captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc dr >> wf: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight: risinge tensions in thian gulf as iran shoots down a u.s. drone unllowing weeks of escalation between the two ies. then, with less than a week before the first democ primary presidential debate, senar amy klobuchar of minnesota on her campaign for the nomination. and, luciano pavarottihe star tenor who led an operatic life oand off the stage-- now the subject of a new documentary. >> there's so much emotion and drama in ora and this was his medium and it was very personal. i felt like we could use ora to help tell the story of pavarotti and use pavarotti to

help us understand what it means to dedicate your life to ope. >> woodruff: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. babbel's 10-15 minute lessons are available as an app, or online. re information on babbel.com. >> kevin. >> kevin! >> kevin. >> advice for life. life well-planned. learn more at raymondjames.com. >> consumer cellular.

>> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, technology, and improved economic performance and financial literacy in the 21st century. >> carnegie corporation of new york. cupporting innovations in education, democra engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security. at carnegie.or >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you.

woodruff: tensions between the u.s. and iran are running even higher tonight after the iranians shot down a u.s. droner presidenp called it a "very big mistake", but he also appeared to play down the incident.af foreigirs correspondent nick schifrin begins our coverage. t >> schifriay in tehran, speaking to a stadium of supporters, the commanr in chief of iran's revolutionary guard corps delivered a threat,s as state tv re video of what it said was the launch of a missile, and strike of a u.s. drone. >> ( translated ): the downing of the american drone was a clear and prece message to america, and the message is this: an enemy that violates our borders will not return and will be destroyed. >> schifrin: today at the pentagon, a spokesman introduced the head of u.s. air forces inth middle east, who, by phone, delivered a counter. >> this was an unprovoked attacl on a u.s. survce asset that had not violated iranian airspace at any me during its mission. >> schifrin: both sides agreet iran swn an rq-4a drone,

whose wingspan is wider than a 737. the u.s. military says this video shows the drone's smoke trail. the he-said, he-said is over the drone's location. e u.s. military released this google map, showing what it said was the sam, or surface to air missile launch site, and u.a.v.r rone location over international waters. iranian foreign minister javad zarif tweeted what appeareto be a hand-drawn map, and said the drone violated iranian airspace, and was shot down inan n territorial waters. >> i think probably iran made a mistak >> schifrin: at the white house, during a meeting with canadian prime minister justin trudeau, riesident trump left open the possibility the was not ordered by iran's senior leadership. >> i find it hard to b it was intentional, if you want to know the truth. it could have been somebody who was loose and stupid that did it. >> schifrin:ut regardless of who exactly ordered the attack the u.s. accuses iran of escalating itsesistance.

last week, two tankers in the gulf of oman, and last month, four tankers in a nearby port were attacked by what u.s. officials say were iraan mines. that came after the u.s. has accelerated the deployment of an aircraft carrier andent bombers, and an additional 2,500 troops.s. and the ontinues to sanction all iran exports, threatening its ability to pay its bills. today on capitol hill, after a quickly called, closed-door briefing by the administration, senators split on how the u.s. r shoupond. trump ally south carolina republican lindsey graham: >> so here's what iran needs to get ready for: severe pain inside their country. >> schifrin: and after an opergency meeting with lawmakers at the white house, senate minority leader new york >> the president may not intend to go to war here, but we're worried that he and thead nistration may bumble into a war. one of the best ways to avoid bumbling into a war-- a war that

nobody wants-- is to have a robust, open debate, and for congress to have a real say. >> schifrin: president trump said today he would balance campaign p to respond. a desire >> look, i said i want to get out of these empless wars. i gned on that. i want to get out. but this is a new wrinkle, this in a new fly in the ointment-- what happened, shodown the drone. and this country will not stand for it. >> schifrin: and that means the onnsion will increase, and the cycle of confrontaill continue. for the pbs newshour, i'm nick schifrin. >> woodruff: we'll discuss the implications of all this, right after the news summary. in the day's other news: the ss. senate voted to block $8 billion in weapoes to saudi arabia. president trump had approved the sales, citing the tensions with iran. but a handful of republicans joined democrats to defy a veto threat, and halt the sales. they cited the killing of saudi journalist jamal khashoggi, and the saudi role in the war in yemen. china's president xi jinping

arrived in north korea today, in a bid to break an impasse with the u.s. over nuclear weapons. the red carpet was rolled out for xi and crowds in pyongyang celebrated his arrival. he met later with north korea's leader kim jong un for talks. chinese state tv quoted kim as saying the u.s. needs to meet him halfway on the future of the north's nuclear arsenal. a u.n. report today offered grim new numbers on an unprecedentedi outbreak of n swine fever 6 ross asia. in vietnam alone, llion pigs have died or been destroyed in recent months.mo in china than a million animals have died, and health experts in hong kong aning that the end is nowhere in sight. >> i think we won't have a vaccine for another two, three f ybe five years, and even have the vaccine, it would still be very diicult to push the virus back because we have so many pigs in mainland china.

>> woodruff: smaller outbreaks are reported in five other countries. the virus does not affect humans. but pork supplies are down, and ices are up as much as 4 globally. russia's president vladimir putin has rejected findings that russians shot down a malaysian jetliner over ukraine in 2014. the attack killed 298 people. international prosecutors charged three russians and a ukrainian on wednesday, citing intercepted communications. but in moscow today, putin said, "there is no proof whatsoever."u and, he blamaine for not closing its airspace. in san diego today, a surprise in the court-martial of navyal dward gallagher. a prosecution witness claimedot that he,allagher, killed an islamic state fighter in iraq. fellow seal corey scott testified that gallagher stabbed the teen, but not fatally. scott said he then suffocated

the boy so that iraqi forcest could rture him. prosecutors accused him of lyin scott said no one had ever asked for his whole story. former vice president joe biden has dismissed calls to apologize for saying the u.ssenate was more civil-- and got more done-- even when it included old-line segregationists. several rivals sharply attacked biden, but the former delaware senator stood by his statements. and, at the u.s. capitol today, house speaker nancy pelosi warned the dispute is a distraction in the docratic race. >> joe biden is authentic. he has lived his life, he considers certain things resource, he has worked across the aisle, that's what he was saying. that's not what this election is about. this election is about how we connect with the american people addressing their kitchen table needs for us to spend time on an issue like this which is

important, but it's not central to what the election is about. >> woodruff: biden and nearly all of the two dozen democratic hopefuls will be in south carolina this weekend, at events focused on black voters. alabama republican roy moore has announced he is running-- again- - for e u.s. senate. he lost to democrat doug jones in 2017, after being accused ofs sexualnduct. moore joins a crowded g.o.p. primary-- despite objections from president trump and other top re stay out of it. should a federal appeals court ruled today that tmp administration rules restricting abortion access may take effect-- for now. the rules ban taxpayer-backed clinics from making aboron referrals or sharing space with abortion providers. the appeals panel in san francisco lifted nationwide injunctions against the rules-- while the government appeals. it turns out that about one in

six hospital or emergency room visits are followed by a "surprise" medical bill. a study from the kaiser family foundation says millions of americans-- who have healthst insurance-l face pricey out-of-network charges. a u.s. senate committee plans to vote next week on limiting those charges. and, on wall street: hopes for interest rate cuts helped the market move higher. the dow jones industrial average gained 249 points to close at 26,753. the nasdaq rose 64 points, and the s&p 500 added 27, to closeec at a rord high of 2,954.om still toon the newshour: rising tensions-- how to respond to iran's downing a u.s. surveillance drone? the supreme court al religious monument to stand on blic land, hunger in the north-- how starvation and drought in north korea will impact u.s. policy toward the

country, a much more. >> woodruff: as weeported, strains in the relationship between the u.s. and iranit worsened todaythe downing of an american surveillance drone by the iranians. how serious is this turn of events and how should the u.s. respond?we for some a we turn to: stephen hadley who served as national security advisor to president george w. bush. and gérard araud, he was france's ambassador to the united states from september 2014 until a couple of months ago. gentlemen, wcome back to the ewshour". thank you for being here. first of all, to you, steve hadley, how serious is this incident on a scale of, i don't know, one to ten? how provocative a violation?t' >>probably a seven. the things that iran has done up

to this point, threatening our troops and seville yanls in iraq these attacks on oil tanker s attacks onome facility in saudi arabia, these were sort of the typical pattern in that they were -- everybody knew th the iranians did them bt they were done in a way that wae denind, of course, the iranians denied them and it was basically a sigdl to the uni states that we can hurt you if you continue this pressure. what's different about this isdr whether the was in international airspace or dostic airspace, it clarly was shot down by the iranians. there's no denight club here. so -- no denbity here. it's a step up, so i think it's a sven. >> woodruff: we should note, ambassador araud, the pentagon released in the last hour a m drawing, that shows the flight path to have the drone

which they say proves it neverin wa iranian airspace. whether it was in iranian airspace or not, what should the u.s. do? >> it's a serious incident because it sparked an escalation. president trump, i think, acted in a very restrained way which mens, actually, he doesn't want to go further intoi this esca by saying it nould have been a mistake or a isolated decision. but we have an escalation, it's a fact. so now what we have to do, very clearly, is how to debt to a deescalation in this tenanon between nd the u.s. >> woodruff: and how should that happen? >> you know, the americans are waging an economic war against irn. the goal,they say it,

choke the iranian economy. we knew tha sooner or later, the iranians would react. they have reacted. we have now this maximum tension. what we need is diplomacy. the americans have sid the objectives, their 12 demands, the iranians are not going to accept the 12 demands overnight, so the americans and the iranians have now to engage into a significant diplomatic conversation. >> woodruff: stephen hadley, how likely do you think it is that this diplomatic conversation will happen and what do you think the u.s.h should do iss. >> well, there are about three options that are being talked about, and youor shw quoted senator lindsey graham there are some who say there should be some military retaliation to these incidents against iran to deter further behavior. another option people are talking about is putting the

united states putting together with other allies a force to defend the tanrs that come through the straits of hormuz so that this doesn't escalate till it threatens global oil supplies. i think it's less likely but i think rthird option vey much along the lines of what ambassador araud has suggested and 's something the europeans would propose which is, look, let's stand down, let's have a freeze on the increasing pressure that the united states is putting on iran, let'save a freeze on the steps the iranians have taken tocreasingly move out of the nuclear agreement and let's have a negotiation with all issues on the table. in terms of the problems with the nuclear agreement, iran's ballistic missile program, its activities in e region and the complaints that iran has about the united states, that is a way to deescalate it. the administration president trump said hd

like a negotiation, the iranianr so fled it out. the question is whether each could say to their owne peopl that their toughness brought the othe to thegotiating table. it's a way to stand it down but relatively unlikely at this point. >> woodruff: can there be a deescalation, ambassador araud, if the trump administratio policy at maximum pressure continues? >> well, i think, you know, we need, i guess, a gesture, something, you know,hich could be in terms of the pressure, the economic pressure, for instance, that the u.s. could give a waiver, you know, for the countries who trade with iran. so it could be, you know, a small gere, and expecting that there could b also something reciprocated by the iranians. but we need difficul needy need.

people went to iran and discussed with thtoe iranian cussion isr a dis possibly. we need diplomatic conversations and we need to establish aue dialith the iranians even if it's low key and confidential. >> woodruff: steve hadley, isin thatof low-key outreach likely when some of the president's advisors appear to want a more aggressive approach to iran? >> the president made it clear he would like anversation with the iranians and the president makes the key decision in this, but i think it's possible. it ds take two, ande question is whether the iranians are willing to do such a ing. the foreign minister in the past has said we're prepared to talk

americans treat us wih respect, which in some sense opens the kind of door for the utsture mr. ambassador was talking ab >> woodruff: mr. ambassador, you also have a split on the iranian side. >> there are splits on both sides. we shouldn't forget the responsibility of the crisis is also an irnian responsibility. it's because to have the activities of iran throughout the region. you know, missibu activitie also terrorist activities and regional activities. so we have to handle these activities, and i think it would be more effectivef the americans were working withhe europeans, as stephen hadley has just said, because europeans are really willing to work to handle, also to cope with these threats. so it's always better to work with allies, so it would be certainly better for the u.s. also to work with the europeans to see what we can do with the

iranians, if we can do something with the iranians. >> woodruff: fomer ambassador gerard araud, stephen hadley, we thank you both. >> thank you very much. >> woodruff: a maryland world war one memorial in the form of a cross will stay in place ond, public lfter the supreme court overturned a lower court's ruling in a seven to two decision tay, as john yang plains, the case comes as hundreds of challenges are pending inower courts, over jections to religious monuments on public lands. >> yang: judy, the 40-igh monument, known as the "peace cross" was built in 1925 to honor 49 county residents who died in world waone. five years ago, a group of local residents sued saying the oss, which is maintained by the isate, violates the first amendment's estaent

clause, which bars government from favoring one religion over another. today supreme court justice samuel alito wrote in the majority opinion that: tom goldstein is publisher of scotusblog.com. tom gounstein helps us rstand all of. this tom, this is a part of a long debate about religious symbols in public space. what's the significance of this? >> around the country, there are ssndreds of cro like this for ten comandments monument and people who are not of a particular faith or who ar atheists feel it excludes them. so this decision says we're going to put an end to the fights about the old monmonuments, this one has been around 1 years. they are understood to be

monuments to valor. they're not about religion. we're going to letem be. >> reporter: this is to draw a linender the debate and end it. will this result in lower coungs throut other cases? >> if you have other cases about monuments like these, somethingr that's beend for many decades, then pretty much so, unless there wapesome cial indication it was likely discriminatory when it was first put up. if it's like this one and seems to be neutral even if embodied in a relio symbol, old ones are okay, but doesn't mean state or local government could put up a new cross today. >> reporter: he spoke of hostility toward religion, this is the phrase also used involving the case of a coloradd baker who refo design a cake for a same-sex couple and their state penalty was overturned by the supreme court. is this a new way of looking at it or a new thought among this supreme court?

>> that's right. the supreme court has gotten more conservative and more concerned that the govnmt should not discriminate against religion that at the very lest it wants it to be neutral. thos who favor separation of church and state don't think it's an issue. but there are those who througha ng it down would be hostile to religion and that's a big problem. >> justice ginsburg took the o unusual st reading her dissent from the bench and said, in part, by maintaining the peace cross on a public highway, the commission elevates christianity over other faiths and religion over no-rigion. what's the significance of her taking that step? >> sure. you have the procedural thi that she hacksly read from the dissent which sin credibly unusual. happens 3:00 or four times a year and the onehing a supreme court justice can can do to signal i see a huge problem here. then with what she was doing and

how she was writing and analyzing the problem, she wasn't really taking a look back and, you know, how has this monument become understood over the decades and almost a century, she looks at it tday as if she were driving down the street and saw this cross an said that is absolutely the government putting up a religious monument. >> but decide her dissent, the supreme court sad full stop. >> and by a majority, two of the other justices joined justice alito. both justice breyer and kag agreed the monument could stay. >> reporter: tom goldstein of scotusblog.com, thank you very much. >> thanks for having me. >> woodruff: stay with us. coming up on the newour: 2020 democratic presidential

candidate, senator amy klobuchar, scientists search for a universal vaccine for multiple strains of the flu virus, and a new documentary on the life of opera tenor luciano pavarotti. but first, xi jinping's visit to 14ongyang today was the first by a chinese leader iears. over a two-day summit, the leaders will discuss the denuclearization and other issues, including providing north korea much-need humanitarian assistance. just yesterday, south korea announced it would send over 50,000 tons of rice to the north. hunger is a way of life for many north koreans, but nick schifrin is back to report that conditions inside north korea are worsening, and hunger is increasing. >> schifrin: in the most isolated country on the planet, the u.n. says 10 million north koreans don't have enough food. dry spells and low rainfall produced the worst harvest in a decade.

and u.s. and u.n. sanctions mean farmers work with rudimentaryol instead of tractors, they use oxen. north korea is one of the wod's poorest countries an has long faced food shortages. but now the world food program says there worse. last month they studied the shortage and called for an urgent humanitian intervention into north korea, also known as the d.p.r.k. >> what is clear is that t succession of bad drought, heatwave, and floods this year is badly impacting the crop production. >> schifrin: as seen in world food program video, ms. ri is a usoperative farmer, but be of the bad harvest and the lack of tools, she's not making enough money. and so the chicks she raises to eat, will have to be sold so she can get by. instead, she'll eat just rice and caage. already, one in five north korean children are too short for their age because of poor nutrition. and the communist government is providing them less. in 2018, the daily food ration was 380 grams-- the equivalent

of eight small potatoes. but in january, the ration dropped by a quarter. >> around 40% of the popul ion are considered to be food- insecure and in need of urgent a ssistance. >> schifrin: but u.s. officials say the problem isn' bad as the u.n. depicts, because many , rth koreans get their food from private marseen here in rare footage filmed by an anti-north korean activist group. but humanitarian workers say the problem runs deeper, and is agent. >> we're talkingut up to 20,000 kids that could potentially not surve. >> schifrin: dr. kee park is a korean neurosurgeon who's been visiting the country for the past 12 years, training doctors. when he first travele hospital had x-ray machines. today, because of a lack of supplies, he operates as if in the 19th century. >> we don't have the x-rayus machine to telxactly where

we are. and we had to rely on other markers other anatomic points to guess where we are. >> schifrin: he blames u.n. and u. sanctions. they began in 2006, and included obviously military items like tanks, combat airaft and technical training. by 2017, the u.n. imposed its strictest sanctions yet, on "all industrial machinery, transportation vehicles, iron, steel and other metals." that has had side effects. >> basic medical equipment, almost every one of them, have broken down and were now unable to repair because of parts availability. medical equipment should not be part of sanctions. >> schifrin: and was that the case 12 years ago, when you started? >> no.ch >>rin: the sanctions are designed to stop north korea from redirecting machinery, metals, and aid to its missile and nuclear program. a the restrictio necessary, argues former state department official balbina hwang. >> when the internat community rallies and then pours hed into the country, then government unfortunately

receives the aiddind instead of ributing it to the people in need, it basically extracts it, and we think dives it and proceeds to use it for activities that unfortunately are very, very threatening to the international community. >> schifrin: u.s. officials also accuse kim jong-un of diverting resources to himself, and the military officials he's surrounded by. the u.s. says if he waed to, he could alleviate his people's hunger and poverty-- that sanctions have exacerbated. >> there is certainly no doubt that the north korean population is suffering greatly under international sanctions and this is primarily due-- well, completely due-- to the actions of a very, very terrible regime. >> schifrin: but humanitarian officials say despite the regime's evils, the u.s. should still help the north korean people. >> humanitarian engagement should not be connec politics.

the vulnerable should not be hurt by these political shifts.s ifrin: chris rice is the northeast asia representative for the mennonite centrale, commit faith-based organization that sends food aid, water to north korean hospitals. , began leading humanitarian trips four years ad was on the ground last month. >> we visited three pediatric hospitals.ln kids were rished, and also diarrhea, chronic diarrhea, and that indicates lack of can water. >> schifrin: joy yoon and her husband stephen have worked in north korea der more than a it. creating a rehabion center for children with cerebral palsy and autism.ch dren like oo-ein, a quadriplegic with cerebral palsy. after 11 months of therapy and treatment, she walked for the first time. yoon says president trump's

maximum pressure campaign and nip kind of medical equipment that has even a hin iof metal in sanctioned from entering north korea. all these things complicate what we're doing in north korea and it really slows the progress. >> reporter: their progress was temporarily halted after >> schifrin: their progress was temporarily halted when american student otto warmbier was arrested and tried by the north korean regime.me he came n 2017, in a vegetative state, and died shortly later.ar afte the u.s. required all u.s. citizens to apply for a special validation passport to enter north korea. by last year, the administration stopped allowing humanitarian workers into the country tirely. this year, the state department eased those travel restrictions, but matained sanctions. >> we are waiting to see if we can achieve the goals of getting north korea move in the right direction of denuclearization. unfortunately it seems that

north korea is probly not going to denuclearize. and so for the time being i think we have to continuwhere we are with the restrictions. >> schifrin: but humanitarian workers say that policy punishes the innocent. >> the u.s. possesses overwhelming economic, political, and dlomatic power. and right now they're exercing these powers to block and prevent humanitarian assisnce. u.s. policies are actually contributing to deaths of innocentregnant mothers and children. are we willing to accept that these deaths ithe name of u.s. national security? >> schifrin: u.s. officials say they are trying to balance national security, with allowing some humanitarian aid. but whoever's at fault, it is ordinary north koreans, who need help the most. for the pbs newshour, i'm nick schifrin.

my woodruff: in just six days, democratic senatorlobuchar of minnesota will take the stage for the first 2020 democratiti party presid debate. she's one of 23 candidates in the crded field competing for the nomination. welcome to t newshour. >> welcome to the "newsur", senator klobuchar. >> thank you, judy. it's great to be on. >> woodruff: there are 23 of you. >> who's counting. >> woodruff: soa wht makes amy klobuchar stand out? why should voterchoose you over the others to go up against >> i am the candidate from the heartland. there are just a few of us from middle america y know, we had a little trouble in the last election, and i have consistently won in the midwest in very red congressional districts every time, every place and every time i've run, so that's one thing. the second is that i have a

focus on wat i think matters to the people of this country and that is bringing back the art and strength of our democracy. we have someone in the white house who tries to fraure that community and heart every day. i have been able to bring people together. i passed over 100 bills as the lead democrat amid all this gridlock since i have been in congress, and i am someone whoty can lead the po victory and lead the ticket even beyond >> woodruff: so this week you've put out a list of 137 priorities. you said for the first 100 days you uld be in office as president. >> yes. >> woodruff: that's a big number. >> yes. >> woodruff: what matters most toou this list? >> my first priority is to sign us back into theon interna climate change agreement, stop the assault on our healthcare. literally, the are so many things a president can do. over 100 of these are things that a president can do without

congress. you can just stop these court cases in whieych te trying to basically repeal the affordable care act, throw people off their healthcare if they have pre-existing conditions. then a third i mentioned isñhmq the status of the dreamers and people who are hereñr on legte orary status. again, something that you could do without having deal with congress. and not that i don't think we need the do those big bills en it comes to pharmaceutical prices and other things which are myp priorities, but there are things you can do immediately, and i think there is a sense of urgopency. are weary after years of donald trump. they want to get back to moving forward for thisountry. >> woodruff: i'm askingñi you about that in parent because, as you know, in 2016, hillary clinton was criticized by some for having a lieutenant of plang lying,t ha an und simply-stated message. what is your simply-stated messagis >> my messago bring the heart and strength back to america, to give the people of

this country a government that'o as as they are and, right now, president trump has brough us into chawhether it's his escalation with this looming crisis of iran, alof his own making by getting out of the agreement, or whether it was thh fa said he would bring down pharmaceutical prices and we not literally haousands of drugs that have gone up in price astronomical since he cae into office. there are things that need to be done in this country and he literally has been sitting on the economy, something that basically he inauerited bec to have the resiliency of our workers and businesses and not taking ton challenges we have today. >> woodruff: you me.tioned ir tbhoa the iranians shot down an aircraft-sized u.s. drone overnitht. what shoulu.s. do right now? >> we should be working with ouo allies, wed be using diplomacy, we should be making sure that we d n all toot

escalate this right now, and what i fear is, even if you tak the president at his word that he doesn't want to go to war right no he has put in place a number of things, most predominantly getting out of shat agreement, how he has proceeded with saber rattling by tweet, leaving the implementation of that agreement in the hands of china and russi' where we dwant to give them leverage, or our allies. i'm raid, with the kind of people around him when you don't have a general matis anymore and he just lost his acting secretary of defense, that he doesn't even have people around him that are going to be giving him sound advice when it comes twith how to deal wih this. so my answer, is number one, if he is serious about doing anything there, he has to go to congress for authorization of mitary force, he cannot rely on the 9/11 al quaida authorization of military force, and that's something we hope to be voting on next week.

ths secondly, if i wa president, we would negotiate ourselves back into the nuclear agreemt to make su that iran doesn't get a nuclear weapon. >> woodruff: that the u.s. lled out of. a question about former vice president biden leading in althe polls. he has created a stir among democrats this week with comments he made about, ck in the 1970s, he said he had goo working relationships with a number of senators who had veryf ent views, senators on the far right of the political spectrum but said he worked with them in order to get things done. senator cory booker has taken issue with that and said that'sd not the mel for how to make america a safer places special r people of color. you are known for working across e aisle. do you think it is a mistake to work with people who haveam futally different values? >> well in this case, you are talking about a segregationist. i think if you're asng about working with this someone like that, which is way before my

time, i think you have to calm hit out on it. esident, youce can't lie and say you didn't work with them, but you have to callheople out for wat they tre and make very clear tha while you may have worked with them on something that you may have disagreed with soething that extreme. >> woodruff: what does that mean? >>just looking back in time and talking about it. i think it's important to call them out. the second thing is we're looking at a different moment in time where we have a president in the white house who basically said there were two sides afteró charlottesville. there's only one side the american sde, because the other is the ku klux klan. you have to stand your ground on certain issues and find common ground. how you talk about it right now, when so many people feel they are being pushed out and that this is a president that goesim afteigrants, goes after people of color, does it

blatantly, sey, by tweet, by words, that you have to ecbe abe tonize that when you are the leader of the country. >> woodruff: let me come back to the question. is there anywhere you would draw a line or anyone you would no work with is this. >> right now, you as the president, i think you have to be willing to negotiate and meet with anyone. this has been something that president obama talked about a lot, right. you have to be willing to talk to people like kim jongn, an these are dictators. the problem is are you going to do it for a certain result or do like psident trump seems to do as a distraction where he says o the guy? you have to do it with purpose and stand your ground. i think this week's nes that we've learned more about saudi arabia and the prince actually ordered the killing of a american journalist and dismemberment, that's you

saw the senate go after the arm sales today because there's a difference of being wling to talk to someone and being very clear when you disagree witthh or when they're a thug or they do something that is racist that you have to say, and i think that's the issue we're talking about here. >> woodruff: last question, pure politics. you talk aboerut midwe values, you're from minnesota. xt door, there is iowa. a lot of peopleñmó are saying ay klobuchar has to win or comesto close in iow be viable. >> i believe i have to be viable in terms of getting in the top group. i don't think i havin it because there's a wholen.ountry to run but we have a really good operation down there. i think i'm number 6 in iowa. >> woodruff: can you be sixth and be viable? >> i think i haveñkixd to come e top six, but i'm six and tht means i'm ahead of 18 people, so i'm a glass half ful person.

we just started out. i don't have the nam identification even in iowa of some of my colleagues that ran before and have bigger states, i s on me as time goes on to get out there and bring the camessage. i'm didate that is a senior member of the agriculture committee oat has takthe oil companies when it comes to biofuel, that s dealt wita world america as practically anh ofe other candidates running and thapt going to be important inowa. >> woodruff: amy klobuchar, less than a week away from that first debate.an thk you very much. >> judy, thank you very much. >> woodruff: we conclude our series on the fight against influenza examining what many b believe is tt potential weapon against the disease: a universal vaccote that would t against not just a few strains of the virus, but o

possibly allthem. william brangham has t latest on this potentially game- changing research. es brangham: the saying go, "know your emy," so when it comes to an enemy like influenza, researchers at the vaccine research center are getting up close and per vnal with theirus. i >> so ths the site, in yellow. >> brangham: using virtual reality, ts team, which is part of the national ititutes of health, has enlarged influenza over 200 million times its normal size to search inside for the best line of attack. >> this is actually where the virus binds to the human cell, in pink. >> brangham: to those who've spent decades in this field, like dr. barney graham, these new tools are a big leap forward. >> to me, the really amazing part of this is that when i came to this center 20 years ago, we were just dissolving flu viruses and injecting them and hoping for the best. and now we can actually see what

we're doing. >> brangham: they want to design a better weapon against flu. the holy grail is what's called the "universal influenza vaccine"-- a shot that would protect against all known and unknown strains of the virus. dr. antony fauci heads the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases. he says these new techniques ma finally make ttent tool a reality. >> several years ago, i wouldn't have been able to giveven an approximation of when that would be because the science was not giving us the clues that we uld actually do that. now with these exquisite techniques ostructure based vaccine design, i think we are in shooting distance ait were. >> brangham: as it stands now, every year, public health officials manufacture a flu vaccine to target whhey predict will be the next seasonal flu virus strains to spread around the world. that's what goes into our yearly

flu shot. >> theeason that it must be given every year is that the virus itself mutates and it' unrecognizable often from one year to the next. >> brangham: dr. jeremy brown studies emergency medicine at the national institutes ofal , and wrote the book "influenza: the hundred year hunt to cure the deadliest disease in history." brown points out there's no other virus we have to keep vaccinating against year after year. not polio, not mumps, not rubella-- only influenza. >> this shapeshifter of a virus is the thing that keeps everybody on their toes becauseo can be looking at one virus, and produce a vaccine for it, and unbeknownst to everybody-- even with the best science that we have out there-- unbeknownst to everybody, e virus changes st a little bit, it becomes unrecognizable to the immune system and does its . >> brangham: and that vaccine for the prior strain is worthless. >>nd vaccine for the prior strain is worthless against that

new strain. >> brangham: not only does seasonal flu change, but every now and then, a brand new so- called "novel strain" emerges, and that's what has the potential to create a deadlyde global flu pc. one of these novel strains is what killed an estimatto 100 million people back in 1918. it's considered the worst natural disaster in recorded human history. it's what public health officials worry could happen again today. >> we've got to be able to have someing that when a new pandemic virus emerges we already have something ready on the shelf to do something about it. something that you could make and it would be usable so that when you stockpile it, it really is a stockpile against anything >> brangham:ot fighting yesterday's battle... >> brangm: to do that, fauci says, they have to develop a vaccine that targets a section of the flu virus that doesn't shift from strain to strain, one that presents a more consistent

target. >> ...that's the whole strategy universal flu vaccine. and even when it makes a big change to become a pandemic, that that vaccine wiai be good agt any iteration of the virus. >> brangham: just last month, the national institutes of alth began human trials of their latest universal flu vaccine. >> just relax your muscle. >> brangham: study volunteers receive a dosef the prototype, searchers will later monitor their blood to see if theirea immune systems and develop a strong defense. >> you did great. >> brangham: but anthony fl ci says we stve a long way to go. >> are we completely prepared so that if we get pandemic flu we're going to be okay? no. if we get a pandemic flu we will do much better than we would e'have done years ago, but not going to be okay. we're not going to be okay. >> brangham: preliminary results from the universal vaccine trials will be coming soon. for the pbs newshour, i'm

william brangham. >> woodruff: a new documentary on the life and art of luciano pavarotti, which was directed by ron howard, has openedna tionwide. jeffrey brown has a preview, part of, "canvas," our continuing series on arts and culture.♪ ♪ >> called his voice ft from god.as certainly it gift to millions of opera lovers, and many more, who were new to the sic, and came to love th charismatic, buoyant, larger- than-life man maki it. people like acclaimed director ron howard. >> he was so remarkable and the music is so stunning, and when

you recognizwhat it means to be able to perform those arias, perform in that way, td of commitment, i felt like the story was very fresh and i felt >> brown: the result is the new documentary, "pavarotti": fill with archival footage, interviews with family and friends and, of course, music. ♪ there's his childhood in modena and rise on opera stages, the world-wide phenomenon of the three tenors-- pavarotti, the celebrity who hobnobbed with izck stars-- even as many in the opera world criticed the melding with pop. and the charity work came more and more to occupy his time. director howard was first known as a child actor-- opie in "thef idy gh show"-- and then

>> my names -- roird song) >>wn: and then as a major director of films, including hit comedies ldre "splash" and as such "a beautiful mind," for which he won an oscar for best dector. he's more recently turned to non-fiction looks at the lives of celebrated musicians: the beatles, jay-z, and now pavarotti. and when we met recently at the metropolitan opera house in new yorka second home to the gre tenor, i asked about t pavarotti that emerged for him. >> a very complicated, interesting character, which is what i'm always drawn to. whether it's scripted or in documentaries: how is this character going to surprise us? and there are a lot of things that surprised me. i thought it was very interesting that he was not a prodigy. that his father was a really good amateur tenor, but couldn't

make a living at it and was a baker. and he wasn't going to pursue it. and yet his mother said, "go for it." and even after that, even being sanctioned by mom, six, four years of just training before hb could evin to initiate anything that you could call a career. e >> brown: the film was mth the support and participation of pavarotti's family, including his first wife and thr daughters.ow but it also shhis infidelityda and the scl that came withr his love affaid eventual marriage to nicoletta mantovani, manyears his junior. they would spend 14 years together and have a daughter before his death in 2007. mantovani now heads the luciano pavarotti fodation, based in bologna, which runs a museum and helps support talented yng singers. >> he always said, "when you have somebody or a situation in front of you, try to look for the good part of it, because if you always look for the bad you

become the worsterson." >> brown: is it possible to separate the man from the work, the man from the music? >> no. impossible. impossible because luciano really lived everything he was singing, you know, inside. >> brown: what does that mean? >> he received this big gift from god and he knew it. he always said, "i'm never in competition with others, but i am in competition with myself, to honor this talent because i've received this gift and i have to share it with eerybody." ♪ >> watching these close-ups of these performances.as an director i felt it was sort of like watching marlon brando or meryl streep or somebody. i felt like he could express so much through the music.

♪ >> brown: ron howard says those pe tormances helped him tell larger story. >> there's so much emotion and drama in ope and this was his medium and it was very personal. personal to him atimes. and that was the convincer, when i felt like we couldse opera to help tell the story of pavarotti and use pavarotti to help us understand what it means to dedicate your life to opera. ♪ >> brown: passion and insecurity, love and betrayal, soaring art: it's all there. and for ron howard, a more personal lesson. >> man, was he courageous! i'm so impressed. in fact, if there was a lesson for me, ron, in all this, it was the way that even after establishing his stardom and his

career making tremendous amounts of money, establishing that he had this earning power, he still meok risks in his life. "i think i can do ing for people. i think i can do something for the world and perhaps even dor something era." they might not understand it, but th he felt this excitement to be this ambassador to democratize opera on a social level that was it took guts and he did it. >> brown: for the pbs newshour, i'm jeffrey brown at the metropolan opera house in new york. ♪ >> woodruff: has to be a powerful thing to see. on the newshour online right now: this year's measles outbreak has pushed the u.s. closer to the days when measles

ran amok. we explore the measles comeback in three helpful charts. find that on our website: pbs.org/newshour. and that's the newshour for tonight. on friday: personal stories marking the 50th anniversary of the stonewall uprising. i'm judy woodruff. join us online and again here tomorrow evening wh mark shields and david brooks. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and e you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: in >> ordtakeout. >> finding the west route. >> talking for hours. >> planning for showers. >> y like to do with a wireless plan designed for you. with talk, text and data. consumer cellular. learn more at consumercellular.tv >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. babbel's 10-15 minute lessons rare available as an app, online. more information on babbel.com.

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