captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> schrin: good evening. i'm nick schifrin. judy woodruff is away. on the newshour tonight: a dire warning from the united nations- - climate change threatens a food and water crisis around the world. then, a massive raid-- immigration and customs enforcement ficers arrest more than 600 undocumented migrants at food processing pnts across mississippi. mius, five years after the police killing oael brown, we examine efforts to reform ferguson, missouri. >> when michael brown jr. was killed it changed the lives of so many people, not just here in ferguson, but throhout the entire world. av changed my life. i never ever wouldthought that i would have been a politician, but i found something that i could do that would help my community.

>> schifrin: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> kevin. >> kevin! >> kevin. >> advice for life. life well-planned. leomn more at raymondjames.c. >> consumer cellular. >> babbel. a language program that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, li spanish, french, german, italian, and more. >> and foundation.d p. sloan supporting science, technology, and improved economic performance and financial literacy in the 21st century. >> carnegie corporation of new

york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and secue.ty. at carneg >> and with the ongoinort of these institutions: and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corpn for public broadcasting. and by c station from viewers like you. thank you. >> schifrin: the united nations is sounding a dire new warning about how the wawe use our land, is increasing the effects of climate change. a report out today from an international panel of more than 100 scientists found that: the d rld's land and water resources are being exploi "unprecedented rates".

and it said large-scale farmingn with the global consumption of meat and dairy are fueling climate change in a y that could result in a food crisis. we'll take a closer look at these findings after ts summary. more than 200 former alt boys, students, and boy scouts in guam are suing the u.s. territory's catholic diocese for sexual abuse thatates back to the 1950s. the associated press reportedth were assaulted by clergy, teachers, and scout leaders linked to the church the island's former archbishop-i anthony apuronone of those named. the vatican convicted him of sex abuse in 2016. but he remains a bishop and still receives a stipend from the church in the wake of two deadly mass shootings, more than 200 u.s. mayors are urginsenators to return to washington and pass gun safety legislation. in a letter addressed to senate leaders today, the mayors calle for a voteo house-passed bills that expand background checks for gun sales.ay among them was nan whaley

of dayton, ohio-- where nine people were shot dead this weekend. she spoke to reporters alongside ohio governor mike dewine. >> my focus is getting something done around gun control so that this terrible tragic issue-- incident in dayton, may not have to happen in other places. >> schifrin: president trump has said he supports background, but those words have yet to translate to action. and senate majority leader mit mcconnell has resisted pressure to call senators back from theiu st recess for a vote, over concerns the bills won't have enough republican support. lee state department slammed china today for ing the photograph and personal information of a u.s. diplomawht met with leaders of hong kong's pro-democracy movement. state department spokeswoman morgan ortagus said hina's actions were "unacceptable" and >> i don't think that, that leaking an american diplomat's private information, pictures, names of their children-- i don't think that that's a formal

protest. that is what ahuggish regime would do. that's not how a responsible nation would behave. >> sifrin: protests have roiled hong kong since june with police arresting nearly 600 demonstrators. former f.b.i. deputy director andrew mccabe filed a lawsuit today against the bureaund the justice department over his firing. mcca insisted his terminatio last year was in retaliation for his "refusal to pledgegi alce" to president trump. he was fired after a justice department inspector general found he leaked information to the media, and then lied about it to investigators. mccabe played a key role in the f.b.i.'s probe into russian interference in the 2016 election. and, stocks rallied on wall street today, boosted by gains in the technology sector. the dow jones industrial average soared 371 points to close 78at

26 the nasdaq rose 176 points andad the s&p 50d 54. still to come on the newshour: a u.n. report pain a dire picture of the impact of human land use on climate change, hundreds are arrested in immigration raids at mississippi food procehing plants, and muc more. >> schifrin: a dire warning-- the latest science on climate change continues to paint a picture of a future in the grips or extreme weather. william brangham r on how it may impact the basics of life. >> brangham: if we don't quickly change the waye grow our food and manage the land on earth, we will not be able to avoid thewo t damages from climate change. that grim assessment comes from a new report issued today in geneva by the united nations intergovernmental panel on

climate change. over a hundred experts from 53 nations contributed to the report. the report details a glol feedback loop where our land management makes climate chang worse, and then climate change impacts the land even more. right now, how we grow food, chop down forests and drain wetlands contributes about 23% g of humanenhouse gas emissions. for example, the report notes that soils essential for growing food are being lost 10 to 100 times faster than they'rd. replenis as that land degrades, crop yields will fall, and the soil itself loses its natural ability to absorb greenhouse gasses, which then makes climange worse, and perpetuates the cyclr according to tort, about 500 million people live in areas that are turning quicklyo desert. these millions of people are increasingly vulnerable to heat waves and floods, and may soon

find their homes unlivable. the report does offer some hope, pointing out how betteland management could reverse some of these trends. also suggests things like reducing food waste-- because one third of all food that's produced gets wasted-- and shifting our diet away from meat, which requires far more energy to produce than a plant- based diet. for more on what this report says, and how we ought to spond, i'm joined by janet ranganathan. she's the vice president foran sciencresearch at the world resources institute.th we can upte "newshour". this report seems to lay out the essential paradox of modern life, which is the way we have grown food and managed the lando alr the planet, have built this incredible society that we live inbut now we realize those exact methods imperil that society, is that right? isn't that what this is saying? >> y o, exactly. othe key messages of this report is that the food system and the land ehanges

associated with that food system are a significant factor in contributing to climate change, and these other factors such as deforestation. in fact, you know, it is impossible to achieve the paris climate agreement without significant fchanges to td system, and that includes both production and consumption. so this report puts that issue squarely on the table. >> james: what are the specific things we do globally to the land that are problematic as detailed in thi rort? >> well, the first thing is, we need to use land to produce food. that's a good thing. we haven't developed another bstitute for land yet. but how much land we use an the expense of natural ecosystems like forests has become quite problematic. so food, iothe expato have the agriculture frontier, is the major driver of deforestation which releases carbon dioxide

into the atmosphere, creates climate chan and in turn impacts agricultu. >> but just getting the political will and theo governments tohis, look at brazil, the amazon is one to have the most essential parts of our ecosystem yet they have a government who wants to fire up the chainsaws. >> the are compelling arguments why countries want to change the agriculture foobtsprint. the amazon is a climate regulation system but it is the regulation system for the whole region there. so if you keep chipping away at the amazon, you will only contribute to the climate problem. the scientists sazoy the a could reach a tipping point where it switch overs an becomes a more savanna-like vegetation. if that happens t whole rain

forest system in tt region which is a large bread basket to have world will beeverely affected. >> what are some of the other things we could do? we still have to grow cro and food out of the land we live on. what are the other things they suggest we need to do? >> one of the things correctly noted was food waste is a massive thing.al gl it's about a quarter of walories between field or fork is either ed or loss, in the u.s. significantly higher. >> james: how is that? it's lost in transport, after we purchase it? >> all of those. in developing countries c, low-incontries, it tends to be, you know, the lack of infrastructure, refrigeration, packaging. in developed countries, you know, rich countries like the u.s., it's more, you know, you purchase somethg, put it in your fridge, you decide to go out to dinner.on you'resed by the sell-by date. you think eat-by is no good

anore, so toss it in the tash. so cutting food waste. food waste is wasted land, wasted water, wasted greenhouse gas emissions, it's wasd money. so taking a bite out of that land that we need to prode agriculture, this is a very effective way. >> the report als suggests that, globally, we ought to change our diet, eating less meat and more vegetables and plants and fruitsis how importanhat in this process? >> critical. i'm glad to see it the world resources institute report came out recely creatingore sustainable food feature, and also putiets on the issue. the reason is not all foods are equal in terms of the greenhouse impact. so beef, for example, produces 22 -- produces 20 times as much greenhouse gas emissions per ounce of protein as, say, a plant-based protein like beans orentils. >> james: huge, that kind of

thing. >> yeah, people think about where does my food come from, how is it pruced? that affects greenhouse gas emissions. but more significant is what dot i choo eat? that will have the most profound imhackett on the diet-related emissions that you have. >> changing again the global diet, iu think ofia and china and all tho populations moving into the middle and upper class, they adopt american habits a eat more peete meat. seems like we're moving in the opposite direction. >> there are things we can do about that in. the united states, since the '70s, the per capita consumption of beef has formed by about a third, so it's already started t happen. there are health and maybe cost reasons to do that. so there are tragedies we can use in developed countries to shiftt ds, food service companies tare starti use these. where they're worried about

spiraling healthcare costs, they tan put in place the righ education, incentives and educational programs to nip this in the bud and allow them to sort of peak at a lower meat, maximum meat th in ric countries. >> lastly, there's a lot of talk pecially in the presidential campaign in the u.s. a.m. about the time frame action, do we have ten, twelve year does this report address that at all? >> it doesn't specifically address the window we have to try to stalize or limit global, climate chanut other i.c.p. reports have. we're talking about a very short narrowing window of ten to 15 years. action needso have happened yesterday. >> janet ranganathan from the world resources institute, thank you. >> thank you. my pleasyoe. than for having us on the show.

>> schifrin: stay with us. coming up on the newshour: international tensio rise in kashmir as india revokes the region's special status, five years after the death of michaew browe examine the efficacy of reform efforts in ferguson, missouri, and one alaskan artist looks to glaciers for musil inspiration. federal immigration officials today reased some 300 of the nearly 700 people arrested yesterday in work-place sweeps in mississippi. authorities called it the largest singletate action of it's kind in u.s. history. as jeffrey brown reports, the raids targeted immigrant workerd empln food processing plants. >> brown: the raids involved more than 600 federal officers an action authorities said had been in the planning for more than a year.th and fell osecond day of school in the area. for more on the raids, and what has happened since, turn to hamed aleaziz, immigration

reporter for buzzfeed. >> brown: what happened to those in custody? >> around 300 have bee released.at >> brown: bout those in custody?

>> 370 individuals sent to country centers. ice expanded detention space. >> brown: what do we know? >> 700 undocumented workers. search warrants come unsealed. at this point we are left with only arrts. >> brown: the government said this is long in the works. occurred right after el paso shootings.

any connection?wa >> searcants were ready to go. executed them simply because they had warrants. not tied with shootings. local advocates have sairbthey were dis by timing.>> rown: what happens next? >> these communities have to pick up the pieces. kids have parents in detention, one parent at home. already we see the effects. several school districts seen drop iattendance. at this point much will remain to be seen.

>> brown: expectation other raids coming? >> yeah, we should expect that. ine administration has sai starting at the beginning of last year that they would ramp up the so-called work sites enforcement operations. we've ready seen some pretty big operations last year, with a couple hundred people being arrested at one facility, but this has really, you know, just so massive in scope, you knowle, 700 pe so i think, you know, perhaps this could be the beginning of a new area of major operations hamed of buzzfeed, thank you very much. >> appreciate it. now a focus fo>> schifrin: now a closes on how wednesday's raids are affecting the community, especially children with a parentn custody. tony mcgee is superintendent of scott county public schools. rowhat happened in the clas and after school yesterday? >> we got notified around

8:30 yesterday morning that there was a potential i.c.e. processinge of the plants in scott county. fe knew from that that potentially some our parents might be those detainees. we had parents coming into schools at children out of schools, had nghborhoods and friends coming to start checki children out of school. we started the process of identifying the students andat parents ay have been detained. >> what's the situation we've heard a number of people being released from custody but what's is situation in schools. >> we had approximately 164 students across the district, mainly hispanic, latino of nature, absent from schooly. to so we started reaching out to those families to find out aboui boys ands, where they're at, how they're doing, just sking sure that they know school is ae place for them. nd can be a safe harbor for boys and girls ahat we're here to care for those kids

>> what kind of response did you see from the volunteers or the larger community.ve >> we'ad a tremendous response. started early yesterday, once the word got out, people started calling, coming. we had a lot ofrganizations in scott down city, they're deeply rooted into the hispanic community, and they came to lend suoro our people as we tried to trance lathe in a different language ad made sure everybody felt safe. we've had a tremendous amount of support across the nation from california to new jersey, peopla have ced us about what can they do not only monetarily but for boys and girls to provide help. in the community andl, we had no prior knowledge, so it was pretty shocking, it was ally a tough day emotionally for educators and students and families. as far as local law enforcement, as far as i understand, they had very limited knowledge or no knowledge of it. so it was one of those thi

that we found out about it after it happened. >> all right, superintendent tony mcgee, thank you verymu . >> yes, sir, thank you. schifrin: following two mass shootings-- in el paso and dayton, ohio-- mental health is again in the spotlight. as more americans seek treatment, the healthcare system and lawmakers can't keep up. for many californians who have struggled with a severe mental illness, the road to long-term care sometimes begins with ast behind bars. the largest mental institution in california is los angeles jail. byrhonda lyons of cal-matters, a nonprofit, nonpartisan mediaor nization, takes a look at how the mental health system is failing some of the most vulnerable. >> he kept tapping me on thlde

sh, "mom, look at that white car is following us. that's the government. that's the c.i.a." >> reporter: joanna jurgences nosomething wrong with her son jeffrey on a family trip to tahoe, california. >> this is him in juigh. >> reporter: he was 17. it was his first psychotic brean and the beginnof his years- long struggle with schizoaffective disorder. overhe next four years, jeffrey landed in jail-- frequently. >> i remember sang to the judge in el dorado county, "i need help. he needs help, and i don't know what to do, but we're waiting for a disaster to happen."t said, "there's nothing i can really do."ep >>ter: his time in jail and on the streets gave him an unlikely friend. >> mental health-12, i'm en route to the-- >> i saw jeffrey sitting on a bench. he didn't have any clothes on, he was a little disheveled. i said, "hey, are you a new guy?" and he says, "yes, i am. >> reporter: across the country, more than 90% of patrol officers encounter about six people

experiencing a mental health crisis each month, according to the u.s. department of justice. >> okay grea. this is gonna be great. you're gonna get treatment. you're gonna get the help you need. you're gonna get housed. and they just can't keep it together. >> reporter: following his arrest from stealing a car, a judge finally witnessed what jurgens's mother had been saying for years-- that jeffrey was sick. >> the judge was trying to talk to him. rted yellingjust sta out, "who the eff do you think you are? i'm jesus christ." >> reporter: instead of jail, jeffery was sent to the atascadero state mental hospital, where he's been for the past five years. t we're here talking about mental health, at's my 27- year-old son. >> reporter: la'taa dandie's son, kristopher, had his first psychotic break at 19. since then, when dandie has turned to law enforcemen help, officials say their hands are tied. >> so they say "ma'am, we cat anything because it'll violate his civil rights".

>> reporter: california, like most states, makes it difficult to compel people to get treatment. >> i'm like civil rights, your officer just heard him screamin like somebody tacking him, and i'm on the phone with him a few secondago. they was like, "well we can't do anything." >> reporter: but dandie's son was now in more desperate straits. at the time, he was homeless. for those with mental health issues, finding affordab housing is nearly impossible. for the few who have found a place to live, the options are dwindling. nationally, about a thd of people with a serious mental illness are homeless. >> i hate to be homeless again. i was homeless for about 20 years before i came here. >> reporter: tom gray has schizophrenia.pa for th 11 years, the vietnam vet has lived at this san francisco ard and care home. >> you want the ham? what about the vegetables?in >> reporter: s 2012, more than a quarter of residential

6cilities in san francisco, serving people und0 have closed their doors. nationwide, small board and care homes, like where tom lives, have lost about 15,000 beds, iotween 2010 and 2016, according to a survey by thenal center for health statistics.ot >>nowing where i'm gonna go next. that's how feel kind of lost. >> reporter: gray has found a temporary house in san frcisco, but will have to move again in a few months. a bill winding through the state legislature would triple the number of people who cse medicaid dollars to live in board-and-care homes. but it still has a long way to go. >> there isn't a big political action committee well-funded for mentally ill people. okay. it doesn't exist. >> reporter: state senator jim beall of san jose, california, mecreated the state's firsal

health caucus. he's trying to not only increase housing options, but also create avenues for the judicial system to deal with those with mental health issues. >> all rise. den.rtment 61 is now in sess >> reporter: it's mentlth court. >> the honorable judge stephen manley presiding o. jails are overcrowded. our prisons are overcrowded. the crime rate has really not changed dramatically, yet we have more andrcore people inated. and so we have to do something different. >> reporter: there are more than 300 mental health courts across the country in nearly every state.d inst jail time, judge stephen manley orders people to take their medication, stay sober and sends some to community treatment programs. >> you're not in jail anymore. see, it's so much better. breathe the clean air. ah, just keep it up. okay. >> reporter: while judge manley works to keep people out of prisons and state hospitals, for

people like jeffrey jurgens, the treatment and structure at the sthospital is often the be option. once a month, joanna makes this four-hour drive to visit her son. >> it's good and bad tsay that your kid is happy in a state hospital. >> reporter: for pents like joanna jurgens, la'tanya dandie and many others, state laws and resources continue to be a challenge for getting their children help. for the pbs newshour, i'm byrhonda lyons, in sacramento, california. >> schifrin: tens of thousands of indian government forces in riot gear patrol indian- antrolled kashmir. this comes four daer the indian government announced that it was changing the status of

kashmir. india's only muslim-majority region which, up until this week, had a large degree of autonomy.is it is a longted area claimed by both india and pakistan, and rebels have been efighting indian rule in portion it administers for decades. today in kashmir, the streets are empty. soldiers enforce a strict military curfew. hundreds have en arrested. fear has driven many inside, and many others are trying to leave but are stuck with limited transport. >> ( translated ): the o vernment made the situation worse, there arerangements for us to leave, nor is there ig any arent for food. we have been lying here, hungry. >> schifrin: in an unprecedented edampdown, india has block internet and phone in the primarily muslim region. and day indian prime ministe narendra modi called ts "the beginning of a new era" >> ( translated ): i, and theha whole nation taken a historic decision. an arrangemenurt in which brothers and sisters from jammu kashmir and ladakh, had been

deprived of thr rights, which had been a great obstacle in their development, has been removed as a result ofur efforts. >> schifrin: on monday modi's government lifted article 370 of the indian conitution, which enabled kashmiris to write their own laws. india says it'a national security decision because pakistan has supported militant groups who have launched many attacks inside kashmir. >> ( translated ): we will all get together and rid jammu and shmir of terrorism and separatism. se forf living will incr our citizens. >> schifrin: but critics describe the modi ervernment as tly biased in favor of the majori hindu population, at the expense of iia's 180 million muslims. protestors demonstrated in new delhi, and in karachi, pakistan, where they burned an effigy of modi. pakistan halted trade with india d downgraded diplomatic relations.

indian occupied kashmir has been converted into the largest prison in the world and in the history of mankind. more than 14 million humans are incarcerated in their homes. >> schifrin: last mo president trump met with pakistan's prime minister andof red his assistance. >> if i could help i would love to be a mediator. t >> schifrin: bre's a reason why prior presidents have avoided that offer. kashmir is located at the northernmost tip of the indian bcontinent, at the nexus of india, pakistan and china. kashmir has beenn dispute since the 1947 partition. india now controls the larger portion, while pakistan has two smaller areas. the two sis are separated by the line of control. the countries fought over , control of kashmir in 19d in a larger war in 1971. conflict sparked again in 1999. the two nuclear nations were pushed into a cease-fire over concerns of a nuclear war.

but the conflict has long simmered. today pakistan suspended the "friendship express train" that runs across the border, and warned tensions could remain high. we examine where things go from here with ambassador frank easner. he had a nearly 40 diplomatic career and served in senior positions in both the state and defense departments during republican andemocratic administrations. he was ambassador to india during the clintonni adration. ryambassador, thank you ve much for coming on the "newshour". fundamentally, what does it meas that cashmertatus has been shifted? >> well, it means a great deal. the regime under which kashmir has lived since the late 1940s has given it a measure of autonomy that mixes ver deeply with the psyology an sense of belonging of the overwhelming tmajority of people of jamo

and kashmir. removing that is going to understandably create a great deal of emotio across the border with pakistan and it will create a certain amount of attention on the global stage. >> and we've seen that emotion both in ndia, and pakistan global stage, here we aret. talking about the b.j.p., the ruling party in india and its prrmt modi have been talking about this move for a long time. why do you think they've made it now? >> that.s precisely the po they've signaled well in advance that the party returned wi a new mandate will go to parliament and seea change to not only end the special status but sever the territory of kashmir into two portions and have them both centrally rule. they chose this time, and they chose it very carefully, once

they had in place a comprehensive plan to control thes consequenf a political decision that the government made very carefully. they deployed forces, they closed off telecommunications, they've closed down radio, they've picked up people might be in opposition. it was a carefully set out and very carefully deployed plan. >> and you said they would be able to accept or manage the political consequences. will there be political consequence force them, for this move? >> they've taken all the legal steps, the indian system would call for. will that calm the passions of those on the ground inashmir? no, it won't. will it make others uneasy, indian muslims? twill it calmse in pakistan who continue to claim that pakistan has a legitimate say in the future of kashmir?

pen. of those will h the government is not trying to satisfy those audiences. >> we saw in tye st that played just a few minutes ago, president trump weighing inn this when asked by pakista prime minister in the oval office, he said he would not mind being a mediator. willhat statement impact the timing of this? notn my idea it would this was carefully planned, there were too many moving parts in play. i can't say that the president's statement received anything but negative reactions ind, but i don't think it was a triggering event.ut >> you talk ahe emotions running high. we saw protests both in delhi and multiple places in pakistan. how fundamental is this for pakistan?ou theseries have fought three wars in the past, is it tsomething that could caure to be more conflict? >> well, i do not predict that there will bopen conflict between india and pakistan.

i think that's probably unlikely. but will there be a rise in the short run in jihadi terrorist attempts to cross the border from pakistan into indian -- the side? i think that's highly posble. can you imagine circumstances in which there will be a higher vel of militancy within jaman and kashmir? i can imagine that as well. but i don't see overall war fair between the two sides. what one must quor r worry about, though, ian wit increase in low-level jihadi violence, that ind retaliates, pakistan retaliates, and you can have a very unpleasant circumstance. >> and fundamentally, is that the main u.s. intetst here t these two countries' conflict do not happen and tensions increased? >> clearly that's an american interest, but i would underscore

a separate point -- india is a great nation, it is a major factor on the world stage. we are moving into a world order in which large nations have to keep some sense of b we need a balanced relationship with india. we are not in a position to tell india what to do one way or th e india will pursue its own ambitions and its government elected with an overwhelming majority has taken this decision, whether that's a popular one oside of india or inside kashmir or pakistan, it is the decision of the indian government, and they inten wke it stick. >> ambassador franner, thank you so much. >> thank you. >> schifrin: tomorrow marks the fifth anniversary of the day michael brown jr. was shot and

killed by a police officer in ferguson, missouri. the moment touched off months of protests and thrust into a new light questions about police use--force, race relations ad criminal justice in this country. micheical correspondent alcindor traveled back to ferguson to see what progress has and hasn't been made. >> alcindor: a typical summer barbecue-- near what some see as hallowed ground. it was here fiveears ago that officer darren wilson shot and killed 18-year-old michael brown. >> to me that little patch just reminds me of exactly where it happened at. i can't drive over it. i don't know what that is. i don't know how to explain it or why, but i can't. i drive around it. >> alcindor: fran griffin helped arorganize this event as pt of the southeast ferguson community associatn. the group was formed in the wake of brown's death to provide community services. like many othersgriffin was spurred to protest after brown was killed. and eaier this year, she won a seat on ferguson's city council, becoming the first black woman

to represent her ward. >> when michael brown jr. was killed ichanged the lives of so many people, not just here in ferguson, but throughout the entire world. it changed my life. i ner ever would have though that i would have been a politician but i found something that i could do that would help my community. >> alcindor: bro's death thrust ferguson, a city of ,000, into the national spotlight. images of police in arred vehicles firing tear gaste at prosters-- and demonstrators setting fire to businesses-- fueled intense debate. a now as anothiversary approaches, many are taking stock of what has changed. >> we have a lot of aff members around city hall, we have a lot of new staff. peoplespecially in the police department. we have a lot of new council members. >> alcindor: james knowles is mayor of ferguson. 's one of the few remaining city officials from 2014. he remains the target of intense criticism but insists the city has made meaningful strides.

>> we have a tremendous amount of new officers in our police department, a much more diverse police department than we had in the past. our courts are much more focused on working with people tnot get caught in that trap of that, that kind of cycle of being in, in the court system through traffic tickets or housing fines. >> alcindor: of course, many o those reforms were mandated by a justice department consent decree. in 2015, the d law enforcement practices in ferguson were "shaped by the city's focus on revenurather than public safety needs." it also determined that african americans were arrested at disproportionate rates and some without probable cause. statewe, black drivers are still nearly twice as likely as others to be stopped in ferguson, the disparity in traffic stops of black drivers has also increased by 5% since 2013. ferguson has dramatically reduced its ticketing. in 2014, the city issued nearly 12,000. most were for minor municipal code violations.

in 2017, that number was under 2,000. now, revenue has fallen from nearly $2 millioin 2014, to just under $400,000 in 2017. the municipal court also vacated nearly 10,000 arrest warrants. there have also been broader changes. >> we knowhis issue isn't limited to the borders of ferguson. >> alcindor: last year, wesleyll as elected st. louis county prosecutor. the former ferguson ci councilman defeated long-time republican bob mcculloch who declined to indict officer wilson. >>t was more of the typic incarcerate your way out ofob every m. someone is struggling to pay child support put him on probation or lock them up. someone has a drug issue, put him on probation or lock themat up, and xacerbates the problem. any of you who work the streets

know you seeany people who just need treatment. >> alcindor: instead, he is prioritizing pre-trial diversion programs, cash bail reform, and decriminalizing low-level drug charges. >> we want to make sure that people who are iarcerated need to be incarcerated, and those that do not need to be, should not see the inside of a jail. a indor: since bell has been in office, st. louis county's jail population has dropped by 20%. there are still serious questions as to how much change has come to ferguson storefronts like these remain shuttered and development is slow. and there a stark racial divisionand deep tensions between the community and police. councilwoman griffin worries the third ward-- which has the highest percentage of black residents and the lowest income levels-- is not getting enough resourcesn . >>rms of just the little small mom and pop stores like those aren't existing. you've got a few beautly houses. you've got a few beauty salons and nail shops. but in terms of actually providing resources to people where they can get iing distance where they can go and shop.

i would say no. >> alcindor: last week, a missouri non-profit announced plans r a new development project. it will include a health care center and possibly a grocery store. still, some in the community remain deeply worried about interaions with the police and racial profiling. >> i don't feel like nothing different. i don't feel like it's enhanced or anything like that. i don't feel like i can call the police to save myself to best hone >> alcindor: marcus hicks and travis bowl, both 22, live infe uson and saw the protests here in 2014. >> being a black man, it's just like i feel like it's never going to change. like they're going to forever think we're on some type of b.s. or some type of gang banger stuff. >> alcindor: yet, some wrongly believe black residents deserve extra scrutiny. >> if you watch how some of these people drive, you know what, you know what color they are. i'm not prejudiced. but we can tell by the way theyv

>> alcindor: judy mccarty has lived in ferguson sie was two and lives just blocks from where brown was killed. and while her husband william mccarty says some court reforms were needed... >> well you know when you come in to pay a ticket, and you've got four other outstanding warrants, and they put you in jail. you can't pay your fine, if you're in jail you're not gonna be working. >> alcindor: still, they worry things have gone too far. >> let's not go the opposite way, where it's the way there seemed to be going now, and there's no punishment for abusing the la >> right. yeah. >>lcindor: at the same tim ferguson's independent monitor testified the city needs to do more tactually implement policy changes, including new police training. but mayor knowles sa costs are too high, which has rankled many activists. >> there is no police department in missouri-- very few in this country-- thato all of the things that are required by ouco ent decree. and yet we have to go through more hoops. we have to endure more training

more scrutiny. >> to them the mindset is "it's t fair that we're being penalized because of what happened here." because everybody else was doing it. that's the wro mindset to have >> alcindor: griffin says it's that kind of sentiment that makes her concerned the city may revert to its old practices. but she's also confident in the momentum of the last five years. >> it's a constant reminder of what my responsibilities are. it's a constant minder of the pain that an entire community felt. e 's a constant reminder of the way that the polsaulted it's just a constant reminder that we've got to keep fighting. >> alcindor: for the pbsho ne, i'm yamiche alcindor in ferguson, missouri. >> schifrin: we return now to

the topic of climate change, but with a very different look. nelerie kern of alaska public media explores howrtist is turning to glaciers to create music and capture their melting. this story is part of our ongoing arts and culture coverage, "canvas."or >> i was out rng the wind sounds, and it was really snowy d icy, and i came back down into the building, and i was just covered in like ice on my ,ard and snow and, you kn everything was frozen up and someone said, "matthew, what are you doing?" and i sa, "i'm composing." well, i'm a composer, and a sound artist, and an eco- acoustician. so i work with environmental sounds, and i create music, and sound art in dialogue with nature.y so i particulacus on climate change. so, you know, i'm interested in composing music that reflects

changes in our climate, and i try to bring attention to that, and work with the natural world as a musical instrument. so i'm very often composing with glaciers, and with the snow, or the wind, and any way that i can discover how we hear clite change. t mping it i hear, like, the snow bank as a bass drum. you know, me days i'm out in the mountains, listening and recording sounds. there are days where i sit atut the co programming. there are days when i sit at a music paper writing musi no, it's never dull.ca i made an albued "glacier music," it's published, so it kind of fixes in time snapshots of these glaciers. as the glaciers are retreating

they go through a rapid kind of time of retreat and that has a certain sonic signature. ♪ and then the glacier goes through a period of thinning,an you can hear that too, because the water that's thinning comes out of th glacier on the sides, and usually makes these rushing rivers on the sides of t glaciers, and that sound to me ad a signature sound of a glacier that's inced retreat. ♪ when i was studying music i was impressed by the sounds of the natural world, and in general,

the power and the presence of the alaskan wilderness and so i naturally made music with those things. as i g older, you know, the environment started changing and i started hearing those changes in the sounds that i loved. i want people to feel something. the music is made by a glacier for example, will we feel more connected to the glaciers and think about them in a different way? through composing these pieces we're kind of documenting the world now and in the future maybe the glacier, like matanuska, will sound veryt differ it sounds at all; and i still hope that we can change that. g that tciers won't disappear. it's stressful to think about, you know, million species of animals becoming extinct in the next few years. tu know, to think about a arctic animals that are among those million. like what can i do to help with that? is the music really gonna stop

the extinctions? no, it's not.ca maybe the musibe used in a kind of joint science, policy, art discourse that does change that in some way. >> schifrin: in tonight's brief but spectacular episode, actor and singer utkarsh ambudkar latest film "brittany runs a marathon" >> as a south asian man, the roles that we get are veryte fi and i say no to quite a few things. like, we don't do computer nerds and we don't do sidekicks.ct

so music and aing have always gone hand in hand for me. i was in a hip hop group, a trio, much like the beastie boys hoendid "pitch perfect" happ let's, let's rewind guys. mindy kaling saw "pitch perfect," saw me in "pitch perfect," i got offered the role of her little brother rishi on "the mindy project." white famous was for showtime. that role was written for a light skinned black actor. i improvised an indian south asian spin on that role in the room. i've been acting professionally since 2005. and, around 2018 is when people snalized, that asking me to do an accent when it period or, um, geographically appropriate was offensive. now i can walk into a om and call it out and people kind of have to, they accept it. >> what does that conversation sound like in the room? >> so i've been in auditions

where they wrote a line in their how about, i'm an indian teacher with an strong accent saying that he would sell ten ats to get a woman like hat in his classroom. so this is offensive. and i told my manager, "no there's no way i'm going to do this." my manager said, "okay, go in, you can put your own spi'ron it. thfine." so i go and i do my no accent and my improv. he said, "can you ju way that i wrote it?" "you want me to do it the way you wrote it? thlike even this line abou goats?" the sauce on what i said was so thick that there was only one interpretation to take from it. and that's not how you do business and it's not how we should communicate with each other. in any case, that's my responsibility, but his responsibility is to not write a piece of [bleep] that's offensive. right? now the way we are is when i walk into a room and it just happened on "mulan." i just went and did this disney

movie but there were some challenges with sort of, um, the way that our ethnicities were being portrayed. and i was able to go into the room with disney. i mean it's a giant congmerate, and the script w changed, and moved around, and built an enhanced to sort of speak to some of the concernsth we had. you think that's just how it's supposed to go, but it's one of the first few times that it's starting to happen for me where i can be like, "hey, i see a oblem here," and people actually listen. my name is utkarsh ambudkar and this is my brief but spectaculaa take ong it up as i go along. >> schifrin: you can find additional brief but spectacular episodes on our websit pbs.org/newshour/brief. president trump confirmed this ening deputy director of national intelligence sue gordon is resigning effectively next week. it is the latest shakeup at the top of u.s. intelligence agencies. dan coates the director oonf na intelligence is also leaving his post-next week. congressman john ratcliffe

withdrew from k to be the nexti ter concerns he inflated his resume and didn't havenc enough intelli experience. it is unclear who will be named acting head. the job ov tsees nation's 17 intelligence agencies. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm nick schifrin.in s online and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs wshour, thank you and see you soon. >> major fundingwsor the pbs neur has been provided by: >> babbel. a language learning app that uses speech recognition technology and teaches real-life in a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. babbel's 10-15 minute lessons are available as an app, or online. more information on babbel.com.

>> consumer cellular. >> financial services firm raymond james. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbe station from v like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newsho productions, llc captioned by media access groupsst wgbh acgbh.org

>> you're watching pbs. >> u're watching pbs.

hello everyone and welcome to ma npour." here's what's coming up. >> his rhetoric has been painful for many in our community, and i think the people should stand up and say they're not happy. >> president and mrs. trump travel to dayton and e to offer prayer and condolence to grieving communities, victims of hate crimes. could their visits fur divide a troubled nation? i'll ask karen bass, chairman of the congressional black caucus. then a secretive evangelical network wields influence at the peak of power. a new series pulls back on the veil on a family. and in china parents forced to restrict their family size for almost 40 years. film maker nangfu wang uncovers