researcherst the vaccine research center are getting up close and personal with the virus.o this is the site, in yellow. >> brangham: using virtual reity, this team, which is part of the natial institutes of health, has enlarged influenza over 200 million times its normal size to search inside for the best line attack. >> this is actually where the virus binds to the human cell, in pink. >> brangham: to those who've spent decades in this field, like dr. barney graham, these new tools are a big leap forward. >> to me, the really amazing part of this is that when i came to this center 20 years ago, we were just dissolving flu viruses and injecting them and hoping for the best.

and now we can actually see what we're doing. b >>ngham: they want to design a better weapon against flu. the holy grail is what's called the "universal influenza vaccine"-- a shot that would protect against all known and unknown strains of the virus. dr. antony fauci heads the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases. he says these new techniques mae finally his potent tool a reality. a >> several yea, i wouldn't have been able to give you even an approxition of when that would be because the science was not giving us the clues that we could actually do th now with these exquisite technies of structure based vaccindesign, i think we are in shooting distance as it were. >> brangham: as it stands now, every year, public health officials manufacture a flu vaccine to target what they predict will be the next seasonal flu virus strains to

spread around the world. that's what goes into our yearly flu shot. e the reason that it must given every year is that the virus itself mutates andt's unrecognizable often from one year to the next. >> brangham: dr. jeremy brown studies emergency medicine at the national institutes of health, and wrote the book "influenza: the hundred year hunt to cure the deadliest disease in history." brown points out there's no other virus we have to keep vaccinating against year after year. not polio, not mumps, not rubella-- only influenza. >> this shapeshifter of a virus is the thi that keeps everybody on their toes because you can be looking at one virusa and produce ine for it, and unbeknownst to everybody-- even with the best science that have out there-- unbeknownst to everybody, the virus changes just a little bit, it becomes unrecognizable to the immune system and does its damage. >> braham: and that vaccine for the prior strain is worthless.

>> and vaccine for the prior strain is worthless against that new strain. >> brangham: not only does seasonal flu change, but every now and then, a brand new so called "novel strain" emerges, and that's what has the potential to create fdeadly, glob pandemic. one of these novel strains isst what killed anated 50 to 100 million people back in 1918. it's considered the worst natural disaster in recorded human history. it's what public health officials worry could happenda again >> we've got to be able to have something that when a new pandemic virus emerges we already have something ready on the shelf to do something about it. something that you could make and it would be usable so that when you stockpile it, it ally is a stockpile against anything >> brangham: not fighting yesterday's battle... >> brangham: to do that, fauci says, they have to develop a vaccine that targets a section of the flu virus that doesn't shift from strain to strain, one

that presents a more consistent target. >> ...that's the whole strategy of the universal flu v. and even when it makes a big change to become a pandemic, that that vaccine will be good against any iteration of the virus. >> brangham: just last month, the national institutes of health began human trials of their latest universal flu vaccine. >> just relax your muscle. >> brangham: study volunteers receive researchers will later monitor their blood to see if their immune systems react and develop a >>rong defense. ou did great. >> brangham: but anthony fauci says we still have a long way to go. >> are we completely prepared so that if we get a pandemic flu we're going to be okay? no. if we get a pandemic flu we will ag much better than we would have done years but we're not going to be okay. we're not going to be okay. >> brangham: preliminary results from the universal vaccine

trials will be coming soon. for the pbs newshour, i'm william brangham. >> woodruff: a new documentary on the life and art of luciano pavarotti, which was directed by ron howard, has opened nationwide. jeffrey brown has a preview, part of, "canvas," our continuing series on arts and culture. ♪ >> called his voice a gift from god.y certai was a gift to millions of opera lovers, and many more, who were new to the music, and came to love theuo charismatic,nt, larger- than-life man making it. people like acclaimed director n howard.

>> he was so remarkable and the music is so stunning, and when you regnize what it means to y, able to perform those arias, perform in that he kind of commitment, i felt like the story was veryresh and i felt >> brown: the result is the ne documentary, "pavarotti": filled th archival footage, interviews with family and friends and, of course, music. ♪ there's his childhood in modena and rise on opera stages, the world-wide phenomenon of the three tenors-- pavarotti, the celebrity who hobnobbed with rock stars-- even as many in the opera world criticized the melding with pop. and the charity work came more and more to occupy his time. director howard was first known as a child actor-- opie in "then

griffith show"-- and thenme >> my is -- (bird song) i brown: and then as a major director of filmluding hit comedies like "splash" and dramas such "a beautiful mind," for which he won an oscar for best director. he's more recently turned to non-fiction looks at the lives heof celebrated musicians: beatles, jay-z, and now pavarotti. and en we met recently at th metropolitan opera house in new york, a second home to the great tenor, i asked about the pavarotti that emerged f him. >> a very complicated, teresting character, which is what i'm always drawn to. whether it's scripted or in documentaries: how is this character going to surprise us? and there are a lot of things that surprised me. i thought it was very interesting that he was not a prodigy. that his father was a really

good amateur tenor, but couldn't make a living at it and was a baker. and he wasn't going to pursue it. and yet his mother said, "go for it." and even after that, even being sanctioned by mom, six, four years of just training before hl even begin to initiate anything that you could call a career. >> brown: the film was made with the support and participation of pavarotti's family, including his first wife and three daughters. but it also shows his infidelith anscandal that came with a his loveffair and eventual marriage to nicoletta mantovani, many years his junior. they would spend 14 years together and have a daughter before his death in 2007. mantovani now heads the luciano pavaroi foundation, based in bologna, which runs a museum and helps support talented young singers. >> he always said, "when you have somebody or a situation in front of youtry to look for

the good part of it, because if you always look for the bad you become theorst person." >> brown: is it possible to separate the man from the work, the man from the music? >> no. impossible. impossible because luciano really lived everything he was singing, you know, inside. >> brown: what does that mean? >> he received this big gift from god and he knew it. he always said, "i'm never in competition with others, but i am in competition with myself, to honor this talent because i've received this gift and i have to share it with eerybody." ♪ >> watching these close-ups of these performances. d as a director i felt it was sort of like watching marlon brando or meryl streep orbo so. ike he could express so much through the music.

♪ >> brown: ron howard says those performances helped him tell the larger story. >> there's so much emotion and dramin opera and this was hi medium and it was very personal. personal to him at times. and that was the convincer, when i felt like we could use opera to help tell the sto of pavarotti and use pavarotti to help us understand what it means to dedicate your life to opera. ♪ >> brown: passion and insecurity, love and betrayal, soaring art: it's all there. and for ron howard, a more personal lesson. >> man, was he courageous! i'm so impressed. in fact, if there was a lesson for me, ron, in all this, it was the way that even after

establishing his stardom and his career making tremendous amounts of money, establishing that he had this earning power, he still took risks in his life. "i think i can do something for people. i think i can do something for the world and perhaps even doth sog for opera." they might not understand it, ivbut this pressure, this he felt this excitement to be this ambassador to democratize opera on a social level that was it took guts and he it. >> brown: for the pbs newshour, i'm jeffrey brown at the mewopolitan opera house in york. ♪ se woodruff: has to be a powerful thing t on the newshour online right

now: this year's measles outbreak has pushed the u.s. closer to the days when measles ran amok. we explore the measles comeback in three helpful charts. find that on our website: pbs.org/newshour. and that's the newshour for tonight. on friday: personal stories marking the 50th anniversary of the stonewall uprising. i'm judy woodruff. join us online and again here tomorrow eveng with mark shields and david brooks. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank yoand see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> ordering takeout. >> finding the west route. >> talking for hours. >> planning for showers. >> you can do the things you like to do with a wireless plan designed for yout with talk, td data. consumer cellular. learn more at consumercellular.tv >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like span french, german, italian, and more. babbel's 10-15 minute lessons

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♪ ♪ hello, everyone, and welcome to "amanpour & company." here'shat's coming up. we can get brexit done. we can win. >> the selection process for the next british conservative party leader and prime minister. we delve into the life and politics of theru froner, boris johnson. then -- >> the united states is a great countr it's not the only country and that you can learn a great deal outside of your shores. >> valerie jaret,ba president ck obama's senior adviser joins us. how she's found her own voiw dishing on life and politics. plus --? despite the fact that we are all different from each other, i believe we are united by our common humanity. >> author and sociologist nicholas christokus looks on the bright side of humanity. ♪