etptioning sponsored by wn >> thompson: on this edition for essunday, september 22: prident trump hits the riod and internl issues are center stage. and in our signature sment: what peru is doing to reform the gold mining industry. next on "pbs newshour weekend." >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by:po bernard and irene schwartz. sue and edgar wachenheim iii. the cheryl and philip milstein family. the j.p.b. foundation. rosalind p. walter, in memory of george o'neil. barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america, designing customized indivual and group

retirement products. that's why we're yournt retireompany. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, a private corporation funded by the american people. and by contributionss o your ation from viewers like you. thank you.is from the wnet studios at lincoln center in new york, hari sreivasan. >> thompson: good evening and .thank you for joining president trump is on a two- state tour today as he continues toonfront questions about whistleblower's report that he vged ukraine's president to investigate formeat president joe biden and biden's son. mr. trumleft the white houseis early thorning-- heading for houston texas and later ohio. thtexas event, cald "howdy modi," was with india's prime minister narendra modi. billed as a community summit, the sold out rally was designe to highlight the contributions of indian-americans and the u.s.-india relationship. the president focused on

economic ties, space missions, medical research and-- to the cheers of the 50,000 people in immigration.- illegal >> we are going to take care of our indian-american citizens before we take care of illegal grants who want to pour into our country. cheers ) >> thompson: bore leaving for texas the president again answered questions about a classified whistle-blowe complaint that reportedly involves his dealings with uklvine's new president and an allegation that mr. trump called for ukraine's government toat investformer vice president joe biden and his son hunter biden and their past dealings with ukraine. >> that call was a great call, a perfect call. what wasn't perfect was the t horribng that joe biden said and now he made a lie when he said he never spoke to his son. i mean, give me a break, he's already said he spoke son.mp >> tn: yesterday biden told reporters there is no evidence he or his son did

anything wrong while u was conducting corruption investigations. >> i havnever spoken to my son about his overseas business dealings... here's what i know: i know trump desers to be investigated. he is violating every basic norm of a president. >> thompson: the president and many republicans are calling for an investigation of the bidens. in a letter to her colleagues today democratic house speaker nancy pelosi demanded that the acting director of national intelligence turn over the whistleblower's full complaint at a committee hearing this thursday sing in part, "if the administration persists ins blocking this whistleblower from disclosing to congss a serious possible breach of constitutional duties byhe president, they will be entering a grave new chapter of lawlessness which wi take us into a whole new stage of investigation."es the ent and administration officials also tackled the other international issue faci them-- the attack they say iran carried out on saudi oil fields last weekend. on political talk shows today,

secretary of state mike pompeo said iran is destabilizing the region and that while the president wants a diplomat solution-- pompeo accused the iranians of wanting war.s >> ts iran true and true, and the united states will ecrespond in a way that re that act of war by this iranian revolutionary regime. >> thompson: in iran, a military parade marking the start of the ir -iraq war in 1980 featur huge display of the country's weapons d military troops. president hassan rouhani used the occasion to call the u.s. presence in thmiddle east "a calamity" and said he will present a new peace an led by iran. on u.s. television, iran's foreign minister wou not rule out the possibility of war. >> are you confident that you can avoid a war? no, i'm not confident that we w can avoid a war. we-- i'm confident that we will not start one, but i'm confident that whoever starts one will not be the one who finishes it.

>> what does that mean? >> that means thathere won be a limited war. >> thompson: in israel, arabla akers recommended today that centrist benny gantz be given the first chance to form ave ment over conservative incumbent prime minister benjamin netanya. the arab joint list, the third largest faction in the newlyel ted parliament, informed president reuven rivlin of their decision during meetings today. the leader of the group, lawmaker ayman odey said the 13 members decided to recommend gantz to prevent another term for netanyahu. the last time arab lawmakers commended a prime minister was in 1992 when two arab parties backed yitzhak rabin. h greek polie arrested a suspect in the 1985 hijacking of a t.w.a. flight froms that resulted in the death of an american naval service member. the arrest of the 65-year-old onpect was made on thursd the greek isnd of mykonos after authorities received a warrant from germany.

the hijackers beatnd killed 23-year-old u.s. navy diver robert stethem. the other 146 passengers and crew members were releasedfter 17 days. in iowa today there was a significt shake up in the race for the democratic presidential nomination. for the first time, massachusetts senator elizabeth warren leads among liky voters in the february 2020 iowa caucuses. the des moines register poll shows 22% of likely caucus-goers now say warren is their first choi. former vice president joe biden follows with 20% and1% chose vermont senator bernie sanders.e bidein all three of the previous polls which the register conducts with cnn and but there is stillg way to go for the democrats campaigning in iowa with 63% of those polled saying they could still be persuaded to support a different candidate. the new poll was based onon telephinterviews with 602 registered iowa voters who said

they will definitely or probably tend the 2020 democratic for the latest on 20 democratic presidential candidates and their bor the white house visit pbs.org/newshour. >> thompson: talks continue between the unitedworkersn, and general motors on day seven of a national strike against the aumaker. an estimated 46,000 workersim walked out last week after g.m. and union officials failed to come ton agreement on a four year contract on issues including wages, healthcare and job security. the strike impacts more than 50 general motors plas nationwide, and the company stands to lose hundreds of millions of dollars as it continues. while negotiations continue, the u.a.w. is calling today "solidarity sunday" and is asking the public to join the picket lines to show support for the striking workers. phoebe wall howard covers the auto industry and labor for "the detroit free press," and she

the strike.w for the latest on so i understand that democratic presidential candidate elizabeth warren joined the picket line today. how did her visit go? >> well, from what we understand, she actually met with labor leaders prior to meeting with members, and when she derioit, she met primarily with members.ou it wasn't giving a speech. she made slight remarks, perhaps not even ten minutes.re but hu of people, ndreds, came to this location,s and her remacused on what she said holding general motors accountable.by anhat, members say, this bailout during themiceived a downturn from taxpayers, and today is seeing record profits as executive wages continue to grow. the workers say, uh, you know, it might be time to revisit their benefits, and their pay as well. >> thompson: how are they doing? how's morale >> what's interesting is workers say they're not angry. they're sad.

they're very serious about holding out in negotiations. but this is a group of people, approximately 46,000 very, veryl loyal to this company. >> thompson: what are the major sticking points that need to be resolved? >> salary, of course and benefits. healthcare is perhaps the biggest issue for u.a.w. members, in that they will say they're at factory environment. they have injured knees, injured arms, injured necks, injured hips, and they use healthcare benefits, unlike many, many others. in addition, they do not want to pay a bigger co-pay, as many americans do today. primarily, another sticking point would be temporary workers. the detroit three depend quite a they do not qualiftheers. benefits. the vacation, retirement. so you may have two workers side by side, earning very, very different wages. so, the companies say these workers are essential forar

holding costs down ang competitive with the non-detroit three. a thompson: and i mean, i way, this breakdown in talks, it's not over new itsues. i mean been really years in the making, right? >> members s that they've waited more than a decade for this conversation that during the downturn they reduce benefits, and they made dramatic changes as a union to assist general motors. and say that ford did not gopany bankrupt and, in fact, had more hourly workers on the payroll. so the g.m. employees will say, wait a minute, you know, we've taken taken some big hits here, and it is time to circle back and revisit benefits a pay.n: >> thompeanwhile, there's this federal corruption probe of the union that's going on. how is that playing into all of this? >> the federal probe, corruption dictments, convictions has heartbreaking, frankly.mbers and

so, you have people who have gone to prison.pr we're approaching nearly a dozen under the microscope and convicted and plded. at, however, what the members will say is that they count onr thcal leadership. and that's what gives them, confidenat local leaders trll be in charge of ratifying this ct. so any questions raised by the international are then addressed by the local leadership. the impact is serious, and the r members say they really do feel however, they don'an answer. they feel organizing is essential for fair andable treatment long term. >> thompson: all right, phoebe wall howarof "the detroit free press." thank you very much for being here. >> thank you. >> thompson: last night we brought you the story of pu's

military intervention to stop the amazon rainforest destruction that accompanies illegal gold mining in the country. in part two of our special report, newshour weekend special correspondent leo hwartz and new york university's global beat program show what else is being done to reform peru's gold mining industry as the country attempts to restore the damaged forest. >> reporter: in february, the peruvian government declared a state of emergency in st gold-mining region of madre de dios. it sent police and army units to try to end illegal mining and the environmental devastation it brought with it. the first results are promising tellite imagery already shows a 90% decle in new deforestation related to gold extraction. but the mining won't end as long as it remains lucrative for the ners. that's according to environmentalist luis fernandez of the independent center for amazonian scientific innovation, or cincia. >> gold is literally under people's feet. sof you cut down some tree and dig down in the soil, you

can make 1times or a hundred times what you would earn as a farmer in a month in a single day. >> reporter: gold extraction isn't illegal everywhere in madre de dios, b is never allowed inside national reserves or the buffer zones aroundhem. one such area has become a mining hotspot, la pampa. it's the focus of the military intervention. fernandez's group, which is run by wake forest universit is partnering with the government to reform minigo practices in permitted areas, accelerating a process peru started in 2011, but which had little impact. environmental protections and working conditions in previously unlicensed mining sites. in exchange, it has allowed miners access to legal gold export markets, and legitimid their operations. cincia operates in centers of the gold trade, like the town of laberinto. this scrfy river port is littered with stores selling mining equipment and its dock is the gateway to both legal and illegal mining sites up river. a half hour boat ride away,

cincia has been working to convince miners that they can benefit from conducting business o gally. peantes, a 61-year-old lifelong miner, has agreis to reform h practices to bringo them impliance with the government's official mining togram. yfantes allowed film his gold mining operation. it starts where his employees work on a floating dredge. ey pump up dirt from the boom of a pool and filter the gold rich sand out of the rocky, wet slge. later it ends up in the final gold recoverfacility. >> ( translated ): here we are processing the sand that we extracted during our work. it clarifies, anthen it comes t here. we separate the black sandrom the gold and then the gold comes out, and here the sand comesut but with a bit of gold in it still. >> reporter: yfantes is a pioneer in one very important area. he is one of the first miners to mercury to extract gold from the sand, even though it makes his work me difficult. >> ( translated ): we do what the law says.

if the law says do not use mercury, we do not use it so that you contaminate less. look, it takes a little bimore ise, that is true, but better for the employees, better for us, and for the environment. therefore, it is something that >> reporter: even with miners like yfantes on board, there is the daunting challenge of whatwi to d the vast swaths of rainfore v that have already been destroyed. cincia. is also falling to the organization is now in the process of reforesting about a hundred acres in madre de dios. some of its experimental plantations, with rows of tree saplings, e just a's throw away from still-active mines.er mining andry pollution makes it almost impossible to get trees to grow in the depleted sand. so, using a special charcoal additive designed by cincia, workers are planting a variety of species to see which can survive. jhon farfan, a forest engineer, says one yeaago, this area was a wasteland because of illegal mining.sl >> ( tred ): this is a massissa

in one year it will grow about four meters tall. this is incredible how trees can .adapt to this type of so >> reporter: cincia has planted 70 different species, including ecologically important indinous ones. thresults are already promising. >> ( translated ): people who have supported us arfascinated because no one thought that they would see the results in such a short time, they thought it would belower. here i can tell you, for a example, that ut 40 years, you are going to see a forest that alrdy has a good size, a good place to host birds, wildlife. we are doing something for the community. >> reporter: while the militarye continues its patrols andst environmentaplant their trees, regional governor luis hidalgo is campaigning for investment and economic development to further diminish the lure of gold. he was elected in 2018 on af platformopping illegal mining. >> ( translated ): i believe g that ternment has to invest in changing mining activity for agriculture and

tourism. take the example of costa rica. people go there because they have conserved their nature. we can do the same he in madre de dios. that is what i want most foro my region,ve a sustainable economy that is no longer based in mining. >> reporter: luis fernandez is t atious, but optimistic t corner has been turned imadre de dios, but it will take time to know for sure. meanwhile, he says, the global public can play a role. >> consumers, i think, really need to be aware about thi dand ask, whes my gold come from? if the consumers do not demand that their gold mined responsibly and only from areas that adhere to the stric environmental and labor standards,hey are essentially going to subsidize environmental destruction and other things that think they wouldn't be wanting to be associated with.

>> thompson: the militant group boko haram has terrorized communities in nigeria, often targeting and exploting children. the group's abduction of nearly 2014 drew internationalbok in attention-- both to the group,an to the pght of young women and girls. disrupted theducation system and displaced more than twole million pe the short documentary "forced" tells thstories of three rvivors, forced to flee from their homes after boko haram invaded their village, and how they've tried to rebld their live hari sreenivasan spoke with the two director/pducers of "forced," grace oyenubi and nani sahra walker. >> sreenivasan: the fact that the world had heard abirt the chibok so much. but there wereo many other young women who we had not heard about. and when you went back there and when you talk to these people the stories that you end up finding, they'reo compelling

and gripping and yet most of us have never realized that the problem is as widespread. >> yeah, a lot of people didot know the scale of it. it's millions of people that have been impacted. a lot of them abducted, a lot of them raped, and of course all of them displaced. and just all ling in different places just trying to survive, trying to live one day at a time. so the scale of it is massive. so it was so important to tell such and such a story so that the world would know that look, outer all of the crisis there are people livinthere for survival of rape, abduction, and internally displaced and they'ru althere just living their life. >> sreenivasan: nani, one of th interestings is is that this need for safety or just a safe space.t een when they to the camps perhaps the soldiers might have but then in certaine. circumstances the soldiers are

also people that are abusing them. >> right.in and i that these are the far-reaching effects of war and conflict where the gd the bad it's very diffult to distinguish right. these women were violated their protectors and so there's something realamaging i ink psychologically in this case because this is when they've already survived 11 months having escaped boko haram, surviving in the hills with very little to eat, having lost family mbers. and so experiencing that kind of trauma after such an event i think just adds on to more of the horror. right. and just really piles you know degree where you know theseo a

women it's going to take many years for them to recuperate. and we're talking about you knoy on't have much access to therapy. there's very little mentalar healthout there. >> sreenivasan: grace erwant to ask is boko haram today? i mean, one of the military officials that you spome with was at optimistic and saying we've really got them down into one corner they're i a very small region. is that true? >> we know that most of the places have been taken over by thmilitary. you know, they're just droplets in a few place but, you know, the fear really for them is the infrtructure. there's nothing left there. you know what are they going back to. you know the whole place is inu bad shape, you know. so for boko haram i know sometimes they just tried to show us that we're still here. but i know the military has taken over most of the places. >> sreenivasan: what's it li

working as a female filmmakeryi to cover topics that certainly the men in power don't want you to be revealing? >> well, it's challenging, and i think thate, you know, we did confront the military general, and he gave us his response which was that there is some protocol in place. you know, he didn't address the ghses that had been reported. and i think we chim off guard somewhat. on the other hand, you know, the issue is close to us as women. i think, you know, it's, it's really important to address these issues whether it's, you know, in nigeria and in this conflict or if it's right here. >> sreenivasan: alri grace oyenubi and nani sahra walker, filmmakers of the cumentary, "forced." ngthanks so much for joini us. >> tha you for having us.

>> this is pbs newshour weekend, sunday. >> thompson: beginning this ndnesday, "pbs newshour," partnership with the pulitzer center, will begin a special ten-part series called "china: power and prosperity." newshour feign affairs andur defense correspondent nick schifrin and special correspondent katrina yu will report on china's powerful leader xi jinping, the u.s.- china trade d technology wars, chinese art, its electric car revolution, the crackd muslim uyghurs and the protest movement in hong kong. the series features interviews with malaysia's prime minister,i indonesia's er of maritime affairs, current and former seor chinese officials, d human rights advocates across three continents. here is a preview: >> we can't coinue to all

china to rape our country. >> cooperation is the only correct choice for the united states. >> exi jinping wants total control. >> if they want to be a. >> we need democracy. >> but they believen. h a severe threat of terrorism we have taken antiterrorism measures. >> my mother wa arrested, and three months later they released my mother. >> st a government asked for data would you turn it over. >> no. >> in no other count than ina have you had such a great amount of change in such a short amount of time. >> welcome to china. >> thompson: you can see "china: power and prosperity" on newshour and newshour weekend beginning wednesday september 25 through saturday october 5.

>> thompson: tomorrow on the'l newshour, have coverage of the united nations general assembly this week, the u.n. climate action summit tomorrow-- which president trump will not attend-- and the president's address to the u.n. on tueay. that's all for this edition of" pbs newshour weekend." i'm megan thompson. thanks for watching. have a good night. captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: bernard and irenschwartz.

sue and edgar wachenheim iii. the cheryl and philip milste er family. the j.p.b. foundation. rosalind p. walter, ineoemory ofe o'neil. barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america, designinf customized individual and group retirement products. that's whye're your retirement company. additional suppo been provided by: and by the corporationor public broadcasting, a private corporation funded by the american people. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. be more. pbs.

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