captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight: a return to the mueller report. former trump campaign manager corey lewandowski appears before congress to answer for his actis investigated by the special counsel. then, bibi and the ballot. on the ground in israel, asni o ime mister benjamin netanyahu attemptscling to power in today's historicti l-over el. plus, guns, red fls, and the lone star state. thtouching down in texas a national debate over firearms heats up. >> wt if he would have came running up at me and i didn't have a weapon on me at the time? what would i have done? you know, you start thinking of that and that's when you think, well, the only answer to that,

would be airearm. >> woodruff: all that and more, on tonight's pbs newshour. un >> major fng for the pbs newshour has feen provided by: ♪ ♪ >> kevin. >> kevin! >> kevin?? >> advice for life. life well-planned. learn more at raymondjames.com. >> you can do the things you like to do with a wireless plan designed for you. with talk, text and data. consumer cellular. learn more at consumercellular.tv >> bnsf railway. a

with the ongoing support of these institutions: wa >> this programade possible by the corporation for nsblic broadcasting. and by contributo your pbs station from viewers like you. ank you. >> woodruff: lots of questions, not many new answers. the u.s. hse judiciary committee spent this afternoon wshearing from corey lewan, president trump's former campaign manager. he stuck mostly to what he said in the mueller report on the russia investigation, and he defended mr. trump against impeachment talk. we'll hear some of what he said, pl analysis, after the new summary. in afghanistan, taliban suicide bombers killed at least 48 people and wounded scores today in two separate attacks. the first targeted president ashraf ghani's election rally in parwan province, in the north.

26 people died there. survivors, iluding ghani, fled a scene of charred cars and chaos. hours later, in kabul, afghan guards scrambled after a blast near the u.s. embassy killed 22. one witness described the horror. >> ( translated ): suddenly a blast occurred at the entrance of the arm the u.s. embassy.ar i saw people and human flesh in the air. >> wdruff: the attacks came aam week after president trump canceled peace talks with thend taliban,1 days before the reghan elections. the political fuf israel prime minister benjamin netanyahu could be in doubt tonight. israel held natial elections today, and early projections show a center-right party slightly ahead of netanyahu's likud party. it appears neither can reach aia majority in pant, without forming a coalition with other groups. w

l be taking a closer look after the news summary. the supreme leader of iran today rejected any talks witu.s. when the u.n. general assembly opens this month, or at any other time. in tehran, ayatollah ali khamenei said there will bno talks at any level, regardless of ever-growing u.s. sanctions. >> ( translated ): the u.s. claim that maximum pressure policy works, means that they want to push the islamic republic of iran to the negotiation table. then they can say, "you see? maximum pressure policy forced them to come to the table." this is their goal. te woodruff: president trump had initially sugga meeting with iranian presidentin hassan rouhani might be possle. today, he said he prefers not to meet, but does not rule it out. back in this country, tropical storm imelda came ashore in h texars after forming in the gulf of mexico.p it could d inches of rainld ic the houston area. and, in the atlahurricane

humberto headed away from the u.s. and toward bermudh winds of 100 mes an hour. itould be near the island early thursday. the trumadministration is set to revoke california's authority to set its own gas mileage standards. it is widely reported that the u.s. environmental protection agency will make thel announcement on wednesday. the administration is trying to relax obama-era mileag standards nationwide. members of the united au workers have spent a second day on the picket lines at general motors plants. at the same time, the union reported progress in contract negotiations. the strike affects some 49,000 workers and more than 50 factories and pas warehouses. the price of oil receded today from monday's big surge. that came as saudi arabia said it had restored half of the output that was halted by aat dronck. and on wall street, the dow

jnes industrial average gained 34 points to close at 27,110. the nasdaq rose 32 ps, and the s&p 500 added seven. another republican announced day he will not return to the u.s. house of representatives. four-term congressman paul cook of california announced today that he won't seek re-election next year. 1 so far, at learepublican house members have opted to tire fm congress. med, american endurance sw sarah thomas finished a first today-swimming across the english channel four times without stopping. cell phone ftage captured her coming ashore today at dover, exhausted after swming a total of 130 miles over 54 hours. thomas is 37. she performed the feat just aar yefter treatment for breast cancer. wow.

still to come on the newshour: president trump's former campaign manager appears before congress, as democrats weigh the possibity of impeachment. israelis go to the polls, ile prime minister benjamin netanyahu's political future hangs in the balance. hearing from texas gun owners, amid a swirling debate over how to deal with a spate of mass shootings. remembering the life ofin legendary waon journalist and friend of the newshour, cokie roberts. plus, much more. oo >>uff: the mueller report t is back headlines today, the first witness mentioned in special counsel's investigation appeared before the u.y house judicimmittee to answer questions on obstruction of justice. our lisa desjardins was there, and e begins with this report. >> desjardins: democrati have been w for this opportunity.

anpen hearing with corey lewandowski, a former trump campaign manager who has remained a cfidante of the president's. and, who also saw the hearing as an opportunity to defend the president. >> the investigation was populated by many trump haters, who d their own agenda-- to take down a duly-elected president of the u.s. as for actual collusion or conspiracy, there was none. >> desjardins: lewandowski ran mr. trump's presidentialmp caaign through the early 2016 primaries, getting radiantai prse from his boss after their crushing victory in new hampshire. >> he was the first one that talked about us possiblyinning the whole big ball game, and he's tough and he's smart. >> desjardins: problems with delegate math and other issues pushed lewandowski out that summer. he did not work in the trump white house. but lewandowski defended him on

television and stayed in the president's orbit, which is how he landed in the mueller report. democrats have been keenly interested in a section in volume two, dealing with whether the president obstructed t stice. the report lays w in may of 2017, mueller began his investigation. just one month laterreport states, the president called lendowski to the white hou for a one-on-one meeting, dictating a message for him to take to then-attorney general jeff sessions. it directed ssions to give a speech announcing the president was being mistreed, and mueller would have to limit his umvestigation to future campaigns-- not or his team. for this appearanc the white house told the judiciary committee that lewandowski could speak only to material in the mueller report, and no other interactions with president isump. >> woodruff: andjoins me now.

so lisa, what were the democrats hoping to show about the mueller report. >> desjardins: about the a r report specifically, judy, democrats were focused on one portion of volume two that we just mentioned. they want to get corey lewandowski to talk about that moment that he testified between himself and presidt trump where president trump asked him to direct the attorney genelll to essentmake sure he couldn't be investigated, to make sure that president trump mself couldn't be investigated. but judy, i'm not sure that democrats got the sounds that they wanted out of corey lewandowski. skhe was very dismissive of theu ler report in general. in fact, he said he never read it. for every question he asked, where specifically in the report is that, he soaked up time doing that. he repeatedly seemed either refused to answer questions or took aong time anring them. that raised a lot of frustration for democrats. they didn'bring out any information and very little sound from mr. lewandowski on that, in fact, it wasa circus at the beginning of the hearing. later it calmed down, but here are a few examps of whai'm

talking about. reihan representative david cicilline, also representative pramila jayapal. here cicilline is asl.ing why he didn't follow through on the president's order toalk to the attorney general. >> just to be clear, although you are not worng for the president in any capacity, you wanted to give the president the impression wow would follow his orders, correct? >> no. >> you said, "i'm going to take care of it." >> is that reference in the report >> did you tell the president you were going to deliver the message? >> i can't comment on private conversations. >> okay, sir, it's on paige -- >> i can read you the exact statement again if you'd like me. to the white house has directed i notos disany conversation with the -- ni you're not going to stonewall me and my quest. >> wouldyou like me to answer your question? >> you were dictated those notes by the president, correct? >> i believe that's in the report. >> ad you told the special counsel the president dictated the message to you and you said,

"write this down, this volume 2990, page 9and you gave the notes to the special counsel. >> i can't speak to the way the special counsel conducted his investigation. >> did you give the noteto thet special counsel. >> that's a question for -- >> it's about whether you gave the notes r the special unsel. >> that's a question for special counsel robert mueller. >> those were your notes, mr. lewandowski. they were in your safe. they weredictated to you written down by you. did you give them to the special counsel? >> i comply wiegth all l and lawful requests. >> well, obviously you are oncer again obsting our investigation by refusing to answer questions. >> i answered yours quetion. i said i replied with all requests by the special counsel. >> this is vey typical of the now five hours and running of this hearing, judy. >> woodruff: lisa, your reporting is the mocrats had another goal in all of, this one that maybe they're happier about the result fesm? >>rdins: i think that's right. a more pragmatic goal for democrats was to show that corey lewandowski and more importantly to them president trump and his

warehouse are obstructing justice in this probe itself, by preventing him from answering questions, by saying that two top aides, rick dearborn and rob porter, who were also subpoenaed to testify today, were not able to because the white house blocked them from doing so. all e that, the democrats arguing, shows a pattern of obstruction of justice, obstruction of congress that they think may be impeachable itself later on or at least give them an argument to the court here the house judiciary committee chairman jerry nadler as he wasabout thi in a back and forth with mr. lewandowski. >> when you refuse to answer these queson you are obstructing the work of our committee. you are also moving our point to e americanple to see. the president is intent on structing our legitimate oversight. you are aiding him in that obstruction. i will remind you that article 3 of the impeach. against president nixon w based on obstruction of

congress. you areinstructed to anwer the question. >> desjardins: that article 3 that nadler talking about specifically was about the nixon white house refusing to testian aner to subpoenas befor the house judiciary committee. so that is a very important layer of the case that house democrats are trying to make. >> woodruff: and meantime, lisa, tell us what republicans are saying about all this. >> rig ht. republicans are building a separate case. they say they're trying to show that they think se democrats are trying to replay the 2016 election. they made a case repeatedly tomy that derats are moving out of emotion, out of aem dous bias against this president. they do not see this or they say they don't see it as a fact-finding investigation. and that certainly played with how you could see mr. lewandownti. he walksthe hearing room, judy, and i asked him, his pin ths an american flag wit presidential seal on it. ee was there making a statement of loyalty to president, and he basically told democrats that he felt this investigation wasr

thtempt to overturn the last election. >> woodruff: well, it's remaanable. her remarkable hearing, and you're right, it takes us right back to the mueller report. lisa desjardins, thank you. >> woodruff: it is electn day in israel all over again. prime ministerenjamin netanyahu pushed the unprecedented do-over after lling one parliament seat short of forming a government last april. special correspondent ryan chilcote is there for us, and has the story. >> reporter: election day was deja vu, all over again, less than six months after the last go-round. prolonging the nation's political turmoil, and puttingti its long-serving prime minister in peril. at the center of it all: prime minister benjamin netanyahu and

his right-wing likud party. and his chief rival: benny gantz, his former military chief of staff, who leads the centrist blue and white party. a voters flocked to the polls d while support for the ruling likud party fell, neither of israel's largest parties may have the votes to form a government. that leaves this man, avagdor lieberman, netanyahu's long-time ally-turned-foe, as a ntial kingmaker. he says he wants a national g unity government, forcinkud and the blue and white to govern togeth. in a last-minute get-out-the- vote plea at a jerusalem's bus station, netanyahu warned voters about the perils of choosing his challenger. >> ( translated ): do you want to prevent a left-wing government and a coalition with the arab parties? you do not want it. so, go vote. go vote likud. >> reporter: political peril aside, netanyahu is also in legal jeopardy a hearing next month will decide d ether he is indicted for breach of trust cepting bribes that include champagn

and expensive cigars. that didn't matter to some voters, like rami birenbaum.ah netanys hard line on arabs and pastinians trumps everything. >> moses did a big mistake 2,000 years ago. instead of going to america or to australia, he went over to the mile east. and all around us, we're surrounded by enemies. if you ask me, the arabs not accept us. only to throw us into the ocean. only netanyahu. i don't care about his wife, his children, if he took cigarettes or not. ondon't care. >> reporter: you care about the corruption? >> no, no. >> reporter: but it did for, otheke ruthy ranan, who's voted for netanyahu in the pastr >> i votedantz because it veds to be a change, because netanyahu is doiy bad things for everybody. >> reporter: gantz said this becon could bring chang only if israelis actually vote. >> ( translated ): anyone whos stme, doesn't take responsibility for what is going to happen.

we want new hope. we vote today for change,co withouuption, without extremism. >> reporter: his supporters appear to have heeded the warning. it's a day off in israel, bu even at the beach, there was no escaping the election. at the white house yesterday, u.s. president donald trump said he expected a tight race. >> it's a 50/50 election. a lot ofeople, if you look at the polls and everything, it is going to be very close. >> reporter: israelis arabs, who make up a sixtof the electorate but tend to turn out in smaller numbers than jews, also appear to have shaped the outcome. netanyahu had directed the police to be on the lookout foru inrab neighborhoods, warning his supporters, the arabs are voting this time, and that ty better, too. ayman odeh heads the predominately-arab coalition of parties called the "joint list"l >> ( trated ): we are not against a group of people. a we areinst a racist prime minister. but he is against a whole nation. that is the big difference. reporter: a polling station

we visitedn kfar qassem, an arab town outside tel aviv, appeared to have an outsized police presence. one man told us the police had demanded campaigsigns be taken down.d sabaa taha se saw it as her duty to preserve arab's identity in an increasingly right-wing country. arab representation in parliament marginally grew. or>> the more we vote, thewe change something. so thas why we want to vote, we want to change something. >> reporter: israel's election has left more questions than answers. >> woodruff: and ryan joins us now from netenyahu's election night headarters in tel aviv. so ryan, it sounds complicated. what happens nexist? >> ia bit complicated. israel's president now will sit down with the leaders of the nine political parties that are poised to get into parliament. weay "poised" because all have now are the exit polls, but they are generally accurate. he will ask the leaders of those

political parties who they want to be prime minister. he will go away have, a think, b and cock and offer the opportunity to the leader of one of the political parties try to form a coalition to form a government. i say "try," because that's exhutly what benjamin netan tried to do back in april, and for the first time in the history of israel failed. w, the magic number is 61. that's the number tof seats t you have to have in your coalition if you're going to form t.a governm neither of the main political, two biggest political parties right now have coalition partners that add up to 61 seats. so there is reay several ways to get to 61, but the most -- the two most talked about are for the two political parties, the blue and white party and the likud party to get together and form a national unity government. if they were to do tht, they would have the 61 seats. then the question is who gets to be prime minister. back in 1984, israel was in this

very situation, and the two political parties agreed to rotate the job, in other words, the leader of one political inparty gets to the primeter for a couple years, then the leader of the other political party, the other coaonli partner in that unity government. now, there is another path forwd, whi is that the leader of one of the two maofin parties gets together with the leader of anotherarty called israel our home, and that would give them the 61 seaits, though should point out his name is avigdor lieberman, the leader of that party, that netanyahu tried to do that with him in the last election, he pleed his support, pledged he seats in the parliament to prime minister minute actually pulled out the rug from underneath netanyahu,we and this is hoot to where we are today, because netanyahu couldn't form a governmen so anything really is possible in israeli politics. and it's unlikely to happen very ickly. judy? >> woodruff: complicated is an understatement. ryan, so is it clear where all this leaves benjamin netanyahu?

>> politically speaking he's definite in a weaker position. his party, the likud party got less ats, less votes, and now less seats in the parliament ohan they did back in april, and, of course, weeks from tomorrow there will be a hearing where a judge will decide whether he is to be indicted on three charges of corruption. now, if he ios to be indicted, he'll viously go to trial, and if he was found guilty, he coul very wego to prison. politically that's not very helpful for erm eieven the hearing, because if he is indicted, it is entir ty possibt some people within his very own party will say, you know, prime minister, we think in the interests of our party and in the interests of the country, it's better for you to step down, sort of your rlegal problems and come bac some it doesn't put him in a very good position. ff there is some kind o national unity government where they get to decide -- have to decide w o gets prime minister first, clearly benjamin

netanyahu is going to want to be primtominister and he's goin want to be prime minister first to try and push back any of these legal proceedings using the offense of the prime minister. >> woodruff: tough to keep track of all of this, butryan, we know, meantime, there is a stalled peace process out there, olved.s. has been inv where does this leave that? >> idoesn't change much. the reality is while the w palestinians mt to see netanyahu out of office, it mayl not change much. the political establishment here in israel s prettywh unifien it comes to how to deal with the palestinians. there isn't a lot of difference between the front-runners in this election and parties that are going to have the seats in the knesset in the parliament. the real question is whaten happs when president trump comes up with his peace plan for the middle east. you know, the president has billed it as the deal of the now, that plan is quite likely

going to be tothe liking of the israelis, but the palestinians teve already rejected it. en the question really becomes what do the israelis and the united states and other people that want to see some kind of peace deal do. do they forge ahead without the palestinians and force some kind ef solution on them, or does the whole thing get lved and the israelis just do whatever they want? >> woodruff: well, as you said at the outset, ryan, there are more questions tann there are ers right now. ryan chilcote for us at netanyahu headquarters in tel aviv. u, ryan. >> woodruff: stay with us. coming up on the newshour: the trauma of separati the physical and emotional damage borne by migrant children detained by the u.s. governmentm after the reces shootings in el paso, dayton, and then odessa and midland texas, callse

for gurms have been growing. they are coming from the public, from the business community, and from lawkers. president trump s said that he will unveil what he supports, sometime this week. recently, william branam went to odessa and midland to see what gun owners themselves think ought to be done. >> brangham: that's right, judy. while this debate unfolds here in washington right now, we sought out gun owners-- and only gun owners-- to hear their taken hat might reduce gun violence in america. as you might imagine, many of them argued that more ericans should be armed. but we also asked, should we quire universal backgrou checks for all gun sales? should we enact tougher red flag laws? here's some of what we found. just over two weeks ago, dustin fawcett was waiting in ucs truck outside this sta in odessa, texas with his three- week-old daughter. >> all of a sudden, i hear a stream of gunshots-- you know,"

bop-bop-bop." >> brangham: the shooter, who killed seven and wounded 25 had just shot at several cars in the intersection right behind him. >> then i crawl in the backseat and check to make sure she's okay, still unsure if these are actually bullets being shot. i mean, it was chaos. >> brangham: fawcett and his family have long been hunters. while he's considered carrying a handgun, now, he-- like a lot of other texans we met-- will carry e. >> i mean, i felt helpless. i had a little daughter in the ck seat and i have no... what if he would have run up at me and i didn't have a weapon on me at the time? what would i have do? you know, you staratthinking of and that's when you think, well, the only answer to that, would be a firearm. ( gunfire ) >> after the tragedy, we see a response from the community. there's soow. and we see lot of people that are motivated anew-- they want to do something about it. >> brangham: tony grijalva owns family armory in midland, texas,

and he says he can barely keep up with the demand from people who want to carry a gun. typically, he has about 25 clients in september for his license to carry class. now, he's got over 175. >> what it boils down to is a feeling of powlessness. things are out of contro but action, just generally speaking, is better than inaction. >> brangham: we know g sales often increase after masss, shootind we saw that at this gun show in hillsboro, texas. some people here told us, no laws can stop mass shootings. but others were open to some chges. some even supporting policies b actively opposthe n.r.a. >> no, there's got to be something done. there's got to be a happy medium. >> brangham: dylan hammons is nslling handguns and long today, including ar-15's-- the gun in many recent massed shootings, and one he thinks the media gets way too worked up about.

he says there are plenty of similar guns just as lethal. t, he believes people should be required to prove they know how to safely handle and store a gun before they can buy one. >> why wouldn't that work? it might not stop it, but... we don't rist driver's licenses. people gladly go down and pay their ney to get a driver's license so they can jump in a car and go to wal-mart and buy beer. they have no issue with that. but as soon as you have to have a license to buy one of these? they don't want anything to do with it. >> brangham: karen barlow and b her husband gary own a gun store in wichita falls, texas. they believe guns are valuable for protection. in fact, gary used his gun a feo years agefend their store from two armed robbers. >> i carry a .38 speci revolver. >> brangham: the barlow's are federally licensed gun dealers, background checks on every single buyer. but at gun shows like this,d an millions of private or

online sales across the country, there's a loophole, and that check isn't required. the shooter in odessa reportedly failed one of these checks in 2014, and then bought his ar-15 privately. in your store, because you're a federally licensed gun retailer, you have to get background checks on everyone you sell a gun to. >> exactly. >> brangham: but not every nding behind you right now has to do th r. >> right. >> brangham: do you think that ought to change? >> i do. ?>> brangham: is that rig >> i do. >> brangham: why? >> what i would like to see that loophole closed. >> brangham: s universal background checks? >> universal. however, for private sales, if you're selling-- if i'm selling a personal gun to my neighbor or to my nephew or something that-- you don't have to do a background check. >> honestly, it's-- it's ludious. >> brangham: others are more skeptical. wallace dunn is vice president of the texas handgun association, a lifetime n.r.a.

member, and someone who thinks democrats and the media use fear of mass shootings to ph for gun control. >> we hear in the media all the time when there's a mass shooting. i liken it to airplane crashes. rashes. airplane they're horrible. we don't hear about thmillion people that flew safely today. >> brangham: so you think we have an exaggerated fear aboutss hootings. >> i do.oo if youat it-- it's horrible if it happens to you or your family, but the odds of being a victim of a mass shooting are probably pretty close to winning the lottery. it's, it's, it's-- it happens h and itrible, but as a percentage of the population,rcn it's likely. >> brangham: at the odessatd r gun range, i met three more gun owners. they'd heard pbs was in town and they wanted toalk. they all support carrying guns for self-defense-- but, at times, some are also opeto

changes that are non-starters for the gun lobby. >> i think that the shooting twsweeks ago or a week ago a tragedy. but it's something that's going happen as long as they' idiots allowed to get guns. they need to weed out the idiotn and keep them fr getting the guns, and lee the rest of uso toat we want to do. >> brangham: but how do you weed out the idiots? >> better and mo stringent background checks. awould be willing to wa week, two weeks, to get a ne gun, if, in the same venue, in that week or found out that there was somebody trying to get one that didn't need >>e. think it's more of a mental health issue. >> i'm an n.r.a. member, and i'm not against the background check at all. but i feel like our morals have changed so bad. >> brangham: so you think the problem that we have with violence is because morality has

slipped, not because people are armed more, or have access to guns more. >> all: correct. >> reporter: what about this question of what are called these ed flag laws," where if someone is worried about someone they know, t downward spiral of some kind, and alerts the authoritiesitand the auths check that person out and if they determine there's a problem, possibly take their guns for a period of time? >> i wouldave mixed feelings about at. >> brangham: we heard this from almost every gun owner we talked in texas. people think red flag laws won't help, and they think people will abuse them by falsely reporting perfectly ne gun owners that they just don't like. >> there is enough gun laws on the books right now. if you enforce every single one of them to the fullest extent of the law, they will slow things down a lot. we don't need new laws. we need enforcement of existing laws. >> empathy to people, too.

i mean, talking to people instead of just facebooking, and talking out the left and the toght. you know, reach ouour democratic or republican neighbor and say, "hi, how are you doing?" >> i would like everybod telse nation would like to find the solution to stop all these. rampag that's the only reason i carry a abn anymore. used to never worrt it. >> brangham: contrary to popular lore, texa gun-heavy state.arly about a third of adults here own them, which is pretty close to the national average. od, according to recent polls, a broad majorityf americans-- democrats, repubcans and gun owners-- support some increased action on gun control. whether those majories translate into political action remains to be seen. for the pbs newshour, i'm william brangham in west texas.

>> woodruff: the numbers of immigrant children being detained by u.s. autrities at the u.s.-mexican border have dropped in recent months. but, as amna nawaz reports, medical professionals continue to raise concerns abouthe harmful effects any detention thn have on both the short- and long-term hef these young people. >> nawaz: that's right, judy. medical doctors and child psychologists agree that the stress children endure durg even short periods of detention poses very real risks, physically and emotionally. dr. alan shapiro is a clinical professor in pediatrics at thert alinstein college of medicine, and co-founder of terra firma. that's a group that es access to health care and other services for immigrant children. he's also part of a group of physicians meeting with lawmakers on this subject. dr. shapiro, welcome to the newshour. >> thank you for inviting me.

>> nawaz: let's start with where migrant children would first be taken into ctody, along some of these border patrol detention and processing centers. you're a child welfare expert. from your perspecte, can children safely be held there? >> well, the short answer to that is no. and you know, what's so important for everyone to think about is that children arrive our border who are traumatized from violence that they've experienced in their home community, an arduous journey thousands of miles that they took to get to the u.s. border. they're, they're traumatized and they're stressed. and when you thi about where would you want to put a child like that? you don't want to put a child in a freezing cold cell, or in a warehouse that's filled with cages, and, that doesn't have the right mix of staff to actually take care of them. really, these processing stations are the worst and the last place you'd ever want to

put a child. >> nawaz: and i should say i'vep t time in some of those facilities, and border patrol officers will be the first to tell you, "we are not eqdlpped to hchildren." absolutely cramped, windowless, cell-like areas. but explain to us, because we talk about this a lot-- what exactly is it that's harmful to children? what's happening in a child, in a child's mind, to their emotional, physical well-being,t why' held in these kind of facilities even for short periods of time?od >> right. so, the facility i went to was ursula in mcallen, texas. there were a thoand people in cages in that facility. there were no parents that were there for children. ther oe was to help mitigate that stress. plus the conditions themselves in detention are harmful to children, which unfortately is whethat has contributed to death of some children in the past year.ha they do not medical facilities for children. they do not have proper food. the temperatures are freezing cold, and they'rsleeping oftentimes on the floor. that is not a safe, sanitary place for a child to be kept. >> nawaz: that stress that you mentioned, that what kind of

effect can that have on aei child's well, short-term or long-term. how does that manifest itself? >> right, so stress has both short-term and lonterm effects on children. in the short-term, what we see is children with regressiveor beha we might see a child that had mastered bedwetting and now all of a sudden is wetng themselves. children who become withdrawn. children who stop speaking. all of the things that you see in a child with acute stress, we can see, we do see in the-- in these detention facilities. so what happens is, when a child st under stress there, they're levels of hormonss hormones rise. so cortisol, it's one of those stress hormones that rise, right. that, that rise of stress hormones is there to p them. that's that fight-or-flight experience that you have. then we want those hormones to go dn and for children to relax and then to go back to their basene and allows them to go on, once they feel safe. if a child is constantly feeling

in danger, those stress hormones never down. and that's what leads to long- term chronic medical problems, learning problems, developmental problems and growth.i >> nawazan, all of these detention centers are not exactly equal, and i wanted toab ask yot one type of facility in particular. they're called family resintial centers, because obviously many of these children are actually detained with the parent whom they arrived.ith i actually asked homeland security acting secretary kevin maclennan about some of those centers out the care of children in those centers when he was here. here's whahe had to say. >> these centers were built, purpely built to house families during their immigration proceedings. again, they have educational facilities, recreational, dining, medical, and they're appropriate settings for people to spend a period of time in, while they go through the immigration proceedings. >> nawaz: dr. shapiro, administration officialsay these are appropriate settings, they're campus-like facilities. what's youopinion? are they appropriate forch dren? >> so, i've been to every existing family residential center, and i will say-- i hate 's put it this way, but he's

dead wrong, and rong from a child welfare perspective. these cilities are prison- like. families are treated like prisoners. parents are not allowe freely parent their children in thway that they want to. the facilities are-- at the berks faly residential center, where i've been, children and women have flashlights shown in their face every 15 minutes to make sure they're slping in their beds. disrupts tir sleep, and it scares them. i mean, that we would want our families to live in. you wouldn't want to le there. i wouldn't want to live there. we wouldn't want our families to live there. and most egregiously, they do onot have adequate medica mental health services that families need.e we h remember, detention itself is traumatizing. and that is why, when i was in those facilities, i saw a very regressive behavior in children. i saw teenagers that told mew

that they were suici i saw parents that told me they were depressed and suicidal. >> nawaz: well, let me ask you this, because the administration will say we have an immigration enforcement job to do. some kind of detention, for a matter of days, if not weeks, is necessary, as we process wholi these fa are, do background checks, et cetera. they also say these children already suffered multiple traumas before they've even gotten here. this is a much better environment than the one they came from. what do you say to that? >> first of all, trauma is thatr these ch are facing or is compounded, so it's trauma after trauma. just because you'vmabeen badly trzed in the past, doesn't mean that that trauma doesn't continue. and the more trauma ve, the worse your outcome is going to be. your worse your mental health your worse your physical health. and remember, we're talking about children who are developing, who are learning. every one of those traumas interferes with theigrowth development and lening. >> nawazso if you could ggest one step the administration could take today that would be in the best interests of these children, what would that be? >> my recommendatn would be to

free those children. let them into the community and those famies into the community as soon as possible. and what's very worrisome is that now the administration is recommending that chie ren and thmilies are kept in long-term detention. i've seen firsthand with my own eyes what can happen to children. >> nawaz: dr. alan shapiro, thank you so much for being here. >> thank you so much for inviting me. >> woodruff: finally tonight, we pay tribute to cokie roberts, a pioneering broadcast journalist and political commentator known millions over the years. for decades nbc and abc news. vanocur participated in the kennedy and nixon deate and the war in vietnam. he died last night in california at 91. cokie roberts passed away today in washington.

she was a pioneering journalist and political commentator known to millions over the rs. cokie roberts' career spanned more than 40 years, taking her from the u.s. >> both parties think they can use concern about drugs to play to their own particular strengths. >> woodruff: ...to the floors of nationalolitical conventions. >> we've seen an awful lotf years of the woman. this one could be different, but the economy is so bad and that is something that women carede about a grea. >> woodruff: she was born mary martha corinne morrison claiborne boggs in new orleans, and early on, picked up the nickname "cokie." gs was a political family. her father, hale ba democratic congressman from louisiana, bame the u.s. house majority leader, and her mothera lindy, who succeeded her husband in office after he died in acr planh in alaska. the young cokie boggs graduated from wellesley college in 1964 with a degree in political

science. two years later, she married journalist steven roberts, and the couple went on to have two children.te getting her start in local news and joined npr in 1978, when it wast stl an ups she became the congressional correspondent-- a job she held for ten years. ioe later became npr's senr news analyst and commentator. she also served as a congssional correspondent an frequent contributor to the "macneil/lehrer newshour," our predecessor. that included her award-winning coverage of the iranontra affair in the 1980s. >> the contradictions in the iran-contra testimony contue, with each witness giving more glimpses of life behind the closed doors of the government,h includinlocked doors of the c.i.a. a woodruff: in 1988, roberts joined abc news olitical

commentator for "this week with david brinkley." she would eventually co-anchorc' "this week" alongside sam donaldson, from 1996 to 2002. >> that's all for us this sunday. until next week... >> woodruff: over the years, she chronicled the week's political news as abc's chief congressional analyst, and was a regular fixture on the network's roundtables. in front of the cameras,er work was marked by tenacious reporting and sharp analysis, matched by an equally sharp wit. >> the truth is, the president is a lame duck. the 22nd amendment is a terribl! id ( laughter ) you know, term limits always create lame duckhood. >> woodruff: behind the scenes, she was known as a generous mentor to many you journalists. she also wrote a weekly syndicated news column with her hsband. over the coue career, roberts received countless recognitions, including three

emmys and the walter cronkite award for excellence in jonalism. she was also a best-selling author, mostly exploring the importt roles women have played throughout erican history. roberts sat down with the late gwen ifill for the newshour in 2015. >> one of the reasons i have been writing books about women in history is because other people haven't been. and telling history without talking about one-half of the human race seems to be an inaccurate way of telling the story. >> woodruff: in the end, roberts earneder own place in history as a trablazer in journalism. president obama issued a statement today, praising her as a"role model to young wom a time when the profession was still dominated by men." and, house speaker nancy pelosi said of roberts that she "forever transformed the role of women in the newsroom and in our history books." roberts was diagnosed with

east cancer in 2002, and diedst today in washington, of complications from the disease. she was 75 years old. let's hear more about cokie's life and legacy from two of her long-time collgues and friends who helped shape npr. nina totenberg is legairs corespondent at npr. and nda wertheimer is senior national correspondent. they, aloneywith cokie, are often referred tas the "founding mothers" of national public radio. and welcome to both of you, to nda. nina, and to you, li i knew cokie and admired her so much, but to the rest of us the three of you were inseparable. i'm so sorry foryour loss. >> well, i guess we've had a little longeto get used it than other people, but itself a terrible loss for everybody. my phone, my e-mail, they're all bursti with tears.

some pretty hard-bitten female reporters called me bawling on the phe. 's a terrible loss for those of us who loved her and knew her for a long time and knew what she meant to journalism and to women. >> woodruff: linda, what are you thinking about today? are you thinking back to those early days when it was the three of you? >> yes. it was an interesting time. and cokie and ti workegether to on the hill during peace time and together on the cam pawn when we were catching the bus, riding the plane. i stayed on the plane a she stayed on the ground talking to voters, an she did some of her best wk talking to voters. you know, she carried that out to making those polls comee ive, all that kinds of thing. i think she was very, very good at that. bumainly the thing that i'm remembering today is that getting out on thampaign, talking to people, working together, filing our pieces together, it was really fun.

it wasjust so monfun. people used to tell me, you aund like you're having a really good timd i said, because we are having a really good tim >> woodrufna, what drove her as a journalist do you think? >> you know, one of y colleagues said to me today that he thought it was fitting that she died on contution day. and i think that cokie really saw journalism as a calling to carry out the values of our system of government and our constitution. and she later wrote books about it and about the role of women, uaen when we didn't have the vote, in ay playing a role in the constitution. so i think that what drove pkni boring. women know that gossip is history. and it can be fun to learn about what's happened and to know what's going on behind the scenes. and it tells you something aboui

ory. and i think that dove heri too. >> she also came from a political family. cokie's father was in the house leadership, and after he died, her mother ran for his seat ando beca of the leaders in the democratic party in the e moress. and then after ft the congress, she was an ambassador all places, the vatican. but that immersion in politicsd that cokie , it informed everything that she did, and the thing that i always loved about her was that how much she liked politics. she even liked the set of down and dirty aspects of it, and she enjoyed the rough and tumble politics. she was never prissy about it, never saying that i could never vote for someone. she was... well, she loved it. and i think that would have driven her, toojust t notion that she had all of this knowledge and all of the extremely good instincts about

politics. she should putthem to a good use. >> linda said today on the air that cokie knew all the little old men in the congress, and she knew the waiters in the cafeteria. she knew how to find out everything. ohe likeand politi too. she didn't just like politics, she liked the people wholi practiced cs. >> that's true. >> and she didn't think, you, kne said, you know, there are high crimes and misdemeanors, e kind that inflict great grievous damage on the country, and then there are the little bitty sort of crappy bribery scandals that she thought were not pleasant but not to be all and end all. >> woodruff: linda, wht do you think she loved about public media? she also obviously worked in commercial media, but what was it about npr, abo public media that attracted her do you thinkl >> wi think among other things was that it was a very open and diverse staff.

we have a lot of women at npr, a lot of people of color work. he it was not impossible to were a. cokie and i had two of the best jobs at npr, and nina had the other best job at npr. and i don't know whe would have had to do if we had gone tf wo a television network or gone to work for a massive daily newspaper of the kind we don't more.too many of any we would have had no way to get to the top, because by the time we g within shooting distance of the top, we would have been too old. an they would have not want us to be there. >> woodruff: nina, wht do you think about the public media part of who she was? >> she was really devoted to npr. even after she worked principally for abc and only partly for us, she did fund-raiser after fund-raiser, speech after speh for every station. she did way more than i did for

national public radio, and she played a very important role in securing a new president for npp who wao the task at a time when we desperately needed that about five or six years ago.r she really ed about this network december pratdly. the thought it was an essential part of a democratic system. k> woodruff: linda, the last thing i want to you both is about cokie as your friend.nd what she was like as a friend? where did that energy level come ? >> well, it was kind of terrifying. cokie even when she was sick, i was sitting at the kitchen table with her, you know, having a little chat, and she kept getting up and rearranging the dishes in the cabinets. i mean, anything that needed doing, she got up d did it. but the thing about cokie that think endear to everyone was her generosity. she would do anything for her friends. she would do anything for total

strang she felt that they needed her to. she was just incredibly kind and good. >> and generous. >> and at the same time, she was funny and she didn't mark you feel like you were sitting down next to saint cokie. she was very misievous and funny, and that was wonderful, too. >> i wrote a piece today that said she was th embodiment of our better angel. you know, people who were only casual friends would find her at their hospital bed with a visit. she would, asselin that said, she would do anything for anyone. people who worked for her and who re in terrible financial straits suddenly found they had a whole bunch of new work to do for her. she wanted to leave them with their dignity, but she wanted to help them get out of financial straits, and for me, when my late husband had a prolonged illness after a fall and at the time of his death, i don't know shat i would have done without her. was just always there.

she heard my voice even faltering on the phone some day. she would magically turn up. >> woodruff: well, we think of her in so many ways and her voice on the radio, seeing her on television, but most of all the cokie peinon. nina totaenberg, li wertheimer, thank you both. >> thank you, judy.k >> woodruff: cokie roberts, a singular figure in journalism, someone we will all miss,e someo mentored so many younger women journalists. we will miss her so much. and thats the newshour for tonight.ne and that is thhour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us online, and again here. tomorrow eveni for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you, and we'll see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs bwshour has been providedy: >> bnsf railway. >> consumer llular. >> financial services firm raymd james.

>> the ford foundation.io working with vries on the frontlines of social change worldwide. >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the adncement of international peace and security. at carnegie.org. >> and with thongoing support these institutions and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadsting. and by contributions to your pbs yostation from viewers lik thank you. pt

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