captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llcll >> woodruff: good evening. nim judy woodruff. on the newshour t: a return to the mueller report. former trump campaigger corey lewandowski appears before congress to answer for his actions investigated by the special counsel. then, bibi and the ballot. on the ground in israel, aser prime ministenjamin gtanyahu attempts to clin to power in today's historic do-over election aplus, guns, red flag law the lone star state. toucng down in texas as the national debate over firearms heats up. >> what ife would have came running up at me and i didn't ve a weapon one at the time? what would i have done? you know, you start thinng of

that and that's when you think, well, the only answer to that, would be a firea. >> woodruff: all that and more, on tonight's pbs newshour. or >> major funding f pbs newshour has been provided by: ♪ ♪ >> kevin. >> kevin! >> kevin? >> advice for life. life well-planned. learn more at ymondjames.com. >> you can do the things you like to do with a wireless plan designed for you. with talk, text and data. consumer cellular. learn more at consumercellular.tv >> bnsf railway.h

>> and we ongoing support of these institutions: >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs u.ation from viewers like thank you. >>oodruff: lots of questions, not many new answers. the u.s. house jiciary committee spent this afternoon hearg from corey lewandowski president trump's former campaign manager. he stuck mostly to what he said in the mueller report on theep russia investigation, and he defended mr. trump against impeachment talk. we'll hear some of what he said, plus anasis, after the news summary. in afghanistan, taliban suicide bombers killed at least 48 people and wounded scores today in two separate attacks. the first targeted president

ashraf ghani's election rally in parwan province, in the north. 26 people died there. survivors, including ghanifled a scene of charred cars d chaos. hours later, in kabul, afghan guards scrambled after a blast ar the u.s. embassy killed 22. one witness described the horror. translated ): suddenly a blast occurred at the entrance of the army recrtht center near u.s. embassy. i saw people and human flesh in the air. a >> woodruff: tacks came a week after president trump canceled peace talks we taliban, and 11 days before the afghan elections. the political future o israel's pri minister benjamin netanyahu could be in doubt tonight. israel held national ections today, and early projections show a center-right part o slightly ahenetanyahu'sy. likud pa it appears neither can reach a majority in parliament, without forming a coalition with other

groups.be we wilaking a closer look after the news summary.e the supreme leader of iran today res.cted any talks with the when the u.n. general assembly opens this month, or at any other time. in tehran, ayatollah ali khamenei said there will be no talks at any level, gardless of ever-growing u.s. sanctions. >> ( translated ): the u.s. claim that maximum pressure policy works, means that they want to push the islamic republic of iran to the negotiation table. then they can say, "you see? maximum pressure policy forced them to come to the table." this is their goal. >> woodruff: president trump had initially suggested meeting with iranian president hassan rouhani might be possible. today, he said he prefers not to meet, but does not rule it out. icback in this country, tr storm imelda came ashore in texas, hours after forming in the gulf of mexico. it could dump 15 incheof rain in the houon area.

and, in the atlantic, ane humberto headed away from the u. and toward bermuda, wit winds of 100 mil an hour. it coulde near the island early thursday. the trump admistration is set to revoke california's authority to set its own gas milge standards. it is widely reported that the u.s. environment protection agency will make the formal announcement on wednesday. the administration is y.ying to relax obama-era mileage standards nationwide. membs of the united auto workers have spent a second day on the picket lines at generalto plants. at the same time, the union reported progress in contract negotiations. the strike affects some 49,000 workers and more than 50 factories and parts warehouses. the price of oil receded today from monday's big surge.da that came as saudi arabia said it had restored half of the output that was halted by a

drone attack and on wall street, the dow jnes industrial average gained 34 points to close at 27,110. the nasdaq rose 32 points, and the s&p 500 added seven. another republican announcedy to will not return to the u.s. house of representatives.ur erm congressman paul cook of california announced today that he won't seek re-election next year. so far, at least 18 republican house members have oo retire from congress. and, arican endurance swimmer sarah thomas finished a first today-- swimming across the english chanl four times without stopping. cell phone footage captured her coming ashore today at dover, exhausted after swimming a total of 130 miles over 54 hours. thomas is 37. she performed the feat just a year after treatment for breast cancer.

wow. still to come on the newshour: president trump's former campaign manager appears before congress, as democrats weigh the poss dility of impeachment. israelis go to the polls,e whilime minister benjamin netanyahu's politicafuture hangs in the balance.ex hearing from gun owners, amid a swirling debate over how to deal with a spate of mass shootings. remembering the life of legendary washington journalist and friend of the newshour, cokie roberts. plus, much more. f: >> woodrhe mueller reportea is back in theines today, the first witness mentioned in special counsel's ination appeared before the u.s. house judiciary committee to answer quesons on obstruction of justice. our lisa desjardins was there, and she begins with this report. >> desjardins: democrats hav been waitingr this

opportunit an open aring with corey lewandowski, a former trump campaign manager who h remained a confidante of the president's. and, who also saw the hearing as an opportunity to defend the president. >> the investigation was populated by many trump haters, who had theiown agenda-- to take down a duly-elected president of the u.s. as for aual collusion or conspiracy, there was none. >> desjardins: lewandowski ran mr. trump's presidential campaign through the early 2016 primaries, getting radiantro praisem his boss after their crushing victory in new hampshire. >> he was the first one that talked about us possibly winning the whole big ball game, and he's tough a he's smart. >> desjardins: problems with delegate math and other issues pushed lewandowski out that summer. he did not work in the trump

white house. lewandowski defended him on television and stayed in the president'orbit, which is how he landed in the mueller reportb democrats han keenly interested in a section in volume two, dealing with whether the president obstructed justice. the report lays out how in may of 2017, mueller began h investigation. just one month later, the report states, the president called lewandowski to the white house for a one-onctne meeting, ing a message for him to take to then-attorney general jeff sessions. it directed sessionso give a speech announcing the president was being mistreated, an mueller would have to limit his investigation to future campaigns-- not trump orhis team. for this appearance, the white use told the judiciary committee that lewandowski could speak only to material in the mueller rert, and no other interactions with president trump.

s >> woodruff: and lisa jo now.so isa, what were the democrats hoping to show about the mueller report. >> desjardins: about the mueller repo specifically, judy, democrats were focused on one portion of volume two that we just mentioned. they want to get corey owski to talk about tha moment that he testified between himself and president trump where president trump asked him e direct the attorney general to essentially maure hese couldn't be investigated, to make sure that president trumpf himsuldn't be investigated. but judy, i'm not sure that democrats got the sounds that ey wanted out of corey lewandowski. he was very dismissive of there muellert in general. in fac he said he never read it. for every question he asked, where specifically in the report is that, he soaked up time doing that. repeatedly seemed either refused to answer questions or took a long t mnse answeriem. that raised a lot of frustration for democrats. they didn't bringout any information and very little sound from mr. lewandowski on that, in fact, it was a circus at the beginning of the hearing. later it calmed down, but here

are a few examples of what i'mof talking about.re reihanresentative david cicilline, also representative pramila jayapal. here cicilline is asking why he didn't follow through on the president's order to talk tohe attorney general. >> just to be clear, although you are not working forthe president in any capacity, you wanted to give the president the impression wow would follow his orders, correct? >> no. >> you said, "i'm going to taket care o" >> is that reference in the report? >> did you tell the president you were going to deliver e message? >> i can't comment on private conversations. >> okay, sir, it's on paige -- >> i can read you the exact statement again if you'd like . to the white house has directed i notisclose anonversation with the -- >> you're not going to stonewall and my questioning. >> would you like me to answer your question? >> you werudictated those nos by the president, correct? >> i believe that's in the report. >> and y told the special

counsel the president dictated the message to you and you said, "write this down, this is volu 2990, page 91 and you gave the notes to the special counsel. >> i can't speak toe thway the special counsel conducted his investigation. >> did you give the notes to e special counsel. >> that's a question for -- >> it's about hether you gave the notes for tsee special co >> that's a question for special counsel robert mueller. >> those were your notes, mr. lewandowski. they were in your safe. they were dictated to you and written down by you. did you givthem to the special counsel? >> i comply with all legal and lawful requests. ng well, obviously you are once again obstrucur instigation by refusing to answer questions. >> i answered your question. i said i replied with all requests by the special counsel. >> this is very typical of the now five hours and running of this hearing, jud >> woodruff: lisa, your reporting is the democrats had another goal in all of, this one that miebe they're haabout the result from? >> desjardins: i think that's right. a more praatic goal for democrats was to show that corey lewandowski and more importantly

to them president trump and his warehouse are obstructing justice in this probe itself, by preventing him from answering questions, by saying that o top aides, rick dearborn androb porter, who were also subpoenaed to testify today, were not able to bause the whiteouse blocked themfrom doing so. all of that,the democrats are arguing, shows a pattern of obstruction of juste, obstruction of congress that leey think may be impeach itself later on or at least give them an argument to the courts. here the house judiciary committee chairman jerry nadler is talking about this as he was in a back and forth with mr. lewandowski. >> when you refuse to answer these ques ations, y obstructing the work of our committee. you are also moving our point to the american people to see. the president is intent s on obstructg our legitimate oversight. you are aiding him in that obstrullion. i emind you that article 3 of the impeach. against president nixon was

based on obstructionof congress. you are instructed to answer the question. >> desjardins: that article 3 that nadler is talking about specifically was about the nixon white house refusing to testifyo and answer subpoenas before the hose judiciary committee. so that is a very important layer of the case that house democrats are trying to make. >> woodruff: and meantime, lisa, tell us what republicans are saying about all this. >> right. republicans are building a separate case. they say they're trying to sh that they think house democrats are trying replay the 2016 election. they made a case repeatedly today th aat democrae moving out of emotion, out of a b tremendos against this president. they do not see this or they say they don't see it as a fact-finding investigation. and that certainly played with how you could see mr. lewandowski. he walks into the hearing room, judy, and i hskedim, his pin ons an american flag with the presidential seat. he was there making a statement of loyalty to the president, and he ocsically told dets that

he felt this investigation wast their atte overturn the last election. >> woodruff: well, it's remarkable.re anothearkable hearing, amnd you're right, it takes us right back to the mueller report. lisa desjardins, thank you. >> woodruff: it is election day in israel all over again. prime minister benjamin netanyahu pushed the unprecedented do-over aftete falling one parliament seat short of forming a government last april. special correspondent ryan chilcote is there for us, and has the story. >> reporter: election day was o deja vu, allr again, less than six months after the last go-round. prolonging the nation's political turmoil, and putting its long-serving prime minister in peril. at the center of it all: prime

minister benjamin netanyahu and his right-wing likud party. and his chief rival: benny ntz, his former military chief of staff, who leads the centrist blue and white party. voters flocked to the pollswh and e support for the ruling likud party fell, neither of israel's largest parties may have the votes to form a government. that leaves this man, avagdor lieberman, netanyahu's long-time ally-turned-foe, as a potential kingmaker.an he says he w a national unitdgovernment, forcing liku and the blue and white to govern together. in a last-minute get-out-the- vote plea at jerusalem's bus statio netanyahu warned voters about the perils of choosing his challenger. >> ( translated ): do you wantto revent a left-wing government and a coalition with the arab parties? you do not want it. so, go vote. go vote likud. >> reporter: political peril aside, netanyahu is also in legal jeopardy. a hearing next month will decide whether he is indicted for inbreach of trust and acce

bribes that include champagne and expensive cigars. that didn't matter to some voters, like rami birenbaum.rd netanyahu's ha line on arabs and palestinians trumps everything. >> moses did a big mistake 2,000 years ago. instead of going to america or to australia, he went over to the middle et. and all around us, we're surrounded by enemies. if you ask me, the arabs not accept us. only to throw us into the ocean. only netanyahu. i don't care about his wife, his children, if he took cigarettest or i don't care. on reporter: you don't care about the corrup >> no, no. >> reporter: but it did for others, like ruthy ranan, who's voted for netanyahu in the past: >> i voted for gantz because itb needs a change, because netanyahu is doing very bad things for everybody. >> reporter: gantzthis election could bring change, but only if israelis actually vote. >> ( otranslated ): anyone stays home, doesn't take

responsibility for what is going to happen. we want new hope. we vote today for change,ti without corr, without extremism. >> reporter: his supporters appe to ha heeded the warning. it's a day off in israel, but even at the beach, there was no escaping the election. at the white house yesterday, u.s. president donald trump said he expected a tight race. >> it's a 50/50 election. a lot of people, if you look at the polls and everything, it is gointo be very close. >> reporter: israelis arabs, who make up a sixth of the electorate but tend to turn out in smaller numbers than jews, also appear to have shaped the outcome. netanyahu had directed the police to be on the lookout for fraud b neighborhoods, warning his supporters, the arabs are voting this time, and that they better, too. ayman odeh heads thepr ominately-arab coalition of parties called the "joint list"" >> ( translated ): we are not against a group of people. a we are againstacist prime minister. but he is against a whole nation. that is the big difference.

ce reporter: a polling station visited in kfar qassem, an arab town outside tel aviv, appeared to have an outsized police presence. one man told us the police had demanded campaign signs be taken down. sabaa taha said she saw it ase her duty to preserve arab'sn identi increasingly right-wing country. arab representation in parliament marginally grew. >> t more we vote, the more change something. so that's whwe want to vote, we want to change something. >> reporter: israel's elortion has leftquestions than answers. >> woodruff: and ryan joets us now fromyahu's election night headquarters in tel av . so ryan, it sounds complicated. what ppens next? >> it is a bit complicated. israel's president now will sit down with the leaders f the nine political parties that are poised to get into parliament. i say "poised" because all we have now are the exit polls, but

they are generallyurate. he will ask the leaders of those political parties who they want to be prime minister. he will go away have, a think, and come back ande or the opportunity to the leader of one of the political parties to try to foralition to form a government. i say "try," becse that's exactly what benjamin netanyahu tried to do back in april, andfi for t time in the history of israel failed. now, the magic number is. 61 that's the number of seats that you have to have in your coalition if you' going to form a government. neither of the main political, two biggest politicrties right now have coalition partners that add up to 61 seats. so there is really several ways to get to 61, but the t -- the two most talked about are for the two political parties, the blue and white party and the likud party to get together and form a national uni government. if they were to do that, they would have the 61 seats. then thequ.stion is who gets to be prime minister.

back in 1984, israel was in this very situationd the two political parties agreed to , in other words the leader of one political party gets to the pme minister foo a couple years, then the poleader of the othelitical party, the other coalition partner in that unity government. t nore is another path forward, which is that the leader of one of the twoain parties gets together with the leader of ano ther parcalled israel our home, and that would give them the 61 seats, though i should point out his name s avigdor lieberman, the leader of that party, that netanyahu tried too that with him in the last election, he pledged his support, pledged he seats in the parliament to prime minister minute actually pulled out the g from underneath netanyahu, and this is how we got to where we are today, beause netanyahu couldn't form a government. so anything really is possible in israeli politics. u and itlikely to happen very quickly. judy? >> woodruff: complicated is an understatement. ryan, so is it clear where all

this leaves njamin netanyahu? in>> politically spehe's definitely in a weaker position. his rty, the likud party got less seats, less votes, and now less seats in the parl than they did back in april, and, of course, two weeks rom tomorrow there will be a hearing where a judge will decide whether he is to be indicted on three charges of coption. now, if he was to be indicted, he'll obviously go to trial, and if he was found guilty, he could son. well go to pri politically that's not very helpful for him either, even the hearing, because if se i indicted, it is entirely possible that some people within his very own party wil saly, you know, prime minister, we think in the interests of our party and in the inerests of the country, it's better for you to step down, sort of your gal problems and come back later some it doesn't put him in ao very gposition. if there is some kind of national unity government where they get to dcide -- have to decide who gets to be pre

minister first, clemiarly ben netanyahu is going to want to be prime minister and he's going to want to be prime minister first to try and push back any of these legaproceedings using the offense of the prime minister. > woodruff: tough to keep track of all ofis, but ryan, we know, meantime, there is a stalled peace process out there the u.s. has been involved. ere does this leave that? >> it sn't change much. the reality is while the palestinians may wanto see netanyahu out of office, it maym not really change much. the political establishment here in israel is pretty unified when it comes to how to deal withhe palestinians. there isn't a lot of difference between the ont-runners in th election and the parties that are going to have the seats in the knesset in the parliament. the real question is whate happens president trump comes up with his peace plan for the middle east. u know, the president has billed it as the deal of the century. now, that plan is quite likely

going to be to the liking of the israelis, but the estinians have already rejected it. en the question really becomes what do the israeliand the united states and other peoedple that want to see some kind of peace deal o. do they forge ahead without the palestinians and force some kind of solutio onthem, or does the whole thing get shelved and the israelis just do whatever they want?uf >> woo well, as you said at the outset, ryan, there are more questions than therriare answers ght now. ryan chilcote for us at netanyahu headquarters in tel aviv. thank you, ryan. >> woodruff: stay with us. coming up on the newshour: the the physical and emotionalmo damage borne by migrant children detained by the u.s. government. after the recent mastings in el paso, dayton, and then

odessa and midland texas, calls for gun refove been growing. they are coming from the publicb from tiness community, and from lawmakers. president trump has said that he will unveil what he supports, sometime this week. recently, william brangham wt to odessa and midland to see what gun owners themselves think ought to be done. >>rangham: that's right, judy. while this debate unfolds here in washington right now, we sought out gun owners-- and only gun owners-- to hear their take on what might reduce gun violence in america. as you might imagine, many of them argued that more americans should be armed. but we also asked, should we requiruniversal background checks for all gun sales? should we enact sugher red flag laws? here's some of what we found. just over two weeks ago, dustin fawcett was waiting in his trk outside this starbucks in odessa, texas with his three- we >> all of a sudden, i hear a

ream of gunshots-- you know," bop-bop-bop." >> brangham: the shooter, who killed seven and wounded 25 had just shot at several cars in the intersection right behind him. >> then i crawl in the backseat and check to make sure she's okay, still unsure if these are actually bullets being shot. i mean, it was chaos. >> brangham: fawcett and his family have long been s. while he's considered carrying a handn, now, he-- like a lot other texans we met-- will carry one. >> i mean, i felt helpless. hehad a little daughter back seat and i have no... what if he would have run up at me and i didn't have a weapon on me at the time?wh would i have done? you know, you start thinkingthf that, and 's when you think, well, the only answer to that, would be a firearm. ( gunfire ) >> after the tragedy, we see a response from the community. there's sorrow. and we see a lot of people that nte motivated anew-- they to do something about it. >>rangham: tony grijalva owns

family armory in midland, texas, and he says he can barely keep up with the demand from people who want to carry a gun. typically, he has about 25 clients in september for his license to carry class. now, he's got over 175. >> what it boils down to is a feeling of powerlessness. things are out of control. but action, just generally speaking, is better than inaction. >> brangham: we know gun sales often increase after mass shootings, and we saw that at this gun show in hillsboro, texahe some peoplold us, no laws can stop mass shootings. but others were open to some changes. some even supporting policies r.tively opposed by the n.a. >> no, there's got to be something done. there's got to be a happy medium. >> brangham: dylan hammons is selling handguns and long guns today, including ar-15's-- the gun used in many recent mass shootings, and one he thinks the dia gets way too worked up

about.e he says there plenty of similar guns just as lethal. h bubelieves people should be required to prove they know how to safely hagule and store a before they can buy one. >> why wouldn't that wor it might not stop it, but... we don't resist driver's licenses. people gladly go down and pay their money get a driver's license so they can jump in a car and go to wamart and buy beer. they have no issue with that. but as soon as you have to have a license to buy one of thes they don't want anything to do with it. >> brangham: karen barw and her husband gary own a gun store in wichita falls, texas. they believe guns are valuable for protection. in fact, gary used his gun a few years ago to defend their store from two armed robbers. >> i carry a .38 special revolver. >> brangham: the barlow's are federally licensed gun dealers, so by law they have to run background checks on every single buyer. but at gun shows like this,

and in millions of private or online sales across the country, there's a loopecle, and that isn't required. the shooter in odessreportedly failed one of these in 2014, and then bought his ar-15 ivately. in your store, because you'rcea federally ed gun retailer, you have to get backgroundne checve on everou sell a gun to. >> exactly. >> brangham: but n every seller standing behind you right now has to do that. >> right. >> brangham: do you think that ought to change? >> i do. >> bngham: is that right? >> i do. >> brangham: why?ul >> what i like to see that loophole closed. rsalrangham: so, uni background checks? >> universal. however, for private sales, if you're selling-- if i'm selling a peonal gun to my neighbor to my nephew or something that-- you don't have to do a background check. >> honestly, it's-- it's ludicrous. >> brangm: others are more skeptical. wallace dunn is vice president of the texas handgun

association, a lifetime n.r.a. meer, and someone who thin democrats and the media use fear of mass shootings to push for gun control. >> we hear in the media all the time when there's a mass shooting. i liken it to airplane crashes. we hear airplane crashes. they're horrible. we don't hear about the million people that flew safely today. >> brangham: syou think we have an exaggerated fear about mass shootings.>> do. if you look at it-- it's horrible if it happens to you or your family, but the odds of being a victim of a mass shooting are probably prettyng close to winning the lottery. it, it's, it's-- it happen and it's horrible, but as a percenta of the population, it's not likely. >> brangham: at the odessa outdoor gun range, i met three more gun owners.ey heard pbs was in town and they wanted to talk. they all support carrying gu for self-defense-- but, at

times, some are also open to changes that areon-starters r the gun lobby. >> i think that the shooting two weeks ago or a week ago was tragedy. but it's something that's going to hap tn as long as they're idiots allowed to get guns. they need to weed out the idiots and keep them from getting the guns, and leave the rest of us to do what we want to do. >> brangham: but how do you weed out the idiots? >> better and more stringent background checks. i would be willing to wait a week, two weeks, to get a new gun, if, in the same venue, in that week or two weeks, they found out that there was somebody trying to get one that didn't need one. >> i think it's more of a mental health issue.n. >> i'm aa. member, and i'm not against the background check at all. but feel like our morals have changed so bad. >> brangham: so you think the problem that we have with

violence is because morality has slipped, not because people are armed more, or have access to guns more. >> all: correct. t about this w question of what are called these "red flag laws," where if someone is worried about someone they know, thinks they're on a downward spiral of some kind, and alerts the authorities, and the authorities check that person out and if they determine there's a problem, possibly ke their guns for a period of time? >> i would have mixed feelings about that. >> brangham: we heard this from almost every gun owner we talked to in texas. ople thi help, and they think people will abuse them by falsely reporting perfectly fine g owners that they just don't like. >> there is enough gun laws on e books right now. if you enforce every single one of tm to the fullest extent the law, they will slow things down a lot. we don't need new laws. stwe need enforcement of eg laws. >> empathy to people, too.

i mean, talking to people instead of just facebooking, and talking about the left and the right. ryou know, reach out to y democratic or republican neighbor and say, "hi, how are you doing?" >> i would like everybody else in the nation would like to find the solution to stop all these rampages. that's the only reason i carry a gun anymore. itused to never worry abou >> brangham: contrary to popular lore, texas isn'gua particularly heavy state. about a third of adults here own them, which is pretty close to the national average. and, according trecent polls, a broad majority of americans-- democrats, republicans and gun owners-- support somonincreased acn gun control. whether those majorities translate into political action remains to be seen. for the pbs newshour, i'm william brangham in west texas.

>> woodruff:he numbers of immigrant children being detained by u.s. authoritiest the u.s.-mexican border have dropped in recent months. but, as amna nawaz reports, medical professionals continue to raise concerns about the harmful effects any detention can have on both the short- esand long-term health of young people. >> nawaz: that's right, judy.ca medoctors and child psychologists agree that the stress children endure during even short periods of detention poses very real risks, physically and emotionally. dr. alan shapi is a clinical professor in pediatrics at theei albert eincollege of medicine, and co-founder of terra firma. th's a group that promotes access to health care and other services for immigrant children. he's also part of a group of physicians meeting with wmakers on this subject. dr. shapiro, welcome to the newshour. >> thank you for inviting me.

>> nawaz: let's start with where migrant children would first be taken into custody, ong some of these border trol detention and processing centers. you're a child welfare expert. from your perspective, can children safely be held there? >> well, the short answer to that is no. and you know, what's so important for everyone to think raout is that children arrive at our border who areatized experienced in their homee community, an arduous journey thousands of miles that they took to get to the u.s. border.' so t, they're traumatized and they're stressed. and when you think about where would you want to put a child like that? you don't want to put a child in a freezing cold cell, or in a warehouse that's filled with cages, and, that doesn't have the right mix of staff to actually take care of them. really, these processingat

ns are the worst and the last pla you'd ever want to put a child. >> nawaz: and i should say i've spent time in some of those facilities, and border patrol officers will be the first to tell you, "we are not equipped to handle children." absolutely cramped, windowless, cell-like areas. but explain to us, because we talk about this a lot-- what exactly is it that's harmful tol en? what's happening in a child, in a child's mind, to their emotional, physical well-being,h when they'd in these kind of facilities even for short periods of time? >> right. so, the facility i went to was ursula in mcallen, texas. there were a thousand people in cages in that facility. ere were no pares that were there for children. there was no one to help mitigate that stress. plus the conditions themselves in detention are harmful to chiltien, which unfortunately is why that h contributed to the death of some children in the edst year. they do not have mical facilities for children. they do not have proper food. the temperatures are freezing cold, and they're sleeng oftentimes on the floor. that is not a safe, sanitary place for a child to be kept. >> nawaz: that stress that you

mentioned, that what kind of effect can that have on a child's well-being, short-term or long-term. how does that manist itself? >> right, so stress has both short-term and long-termffects on children. in the short-term, what we see is children with regressive behavior. we might see a child that had mastered bedwetting and now all of a sudden is wetting thselves. children who become withdrawn. children who stop speaking. l of the things that you see , a child with acute stre we can see, we do see in the--en in these don facilities. so what happens is, when a child is under stress there, they're levels of hormones, stre hormones rise. so cortisol, it's one of those stress hormones that rise, rit. that, that rise of stress hormones is there to protect them. that's that fight-or-flight experience that you have. then we want those hormones to go down anfor children to relax and then to go back to their baseline a allows them to go on, once they feel safe. if a child is constantly feeling

in danger, those stress hormones never go down. w and thatt leads to long- term chronic medical problems, learning problems, developmental problems and growth., ro>> nawaz: i mel of these detention centers are not exactly equal, and i wanted toon ask you aboutype of facility in particular. they're called family residentiacenters, because obviously many of these children are actually detained with the parent or lel guardian with om they arrivean i actually asked homeland security actinsecretary kevin maclennan about some of those centers about the care of children in those centers when he was here. here's what he had to say. >> these centers were built, purposely built to house families during theirfa immigration proceedings. again, they have educational facilities, recreational, dining, medical, and they're plpropriate settings for pe to spend a period of time in, while they go through the immigration proceedings.aw >>: dr. shapiro, administration officials say these are appropriate settings, they're campus-like facilities. what's your opinion? are they appropriate foren chil >> so, i've been to every existing family residential center, and i will say-- i hate to put it this way, but he's

dead wrong, and he's wromde a child welfare perspective. these facilies are prison- like. families are treated like prisoners. parents are not allowed to freely parent their children in the way that they want to. the facilities are-- at the berks family ridential center, where i've been, children and women have flashlights shown in their face every 15 minutes to make sure they're slpingn their beds. disrupts their sleep, and it scares them. i mean, that is not a facility that we would want our families to live in. you wouldn't want to live there. i wouldn't want to live there. we wouldn't want our families to live there. and most egregiously, they do not ve adequate medical, or mental health services tha families need.em we have tober, detention itself is traumatizing. and that is why, when i was in those facilities, i saw a very regressive behavior inhildren.

i saw teenagers that told me that they were suicidal. i saw parents that told me they were depressed and suicidal. >> nawaz: well, let me ask you this, because the administration will say we have an immigration enforcement job to do. me kind of detention, for a matter of days, if not weeks, is necessary, as we process whore these familiesdo background checks, et cetera. they also say these children already suffered multipleau s before they've even gotten here. is is a much better environment than the one they ca from. what do you say to that? >> first of all, trauma is that these children are facing or is compounded, so it's trauma aer trauma. just because you've been badly traumatized in the past, doesn't mean that that trauma doesn't continue. ,d the more trauma you ha the worse your outcome is going to be. your worse your mental health your worse your physical health. and remember, we're talking about children who are developing, who are learning. every one of those traumas interferes with their grow development and learning. >> nawaz: so iesyou could suone step the administration could take today that would be in the best interests of these children, what would that be

>> my recommendation would be to free those children. let em into thmmunity and those families into the community as soon as possible. and what's very worrisome is at now the administration is recommending that children lid these fa are kept in long-term detention. i've seen firsthand with my own eyeshat can happen to children. >> nawaz: dr. alan shapiro, thank you so much for being here. >> thank you so much for inviting me. >> woodruff: finally tonight, we pay tribute to cokie roberts, a pioneering broadcast journalist and political commentator knownl toons over the years. for decades roberts worked at ws. and abc vanocur participated in the kennedy and nixon debate and the war in vietnam. he died last night in california at 91. cokie roberts passed away today

in washington. she was a oneering journalist and political commentator known toillions over the years. r spannederts' car more than 40 years, taking her from the u.s. capitol... >> both parties think they can puse concern about drugs y to their own particular strengths. >> woodruff: ...to the floors of national political conventions. >> we've seen an awful lot of years of the wan. this one could be different, but the economy is so bad and that is something that women care about a great deal >> woodruff: s was born mary martha corinne morrison claiborne boggs in new orleans, and early on, picked up the nickname "cokie." it was a political family. her father, hale boggs, a democratic congressman from louisiana, became the u.s. house majority leader, and her mother, lindy, who succeeded her husband in office after he died in plane crash in alaska. the young cokie boggs graduated from wellesley college in 1964

with a degree in political science. two years later, she married journalist steven roberts, and the couple went on to have two children.tt after g her start in local news and then cbs, roberts ined npr in 1978, when it was still an upstart. she became the congressional correspondent-- a job she held for ten years. she later became npr's senior news analyst and commentator. she also served as a congressional correspondent and frequent contributor to the "macneil/lehrer newshour," our predecessor.th included her award-winning coverage of the iran-contr affair in the 1980s. >> the contradictions in the iran-contra testimony continue, with each witness giving more glimpses of life behind the closed doors of the government, including the locked doors of the c.i.a. >> woodruff: in 1988, roberts icjoined abc news as a pol

commentator for "this week with dainkley." she would eventually co-anchors abc's "tek" alongside sam donaldson, from 1996 to 2002. >> that's all for us thisl sunday. until next week... >> woodruff: over the ars, she chronicled the week's political news as abc's chief congressional analyst, and was a regular fixture on the network's roundtables. in front of the cameras, her work was marked by tenacious reporting and sharp analysis, matched by an equally sharp wit. >> the truth is, the president is a lame duck. the 22nd amendment is a terrible idea!er s laug ) you know, term limways crea lame duckhood. >> woodruff: behind the scenes, she was known as a generous mentor to many young jourlists. she also wrote a weekly syndicated news column with her husban over the course of her career, roberts received countless

recognitionsincluding three emmys and the walter cronkite award for excellence in journalism.t- she was also alling author, mostly exploring the important roles women have played throughout american history. roberts sat down with the late gwen ifill for the newshour in 2015. >> one of the reasons i have been writing books about women in history is because other people haven't been. and telling history without talking out one-half of the human race seems to be an inaccurate way of telling the story. >> woodruff: in the end,oberts earned her own place in historya railblazer in journalism. president obama issued a statement today, praisg her as a "role model to young women at a time when the profession was still dominated by men." and, house speaker nancy pelosi said of roberts that she "forever transformed the role of women in theewsroom and in our history books." roberts was diagnosed with

breast cancer in 2002, and dieds today inngton, of complications from the disease.o she was 75 yea. let's hear more about cokie's life and legacy fromf her .ong-time colleagues and friends who helped shape n nina totenberg is legal affairs corespondent at npr. and linda wertheimer is senior national correspondent they, along with cokie, are often referred to as the "founding motherg of national radio. and welcome to both of you, tona you, and to you, linda. i knew cokie and admired her so much, but to the rest of us the three of ye ou werinseparable. i'm so sorry for your loss. >> well, i guwe've had a little longer to get used to it than other people, but itself a terrible loss for everybody. my phone, mymail, they're all bursting with tears.

some pretty hard-bitten female rellrters me bawling on the phone. it's a terrible loss for those of us who loved her and knew her for a long kime andw what she meant to journalism and to women. >> woodruff: linda, whaar you thinking about today? are you thinking back to those early days when it was the three ofyeou? >> it was an interesting time. and cokie and i workedoher to on the hill during pea time and together on the cam pawn when we were cating the bus, riding the plane. i stayed on the plane and she stayed on the ground talking to voters, an se did some of her best work talking to voters. you know, s carried that out to making those polls come a aliv that kinds of thing. i think she was very, very good at that. but mainth the thingat i'm remembering today is that getting out on thamt capaign, talking to people, workingge er, filing our pieces

together, it was really fun. ey fu. just o m people used to tell me, you sound like you're having a really good time, andi said, because we are having a really wod time. >> woodruff: ninat drove her as a journalist do you think? >> you know, one of m colleagues said o me today that he thought it was fitting that she died on constituti day. and i think that cokie really saw journalism as a calling t carry out the values of our system of government and our constitution. and she later wrote bouts abo it and about the role of women, even when we didn't have the lavote, in actually ng a role in the constitution. i think that is wnkhat drove pkni boring. women know that gossiis history. and it can be fun t o learn abot what's happened and to know what's going on behind the

scenes. and ittells you somhing about history. and i think that dove her, to >> she also came from a political family. sekie's father was in the hou leadership, and after he died, her mother ran for his seat and became onee leaders in the democratic party in the congress. t and then after she lethe congress, she was an ambassadorl to, oflaces, the vatican but that immersion in politics that cokie had, it informed everything that she and the thing that i always loved about her was that how much she liked politics. she even liked the set of down and dirty aspects of it, and she enjoyed the rough and tumble politics. she was never prissy about it, never saying that i could never vote for someone. she was... well, she loved it. and i think that would have driven her, too, just the notion that she had all of this seowledge and all of the e

extremely good instincts about politics. she should put theto a good use. >> linda said today on the air that cokie knew all the little old men in the congress, and she ew the waiters in the cafeteria. she knew how to find out everything. she liked politicians, too. she didn't just like polics, she liked the people who practiced politics. >> that's true. >> and she didn't think, yousa know, shd, you know, there are high crimes and misdemeanors, the ki that inflict great grievous damage on the country, and then there are the little bittsort of crappy bribery scandals that she thought were not pleasant but not to be all and end all. >> woodruff: linda, what do you think she loved about public media? she also obviously worked in commercial media, but what wasia it about npr, about blic media that attracted her do you thinkh >> well, nk among other things was that it was a very

open and diverse staff. , ahave a lot of women eat np lot of people of color work here. it was not impossible to were a. cokie and i had two of the best jobst npr, and nina had the other best job at npr. d i don't know what we would have had to do if we had gone ta work fortelevision network or go to work for a massive daily newspaper of the kind we don't have too many of anymore we would have had no way to get to the top, because by the timee got within shooting distance of the top, we would have been too old. y would have not want us to be there. >> woodruff: nina, what doou think about the public media part of who she was? >> she was really devoted to npr. even after she worked principally for abc d only partly for us, she di fund-raiser after fund-raiser, speech after speech for every

station. she did way more than idid for national public radio, and she played a very important role in securing a new president for npr who was up t the task at a time when we desperately needed that about five or six years ago. she really cared about thi network december pratdly. the thought it was an essential part of a democratic system. >> woodruff: linda, the last thing i want to askyou both is about cokie as your friend. what she was like as a friend? where did that energy level come from? >> well, it was kind of terrifying. cokie even when she was sick, i was sitting at the kitchen table with her, you know, haavin little chat, and she kept getting up and rearranging the dishes in the cabinets. i mean, anying that needed doing, she got up and did it. but the thing abocokie that i think endeared her to everyone was hern geosity. she would do anything for her friends. she would do anything for total

strangers if she felt that they needed her to. she was just incredibly kind and good. >> and generous. >> and at the same time, was funny and she didn't mark you feel like you were sitting down next to saint cokie. she was very mischievousand funny, and that was wonderful, too. >> i wrote a piece today that sa she was the embodiment of our better angel. you know, people who were only casual friends would find her at their hopital bed with a visit. she would, asselin that saide , uld do anything for anyone. people who worked for her and who were interrible financial straits suddenly found they had a whole bunch of new work to do foher. she wanted to leave them with their dignity, but she wanted to help them get out of financial n myits, and for me, whe late husband had a prolonged illness after a fall and at the time of his death, i dot know what i would have done without her. she was just always there.sh

heard my voice even faltering on the phone some day. she would magically turn up. >> woodruff: well, we think o her in so many ways and her voice on the radio, seeing her on television, but most of all the cokie in person. nina totenberg, linda wertheimer, thank you both. >> than.k you, judy >> woodr f: cokie roberts,a jongular figure in journalism, someone we will all miss,nt someone who ed so many younger women journalists. we will miss her so much. and that is the newshour for tonight. and that is the newsho tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us online, and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us the pbs newshour, thank you, and we'll see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newsho has been provided by: >> bnsf railway. >> consumer cellular.

>> financial services firm raymond jas. >> the ford foundation. working with visionan the frontlines of social change worldwide. >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagementand the advancemt of international peace and security. at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals. >> this program was ma possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs n from viewers like you. thank you.

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