captioning spowsored by ur productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight: dorian's deadly journey north. with rescue efforts underwa rin the bahamaidents of the carolinas evacuate under threat of rising waters. then, paying for omes. president trump takes money from projects ilitary deliver on his campaign pledge of building a border wall. plus, the amazon under attack. in our final dispatch froth brazilgrowing risks to rainforest biodiversity, and to life on earth. >> if we start lo lpesinges, it's like removing a card from the house of cards. eventually, there will be a point when the planet will collapse.

>> woodruff: all that and more, on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> kevin. >> kevin! >> kevin? >> advice for life. life well-planned. learn more at raymondjames.com.> nsf railway. >> consumer celllar. >> and by the alfred psloan foundaion. supporting science, technology, and improved economic performance and inancial literacy in the 21st century.

>> carnegie corpration of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security.g. at carnegie.ne >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: and individua. >> this program was made possibley the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. y thank you. >> woodruff: hurricane dorian is hugging the coast of the carolinas tonight, and stil doing damage. downpours filled streets with water today, and winds of 110 miles an hour blew out power to morehan 200,000 customers.

the storm wa cblamed for four deaths in the u.s., plus t at least 20 e bahamas. john yang reports again from nassau, in the bhamas, on the storm's progress. >> yang: an all-day assault: rattling winds and unrelenting rain as hurricane the carolinas.s south carolina governor henry mcmaster: >> we urge everybody to stay inside. n if you dond to be out, don't go out. and in ts kind of situation,o you don't need go out. stay off the streets. it's very dangerous. >> yang: oveight, the storm actually strengthened for a time, as it pushed north, just offshore.r charleston, southina.eets in by day, massive waves crashed oc the folly beh pier near charleston. up the coast, at myrtle beach, a foam-covered jeep was partially submergedar. onlookers took selfies as waves rocked the car. more than 800,000 south

carolinians were under evacuation orders. somelike michael gordon, sought shelter in charleston. >> they're expecting a lot of water downtown, and it was best to get out. hope for the best, prepare for the worst. and i'm preparing for the worsti >> yang: but cp ervin and others deced to ride it out. >> we just kind of waited and tched the storm to decide what was going on, and we've been through enough storms that we'll kind of just wait and kind of see how they play out. >> yang: as thday progressed, dorian lumbered toward north carolina, where the outer banks barrier islands are vulnerable. governor roy cooper: >> get to safety,nd stay ther don't let your guard down. this won't be bsh-by, whether it comes ashore or not. >> yang: cooper also warned of stldm surges that ceach seven feet. another danger? rnados. one ripped through emerald isle, south of wilmington, leaving

shredded homes and fences in its wake. in the bahamas, dorian's devastation was again on full display. under sunny skies and along the now-calm shores, leveletshomes and yaossed around a damaged harbor. on abaco island, survivors eiced new reality. in a shanttown known as "the mudd," a rainbow rose out of the vast rubble.ns andrew errived in nassau today from abaco. >> everything in abaco is totally destroyed. it literally looks like we were bombed. everything in abaco is gone. >> yang: a flurry of rescue and phoping to make it m to abaco , grand bahama tomorrow.hu heather , an attorney and abaco native started a group called "restoration abaco" to help bring rs ief suppl the ravaged island. >> as time goes on and the days go by, and we have todd other things like building materials and appliances and whatever else and get a full assessment. but right now it's just food and water and medical supplies and making sure everyone is safe anw

secure al-fed. 90-foot barge to haul supplies. and celebrity chef jose andres is leading a team in the kitchen the atlantis hotel convention center in nassau. today they cookedassive batches of pasta soup and made thousands of tuna fish sandwiches for survivors in grand bahama and abaco. today's goal: 10,000 sandwichesm here in thina in nassau, some of these pleasure boats are being loaded up,ea to make the run tomorrow to abaco island.these four boats are beig loaded with supplies donatedie y attanooga businessman lou lantini. aley have 20,000 tarps, generators, med supplies, tents, toiletries. they expect to get offshore of hometown, abaco, and hope tost there three or four days and ferry this stuff on shore,

an example of people taking efforts into their own hands. >> wdruff: and, john, you were telling us that you've just seen widespread examples of this, of individuals moving to do what they can on their own. >> reporter: that's right, andke the spot we td about, the group restoration abaco, when i heard from o o f the organizer, another ornizer we met last night, jen, a native of abaco now a mortician in nassau, and anrestingly is organizing other morticians across the erhamas and told us her idea. >> me as a f director, i'm told that there are -- theua number of cies are rising. i have deployed a team of professional morti in fact, we were supposed to go today. we couldn't get in but we're leaving in the morning. but the hard part is i f don't knowwill be retrieving my own loved ones. i have my tsmother, a uncles,

brothers, sisters, nieces and nephews, al in the a where there man no -- no -- no relief at this particularime, no rescue, no recovery. >> reporte just an example of people making efforts on their own in the midst of great personal tragedy, judy. >> woodruff: and, john, you were also telling us about a number of non-governmenta organizations, how they are trying, in their way,, to prove help, and the challenges they face. >> reporter: in the last couple ofha days ther been a number of n.g.o. officials who have been privately complainiom out the government's pace of giving them permission to take their efforts ndout to g bahama, out to abaco. they feel stifled and frustrated they haven't been able to actfa er. but, on the other hand, there are other n.g.o.s who say they understand it,hat they feel that they need to work with the government, not go out there on their own. here's joan kelly of the heart-to-heart internationalga

zation. >> i would say that, generally tant that we imp work through the agencies that exist here. they will be here long after ree ave and ere before we were. frankly put, this is going to be a belong-term response, and i think everyone is going to neede a long-term support. critical., i think, most reporter: we reached out to the bahamian government for a response to some of the n.g.o.s and we haven't heard back. i might add, among the n.g.o. community, there seems to be a sense of optimism that things are changing, that things are getting moving, that perhaps they will be able to get out and start their efforts on the islands. >> woodruff: and, john, i gather we are only beginning to understand the full sweep of just how devastating this hurricane has been, and some ofe that sense we're getting is from these before and after images of

these islands before and after , is hurricane. >> reporter: yeat's exactly right, from social media, from people on theis nds who were sending whout pictures like this of the airport on abaco, just showig how the airport has been inundated, the runwnusated with water, with sand, withis de the forcof the hurricane winds sitting on that island, sitting over it for more than two days, and we can see the devastation nd the effects of that in those chfore and after pictures. >> woodruff: so work left to be done. john yang reporting for us tonight from nassau in the bahamas, thank you, john. back here in the u.s., the storm has weakened as itin back herhe u.s., the storm has weakened considerably as it churns up the atlantic coastline. outh carolinon, s is one of the places in its sights today. john tecklenburg is the mayor, and i spoke with him by phone.

mayor tecklenburg, thank you so much for talking with atus. as charleston seen of this storm? >> thank you, judy. charleston, a beautiful city has seen kind of an ugly day, it's been dorian day inharlest today, and the good news is, even though the wind was higher than wexpected, theater was lower. and in a city where flooding and sea level rise are a number onet issut was good news today. >> woodruff: so preparations, did you feel the city was >> well, i was, and, judy, we've had real practice over the last four years. we've had four yearhwith te hurricane preparation. we reay, if i may say, have this down to somewhat of a science. repared, but we have seen quite a storm here today and now have had some

impact. we have a mber of closed roads, lots of people without power, over halof our citizens, so we've got tom cleanuo, and we have had a day today. evacuations? and what about were you in a situation where o leave to urge people is this. >> we have been doing that for -- since monday, when governor mcmaster issued aev uation order, and we fully support the governor when he does so, and,o, we have been asking people to leave, and then we know a lot of folks don't, so all of those folks remaining, we ask them to hunker down and chtten down the h, and i'm very proud of our citizens last night and today, it was like a ofst town, and people we the street, and that really helps people stay safe,ut it also protects our wonderful fit responders at they don't have to go out and make response

calls that are unnecesry. woodruff: you do have cleanup. you were spared the worst. you didn't have the flooding, the storm surge you miffed, but you'rt bu- you might have had bt you say there's work to be done. >> we had flooding but not as the wind was a lite little higher but we have cleanup to do. we have crews standing by and now out in the stets doing work, pumping water, cutting down trees. we have over 100 toll lowell streets closed stly due to trees and power lines down. together with the power company, we are working to g those streets back open, and we're going to have beautiful weather this weekend.l in fact, wl be back in business thissi weekend. >> woodruff: mayor, how much harder do you believe this was because of the unpredictability of this storm? to a 3, and the time of arrival was sonclear.

how much more difficult did tt make your job? >> well, this is a very uncertain business, and let me say myrt hea goes out to the devastation that occurred in the bahamas. in fact, we have local folks who are already starting local relief efforts for the bahamas. t thas just terrible devastation down there. a week ago theyg were sayinis storm would barrel across florida rather than even come in way. so it's just an undern science. there's a lot of signs to it, but it's a bit uncertain. so you just have to prepare for the worst a hope and pray hor the best. that's what we always do. >> woodruff: wel we wish you the very best with all the you and, yes, we all are so relieved that it wasn't worse i than it w your city. the mayor of charleston, john tecklenburg, thank you very much. >> thank you so much, judy.

let's nd out more ab >> woodruff: let's find outore about where dorian is right now: the projected path in coming hours, and what ican mean for the rest of the carolinas and farther up the eastern seaboard. edward rappaport the deputy director of the national hurricane center, and he joins me from ami. edward rappaport, tell me where is dorian now? >> at this hour, dorian is centered and you can see clearly the eye, the eye is located about 45 miles from myrtle beach, about 85 miles from wi tington. duri day, it's been gradually drawing closer to the coast, and the forecast has it tually coming ashore likely later tonight or early tomorrow, perhaps the southern part of north carolina or on the outer banks. > woruff: so comingshore, does that -- is that more of a sign of potentially more damage, or what do you expect? >> that's rht. even with the center offshore today, we've seen winds of hurricane force from about

charleston northward, but e strongest winds are still offshore, and as the center makes landfall, the winds will come over the shoreline, and we would expect to have wind gusts exceeding 100 miles per hour, observed, reported over the next 12 to 18 hours as the center passes across southeastern north carolina, and those winds are following pretty much the way the rain bands mreing here -- moving water ashore, so we expect there to be a srm t surt could be life-threatening along the cotline. >> woodruff: and what about the speed of thisee hurricane? has it spe up since its very, veryw sigin there in the bahamas? >> yes, it's gradually accelerating and that's good ws as it won't linger too w long in any one place. the system is now ming -- the center is moving toward the northeastr about 10 miles hour and, over the next 240 24*+

hours, will be accelerating a furthe then pulling away fromhe coast during the >> woodruff: have you learned at this point, edward rappaport, can we understand better why this storm seems to have been sd untable? >> actually, the forecast has not been off by that much. we did think the inrricane was to take a run towards south florida, as it did a couple of days ago, and then slow and turn and take a course roughly parallel to the coastline to the southeast, and that's roughlyaphatned. didn't get all the details right, but i think the sense of what to expect in both the bahamas d the southeast of the united states was covered pretty well in the messaging.e' >> woodruff: now hearing about tornadoes being spawned. do they have connection to the hurricane or is that an independent thing? >> on occasion, ther are tornadoes associated with hurricanes, and often asshey are inase, they occur in these outer bands well ahead of the center, andhat's what w saw earlier today, and there is

a risk still for tornadoes during the overnight hours tof:ght. >> woodrnd the last thing i want to ask you is just for folks whos may be in the past, south carolina, north carolina, southern virginia, what do they need to on the lookout for? >> we talked about they could have wind gusts at least over 100 miles per hour. greatestoncerns are going to be, as often is the case, is the depth of the water. here we have the forecast for the iurnundation from storm could reach 4 to 7 feet along the coast, particularly the northern part of south carolina up through north carolin and even some inundation expected in southeastern part of virg iinia. th considered life-threatening at these levels. we also are a concernut excessive rainfall in just the same areas. 6 to 10 inches of rain forecast for coastal south carolina and north carolina, locally 10 ato 15 inche the combination of those twost factorsm surgrge and rainfall, that's gog

to lead to flash flooding and potentially loss of life in this area. >> woodruff: well, we are doing everything we can to get the word out, and i know that you are, too. edward orrappwith the national hurricane center, thank you. >> thank you. >> woodruff: in theay's other news, a taliban car bombing in afghanistan killed two nato soldiers and ten civilians. one soldier was an american, the fourth to die in the last two weeks. the suicide ast in kabul left wrecked vehicles near headquarters.ssy and nato in addition to the dead, hours later, a bombing in a neighboring province killed four people at a afghan military bas. in britain, prim minister boris johnson is vowing to push again for early elections in the batt over brexit. the house of commons voted

wednesday against callingti els. it also voted against leaving the european union on october 31 without a formal deal. today, at a police recruiting event in north england, johnson said an election isow essential.e >> i hnging on about brexit, i don't want to go on about this anymore, and i don't want an election at all. i don't want an election at all, butfrankly, i cannot see any other way. the only way to get this thing done, to get thisng toving, is to make that decision. >> woodrngf: johnson's ru conservatives will try again on monday to win approval of new elections. meanwhile, the prime minister's brother, jo johnsonquit his position as a conservative member of parliament today. he said was torn between family loyalty and the british national interest.

president trump's middle gst envoy, jasenblatt, has announced he is leaving the administration. he was therchitect of the president's israeli-peace plan. but, it has not been released, and the palesti,ans rejected negotiations after mr. trump moved the u.s. embassy to jerusalem and cognized israeli sovereignty over the golan heights. the president of turkey, recep tayyip erdogan, is threatening to let a flood of syrian refugees leave tufurkey for western counies. that is unless a "safe zone" for refugees is established inside syria before the month is out. erdogan voiced his frustrationto fficials of his ruling party in ankara today. >> ( translated ): we will be forced to open the gates. we will beorced to open the gates. if you're gointo provide support, then proprvide support. and if you're not, sorry. we've tolerated this up to a certain point, and we're still tolerating it.

are we the only ones who are going to car this burden? >> woodruff: turkey has taken in 3.6 million syrian refugees since the war in syria began in 2011. erdogan says the european union has not provided promised financial support in exchange for turkey stemming the flow of migrants to europe. i bathis country, a jury in california acquitted one of two men charged with involuntary, manslaught a warehouse party fire in 2016. the jury failed to reach aon verdiche other defendant. the pair managed the warehouse, where 36 people died. the place was packed with furniture and other flammablet material, d only two exits, and no smoke detectors. the u.s. educationtn depart fined michigan state university $4.5 million today over sexual abuse by a sports dtor. the announcement said the school failed to respond to repegaed complaintsst larry nassar. he is now in prison, effectively for life, for possessing child pornography and

molesting yog girls. on wall street, sontocks surgedn news that the u.s. and china plan to hold new trade talks next month. the dow jones industrial average gained 372 points to close at 26,728. the nasdaq rose nrl 140 points, and the s&p 500 added 38. and, basketball reeat jerry west ived the presidential medal of freedom today. west was a 14-time all-star in his hall-of-fame career with the los angeles lakes, which ended in 1974. president trump presented west with the medal at a white house ceremony. it is the nation's highest civilian honor. still to come on the newshour: where is president trump finding the money to pay fo his long-promised border wall? a threat to the amazon is a threat to the planet. ecazil, and the risks of s extinction. fusing the pitical and the

artistic, to critique how leaders wield power. plus, much more. president trump's most notable campaign promises: that he'd border, and that mexico would pay for it. but now there is word this week, of 127 u.s. military projects whose funds will be diverted instead for constructn of the border wall. our own lisa desjardins has been digging into all ofhis, and she's here with me now. hello, lisa. so tell us, where is this money coming from, what are these projects? >> start with that first. as you said, it's 127 projects, it's about t $3.6 billiot the president will move to help build border barriers of various

sorts. half of this money is coming from overseas installations. the other half is from milita installations here in the u.s. let's look at where thosare. those are affecting 23 states, and i want to leave this up for a minute so people can loo for their states. it's the perimeter of the country. this affects everything from rvice academies like west point to small and large institutions, training facilities, all of the branches of the service are being affected byg this. these funds, judy, impacted specifically are those who have been approved by congress, but there is not a contract yet to start building them. so this means they are ateast on hold and the president is them later, it's not cleard congress will do that. >> woodruff: 127ifferent projects. tell us more about what the projects are and who will befe ed by this. >> it's a fascinating list and t involves strategic stallations and compounds and it also affect things that affect the quality of life for

the men a women who serve in our military. look at three that are good examples of what we're talking about. one on the right, 95 medical center for an elementary school in okinawa japan, for the children of american military service members. military families depend on those. many need to be rebuilt. that school is now put on hold. mong back, $15 million put on hold for an ambulatory care center or outpatient health center in camp lejeune. healthcare a rising problem in the militar in some sectors, that is on hold. then below, $17 million gthat would hae to a fire and rescue stationn kendall air force base in florida. i picked that bechat firhaeble. station was damaged in hurricane michael last year. ey were waiting for those repairs, they will have to continue waiting now because again.oney has been put on hold also, judy, in this list, probably the one area that saw the most -- the largest number

of projects deferred is puerto ric $400 million worth of projects there. that's something that democrats will raise. also a large number of projects affecting eurean defense initiatives. that affects our posture with russia. those are being put on hold. that is something european allies will watch closely. >> woodruff: puerto rico devastated by hurricane maria. >> yeah. druff: so these are a few examples you're teing us about. in turn, president trump has long said he wants this border wall. what is he getting out of this. >> right, th is important for supporters and opponents to have the president to look at. the president is getting emor border fencing and wall. specifically, 11 projects will be funded they say. theryou seehe steel slat fencing he's putting up, it will include some of that, along abou175 miles of additnal new fencing and some repair fencing. i want to point out, it's not all sel slats. some of it is normandy fencing you saw as well. so the president is actually ing to expand being on a

border barrier because of this money. it's 175 miles but it's a 2,000-mile border. >> woodruff:nd tell us h is he doing ts? appropriated by the congress.s how can the president come in and say, nope, we're not going to spend it for this, we'r going to spend it for that? >> the constitution says the treasury can only appropriatese money p by appropriations law, by congress. so he's getting around that. that is not the will of the congress. let's show how the process usually works ifnt thell presi wants to divert funding. he would have to go to congresss ancongress for permission. in this case we know congress is not giving that permission because house democrats do not want to fund this wall. what's he doing instead? he has declared national emerncy for the purpose of going around congress, he's invoking emergency powers, and he is not asking congressional permission, which he usually would have tn do, ever small amounts of reprogramming, anything over $20 million, judy, you need sign-off from congres 's significant. this is such a huge amount of

money. it's really unprecedented in how much he's moving this way. >> woodruff: $3.6 billion, as you said. >> right. >> woodruff: lisa, this effect efas you've shown on that map, a political diversity of red states, blue states. what kind of political reaction has there been?em >>rats are irate about it. stealing,this however, so far, have lost their battle in court to try to make their case. courts generally ruled if all congress doesn't agree, the house and the senate, the can't take action. they are furious, and i think affects the upcoming spending debate in the next months because in the next 30 days wee supposed to se another spending bill. i hear from some democrats well, if the defense department doesn't need this money, will we pay it for them or not?pu icans are in a tricky defending dng mon wheren them

this way but they say the border needs to be when they come back next week, they will all be tested to find out are they going to vote to back phil this money or not. it will be a hot political issue for this country. it affects dozens of local papers, this was the headline today. w woodruff: fascinating. this is happenile the congress is in recess, they're not in washington. it washi announcedle they're all back home in their districts. >> that's right.a >> woodruff: lsjardins, excellent reporting, thank you. >>ou're welcome. >> woodruf south america's amazon rainforest is home to a remarkable diversity of anima and plant life. but a record-breaking number of forest fires and the already ongoing cutting down of trees is putting many othe rainforest's original inhabitants at risk. with the support of the pulitzer center, amna nawaz and producer

mike fritz traveled to centra brazil to see the efforts underway to save osone of the pristine sections of the amazon it is the last part of our series, "brazil on the brink." >> these here are probably puma nawaz: in this corner of the amazon basin in central brazil, so just by looking at the tracks like this, you have a better sense of what actually lives in this area? >> yeah. we get a sense of what lives in this area, of what is more abundant and what's rare, and then we start getofting a sense okay, which habitat do we need to protect more of? >> nawazgeorge georgiadas is a brazilian scientist, fighting to protect everythinivg that here. animals like giant river otinrs, pink dol rarely seen jungle cats, like jaguars, and hundreds of speci of birds.vi so theirval is dependent on the srevival of this a >> their survival is dependent onhe survival of this area. >> nawaz: but animate change amazon's rainforest and thehe

surrounding savannah, known as the cerrado, has e'made geo mission all the more dire. >> we've lost probably half the natural habitat of this area since 2013. ings are going fast. >> nawaz: how long do we have? what do you think?y >> it's alreast time. we're just picking up the pieces. >> nawaz: to sav what th could, george and his wife, silvana campello, helped the create cantao state park ins 1998, a nearly 350 square mile stretch of pstine forest and grasslands, nestled between the araguaia and coconut rivers. >> we fell in love for this place because, as biologists, we could understand how important this place is. >> nawaz: the couple ruses visitingesearchers, who run long-term studies a use motion-activated cameras, to better understand what animals actually live here and what they need to survive. some, like the giant otters,

hein even been saved from brink of extion. >> we have placed a camera trap, soe are going to go there and check the camera trap and see i ths been any activity. >> nawaz: and trag ckem, silvana says, has led to new discoveries about the way they live and interact with ch other. among the otters? >> among the otters. >> nawaz: like what? >> like, for example, den sharing. a certain group of otters will occupy a den f couple of weeks and then they will leave, and another group would come and use the same den. then the group will leave and the former owners would come back and live in t a nt same de. az: it's like an-- like an airb&b? >> it's like an airb&b for giant otters. the threats to theamazoncus on rainforest, silvana says, it's the animals that are the bestor bioindicf a changing vironment.t. millions of insects, thousands of known plants, dfish, an birds, and hundreds of mammals, reptiles, and amphibians call

this area home. you know, one out of every ten knowspecies in the entire planet lives in the amazon. that's plants, insects, and animals.d ientists say new ones are actually discovered all the time. which is why, they say, for every acre lost, an entire species could disappear right a wloh it. that's why silvana says it's crucial to not only protect this area for the animals that live here, but for humans as well. >> it's the caeffect. people say that nature is like a house of cards. if we start losing species, it's house of cards. card from the eventually, there will be a point when the planet will because everybody has a role. everybody's here for a purpose. the purpose, meaning the balance of the planet. >> the single greatest repository of the variety of life on earth is in the amazon. >> naz: thomas lovejoy is an ecologist at george mas h

university ws been coming to and studying the amazon since the 1960s. >> the amazon actually makes this planet work. it affects thee.lim it affects the hydrological cycle.l and ese species added up become biological diversity. all have evolutionary histories that gback four billion years. >> nawaz: but the amazon's incredibly rich biodiversity is different fronts. from several nearly 20% of it has been deforested since the 1970s, cleared out to mke way for infrtructure projec, mining and agriculture. that destruction is having a devastating impact on the ecosystem, and many of the rainforest's original inhabitants. it's estimated that hundreds of species in brazil are now facing the reatref extinction. >> as we lose species, the next generation will not miss them. but if you show them, if you

bring people to see giant otters, r exampnkle, here, or olphins, if they see them, if they relate to them, they care now. we must care now, before they go. >> naz: but the monumental effort to repopulate and regrow what has already been lost in the amazon is slowly beginning, and some of the solutions might be found in this small storage facility in canarana, brazil. comes from 60 to 120 species that we work with. >> nawaz: it's called muvuca,ng a planechnique that uses native forest seeds to be spread over burnt or deforested land. e method was developed with input from the xingu indigenous tribe. >> ( translated ): the importance of involving them is because they have been here. it is their call they are holders of the knowledge of these species. thes know which are the spe that will germinate well. >> nawaz: bruna ferreira is the manager of the xingu seed

network, a cooperative between indigenous communities, local farmers and n.g.o.'s that started in 2007 with the goal of scattering nativeeeds across deforested land. >> ( translated ): this is a job of ants. n but the sework is the largest network in brazil and nobody does work like this. >> nawaz: the hope is that the forest will slowly regrow with stronger, more durable plants and trees. it'sll part of a larger effort using native seeds that aims to eventually plant millions of trees. >> ( translated ): today, there are 600 collectors of native seeds. and the network helped to recuperate and reste more than 5,000 hectares ofde degrad areas below the xingu and amazon rivers. >> nawaz: for somale xingu trib members, like abeld-yxavante, a 21r-old who now works for the seed network, regrowing the forest is essential topa preserving thst. >> ( translated ): we came from the forest, and today, nobody else from my tribe lives in the forest. we live in the savannah. and young peop do not know the seeds, and they no longer want to eat forest fruits and oturr foods fromd lture.

they want white man's food, sweets and sodas. so we mustebuild the forest so that we can live there again. pu>> nawaz: there's also to have local brazilian farmers like nedio goldoni of their land. goldoni owns a cattle ranch outside of canarana. out ten years ago, in order to comply with deforestation laws, he allowed the xingu seed network to work on his property. >> ( translated ): we need to produce becausloyou have of human beings who need to be fed. but also we have to preserve what needs to beerprd. >> nawaz: back in cantao, scientist george georgidas says that even with new efrts to stop deforestation, pristine areas like this will likely disappear. you've conceded that it will mostly be destroed? >> it will mostly be destroyed.n you have t the limit of what you can do. it's like the barbarians lie

burning thary. you can save a cole of books that's what you can save.shirt. you've got to be optimistic and do it. if you're like, "but they're burning the whole library. what's the point?" then you don't even save thoseooks. and then in 1,000 years when people learn how to read again, there's not going. to be anythi so, you have thave a different attitude.: >> nawazbut george and silvana hope a differentattitude will also help save areas like cantao, and the animals that call this remarkable place home, for as long as possible. you've been studying these animals for years andears, and you still talk about them with e e of wonder. does it still excite you to come out and try to find them? >> oh,efinitely. it's like talking about somebody you never lose your enthusiasm when there is love. : nawaz: even all these years later? >> all these years later and more. >> nawaz: r the p newshour, i'm amna nawaz in tocantins, brazil.

>> woodruff: stayith us. coming up on the newshour: global mration and a fg ily's wrenchoice. speaking with the author of "a good provider is one who leaves." and, a cambodian dancer gives his "brief but spectacular" take on honoring traditional art form mexico faced profound change 100 years ago, when revolution toppled a dictatorship. and it's remained ia state of mexico city nativein. segura draws inspiration from the growing pains of the region, which he weaves into his contemporary art mixed with powerful social commentary. npr correspondent lulu garcia navarro has his story. this report is part of our ongoing arts andculture series, "canvas." >> reporter: where you might see the black bars of a

heavily-redacted document, outlined in red and black to show where the shrouded words would be, mexican artist joaquin segura ss a tapestry. >> it's a french technique that was originally used by the royalty. >> reporter: for his latest collection, segura foundll inspiration in a series of once-top-secret documents: thousands of pages of declassified u.s. government files about the .i.a.'s involvement in th19e coup that brought chilean dictator augusto pinochet to power. so this is actually the cover letter, the cover page of the daily brief that riard nixon received on the morning of the military coup. septber 11, 1973. >> reporter: segura's art takes found objects and transformsth , like this display of the tattered flags ofon powerful na called "g8," for the international gathering that brings them togehe or these blown-up imagesof radical leaders from china, the soviet unian and ge with discount price tags-- playing on the notion of a mars,tplace of idhere political theories and the people who sell them rise and fall in value. but his art has a common theme:

how the powerfulth only serve selves, od how real change can only come from the hands of the people. >> when art becomes political, it really becomes a very important tool. >> reporter: mauricio galguera is his longtime gallery mexico.tative in >> but he really manages to resonate all these happenings in our local societigses into th that are going on all around the world. so in the end, his work really speaks about human nature. ra'seporter: some of se work explores the relationship tween the united states and its neighbors to the south. america has long history of intervening in latin american affairs, including those ou segura's ownntry. it'ssomething he tackles head-g on in some of hisce p like this 2014 statue called "notes on mexico." the stack of pages are hothe sculpture got its name. "notes on mexico" was a book written in 1822 by j.r. poinsett. he became the first u.s. ambassador to mexico, but his

meddling in local politics got him expelled. this stone had a previous life, too. it was used to protest the outcome of the 212 mexican presidential elecantion. as projectiles by the people ecin demonstrations, ically against the election of the mexican president enrique pena nieto. >> reporter: pa nieto's party was accused of vote buying, which sent prote bters into thet ets. >> one of the reasons i do art is to come to terms with everything that's happening, no only in mexicot in the world at the momenhet. >> reporter: now, there is a new leader in power, from an but for segura, the political affiliation is irrelevant. he doesn't think things will get better because of politicians. exrruption, which is ino, it's highly normalized.it and so ingrained in our everyday institutions and structures that, again, it's something that we often overlook.or >> rr: segura's political views were shaped by his parents

who witnessed the 1968 massacre in mexico city, where hundr s of students were gunned down during protests around the olympics the event is searcoed into mexi collective memory, the dead still honored in annual demonstrations. in 2014, another mass killing drew mexicans back into the streets in response to the disappearance of 43 students who had been on their way to a m protest ico city. their bodies were never found, and mexico's attorney general insisted all 43 bods had been incinerated. but an independent report later determined that federal that burning 43 hodumans was "scientifically impossible." segura's piece, "pyre," forces viewereto contemplate the sc that would require, seen here in a san francisco showing. >> it turns out that you need 760 kilograms of wood beneath three car tires, and 71 liters of gasoline, just to disappear one single tody. c it'spletely-- it's not probable.ep >> rter: mexico is still trying to uncover the truth behind those 43 murders.

late last year, after taking office, the new presidentopnds manuel obrador created a new commission to investite. segura remains skeptical of any leader's power to solve this or other nationalmsrob but, it's not made him cynical. he's devoted to helping the next generation of mexican artists, through a two-year training program called soma. >> there isomething that we are not satisfied with and we are working every day to make that different. >> reporter: he is advising one of his mentees, yolanda benalbaa on a video ilation-- the culmination of her two-year training at soma. for segura, the payoff is about much more than simply launching does it make you feel hopeful about the ture? >> i think hope is also a very avy word. but yeah, definitely. i mean, i'm looking forward to... to see a different mexico. history in mexico sometimeshat repeats itself, but he's committed to changing its

future. for the pbs newshour, i'm lulu garcia navarro. >> woodruff: on our "bookshelf" tonight, one famiuely's to escape crippling poverty the only way they could-- by leaving their children behind, to find work abroad. amna nawaz is back. she recently spoke with author jason deparle about his book, "a good provider is one who leaves," tracing three generations of a single family across the world. deparle begins by telling how he first met the family in the philippines. i was interested in life in shanty town. it's not migration. migration was the farthest thing ndom my mind, and i wanted to move in with a family and try to see slum life up close, and i found a family to move in with, and actually i went to a nun who

lived in this community and asked her to help me find a family to live with. i thought she would go and screen families and take me tome one, but instead she wked me through the shanty town and rt of auctioned me off on the spot. first person she approached the woman said, no, no, no. the second one, no, no, no. the third was too frightened to respond, and that was t one i wound up moving in with. >> reporter: tell me about that family. g >> while i wasn't thinkout migration, migration is how the family survived. a mother home with five kids and her husband was auest worker ino saudi arabia, off two years and come back and she was raising the kids on the money, ten times the pay. >> ten times. this is tita and emma. >> yes. >> reporter: how unusual was thatangement, the more you dug into it? >> tita was one of eleven kids and her family of nine wt

abroad or had spouses who did. now there's a second generation of 45 or so cousins and last count 23 or 24 h gone abroad. the philippines is the country in the world where t government does the most to promote migration. remittances sent back10% of the gdp. migrions to the philippines is what cars were once to detroit, the civic religion. >> reporter: as you take interest in this and spending day-to-day life with this family, you're talking about iga very issue, migration, grpeople travel all over the wod andend remittances back, not just people from the philippines. at do you say in the day-to-day impact on the family, how they lee and rel to one another? >> they're one to have the few t families in the slum area that had a toilet. example of what migrati meant to them, meant they could put a new roof on their house, have better walls, have indoor umbing. eventually it meant theirly mide

daughter rosalie, the one i came close to, barely could afford to go to nursingchool andhat allowed her to go abroad and dventually make it to the unite states migration was more than a source of income, it was ultimately a hicle for transformation or salvation for this family. >> reporter: you talked about in putting this family's experience in the context of global migration, thugh an intimate look at this one family. what did you learn largely about >> the moment, called the light bulb moment for me when ereaunly rstood the importance of oglobal migration was when i discovered research that had shown remittances, the money that people sent home, are three times the world's foreign aid budgets combined. migration is the world anti-poverty program. if you believe that people should get up and help themselves, that's what they do when they migrant. they had a profoun impact not only on the philippines but also

all across the world. w >> reporte are having a lot of nationag conversations about immigration right h se in the unittes, and i wonder, having followed this family over utltiple generations, having them in the context of the way the rest of the world moves, how conversations we'rng here right now? >> i think there's a lot of about the prospects for states assimilation. certainly on the part of people who don't like immigration, they'll say the problem isan immi aren't assimilating the way they used to, they're not l erninglish, they're not fitting in, but enamong those who aren the middle of the road and somewhat supportive are worried will this generation assimilate theay immigrants of the past did. no one family can stand for everyone in a country of 44 million immigrants, but what i found was, for this family and a substantial number of immigrants, the powers of american assimilation remain this family achieved in three

years the kind of simulation that used to take three generations, house in the suburbs, kids onhe honor role. >> reporter: in another interview, you were talking about this family's stern you said what you took away from their story personally is immigration in america is working much better and immigration as a whole istt working much than a lot of people give it credit for. what did you mean by that? >> there are 44 million immigrants, so everyone has a dierent story, and one can't stand for everyone, but i think we have been so focused on illegal immigration and thee crisis at order that we've forgot upthat three-quarters of the immigrants th acountry here legally. among new immigrants, our image of immigration is often still one of latino immigration, whereas among new immigrants, asians dominate. most ce middle class now. the majority have college degrees and li in the suburbs among new immigrants. so i think it's the reality is often very different than the crisis coverage that drives so

much of the new cycle. >> reporter: the book is "a good provier is one who leaves." jason deparle, thank yongso much for b here. >> thank you. >> wdruff: in 2015, artist prumsodun ok formed cambodia's first all-male and gay-identified khmer dance company in his living room.mp in tonight's "brief but spectacular," he no and explains the history of khmer classical dance. our ongoing coverage of arts and culture. >> when you look at khmer classical dance, of curves in our art form. so we actually train our hands. we bend them back like this, and we have four primary hand gestures that we use. this is a-- represents a tree.

that tree is going to grow andth it'll have leaves. after it has leaves, it's going to have flowers. and after it has flowers, it'sav going tofruit. that fruit is going to drop and a new tree will grow. and so, in those four gestures are the cycle of life. >> we use those four same gestures to illustr, e sadness, loger, pain , joy, pride. the art form was nearly destroyed in the 1970s, when tho khmer rouge over. in a period of less 9han four year of khmer dance artists lost their lives, during a time when an entire third of cambodia's population perished through disease, overwork, stvation and execution. my teacher's teachers were instrumental in reviving the art form from the ashes of war and genocide, and what they really

did was, they wrote the history when i think about what is my role to this tradition that w nearly lost, i have a responsibility to offer my fullest seltif. my rea as a gay man, someone born and raised in the diaspora in and of and between many different worlds. i didn't go to cambodia with the tention of starting cambodia's first gay dance company. i had plans to move to mexico city. then i got a fellowship, work with all young male gay dancers. when i got tcambodia, my dance teacher, my friends who are the cambodia, they would say, "prum, can you stay here?" you know, "the , country needs you, the art form needs you." because everywhere i looked around me, i saw so much sadness. training these yon, whof of i sat down and i watched them. and i said, "ohoky god, they ike a real company." and, "oh my god, cambodia's first gay dance company just formed in my living room." to cl the company a gay dance

company is a very brave and very forward thing. before i auditioned the dancers, i told them i need brave people. you are going to go onstage and you are goin represent a community that doesn't have a vooftentimes. my name is prumsodun ok, and spectacular" take on honoring your traditions. >> woodruff: and you can find additional "brief but spectacular" episouodes o website, pbs.org/newshour/brief. now: millions of americans stand to lose food stamp benefits under a policy proposthe trump administration. new statlevel data offers a glimpse of who would be impacted you can learn more on our website, www.pbs.org/newshour. and that is the newshour for tonigh i'm judy woodruff. join us online, and again here morrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you, and

we'll see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >>nsf railway. >> consumer cellular. >> financial services firm raymond james. >> and with the ongoing support these institutions >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by conibutions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media with better for you ingredients

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