captioning sponsored by wnet >>nreenivasan: on this edit for saturday, october 5: the latest on the impeachment inquiry; in our signature segment, hong kong protests and the fate of u.s./china relations; and the tourism effect of "game xt thrones." nen pbs newshour weekend. >> pbs newshour weekend is made poible by: bernard and irene schwartz. sue and gar wachenheim iii. the cheryl ahilip milstein family. the j.p.b. foundation. rosalind p. walter, in memory of george o'neil. barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding is provideof by mutuamerica, designing

ucustomized indivand group retirement products. that's why we're your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, a private corporation funded by the american people. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like yo thank you. u. from the tisch wnet studios at lincoln center in new york, hari sreenivasan. sreenivasan: good evening, and thanks for joining us. the state department missed a congressional deadline yesterday to send cuments related to the achment inquiry. secretary of state mike pompeo, who was meeting withfireek als in athens today, said the state department sent a to congress last night and would "do all the things we are required by law."hi on his way to virginia golfia course this morning, the president tweeted angry remarks about democrats, the press and republican senator mitt romney, who criticized the president on twitter yesterday. in addition to the state, departmentthe democrat-led

house committees have also issued subpoenas to the whitesud house and the president's personal attorney rudy giuliani among others. the inquiries seek documents related to the president's july de call with ukraine's pre and the whistleblower complaint. and in another development, the , th york times" reports that a second intelligence offici who has "more direct information" may file his own whistleblower complaint. in a surprise announcement yesterday evening, president trump issued a proclamation requirinthat immigrants prove they will have adequate alth insurance or the ability to pay for medical costs before being granted visas. this order is the latest move by the trump administration to curb legal migration into the united states. the proclamation states.that" lawful iigrants are about three times more likely than united states citizens to lack health insurance" and also says that "immigrants who enter thisd country shot further saddle our healthcare system, taxpayers, with higher costs." s e new policy is reportedly aimed at immigining

their families in the u.s. and will not affect refugees, asylum it is set take effon november 3, but court challenges at least 14 demonstrators wereda killed in bad today in protests across thuntry.t the renewed vience between police and protesters veme after the rnment lifted a two-day-t ar-clock curfew in baghdad. demonstrators took to the stres tuesday to protest government corruption, a lack of jobs, and basic services. police cracked down harshly. limore than 70 people have been killed with hundreds more wounded. a north korean official said t that nucleks with the united states "broke off" today in sweden after one day because they did not fulfill expectations. the nuclear talks at a conference center on the outskirts of stockholm were the first formal working-level meeting since president trump and north korean leader kim jong un met in june. late today, u.s. statement said north korea's comments did not represent the content or spirit of the more than eight

hours of talks. the statement said the u.s. has accepted an invitation from sweden for more talks in two weeks. no word on whether north korea will return. >> sreenivasan: legislin hong kong filed a legal challenge today to stop a new ban on wearing face masks during ongoing protests there. the colonial-era emergency law went into effect at midnightla night, but it did not stop demonstrators from wearing maskt or e violence. in a pre-recorded speech that aired today, hong kong's chief executive, carrie lam, defendedf the face mask ban as necessary during what she called a time "" unprecedented violence." lam has not ruled out furtherur me to stop the protests. tonight, we take a closer look at what is drivini the proteshong kong, and why the millions of protestors who've filled the streets forn more tur months say the future of their city is at stake. it's the last of our ten-part

series, "china: por and prosperity," produced with thehe support of the pulitzer center. newshour foreign affai correspondent nick schifrin reports from hong kong. ( protesti in chinese ) >> reporter: in the shadow of downtown, hong kong teenagers spend their weekends denouncing their government. e protesting in chines ) these students say they used to be apolitical. but now they feel they have to fight, to save what makes their ty unique. ep >> rter: every protester plays a part, and 16-year-old shum shum's is to give free hugs. shenwears a mask thanow banned by the government, and provides only her nickname to hide her identity from hong kong authorities she accuses of persecuting protestors instead of improving people's lives.

>> reporter: hong kong's generation z wants freedom fro beijing so much, they wrote muc their own national anthem... ♪ ♪ ...with its own music video that's gone viral. "break now the dawn, liberate our hong kong," thg. "united, we sathis is today's volution." >> free hong kong! >> fre rhong kong! orter: this is one of hong kong's main thoroughfares, and protestors have completely taken it over. and they use umbrellas not onlyy for the sun, but also because it's the symbol of the democracy movement here. and they say that the freedoms that this city has enjoyed are being eroded. they started protesting six months ago with a narrow demand: withdrawal of a bill that woul allow for the tradition of criminal suspects to mnland china, where they say the judicial system is notpe inent. >> reporter: chief administrator carrie lam eventually withdrewil

the bill, but protestors expanded their demands to include her resiation, the freeing of arrested protesters, and what my here call freedom: the ability to vote directly for their legislators without beijing's interference. others dcribe freedom more broadly and have deeper grievances. pollsters say thkonumber of hong residents identifying as chinese is at its lowest level, ever. our when you guys think identity, do you identifys yourselvesth chinese and from hong kong? or just hong konon >> just hong >> just hong kong. >> reporter: for centuries, hong kong was part of china. t he 1800s, foreign powers attacked, and the british forced china toease the city as part of what the chinese government calls the century of humiliation. ( musil fanfare )

in 1997, the british handed the city over, and, undedeal known as "one country, twois systems," commchina promised hong kong could keep its british-written laws and independent diciary but had to turn over its defense and foreign policy. beijing's defenders say china has lived er tits promises and protesters' talk of revolution is misguided. >> i think they're over-worried, you kn. in hong kong, the rule of law, the well-entrenched common law system underlines our freedoms and rights, you know. that's why they can have protest every day. >> reporter: regina ip is a member of the cabinet that runs the hong kong government. she says "one country, two systems" is doing just fine. >> after more than 180 years of hong kong as a city, we have a very strong and unique culture. there's nothong with a big country having drent regional cultures. s it's te in the u.s., you know.

californians are very different from the... from those who are from iowa or the texans, you know? >> reporter: but protestors argue china has not lived up to its commitments and is encroaching into every aspect of residents' liveson professor sauen is studying the protests with the help of student llsters. >> i think this is a... a owadual build-up of people's discontent abouthina'sna's ruling hong kong, or how the hong kong government is not representing the local population but more representing beijing. >> reporter: that sentiment has taken hold since pro-democracy detrators occupied hg kong streets five years ago, demanding universal suffrage. >> no reforms have been done. and instead, there has been a lot of disqualification and prosecution. so, people have been angry for y period of time. it's a time bomb, and "one country, two stems" can't stand on this, you know, these time bombs. >> reporter: pro-democracy leader joshua wong has beenar sted five times in the last five years.

( protestichinese ) >> reporter: in 2015, the sold books criticizing beijing china.eared inside mainland and in 2016 and 2017, undersu pr from beijing, hong kong's high court disqualified local government, ing theong's youngest-ever member, 23-year-old nathan law. >> at the end of the day, that infuriated crowds, exploded in... in this summer aame whate have seen. >> reporter: law says he was disqualified not because of a proper ruling but because beijing waafraid of the younger generation's power. >> i promised toy constituency that i will not obey aegime that brutally kills its people. i will keep my promise in my people instead of the regime.he autonomy, democracy and law hasb alwan our core values and... >> reporter: last month, law and

other pro-democracy activists urged the u. congress to pass legislation that would allow the administration tllownction china for any hong kong crackdown. they say they need u.s. help. >> we are at a stage where, you know, that we have tried all the tactics that we can on the grounds in hong kong.t en, that's not enough to... to gain that traction that we need to... to keep this momentum going on. ♪ ♪ >> reporter: denise ho was one stars.g kong's biggest pop since she started protesting,mo beijing d her music from chinese web sites and banned her from performing in mainlandch a. she says the protest leaders are not demanding revolution, just justice. >> we are at... at the stage where, you know, hong kong is in a police state. and we do not have any means whatsoever to... to bring justice to this situation of police violence and brutality. >> reporter: on wednesday, for the first time, police shot a

protestewith live ammunition, a step up from the tear gas and batons used priously. but the violence goes both ways. back on july 1, protesters broko into the legislative couil. they ransacked the building, spray-painted crude messages oni the walls, andly occupied the main chamber, the seat of hong kong power. there are people whin this movement who say that this was a mistake and that you needed to stay peaceful in order to make your point. what's your response to that? f the young people, they said that, you know, like,le peike me have been fighting for 30 years, 40 years, and they don't want to be like us, having to wait 40 years. and i can understand this sentiment. ( protesting in chinese ) >> reporter: lee cheuk yan is a union organizer and former member of the legislativel. coun he says beijing's trying to

silence hong kong demonstrators to prevent change in hong kong, and prevent anyone in mainland china from making the same demands. >> china is trying to destroy hong kong and our identity, our oclture, our rule of law, our aspirational demracy, our freedom. the communist party al trying to bahuman rights and freedoms in china. so, the only way for hong kongto to surviveave democracy, is that we need to fight china also. we need to change china before china changes. >> reporter: pro-democra protesters believe their more aggressive tactics a accelerating change, but beijing has used the tactics to rtray ats toters as violent th stability. on facebook, chinese state media outlet "china ily" equated the protesters to terrorists who attacked the u.s. on 9/11. >> ( translated ): for two months now, the hong kong poli have been doing their duty according to the law.g' hong kradical demonstrators have repeatedly attacked police officers with extremely dangerous tools. they have already committed

seriously violent crimes and have begun to show signs of terrorism. >> reporter: chi agan threatening to use its military. troops massed on the hong kong border, and the army unit already garrisoned in hong kong, released a slick video showingld rs practicing. but beijing knows there's with the u.s. if the militaryhip intervened because that's what president trump has warned. >> we're also carefully honitoring the situation i kong. the world fully expects that the chinesgovernment will honorin its bitreaty. how china chooses to handle thes situation wi a great deal about its role in the world in the future. >> reporter: chinese officials say comments like that encourage protesters to become paratists.an >> ( ated ): the situation in hong kong has deteriorated to the poinwhere some protesters dare to openly challenge the principle of "one country, two systems. i don't think this is independent from theinde irresponsible d inciomng remarks ofwestern

politicians. >> reporter: and beijing's defenders point out one of the protestors' core demands, dire elections, can only happen if beijing allows it. >> hong kong is part of china, and, according to our constitutional order under the basic law right now, for any kind of universal surage to be implemented in hong kong or political reform, we need a consent from the central governt fr. >> reporter: holden chow is the vice chairman of a party considered pro-beijing he says if beijing is going to consider giving in to demonstrators' demands, the protests need to stop and splits in hong kong's society need to heal. >> there's a kind of mistrust between some people in hong kong and also the central government and mainland. so, if we are not able to gain that trust, i don't think we yill be able to implemen kind of universal suffrage. >> reporter: but that means the two sides might be caught in a vicis circle because monstrators vow not to stop until their demands are met.he

>> i thinkey to fix the is really to have emocracykong here, not less democracy. the more you crack down, the more people will be disgruntledi will up a lot of grievances. >> reporter: and those grievances may have alreadyady pro-beijing and pro-democracy protesters have scuffled in shoppi malls. laand as the protests escad, more and more hong kong residents have decided t city may not be a good place to raiso their children, including sham sham's father. >> reporter: hong kongamilies, residents on both sides, and pro-democracy activis and beijing are fighting for the city's future, and the fight is nowhere near over. for the pbs newshour, i'm nicknk schifrin in hong kong. >> sreenivas: to see all of our china series and more, visit

www.pbs.org/newshour. >> sreenivasan: the hbo television series "game of thrones" set a record this year3 wiemmy nominations for its final season. they won in 12 of those the success of the show is having an unintended consequencn he city where it was filmed. tourists are making the medievan hottest travel destinations. newshour weekend's special correspondent, christopher livesay, has the story. >> reporter: dubrovnik, croatia. even if you've nevereen to this gem of the adriat chances are you've seen this cityscape straight out of a fantasy. or, recognize that music ♪ ♪ with its sea, ancient history,wi and these medieval wal dubrovnik was already a magnet for tourism. then, virtually overnight, thingsent into hyperdrive. that's the day the dragons came. is is king's landing from "game of thron."

for seven of the series' eight seasons, drovnik was the backdrop of this most important of settings in one of the most popular d praised tv series of all time. and it's brought this modest balkan city a jolt of notoriety. >> i remember when i first watched it. it was just, "oh, my god!" >> well, first, we heard about thw was shot here.es," you knows and we were excited about that. >> so, like, croatia, this was like, one of the thingi was looking forward to the most, literally, was the "game of thrones" tour. >> reporter: that's right, now there are "game of thrones" tours. they're the mostular toursin a n tourists a year, roughly double what it got before the hbo >> now, you're going to see the place where john snow left king's landing, sent off... set off to the north.nd >> reporter: ahat "game of thrones" tour would be complete without taking the walk of shame, the one that humiliated queen cersei before all of king's landing?

>> shame! >> shame! >> reporter: today, tourists can inenact the scene, and local vendors are cashin with shame food, she drinks. shame cocktails? >> s cocktails, shame mojito, shame burger >> reporter: but, for some here, what's a "shame" is something else entirely. i'm on a "game of thrones" tour in the heart of the old town of dubrovnik. now, the people on this tour, they're having a blast. e haviar as the locals? not soonvinced. >> somehow it got to be overtourism, so... >> reporter: overtourism? >> overtourism, yeah. >> reporr: so, that means there's too many? >> there is too many.ti sos there is way too many because we live in a medieval am city which is surrounded by the walls. so, you can't pack 20,000 people to be in a city which was designed for 7,000 people.ca so, i it, in my way, a blessing and a curse. >> reporter: waiter lujo jurecic is also of two minds. it is a good thing since we all have our living from it.

so, it is a good thing. >> reporter: but the tourist economy means he can't afford live in the neighborhood he grew up in, one that's getting harder to even recognize. >> i think dubrovnik has lost its interest as in a town, as its history, by it's become more like "game of throne's" king's landing. it's atep forward to bring more pple here, but i think dubrovnik is losing its authenticity. >> reporter: bar owner stjepan peric takes a more dew. >> ( translated ): i think eventually move away.ill the city will be like a museum, and peopan will pay a ticket to get in. they won't see a living city. >> this town nds to live and needs to continue fothe future. no one wants to come in dead town. >> reporter: mato frankovic is the mayor of dubrovn he points out that the city as a whole has only 42,000 residentse roughly the umber it had back in the early '90s. that's the bloody period that saw the disintegration of yugoslavia and the shocking bombardmof dubrovnik during

the croatian-serbian war. the scars are still visible today. but eventually, visitors couldn't resist. and when the rebound came, spurred by "game of thrones," there were unintended consequences, particularly innc the walled "old town." it had close to 3,000 residents a decade ago. today, with homes being converted into vacation rentals, there's barely 1,000 full-timers living here. compare that tvinge 10,000 tourists who might single day. >> we have a lot of visitors coming j thrones." of "game of is that good? it's good because they're goings to sething new and something unique... but this igain, we are coming on the beginning, and this is at the management of the tourism. >> reporter: the city isma ging tourism, he says, by limiting the number of cruise ships and tour buses. the city has also cut the number of souvenir stands by 80% and banned loud music after 11:30 at night-measures it took after unesco, the cultural body of the

united natio, warned the city risked losing its special world heritage status in 2017. >> no, no. they tried to ki king joffrey in the riot scene. not this guy, the blond guy. >> reporter: of course, toov guide ivan v says dubrovnik can't afford to biteur the t hand that feeds it, either-- not after smany years of struge, and not now that "game of thrones" aired its final season earlier this year, something he hopes won'turt his business. >> you try to talk about dubrovnik as an amazing destination, and now everybody wants to see it. so, ten years ago, i was begging people, like, "can you visit us?" >> reporr: so, is dubrovnik a victim of its own success? >> somehow like that. it's a victim of its ownof success. that's a problem-- don't gets too popular, if possible. >> reporter: oh, is that your advice? >> ( laughs ) m itadvice. like, you try to be sustainable, but it's very, very hard because you will not tell the ople on't visit us."

>> this is pbs newshour weekend, saturday. >> sreenivasan: in rome, uncollected garbage plagues the and it's not only rome's recycling program is erwhelmed, too. but there's a glimmer of hope in a new pilot project in the city's metro stations. newshour weekend's ivetteth feliciano hastory. >> reporter: it's called "recycle and travel"-- return a plastic bottle, get a five-cent euro credit on a phone app and use it for transit tickets. 30 botes adds up to enough ticket or bus pass.ndard metro and in rome, there are plenty of plastic bottles to recycle. you can e them everywhere, even popping out of the requ ed color-coded collection bins used to separate organic from recyclable materials. >> ( translated ): finally, instead of being thrown around, bottles are put inside int

special recycling machine, because the siation of differentiated waste collection is problematic in rome. >> reporter: rome's mayor rolled out the "recycle for free-rides" program earlier this summer as part of a one-year trial program in three metro stations. even a small dent in theen ongoing trash problem in rome is gnificant. this summer, residents and about tons of garbage piled up and the smell that resulted. >> ( trated ): the situation is quite disastrous.t in recars, rome has failed to create an efficient system for differenecated waste coon, as milan has done. and it has not built the recycling plants that are fundamental for a city where three million people live. >> reporter: rome's mayor has also pledged to eliminate single use plastic containers citywide, but while that debate continues, commuters say ave recycle to program is an experiment worth tryingsl >> ( tred ): i think that if you use money to involve people in recycling, even those o have no civic sense wi recycle. s

enivasan: as the deadline looms for britain to leave the european union, our signature story tomorrow willook at a different aspect of brexit. some businesses are leaving britain early and finding new homes in the netherlands in what's being called " brexodus." that's all for this edition of pbs newshour weekend. i'm hari sreenivasan. thanks for watching. have good night. captioning sponsored bwnet captioned by media accessroup at wgbh access.wgbh.org >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz.

and edgar wachenheim iii the cheryl and philip milstein family. the j.p.b. foundatiob. rolind p. walter, in memor of george o'neil. barbara pe zuckerberg. corporate funding is provided by mutual of arica, designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's w we're your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public badcaing, a private corporation funded by the american people. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. ank you. be more. pbs.

♪ ♪ >> we all like to think of childhood as this time of joy andoc ice. we all like to think of childhood as this me of joy and innocence. but for many of us it's just notrue. >> we just pretend all those things don't ppen. >> you know, kids are young. they're very resilient. and they won't remember anyway. the child mae not remember but dy remembers.