captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: goodning. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight: dorian's deadly journey north. with rescue efforts undhaway in the bas, residents of the carolinas evacuate under threat of rising waters. then, payi for promises. president trump takes money from over 125 militaryovct proto deliver on his campaign pledge of building a border ll. plus, the amazon under attack. in our final dispatch frombr il, the growing risks to rainforest biodiversin , and to liferth. if we start losing species, it's like removing a card from thhouse of cards. eventually, there will be a collapse.n the plan will

>> woouff: all that and more, on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding fothe pbs bnewshour has been provid >> kevin. >> kevin! k >>in? >> advice for life. life well-planned. learn more at raymondjames.com. >> bnsf railway. >> consumer cellular. >> and by the alfofred p. sloan dation. supporting science, technology, and improved economic performancand financial literacy in e 21st century.co

>> carnegioration of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement ofnternational peace and security. at carnegie.org. and with the ongoing support of these institutions: and individuals. >> this program was made public broadcastinrporation for and by contributons to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: hurricane dorian is hugging the coast of the carolinas tonight, and still doing damage. downpours filled streets with water today, and winds of 110 miles an hour ble 1w out power o more than 200,000 customers.

the storm was blamed for fo deaths in the u.s., plus 2 at leain the bahamas. john yang reports again from nassau, in the bahamas, on the storm's progress. >> yang: an all-day assault: rattling winds and unrelenting rain as hurricane dorian batters the carolinas. south carolina governor henry mcmaster: >> we urge everybody to stay inside.ou ifon'teed to be out, don't go out. and in this kind of sitt tion, you doed to go out. stay off the streets. it's very dangerous. >> yang: overnight, the storm time, as it pushed north, just offshore. rushing water flooded streetsson charlestonh carolina. by day, massive wavll crashed on y beach pier near charleston. myrtle beach, at foam-covered jeep was partially submerged. onlookers took selfies as waves rocked the car. more than 800,000 south

carolinians were under evacuation orders. some, likeichael gordon, sought shelter in charleston. >> they're expecting a lot of ter downtown, and it was best to get out. hope for the best, prrsare for the and i'm preparing for the w bst. >> yang:ut chip ervin and others decided to ride it out. >> we just kind o watched the storm to decide what through enough storms thaten we'll kind of just wait and kind of see how they play out. >> yang: as the day progressed, dorian lumbered toward north carolina, where the outer banks barrier islands are vulnerable. governor roy cooper: >> get to safety, gnd stay there. don't leyour guard down. this won't be a brush-by, whether it comes ashore or not. >> yang: cooper also warned of storm surges that could reach seven feet. another danger? tornados. one ripped througalh emisle, south of wilmington, leaving

shredded homes and fences in its wake. in the bahamas, dorian's devastation was again on full display. under sunny skies and along the now-calm shores, d veled homes chts tossed around a damaged harbor. on abaco island, survors faced their new reality. in ahanty town known as "th mudd," a rainbow rose out of the vast rubble. andrew evans arrived in nassau toy from abaco. >> everything in abaco is totally destroyed. s like we we look bombed. everything in abaco is gone. >> yang: a flurry of rescue and phoping to make it to abaco and grand bahama tomorrow.at heher hunt, an ato rney and abactive started a group called "restoration abaco" to help bupng reliefies to the ravaged island. >> as time goes on and the days go by, and we have to add other and appliances and whatever else the needs are once we get there and get a full assessment. t right now it's just food and water and medical supplies and making sure everyone is safe and

>> yang: her group has rented a 90-foot barge to haul supplies. and celebrity chef jose andres of the atlantis hotel convention center in nassau. today they cook massive batches of pasta soup and made thousands of tunaish sandwiches for survivors in grand bahamand abac today's goal: 10,000 sandwiches hereis marina in nassau, some of these pleasure boats are being loaded up, ready to make the run tomorrow to abaco island. these four boats are being loaded wth supplies donated by chattanooga businessman lou lantini. they have 20,000 tarpmes, generatorsical supplies, tents , toiletries. they expect toet offshore of stay there three or four days an example of people taking

r own hands. thei >> woodruff: and, john, you were telling us that you'veust seen widespread examples of this, of individuals moving to do what they can on their own. >> reporter: that's right, eand the spotalked about, the group restoration abaco, when im heard fne of the organizer, another organizer we met last night, jen, a native of abaco, now a mortician inassau, and interestingly is organizing other morcians across the bahamas and told us her idea. >> me as auneral director, i'm told that there are -- the number oasualties areas rising. orhave deployed a team of professionalcians. in fact, we were supposed to go today. w be couldn't get in we're leaving in the morning. but the hard part is i don't know if i will be retrieving my own love ones. i have my mother, aunts, uncles

brothers, sisters, nieces and nephews, all in the area where there man no -- no -- no relief at this particular time, no rescue, no recovy. >> reporter: just an example of people making efforts on thr own in the midst of great personal tragedy, judy. >>oodruff: and, john, you were also telling us about a number of non-governmental organizations, how they are help, and the challenges theyide face. r orter: in the last couple of days there have been a number of n.g.o. officials who have been privately complaining about the government's pace of givinghem permission o take their efforts out to grand bahama, out to abaco. they feel stifled and frustrated they haven't been able to act faster. but, on the other hand, there are othe n.g.o.s who sayhey understand it, that they feel government, not go out there on their own. here's joan kelly of the heart-to-heart international

organization. >> i would say that, generally speaking, it's important that we work through the agencies that exist here. they will be here long after we leave and were here before we frankly put, this is going to bt a belong-term response, and i think eryone is going to ne a long-term support. so that's, i think, most critical. >> reporter: we reached out to the bahamian government for a response to some of the n.g.o.s and we haven't heard back. i might add, among the n.go. community, there seems to be a sense of optimism that things are changing, that things are getting movin thaterhaps tomorrow or in the coming days, they will be able to get out and start thei or effor the islands. >> woodruff: and, john, i gather ware onlbeginning to understand the full sweep of just how devastatinghis huicane has been, and se of that sense we're getting is from these before and after images of

thesere islands be and after this hurricane. >> reporter: yeah, that's exactly right, from social almedia, from people on the islands who were sending out epictures like this of airport on abaco, just showing how the airport has been inundated, the runways inundated with water, with sand, with debris. the force the hurricane winds sitting on that island, sitting over it for more than two day and we can see the devastation and the effects of thatff in the before and after pictures. >> woodruff: so much work left to be done. john yang reporting for us tonight from nassau ithe bahamas, thank you, john. back here in the e e , orm has weakened as it has weakened considerably as itm churns up the atlantic coastline. but charleston, south carolina, sights today. places in its john tecklenburg is the mayor, and i spoke with him byhone.

mayor tecklenburg, thank you so much for talking with us. what has charleston seen of this storm? >> thank you, judy. charleston, a beautif city has seen kind of an ugly day, it's been dorian day in charleston today, and the good news i en though the wind was higher than we expected, the water was. lo and in a city where flooding and sea level rise are a number ones e, that was good news today. >> woodruff: so preparations, did you feel the city was prepared for what might come? mi>> well, i was, and, judy, 've had real practice over the last four years. we've had four years with the hurricane preparation. we really, if i may say,y, have this down to somewhat of a science. we were really prepared, but we have seen quite a storm here today and now have had some

impact. weave a number of closed roads, lots of people without, power half f our citizens, so we've got tom cleanup to do, and we have had a >> woodruff: and what about evacuations? were you in a situation where you had to urge pple to leave is this. >> we have been ing that for -- since monday, when evacuation order, and weua fully support the governor when he does so, and, so, we have been asking people to leave, and then we know a lot of folks don't, so all of olhose remaining, we ask them to hunker down and batten down theatches, and i'm very proud of our citizens last night and today, it was like a ghost town, and people wre f the street, and that really helps people sta safe, s but it also protects our wonderful first responder that they don't have to go out and make response

>> woodruff: you do have cleanup. you were spared t worst. you di't have the flooding, the storm surge you miffed, but you'rbut -- you might have had t u say there's work to be done. >> we had flooding but not as anticipated. the wind was a lite little higher but we have cleanup to do. we have crewsnd sg by and now out in the streets doing work, pumping water, cutting down trees. we have over 100 toll lowell streets closed mostly due to trees and power lines down. together with the power company, we are working to get tho streets back open, and we're going to have beautifoul weather this weeket,. in fe'll be back in business this weekend. >> woodruff: mayor, how much harder do you believe this was because of the unpredictability of this storm? it was a category 5, 4, 2, ba to a 3, and the time of arrival

was so unclear. how much more difficult did that make your job? >> well, this is a very uncertain business, and let me say my heart goes out to the devastation that occurred in the in fact, we have local folks who are already starting local relief efforts for the bahamas. devastation down rible there. a week ago they were saying this storm would barrel across florida rather than even come in our way. so is just an s undernence. there's a lot of signs to it, but it's a bit uncertain. so you just have to prepare for the worst and hope and pray for the best. that what we always do. >> woodruff: well, we wish you the ry best with all the recovery that you have ahead of relieved that it wasn't worse than it was in your city. e mayor of charleston, john tecklenburg, thank you very much. >> thank you so muchjudy.

let's find out more ab >> woodruff: now:t where dorian is righ the projected path in coming hours, and what it can mean for the rest of the facarolinas and her up the eastern seaboard. edward rappaport is the deputy director of the national rricane center, and he joins me from miami. edward rappaport, tell me where ist orian now? >>is hour, dorian is centered and you can see clearly the eye, the eye is located about 45 miles fm myrtle beach, about 85 miles from wilmington. ng the day, it's been gradually drawing closer to the coast, and the forecast has it actually coming ashore likely lateronight or earlyw tomor, perhaps th southern part of north carolina or on the outer banks. >> woodruff: so coming ashore, does that -- is at more of a sign of potentially more damage, or what do you expect? >> that's right. even with the center offshore today, we've seen winds of hurricane force from about

charleston northward, but the strongest winds are still offshore, and as the center makes landfall, the windsillhe come over the shoreline, and we would expect to have wind gusts r,ceeding 100 miles per h observed, reported over the next 12 to t18 hours as center passes across southeastern north carolina, a those winds are following pretty much the way the rain bands are moving here -- moving water ashore, so we expect there to be a stormsu ge that could be life-threatening along the coastline. >> woodruff: and what about the speed of this hurricane? has it speditup sinc very, very slow origin there in the bahamas? >> yes, it's gradually accelerating and that's good news as it won't linger too long in any one place. the system is now moving -- the center is moving toward the northeastle about 10 per hour and, over the next 240 24*+

hours, will be accelerating further, and then pulling away from the d coaing the evening hours tomorrow. >> woodruff: have you learned at this point, edward rappaport, can we undert,and better why this storm seems to have been so predictable? >> actually, the forecast has not been off by that much. we did thinthe hurricane was going to take a run towards south florida, as it aid couple of days ago, and then slow and turn and take a course roughly parallel to theco tline to the southeast, and that's roughly what happened. didn't get all the detls right, but i think the sense of what to expect in both the bahamas and in the southeast of the united states was covered pretty well in the messaginuf >> woo we're now hearing about tornadoes being spawned. hurricane or is that an to thdependent thing? >> on occasione are tornadoes associated with hurricanes, and often as they are in this case, they occur in these outer bands well ahead of the center, and that's what we saw earlier today, and there is

a risk still for tornadoes during the overnight hours toght. >>uff: and the last thing i want to ask you is just for folks who maye in the past, south carolina, north carolina, southern virginia, what do they need to be on the lookout for? >> we talked about they could have wind gusts at least o10r miles per hour. greatest concerns are going to be, as often is the case, ith depth of the water. here we have the forecast for the itonundation from surge could reach 4 to 7 feet along thelo coast, particularly the northern part of south carolina up through north carolina and even some inundation expected in southeastern part of vginia. is is considered life-threatening at these levels. we also. are concerned about exceive rainfall in just the same areas. 6 to 10 inches of rain forecast for coastal south carolina and north carolina, locally 10 ncto 15s, and the combination of those twoto f, storm surge and rainfall, that's going

to lead to flash flooding and area.tially loss of life in this >> woodruff: well, we are doing everything we can to get the word out, and i know that you are, too. edward raaport with the national hurricane center, thank you. >> thank you. >> woodruff: ithe day's other news, a taliban car bombing in afghanistan killed two to soldiers and ten civilians. one soldier was an american,an the fourth to die in the last two weeks. the suide blast in kabul left wrecked vehicles near the u.s. embassy and nato headquarters. in addition to the dead, 42 people were wounded. hours later, a bombing in a neighboring province four people at an afghan military base. in britainprime minister boris johnson is vowing to push again for early elections in the battle over brexit. the house of commons voted

wednesday against calli ections. ot also voted against leaving the european unin on october 31 without a formal deal. today, at police recruiting event in north england, johnson said an election is nowl essent. brexit, i don't want to go on about this anymore, and i don't want an election at all. i don't want an election at all, butfrankly, i cannot see any other way. the only way to get this thing done, to get this thing moving, is to makehat decision. >> woodruff: johnson's ruling conservatives will try again on monday to win approvaln f new eltions. meanwhile, the primminister's brother, jo johnson, quit his position as a conmervative er of parliament today. he said he was torn between family loyalty and the briterh national it.

president trump's middle east envoy, jason greenblatt, has administration. leaving the he was the architect of the president's israeli-peace plan.a but, inot been released, and the palestinians rejected negotiations after mr. trump moved the u.s. embassy to jerusalem and recognized israeli sovereignty over the golan heights. the president of turkey, recep tayy erdogan, is threatening to let a flood of lyrian refugeve turkey for western countries. that is unle a "safe zone" for refugees is established inside syria before the month is out. erdogan voiced his frustration to officials of his rulina party in ankday. >> ( translated ): we will be forced to open the gates. we will be forced to open the gates. if you're going to provide support, then prode support. and if you're not, sorry. we've tolerated this up to a certain point,d we're still tolerating it.

are we the only ones who are going carry this burden? >> woodruff: turkey has taken in 3.6 million syrian refugees since the war in syria began in 2011. uerdogan says the europeon has not provided promised financial support in exchange for turkey stemming the flow of migrants to europe. ck in this country, a jury in california acquitted one of two men charged with involuntugy manser, in a warehouse party fire in 2016. the jury failed to reach ard t on the other defendant. the pair managed the warehouse, where 36 people died. ked wiace was pac furniture and other flammable material, but hadit only two and no smoke detectors. the u.s. educatiopan ment fined michigan state university $4.5 million today over sexual abuse by a spos doctor. the announcement said the school failed to respond tinrepeated comp against larry nassar. he is now in prison, effectively for life, for possessing cld pornography and

molesting young gg irls. on wall street, stocks surged on news that the u.s. and china plan to hold new trade talks next month. the dow jones industrial average gained 372 points to close at 26,728. the nasdaqose nearly 140 points, and the s&p 500 added 38. and, basketball great jerry west received the presidential medal of freedom today. west was a 14-time all-star in his hall-of-fame career with the los anges lakers, which ended in 1974. president trump presented west with the medal at a white house ceremonyny it is the nation's highest civilian honor. still to come on the newshour: where is president trump finding the moneyy to r his long-promised border wall? mazon is to the a threat to the planet. brazil, and the risks of species extinction. fusi the political and the

artistic, to critique how leaders wield power. plus, much more. >> woodruff: it was one of president trump's most notable campaign pmises: that he'd build a wall on the southern border, and that mexico would y for it. but now there is word this week, of 127 u.s. military projects whose funds will be diverted instead for construction of the border wall. our own lisa desjardins has been digging into all of this, and she's here with me now. hello, lisa. so tell us, where is this money coming from, what are these projects? >> start with that first. as you said, it's 127 projects, it's about $3.6 billion that the president will move to helpor build barriers of various

sorts. half of this money is comingom overseas installations. the other half is from litary installations here in the u.s. let's look at where those are. those are affecting3 states, and i want to leave this up for a minute so people can look for their states. it's the perimeter of the country. this affects everything from service academies like west point to small and large institutions, tra facilities, all o the branches of the service are being affected by this. these funds, judy, impted specifically are those who have been approved by congress, but there is nota contract yet to start building them. on hold and the president is refundg congress will them later, it's not clear congress will do that. >> woodruff:27 different projects. tell us more about what the projtts are and who will be affected by this. >> it's a fascinating list and it involves strategic installations and compounds and it also affect things that affect the quality of life for

the men and women who serve i our military. look at three that are good examples of what we' talking about. one on the right, 95 medical center for an elementary school in okinawa japan, for the children of american military members. military families depend on those. many need to be that school is now put on hold. moving back, $15 million put on ahold for n ambulory care center or outpatient health center in camp lejeune. healthcare a rising problem init the my in some sectors, that is on hold. then below, $17 million d that wove gone to a fire and rescue station in kendall air force base in florida. that one is especially notable. i picked that because that fire station was damag in hurricane michael last year. they were waiting for thos repairs, they will have to continue wting now because that money has been put on hold again. also, judy, in this list, probably the one area that saw-- the mos the largest number

of projects deferred is r puero. $400 million worth of projects there. that's something that democrats will raise. also a large number of projects affecting european defense initiatives. that affects our posture with russia. those are being put on hold. i th something european allies will watch closely. >> woodruff:y. puerto ri devastated by hurricane maria. >> yeah. >> woodruff: so these are a few examples youe telling us about. in turn, president trump has long said he wants this border wall. what is he getting out of this. >> right, this is important for supporters and opponents to have the president look at. the president is getting more waller fencing and specifically, 11 projects will be funded they say. there you see the steel slat fencing he's putting up, it will include some of that, alongt, about 175 miles of additional new fencing and some repair fencing. i wa to point out, it's not all steel slats. some of it is normandy f you saw as well. so the president is actually going to expand being on a

border barrier because of this mone it's 175 miles but it's a 2,000-mile border. >> wdruff: and tell us how is he doing this? i mean, this is money that was appropriated by the congress. how can the president come in and say, nope, we're not going i to spet for this, we're going to spend it for that? >> the constitution sary the treaan only appropriate money passed by appropriations law, by congress. so he's getting around that. that is not the will of the congress. let's show how the process usually works i p thesident wants to divert funding. he would have to go to congress and ask congress for permission. in this case we know congress is not giving that permissio because house democratso not want to fund this wall. what's he doing inste? he has declared a national emergency for the purpose of going sound congress, h invoking emergency powers, and he is not asking congressional permission, which he usually woulhave too, even for small amounts of reprogramming, anything over $20 million, judy, you need sign-off from congress. that's significant. this is such a huge amot of

money. it's really unprecedented in how much he's moving thisay. woodruff: $3.6 billion, as you said. >> right. >> woodruff: lisa, this effect you've shown on that map, a political diversity of red states, blue states. what kind of political reaction has there bee democrats are irate about it. they call this stealing, raiding, unconstitutional. however, they, so far, have lost their battle in court to try to make their case. courts generally ruled if all coress doesn't agree, the house and the senate, they can't take action. th are furio, and i think we'll have to see how this affects the upcoming speing debate in the next months because in the next 30 days we're supposed toesue another spending bill. i hear from some democrats well, if the defense department doesn't need this money, will we pay it for them or not? republicans are in a trickyi position, i haven't seen them defending diverting mon where

is way but they say the border needs to be secure. when they come back next week, they will all be tested to find out are they going to vote to back phil this money or not. it will be a hot political issue for this country. it affects dozens of local papers, this was the headline today. >> woodruff: fascinatipe. this is hng while the congress is in recess, they're not in washington. it was annou while they're all back home in their districts. >> that's right. >> woodruff: lisa desjardins, excellent reporting, thank you. >> you're e.welc >>oodruff: south america' amazon rainforest is home to a remarkable diversity of alimal and plan. but a record-breaking number of forest fires and the already on iing cutting down of tre putting many of the rainforest's original inhabitants at ris with the support of the pulitzer center, amna nawaz and producer

mike fritcetraveled traltr brazil to see the efforts underway to save ofonhe most pristine sections of the amazon it is the last part of our series, "brazil othe brink." >> these here are probably puma tracks. >> nawaz: in this corner of the amazon basin in central brazil, signs of life areer everywh so just by looking at the tracks like this, you have a better sense of whaactually lives in this area? >> yeah. we get a sen o what lives in this area, of what is more abundant and what's rare, and then we start get of, okay, which habitat do we need to protect more of? nawaz: george georgiadas is a brazilian scientiscst, fightingo protect everytg nat lives here. animals like giant nkver otters, olphins, rarely seen jungle cats, like jaguars, and hundreds of species of birds.he soir survivall is dependent f the survival ois area? >> their survival is dependent on the survival of this area. >> nawaz: but climate change and the steady destruhection of

amazon's rainforest and the surrounding savannah, known as the cerrado, has deeorge's mission all the more dire. >> we've lost probay half the natural habitat of this area since 2013. things are going fast. >>awaz: how long do we have? what do you think? >> it's alrey past time. we're just picking up the pieces. >> nawaz: to savehat they could, george and his wife, silvana campello, helped the brazilian state of tocantins create cantao state park in 1998, a nearly 350 square mile streh of pristine forest and grasslands, nestled between the araguaia and coconut rivers. >> we fell in love for this place because, as biologists, we could understa how important this place is. >> nawaz: the couple houses siting researchers, who run long-term studies and use motion-activated cameras, to better understand what animals actually live here and what they need to survive. some, like the giant otters,

have even been saved from thek brin extinction. >> we have placed a camera trap, so we are going to go there and check the camera trap and see if ere has been any activity. >> nawaz: and traing them, silvana says, hased to new discoveries about the way they live and interactith each other. among the otters?e >> among the o. >> nawaz: like what? >> like, for example, den sharing. a certain group of otters will occupy asen for couple of we and then they will leave, and another group would come and use the same den. then the group will leave and the former ownersould come back and live in that same den. >> nawaz: it's like an-- like an airb&b? >> it's like an airbor giant otters. >> nawaz: for all the focus on the threats to the amazon rainfores,, silvana say it's the animals that are the best bioindicator of a changing environment. millions of insects, thousands of known plants, fish, and birds, and hundreds of mammals, reptiles, and amphibians ca.

this area ho you know, one out of every ten known species in the entire planet lives in the amazon. that's plants, insects, and and scientists say new ones are actually discovered all the time. which is why, thy say, for every acre lost, an entire species could disappear right along with it. that's why silvana says it's crucl to not only protect this area for the animals that live here, but for humans as well. >> it's the card efct. people say that renas like a house of cards. if we start losing species, it's like removing a card from the house of cards. eventually, there will be a point when the planet will collapse. because everybody has a role. everybody's here for a purpose. the purpose, meaning the balance of the planet. >> the single greatf t repositorye variety of life on earth is in the amazon. >> nawaz: thomas lovejoy is an ecologist at george mason

university who has been coming to and studying the amazon since the 1960s. >> the amazon actually makes this planet work. it affts the climate. it affects the hydrological cycle. d all these species added up become biological diversity. all have evoluonary histories that go back four billion years. >> nawaz: but the amazon's incredibly rich biodiversity is now under assault from several different fronts. nearly 20% of it has been deforested since the 1970s, cleared out to make way for infrastructure projects, mining and agriculture. that destruction is having a devastating impact on the ecosystem, and many of the rainforest's original inhabitants. species in brazil are now facing the threat of extction. >> as we lose species, the next generation will not miss them. but if you show them, if you

bring people to see giant pink dolphins, if they see them, if they relate to them, they care now. we must care now, before they go. nawaz: but the monumental effort to repopulate and regrow what has already been lost in the amazon is slowly beginning, and some of the solutions might be found in this small storage facility in canarana, brazil. >> ( translated ): the muvuca comes from 60 to 120 species that we work with. >> nawaz: it's called ma uca, anting technique that uses native forest seeds to be spread orested land. def the method was developed with input from the xinge.indigenous tr >> ( translated ): the importance of involving them is because they have been here. it is their call. they are holders of theow dge of these species. they know which are tcies that will germinate well. >> nawaz: bruna ferreira is the manager of t xingu seed

network, a cooperative between indigenous communities, local farmers and n.g.o.'s that started in 2007 with the goal of scattering native seeds across deforested land. >> ( translated ): this is a job of ants.th buseed network is the largest network in brazil and nobody does work like this.>> awaz: the hophoe is that the forest will slowly regrow with stronger, more durable plants and trees. it's all part of a larger effort using native seedats ims to eventually plant millions of trees. >> ( translated ): today, there are 600 collectors of native seeds. and the network helped to recuperate and restore more than 5,000 hectaresf degraded areas below the xingu and amazo rivers. >> nawaz: for some xingu tribal members, like abeldo xavante, a 21-year-old who now works for the seed netwo t, regrowing forest is essential to preserving the past. >> ( translated ): we came from the forest, and today, nobody else from my tribe lives in the fo we live in the savann. and young people do not know the to eat forest fruits and other foods from our culture.

they want white man's food, sweets and sodas. sosoe must rebuild the fores that we can live there again. >> nawaz: there's also a push to haveocal brazilian farmers like nedio goldoni conserve more goldoni owns a cale ranch outse of canarana. about ten years ago, in order to cos,ly with deforestation l he allowed the xingu seed network to work on his property. >> ( translated ): we need to produc hbecause ye a lot of human beings who need to be fed. but also we have to preserve what nee to be preserved. >> nawaz: back in cantao, scientist george georgidas says that even withew efforts to stop deforestation, pristine areas like this will kely disappeace you've cd that it will mostly be destyed? >> it will mostly be destroyed.a yo to know the limit of what you can do. it's like the barinrians are

buthe library. you can save a couple of books and hide them under your shyot. that's whacan save. you've got to be optimistic and do it. if you're like, "but they're burning thwhole library. what's the point?" then you don't even save those two books. and then in 1,000 yeaea when people how to realeagain, there's not going to be anything. so, you have to have a different attitude.>> nawaz: but george and silvana hope a dferent attitude will also help save areas ke cantao, and the anihils that callremarkable place home, for as long as possible. you've been studying thesar animals for and years, and you still talk about them with a sense of wonder. does it stl excite you to come out and try to find them? >> oh, definitely. you love.mebodyng you never lose your enthusiasmv when there is e. >> nawaz: even all these years later? >> all these yearmos later and re.fo >> nawazthe pbs newshour, i'm amna nawaz in tocantins, brazil.

>> woodruff: stay with us. coming up on the newshour: global migration and a family's wrenching choice.ng speaith the author of "a good provider is one who leaves." and, a cambodian dancer gives on honoring traditional art take forms. in the world of art, modern mexico faced profound change 100 years ago, when revolution toppled a dictatorship. and it's remained in a state of evolution ever sincti mexico city joaquin seguraraws inspiration from the growing pains of the region, which he weaves into his mixed wirary art powerful social commentary. npr correspondent lulu rcia navarro has his story. this report is part of our ongoing ts and culture series, "canvas." see the black bars of amight

heavy-redacted document, outlined in red and black to show where the shuded words would be, mexican artist joaquin sera sees a tapestry. >> it's a french technique that was originally used by the royalty. >> reporter: fhis latest collection, segurfound inspiration in a series of once-top-secret documents: thousands of pages of declassified u.s. government files about the c.i.a.'s involvement in the 1973 coup that brought chilean dictator augusto pinochetto power. >> so this is actually the cover letter, the cover page of the daily brief that richard nixon received on the morning of the litary coup. september 11, 1973. >> reporter: segura's art takes found objects and transforms them, like this display of the o tattered fla powerful nations, called "g8," for the international gathering that brings them together. or these blown-upmagesof radical leaders from china, the soviet union and germany, with discount price tags-- playing on the notion of a marketplace of ideas, where political theories and the people who sell them rise and fall in value. but his art has a common theme:

how the powerful only serve themselves, and how real change can only come from the hands of the people. >> when art becomes political, it really becomes a very important tool. >> reporter: mauricio galguera is his longtime gallery representative in mexico. >> but he really manages to sonate all these happenings in our local societies into things that are going on all around the rld.wo so in the end, his work really speaks about human nature. >> reporter: some of segura's between the united states and its neighbors to the south. amera has a long history of intervening in latin american affairs, includinrag those in se own country. it'ssomething he tackles head- on in some of hisieces, like this 2014 statue called "notes on mexico." the stack of pages e how the sculpture got its name. "notes on mexico"es was a book written in 1822 by j.r.se po. he became the first u.s. amssador to mexico, but his

meddling in local politics got him expelled. this stone had a ifprevious le, ttooo. it was protest the outcome ofhe 2012 mexican presidential election. s were useaterial as projectiles by the people in demonstrations, specifically against the election of the mexican president enrique pena nieto. >> reporter:ena nieto's party was accused of vote buying, streets.nt protesters into the >> one of the reasons i do art is to come to terms with everything that's happenin , not only ixico, but in the world at the moment. >> reporter: now, there is a new leader in por, from an opposing party. but for segura, the political affiliation is irrelevantnk he doesn't tthings will get better because of politiciansci corruption, which is in mexico, it's highly normalized. and it's so ingrained in our everyday institutions and ofructures that, again, it's something that wn overlook. >> reporter: segura's political views we shaped by his parents

who witnessed the 1968 massacre in mexico city, where hundreds of students were gunned down during protests around the olympics. the event is seared into mexico's collective memory, the dead still honed in annual demonstrations. in 2014, another mass killing drew mexicans back into tes streets in rponse to the disappearance of de43 ss who had been on their way to a protest in mexico city. their boes were never found, and mexico's attorney general insisted all 43 bodies had been incinerated. but an independent report latt determined tederal that burning 43 hum bodies was "scientifically impossible." segura's piece, "pyre," forces viewers to contemplate the scale hoat would require, seen here in a san francisco ng. >> it turns out that you need 760 kilograms of wood beneath three car tires, and 71 liters of gasoline, just to disappear one single body. 's completely-- it's not probable. >> reporter: mexico is still tryi to uncover the truth behind those 43 murders.

late last year, after taking office, the new presideth andres manuel lopez obrador created a new commission to investigate. segura remains skeptical of any leader's power to solve this or other naonal prlems. but, it's not made him cynical. he's devoted to h elping the next generation of mexican artists, through a two-year training program called soma. >>here is something that we are not tisfied with and we are working every day to make that different. h >> reporteis advising one of his mentees, yolanda benalba, on a video installation-- the culmination of hetwo-year training at soma. for segura, the pf ay about much more than simply launching careers. does it make you feel hopeful about the future? heavy word.hope is also a very but yeah, definitely. i mean, i'looking forward to... to see a different mexico. >> reporter: segura knows thatex history ino sometimes repeats itself, but he's committed to changing its

future. for the pbs nehour, i'm lulu garcia navarro. >> woodruff: on our "bookshelf" tonight, one family quest to escape crippling poverty the only way they could-- by leaving their children behind, to find work abroad. amna nawaz is back. she recently spoke wide author jasorle about his book, "a good provider is one who leaves," tracing three generations of asingle family across the world. deparle begins by telling how he first met the family in the philippines. i was interested in life in shanty town. it's not migration. migration was the farthest thing from my mind, and i wanted to move in with a family and try to see slum life up close, and i found a family to move in with, and actually i went to a nun who

lived in this community and asked her to help meind a family to live with. i thought she would go and screen families and take me to meet one, but instead shemealked hrough the shanty town and sort of auctioned me off on the spot first person she approached the woman said, no, no, no. the second one, no, no, no. the third wasto frightened to respond, and that was the one i wound up moving in with. >> reporter: tell me about tat family. >> while i wasn'nking about migration, migration is how the family survived. a mother homeiv with kids and her husband was a guest worker saudi arabia, go off two years and come back and she was raising the kids on tonhe, ten times the pay. >> ten times. this is tita and emma. >> yes. >> reporter: how unusual was that arrangement, the more you dug into it? >> tita was one of eleven kids and her family of nine went

abroad or had spouses who did. d generationa sec of 45 or so cousins and last count 23 or 24 had gone abroad. the philippines is the country in the world where the government does the most to promote migration. remittances sent back are 10% of the gdp migrations to the philippines is what cars were once tro d, the civic religion. >> reporter: as you take interest in this ad spending day-to-day life with thy-is family, you're talking about a very big issue, migration, people travel all over the world and send remittances back, not just people from the philippines. what do you say in the dato-day impact on the family, how they live and relate to one anothe t >> they're ohave the few families in the slum area that had a toilet. tangible want a example of what migration meant to them, meant they could put a new rhef on house, have better wallshave indoo plumbing. eventually it meant their middle

daughter rosalie, the one i came close to, barely could afford to go toursing sool an that allowed her to go abroad and eventually make it to the united . migration was more than a source of income, it was ultimately a vehicle for transformation orio salvfor this family. >> reporter: you talked about in putting thisamily's experience in the context of global migraon, through an intimate look at this one family. what did you learn largely about how and why people move? >> the moment, called the lightb oment for me when ereally understood the importance of global migration was when i discovered research that hadsh n remittances, the money that people sent home, are three times the world's foreign aid budgets combined. migration is theorld's anti-poverty program. if you believe that people should get up and help themselves, that's what they do when they migrant. they had a p nfound impa only on the philippines but also

all across the world.or >> rr: we are having a lot of national conversations about immigration right here in the united states, and i wonder, having f flowed thily over multiple generations, having put them in the context of the wayst the f the world moves, how are you processing thewe conversatione having here right now? >> i think there's a lot of pessimism in the united states about the prospects for assimilation. certainly on the part of peoe who don't like immigration, they'll say the problem isim grants aren't assimilating the way they used to, they're not learning english, they're not fitting in, but enamong those who are in the middle of the road and somewhat supportive are worried will this generation assimilate the way immigrants of the past did. no one family can stand for everyone in a country of 44 million immigrants, but what i found was, for this family and a substantial numberf immigrants, the powers of american assimilation remain profound, formidable. this family achieved in three

years the fkind simulation that used to take three generations, house in the suburbs,ees on the honor r. >> reporter: in another interview, you were talking about this family's sterned you said what you took away from their story personally isin immigratio america is working much better and immigration as a whole isuc workingbeer than a lot of people give it credit for. what did you mean by that? there are 44 million immigrants, so everyone has a different story, and one can't stand for everyone, but i think we have been so focused on illegal immigration and th ae cristhe border that we've forgot upthat three-quarters of the immigrants the country are here legally. among new immigrants, our image immigration is often still one of latino immigration,e whereas amongw immigrants, asians dominate. the majority have collegew. degrees and live in the suburbs among new immigrts. so i think it's the reheality is often very different than the crisis coverage that drives so

much of the new cycle. ne reporter: the book is "a good provier is ho leaves." jason deparle, thank you so much for being here. >> thank you. >> woodruff: in 2015, artist prumsodun ok formed cambodia's first all-male nd gay-identified khmer dance company in his living room. in tonight's "brief but spectacular," he honors and classical dance.tory of khmer this is also part of "canvas," our ongoing coverage of arts and culture.>> hen you look at khmer classical dance, there are a lot of curves in our art form. so we actually train our hands. we bend them back like this, and gestures that we use.hand this is a-- represents a tree.

that tree is going to grow and then it'll have leaves. after it has leaves, it's going to have flowers. and after it has flowers, it'sg go have fruit. that fruit is going to drop and a new tree will grow. and so, in those four gestures are the cycle of life. >> we use those four same gestures to illustrate sadness, love, anger, pain, joy, pride. the t form was nearly destroyed in the 1970s, when the khmer rouge took over. a eriod of less than four years, 90% of khmer dance tists lost their lives, during cambodia's population perished through disease, overwork, starvation and execution. my teach's teachers were instrumental in reviving the art form from the ashes of war and genocide, and what they really

did was, they wrote the history when i think about what is my role to this tradition that was nearly lost, i have aty responsibio offer my fullest self. my realities as a gay man, someone born and raed in the diaspora in and of and between many different worlds. i di't go to ca intention of starting cambodia's first gay dance company. had plans to move to mexico city. then i got a fellowship, work with all young male gay dancers. when iot to cambodia, my dance teacher, my friends who are the leading dance artists in cambodia, they would say, "prum, can you stay here?" you know, "the country needs you, the a form needs you." and i would say, "n" because everywhere i looked around muc i saw so sadness. after a montand a half y training theung men, who i sat down and i watched them. look like a real company."ey d, cambodia's first gay dance company just formed in my livingoom." to call the company a gay dance

company is a very brave and very forward thing. before i auditioned the dancers, i told them i need ave people. you are going to go onstage and you ing to represent a community at doesn't have a voice oftentimes. my name is prumsodun ok, and this is my "brief but spectacular" take on honoring your traditions. >> woodruff: and u n find additional "brief but spectacular" episesn our website, pbs.org/newshour/brief. nline righshour o now: millions of americans stand op lose food stamp benefits under a policy ped by the trump administration. new state-level data offers a glimpse of who would be impacte if this rule goes into effect. you can learn more on our website, www.pbs.org/newshour. and that is the newshour for night. i'm judy woodruff. join us online, and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you, and

we'll see you son. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been prided by: >> bnsf railway. >> consumer cellular. >> financial services firm raymond james. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributitrons to your s station from viewerlike you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by hello, everyone, and welcome

to "amanpo and company." re's what'sre coming up. hurricane dorian bears down on thearolinas as democratic candidates gather to resent tear vision to fight climate chge. >> we have a set amount of time years, which to act, ten we cant take chances. >> i speak to beto o'rourke of texas. plus,he amazon rain forest burns on the brazilian president's watch. minister defends his the foreign government's'solicies. and. >> the soldiers came, pounded oe oufront door with their fists, a sound that i still remember. i mean, i think -- i thought the whole house trembled. >> americans prisoned because of where they come from, actor