captning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening, i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight, crossing the line-- as turkey sends troops into syria, i sit down wh secretary of state mike pompeo about the latest international flashpoints, including cha and ukraine, genesis of the impeachment inquiry. then, a cotitutional clash-- the white house refuses to cooperate with cgress in the impeachment inquiry, creating a test of the balance of powers. plus, we return to the bahamas to see how lifon the islands is recovering and the future threats of climate change. >> what we're already seeing is a greater incidence of the really strong hurricanes, juston more strstorms. and more rain, more flooding >> woodruff: all td more

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skollfoundation.org. >> the lemelson foundation. committed to improving lives and developing cou.in the u.s. on the web at lemelson.org. >> supported by the john d. and caerine t. macarthur foundation. committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful world. more information at macfound.org >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. w druff: turkey unleashed its military offensive in northeastern syria tby air and on the ground. turkish forces have now crossedn

the syorder, hours after their warplanes carried out air strikes targeting u.ied kurdish forces. a syrian war monitor reported at ieast seven civilians have siobhan kennedy of independent television news narrates our report. >> reporter: within days of president trump announcing u.s. troops would withdraw from north east syria, turkish jets began taking off. their targets: kurdish controlled syrian border tow. president erdogan had given the order to launch the attack. >> ( translated ): i wish success to our hoes and i kiss each of them on their forehead. >> reporter: he tweeted, "our mission is to prevent the across our southern border, and

to bring peace to the area." today though he brought firepower against kurdish since the defeat of daesh, ors. isis, kurdish forces have controlled theeaart of syria of the euphrates, backed bymb a lited of u.s. troops. in august, a three-mile buffer zone was agreed, running along the turkish border, to betr jointly led by turkey and the u.s.pr buident erdogan has always wanted to go further, 20 milesed acside the border, to push the y.p.g. who he considers terrorists allied with a kurdish insurgency in turkey. as shelling began on the border towns of sari kanind explosions rocked raz al eyen, kurdish led forcesarned of humanitarian catastrophe but with no u.s. support, generals called on civians to move to the border to fight

>> ( translated ): send a message to the whole world again. we are ready to face any kind of attack. >> reporter: as kurdish forces engage in battle, the worry is no one will be left to guard the prisons filled with more than ten thousands isis fighters. donald trump has long said isis is defeated. and today said the u.s. did not it a bad idea.'s attack, calling their homes in the worst hit towns, panicked and confused. but turkey, is certain, determined that now is the time to strike >> woodruff: that report from siobhan kennedy of independent television news. meanwhile in washington,sa president trum he has spoken to turkish president erdogan. but he remains committed to taking u.s. troops out of the middle east.

>> we've been talking to turkey for three years, they've beento wa bino this for many years as you know, they've been fighting each other for centuries. we're getting out of endless wars we have to do it. annaeventually someone was g have to make that decision and frankly we are getting a lot of praise forhat decision. >> woodruff: we'll talk to u.s. secretary oftate mike pompeo about turkey's operation in syria, and other things, after the newsummary. democratic presidential candidate joe biden said tod president trump must be impeached for abusing his power. mr. trump faces an impeachment inquiry by house democrats following a whistleblower's ukrainian presidenrobethe biden, and his son. the former vice president told supporters today in new hampshire mr. trump is "shooting holes in the constitution." >> donald trump has violated his oath of office, betrayed this nation and committed impeachable acts. to preserve our constitution, our democracy, our basic

integrity, he should be impeached. >> woodruff: mr. trump responded to biden in a tweet, calling ith "so ic." president trump is facing new accusations of sexual assault today. "esquire" magazine published an excerpt of a new book, entitled aill the president's women," that details 26 of unwaed sexual contact. that includes one woman who wenu record to describe an instance at mar-a-lago in the early 20's when mr. trump groped her and forcibly kissed her. mr. trump has denied the claims. california's largesttility provider shut off power to more than a million people today. it's the biggest plaed outage in the state's history. pacific gas and electric said it hopes to stop its equipment from sparking wildfires during the hot, windy weather.

about 800,000 customers willen ally be affected across 34 counties in northern and central california. officials warned the blackout could last days. >> as long as those high winds are there, the power will beou pg & e will not begin restoring n,wer until those wind conditions are dnd then at that point it can take up to five days for the last customer to be restored. we will be working with them to increase the velocity of that restoration and restore as quickly as possible, but it is in their hands and their infrastructure. >> woodruff: pg & e came underse incrscrutiny last november, after lifornia's deadliest and most destructive fire was determined to be transmission lines.y's destroyed more than 10,000 homes.te the f.b.i. arran official at the defense intelligence agcy today for leaking classified information. the justice department sold the 30-yeawas charged with disclosing top secret data about

a foren country's weapons systems to two journalists, including a reporter he was no further specifie provided. montgomery, alabama, known a the birthplace of the civil rights movement, has elected its first black mayor in the city's 200-year-history. steven reed, a 45-year-old probate judge, made history after winning tuesday's run-off election. he celebrated the victory at a rally last night. >> this election has never bn about me; this election has never been about just my ideas. it's been about all of the hopes and dreams that we have as individuals and collectively in this city. >> woodruff: prior to this election, montgomery was one of only three cities in the deep south with a population of 100,000 or more to have never elected an african-american mayor. in economic news, stocks ahrebounded on wall streetd of a new round of u.s. trade

talks with china. the dow jones industrial average gained 182 points to close at 26,346. the nasdaq rose 80 points, and the s&p 500 added 26. in ecuador, thousands of sotesters, led by indigen groups, held a nationwide strike sttoday, amid a week of unnd anti-government demonstrations. present lenin moreno has refused their calls to step down overuel price hikes, and hasnt moved governme operations out of quito. today's marches in the capal city were largely peaceful. but down some streets, protesters rolled flaming tires at security forces, who fired back with tear gas. and, three scientists were awarded the nobel prize in chemistry today fotheir development of lithium-ion batteries. they laid the foundation for the commercially rechargeable batteries now powering our smartphones, laptops and

electric cars. one of the winners, 97-year-old john goodenough, a professor at the university of texas, is the oldest person to ever win a nobel prize. >> i didn't ever lobby for or laok forward to this parti day but i'm very happy that it's it's very ce to receive a recognition. >> woodruff: goodenough shares -the prize with a british american chemistry professor and a japanese scientist. c still e on the newshour: one on one with secretary of state mike pompeo. a return to the bahamas after the storm. the white house refuses toat coopwith congress, what to know about this constitutional clash, and much more. >> woodruff: last week we

concluded our ten rt series on china. earlier today i state down with the secretary of state mike pompeo to ask him about a number of things we reported on in ou china series. i also asked him about turkey's invasion of syria, and his role in president trump's controversial telephone call with the president of ukraine. secretary pompeo, thank you very much for talking with us. >> judy, it'great to be with you. thanks very much for having me on. >> woodruff: i want to tun to sir. i can't turkish armed forces cro aed theorder in syria with the mission in essence of wiping out the ypg the syrian kurds. right now, it appears we don't know where this envision is going to end updo orhe u.s. take responsibility fhatever the outcome is because the u.s. has given turkey a green light?

>> yeah, well, that's just false. the united states didn't give turkey a green light. >> woodruff: president trump spoke with presiden erdogan and, after the call, the president said that turkey would moving in, u.s. forces were withdrawn from the area. w so thes a change in u.s. policy, one you had suported. you had supported staying close to the y..g., the syrian kurdish allies that helped in the fight against i...i >> remember the mission, judy. the mission was that when we came into office, tre were people being beheaded, people being burned, people in cages. president trump made the decision that we would begin a campaign that would take down the caliphate. we'vcesuced in that. on the phone call sunday night, it became very clear that there were american soldiers that wero goine at risk and the president made a decision to put them in place out of harm's way.

that's what we' done. president trump has been clethar thatis administration will take islamic radicalism riously and i think th success we've had in defeating i.s.i.s., the state department,t numbers of ces in the dozens, i am confident we will totect the people fromt terrorist threat. >> woodruff: have you personally changed your thinking about ewing the y.p.g. as u.s. allies? turks have a legitimate security concern. weee talked about that, i' talked about that repeatedly. they have a terrorist threat to their soenth. we have orking to make sure we did what we could to prevent that terror threat from strikerring the people in for while trying to achieve what is in america's best interest, threat from radical islamic terrorism emanating from syria, we'll continue to do that. >> woodruff: a striking republican opposition to. sthis not just thenate majority leader, republican leader mitch mcconnell who id it was a mistake, in

essence, lindsey graham has called ate stain our aerican honor. this morning he said this will reinsure the reemergence of i.s.i.s. >> i don't believe that will happen. i love senator graham, he's a friend, but remember where we were when this administration came into office andow just judge us by our results. we have achieved aood outcome there. we have taken down the caliphate, there are i..i.s. recommend upnantz that remain, we'll continue to do what we need to do to kep the american people as safe as we can from this threat. but this is not onl yria, it emanates from iraq, there are a dozen other countries where thee from islamic terrorism continues, and we have to make sure we positioour resources appropriately to reduce the threat to the united states. that's the mission set, judy.dr >> wf: but just as a quick clarification, you're saying the u.s. does not take responsibility for whatever the outcome here, casualties,

i.s.s. reemergence and so forth? >> we're going to work to make sure that i.s.i.s. doesn't havea thiphate that extends across a broad swath of syria and iraq which is the place where we found ourselves when this president took offe. >> woodruff: china, the "newshour" just completed a series of reports on chinaand want to ask you about what the administration is doing with regard to china.s just yrday, the state department has been -- and this week -- is stepping up sanctions on chinese offials, chinese firms that ha been involved in repressing muslim minorities in china, the uighurs, the kazaks and others. how complicit is china's top leader xi jinping in all of this? >> xi jinping leads the country justike the leader of a tank platoon. small business or country are responsible for the things tat happen in your name.

we've watched this week with the n.b.a. but tmis prob extends far beyond this. the desirand actions have been taken on the ground to take down the muslim fath or destroy the uighur ethnicity. in the west in china is something that the state dertment has spoken out about we hope china will change itnas direction. we think this is not only an enormous human rights violation but we don't think it's in the best interest of the world or china to engage in this kind of behavior. >> woodruff: will mr. xi himself be held accountable in the end, yo thnk? >> we're doing everything we can to reverse the course of actions that's been there. we've now put 28 new countries, commerce deptment, on tenty list, companies that were enabling the repression. the state dplpartmenced visa restrictions, we're going to continue to talk about these human rights vieai whrons. the president said in another

context in hong kong, we want ts mare the issues are handled in a way that is humane. >> woodruff: hong kod you mentioned what's going on with regard to the n.b.a. the chineow are n retaliating against americans who speak out in favor of the potesters in hong kong, the manager of the houston rockets, professional basketball teams, theyre now polling -- they won't a a couple of the n.b.a. gan.es in china, as a result. how appropriate is ts? what does say about china, what they're doing there? y h, i think american businesses have the right to make the decisions they make as have to make their own businsis des. i think american businesses are waking up to the risks that panynd to their com it may seem it makes roft in the costs to these companies will be higher and higher as beijing'srm longeaches out to them and destroys their capacity for them, the employeesn this

case n.b.a. managers and team players to speak freely about thr political opinions, something we value to deeply in the united states. >> woodruff: there has been talk about whether the hog kong authorities will have the chinese army involved in dealing with the protesters. u does ts. have a man on what >> the president's made clear our objectives there and the wam we want ke sure this proceeds. china made a commitment, wth the united kingdom, then submitted to the united tions, they've made a series of promises. the world watching beijing to see if it will live up to thent committhey made. they made promises to the people about their one country two,d systems. our expectation will continue t. live up to th the president said they need to behave in a way that is humane. >> woodruff: our reporter nick schifrin when in china did

extensive reporting, talked to officials about chinese exporting their surteveillance nology to many other countries so they can surveil obrve their own citizens. is it too late to stop the spread of chinese technology for those kinds of purposes? >> judy, the world's got t make some decisions, and every country will make its own. i have been talking about this for a year and a half now. the chinese exhaust party has access to information that runs across chinese networks, it's in their bass.ic law i don't think it's in the best interest of any country to take the data froirm therivate citizens and place it in the hands of the chinese communist party, and i ultately believe that the world will see that communications network that are built on western values of openness, transparency, rule of law, contracts, property rights, all the things we've come to knownd rely on for our

capacity to communicate around the world, i think the world will see that and they will demand that every network, every system comply with those rules. so, no, i don't think it's remotely too late. >> woodruff: the so-called belton road initiative, china exporting its infrastructure expertise around the world, it' clear now, nick schifrin talked who say the chinese areofficials everywhere with this, and they say the u.sis just not on the playing field. >> yeah, china is free to hav their companies comcompete around the world, we want that. we encourage that. if they show up with a straightup transaction and a chinese company beats another country, so be it, that's fair and reasonable. but what you have seen and what we are pushg back aginst and i will concede that, for 20 years, the world underreacted to this, not only the united states but all of the west, what you're beginning to see is an

acknowledgment of this challenge where these transactions aren't fair. they're showing up with i mon brown paper bags, putting debt on nations they cat possibly relay parkway so they can ultimately exert political influence,i think the world is waking up to these threats and risks and i am ca confident over time this will not prevail and to say america is not prent is just inaccurate. >> woodruff: in the short time hleft, i want to raise ukraine. you were on the phone call between president trump and pr uident zelensky ofkraine. did you think at the time when you heard it tha what the president was asking for at the time was appropriate. >> everybody is askiat the whistleblower talked ut on the phone call. somebody said last night they heard what wadon the call an was frightened. we have what wecould to put transcript together about the call. i know what the administration has done with respect to

ukraine. we've worked diligentlyon this, i'm proud of this. obama left ukraine 80% of the size it was when he came into office, and vladimir putin hasn't done that. i think the most iportant reaction to the call -- because i was on the call, i listened to it, it was consistent with what president trump has been trying to dto take corruption o, i found that to be wholly appropriate to try to get another country to stop being corrupt, but the most important zelensky himself who said, no, i didn't feel pushed or pressured. everyone keeps suggesting there was undue pressure. i assure yount coues around the world every day call me to try to get america to behave in way that's in the best interest of their country, they try to o apply pressu me, and we work on it for good outcomes for the american people and i think what the president is trying to achieve with ukraine will stand on its own, with the state

hidepartment and what s administration has been done. >> woodruff: just so you know, there ha been nothing wrongd with the bs. >> you keep saying that. the u.s. embassy in kiev, the otternational monetary fund and orhenir zaintionats feltte thara prosecutor was corrupt and thought he should be removed. there's evidence that what vice president biden was doing was corrupt in woy. so my question ishere isthe rationale behind this? >> there is no one who hasst ed at ukrainian activity over the last years that doesn't understand the risk ofrr tion from thathavi i gon ways tt are deeply inconsistent with basic fund mental reusal, principles, private property, no one disputes that. for a nation to seek help fro

another country to say, did you mess around in our elections? was there rruption engaged in? that is completely appropria activity >> woodruff: have you decided just finally that there will be coopation with the house impeachment? >> i've made clear i think the white house has made very cleari wel ensure that we do everything we're required to do by the law andheonstitution every time. >> woodruff: secretary mike pompeo, thank you very mh. >> thank you, judy. >> woodruff: it's been five and a half weeks since hurricane dorian devastated the bahamas. the complexities of the storm and the recovery are in some eaways just beginning to r themselves. science coespondent miles brien went to the bahamas for the weather mapping app, "myradar.com." he reports on the resiliency of

e bahamian people and wh research tells us about the links between climate chansi and the incr ferocity of huicanes. it's the latest in our science series "leading edge." l reporter: at the rand memorial hospita freeport, the damage is not instantly obvious, and yet it is utterly complete. the prognosis for the 59 year old facility is uncertain, little more than a month after hurricane dorian arrived. four to six feet of water. health services administrator sharon williams has worked here for nearly 40 yes. she walked me through the one story facility. wards, the intensive care unit, and threcently upgraded operating suite, all ruined by the salt water flood. does it break your heart to see all of these?

>> very much so. it is heartbreaking. it is very much heart-wrenching. this has been our second homer ars. >> reporter: it could have been so much worse.ay on theorian hit, there were more than 200 patientsem here, 28 of edridden. but sharon williams plan. each staffer was assigned a edhandful of patients, cha with getting them out, quickly and safely. nobody panicked. no matter the fear they were feeling, erybody was contained and calm so the process wasorde. >> reporter: were you scared? >> yes, i can tell youhere was a bit of fear. if you don't have some fear to make you second guess someme, then you make stupid mistakes >> reporter: and you didn't lose a patient? ie>> and i didn't lose a p and we did not lose a staff during that time. >> reporter: right now, they are providing care here thanks to

help from u.s. aid and relief organizations like samaritan's rse and the internationa medical corps. nte votaitdongee pluats iectntrt the site of a destroyed clinic 30 miles away in high rock. here the acute phase of open wounds and broken bones has evolved into the chronic concerns of interrupted prescription medications, and mental health. this woman collapsed after discovering some clothing that belongedano her two hildren who were swept away in the storm.n physicott lillibridge is the medical codinator.g >> we're try get ahead of the chronic disease cycle of diabetes and hypertension right now. heand if you focus only on acute phase, you're going to nmiss all these layers theed to happen. what i am ally worried about at this point is thaeep our eye on the long game. >> reporr: scientists say the long game for the bahamas as a

whole is also very uncertain, as the certainty grows linking climate change and a greater frequency of strong hurricanes. kerry emanuel is a professor of >> what we're already seeing is shuheesjustcidence more strong storms. and more rain, more flooding from tropical cyclones, both fresh ter because there's more rain and the salt water from the storm surge because of two things, the storms are stronger and the sea levels are coming up. >> reporter: the bahamas archipelago, about 700 islands and 2400 cays stretching 760 miles from florida to cuba sitsw low in ter, mostly just a few feet above sea level. >> you raise sea level by half a foot, it's a big deal. you can get a lot more flooding for the same sto than at the sea level back where it was 100 >>years ago. eporteoint where we have to think about

awhethe pr thr:e baha amas isaa unsuste place to continue living in? >> unfortunately, and that's western pacific.ng in the eporter: these island nations are caon fodder in the rerelentless invasion spurby climate change. .he first casualties in a war they did not sta >> wheone storm, can obliterate an island state or a number of states in one hurricane season, w will we survive? >> reporter: bahamas prime minister minnis clearly had this the united nations generald assembly on september 27. >> so i urge i add my urgent plea to the cries and voices of many other leaders urging the nations of theorld here assembled to treat the global climate emergency as the greatest challenge facing humanity.

>> reporter: mr. minnis and u.n. secretary general antónio guterres toured the largest shelter for dorian evacuees in a nassau gymnasium two weeks earlier. many of the 700 or so people here are undocumented immigrants from haiti, squatters, living on abaco island in what was a slumm called td, now a flattened field of debris. nevertheless, shella monestime is among those longing to returo arsh harbor. >> because that's why. so automatically we' i go back. hohome. t me is home. i really don't w be in there. but i don't have no choice to be the. there's nowhere else to go. >> reporter: without deeds or papers, for them the path backer to abaco is li with obstacles-- indeed the government is threateng deportation.

they are refugees, first fro oppressive politics and poverty, and now perhaps from the force of nature itself. for the pbs newshour, i'm miles o'brien in the bahamas. >> woodruff: stay with us, coming up on the newshour: betting on nevada-- how democrats are courting a k voting block in 2020. plus, say it ain't so? new details on the black sox it is clearer than ever: the impeachment process has put this country's legislativch and executive branch in direct conflict. yesterday, the white house sent out a strongly worded letter to house democratic leaders refusing to comply with the house's impeachment inquiry.gh william br has more.

>> brangham: in the letter, they emphatically laid out arguments as to why they were rejecting the house's requests. to help us decipher the legal footing for the white house's arguments, i'm joineamil jaffer. a professor of law at george mason university, jaffer served as white house counsel for president george w. ffsh. joins me now from raleigh, north carolina. professor jf jaffer, thank you very much for being here. let's talk a little bit about the arguments put out in tha tt letter. one legal argument that's made is that this is simy not a legitimate impeachment inquiry because the fullouse has not impeachment inquiry.he is that laid out in the >> well, william, there are no requirements in the constitution conduct an impeachment inquiry,o but prior practice suggests that the house should take a full -- a vote of the full he use t

initiate the impeachment inquiry. you can imagine, is is a huge issue. coordinate, co-equal branches of the government, one investing in her. somewhat outside of the normal purview of what the house does.l typithe house does legislation and overnight. requirement for f to havell vote of the house before beginning an impeachment inquiry. >> there's precedent but no requirement for it. det's say the house were to hol the vote and formally call in an impeachment inquiry. is there precedent for the white house to say imnot participating? >> the challenge is typically in this scenario when they vote to pass a resolution to initiate impeachment inquiry, there are procedural rules in place to provide a certain amount of due process to the potential target of the impeachment, in this case

the president of the united states, including the right to catnesses, the right to cross-examine, te right to hav counsel present at hearings and the like and that's normal the process and the process, by the way, procedural rights to the minority, typically so the majority is not accused of partisanship or doing somethingt inappropyacht. so you see the white house saying this is ilegitimate and imappropriate but they're basing that on practice and n legal requirements. >> reporter: the other argument the whi been making is you're not letting us do all the things we think of asaditional due process. but in the normal procedure, wouldn't those happen ithe s tmp toatech orh not h and then, if impeached, the president takes is case, so to speak, to the senate, where the due process practes would occur? >> that's wall exactly right, william. it's a point a lot of pehaople been making out in the media in the last 24 hours a after we saw thteis letthat,

look, the impeachment proceeding in the house isie a prosecutor doing an investigatn and bringing charges before the grand jury and eventually the trial comes where you have a jury in thiss case 100 senatesided over the chief justice and that's where the target preses their case. analogous proce in aose are the criminal proceeding, but an impeachment isn't a crminal proceeding, it's a quasi judicial proceeding, political matter and because political and involves two co-equal branches of the government going to head to head, it's been the practice of the house to give unual protections in the charging process to the target because they recognize that, if, in fact, the house is to vote onar cles of mpeachment, eveif the president isn't convicted, that has huge eff oec the president itself so they give

rights they wouldn't otherwise haveo to the other side ado the target of impeachment, in this case the president. >> reporter: ws say this i inherently political process and sometimes, in washington, d.c., especially, that can be used as somewhat of a slur, but that's really by design in this case. the framers could have said judges only handle impeachment, hinbucai ts s they're going to let the political actors in the senate deal with this. >> that's exactly righthe reason we're likely not to see judges get involved.wa as we h the process go forward. people say what happens if the esident doesn't comply, can the house go to the courts to try to get an enforcement of subpoenas? that may happen. but what if the president i refusing to do ned refuses comply with the curn arent inquiry? one might say well the courts want you to staof it because this is a quintessential political question, that is a question that the constitution textually commits to the

coordinate branches, the political branches of the ndvernment because the constitutional fs and framers didn't intend for the processes to be in the courts, they intended it to be in the hands of the house on the one hand andn the senate fortrial and the ultimate decision on the other. they didn't define what they meant by high crimes and misdemeanors. it's a term of the constitution. it had a meaning at the time they wrote it but it wasn't defined and there's no standard in the constitution by which tho e or the senate must judge the president. >> reporter: jamil jaffer of george mason university, thank you so much for being here.il >> thanks,am. >> woodruff: we turn now to the democratic presidentce. the state of nevada is third in line to vote in the primary that gives it a key role in democrats'e presidential nominee. as john yang reports, a union dominated by women and latinos

could decide the winner. >> yang: susana loli's quiet neighborhood is eight miles and a world away from the crowds and clamor of the las vegas strip, but 23 years of cleaning hotel rooms there has allowed the peru native to build a life she's proud of, thanks in large parter tonion-- culinary workers local 226. >> i can have a better job, better pay, better health insurance. i have a house and a car.iv mys changed. my kids went to the university. and, for me, was the best. 6 >> yan000 nevada hotel and casino workers are represented by the culinary union, by far the state's largest and most politically influential. the majority-latino, majority-

female union reflects the changing face of u.s. organized labor, and nevada's increasingly diverse population, now nearly 30% latino. the union has negotiated generous employer-paid benefits, including top-tierealth insurance. more than 140,000 workers and dependents get free care at the union's clinic and pharmacy. loli has relied that for her family, and for herself when she needed surgery after an on-the- job injury. >> i was moving something and push with my leg and i feel a popping. the next day it was swollen, my knee. and i cannot work like that. it's expensive. thousands of dollars. >> yang: and for you if you don't work you don't get paid, right? >> yes. >> yang: like loli, fellow union member mirtha rojas works at a hotel on the strip and is a naturalid u.s. citizen. >> i'm from cuba. >> yang: she came to america in

2000, with her daughter nancy,wh now has a three-year-old son jobs in las vega what were the differences? between the job-- what you were getting from you employer at the >> hah!on hotel. >> yang: and what you were getting with the union? >> for example the healthsu nce. i need to pay for me, for my daughter. very expensive. every month. so in thntunion, don't pay nothing. >> yang: last year, she was part of the union's political organizing, considered t state's most effective latino voter turnout operation.d of the midterm elections, knockinr on some 200,00and registering 10,000 new voters. >> we got it. we win. >>ang: on election day, democrats won up and down the ballot. >> our union is a lifeblooof our community. >> yang: including jacky rosen,

ato flipped a red senate to blue. rosen joined the culinary union dung a summer in college. >> the acceptance speeches, everything was at casear's palat's where justce a ab y 40summer t waitrhaess. >> yang: rojas says she'll be back at it next year. >> yeah. and i'm ready, because this is important. we need to stay together. >> yang: the nevada democratic presidential caucuses in february will be the first big test of the candidates' peal to latino voters. rsd that's why the suppo of the culinary wors so toveted. jon ralston is eof the nevada independent, a non-profit online news site.>> know it's a cliche but the culinary union is the 800 pound gorilla of nevada politics. and by the way both sides recognizes the republicans are afraid of what the culinary can do and the democrats want the culinary to do what it can do.ho >> yang: formel worker geoconda arguello-kline is the

top official of local 226. >> the health care issue for the member is number one. >> yang: that could be a big problefor democratic presidential candidates pushing medicare-for-all. >> the time is now >> yang: progressives argue that if health care w out of contract negotiations, unions6 g it. e>> i don't think that's solution for them. i don't think the members would listen to me about that. >> no i want to continue with my health insance. the same plan. for us, work perfect. >> i love my health insurance because it's the best. so i love-- i want my health insurance. >> i'm not going to let anyone, republican or democrat, take it away. period. >> yang: moderates like former vice president joe biden oppose it's an issue withized

labor beyond the culinary woer >> other unions here like afscme and maybe even seiu theirer melove their medical plans.in i the prospect of losing that is going to weigh on theiri minds esly if another candidate, the most likely one of course is biden if he-- if he sticks around, to keep pointingc that out yld lose your insurance with warren or sanders. u >> yang: whion leaders and rank-and-file members loke rojas and li are still deciding which candidate to back, they have clear message about wha it will take to win their support. >> they have to know about thets benehat we have. we have good health insurance, good pension, good pay. it's very important. >> we need somebody rking together with the union. immigration is important for me because when somebody's coming here somebody's having dreams. >> yang: the faces of what could

be crucial support next year when nevada helps pick presidential winners and losers. hnfor the pbs newshour, i' yang in las vegas. >> woodruff: tonight marks the 100th anniversary of a notorious moment in baseball's history, the white sox losing to thein cincinnati redhe 1919 world series. stained the sport's reputation, and is still talked about to this day.as ur correspondent stephanie sy discovered, new research hast calledquestion much of what baseball fans long thought >> reporter: it wa19--dal's world war i wasn't far in the re-view. iots were engulfing the nation. an on the south side of chicago, the white sox were" batting a thousand" --favored

to win the series. so when they lost to the cincinnati redthat year, even with shoeless joe jackson slugging it out with 12 hits, baseball fans were shocked. it was this play that first alerted baseball insiders that something funny might be going on. the three-second clip shows the white sox botching a chance to turn a double pl against the reds. eight white sox players were later accused of conspiring with gamblers to throw the world series, including shless joe, whose exact role is still hesputed. nd the others were banned for life from professional baseball. for decades, eliot asinof's bo"" eight men out" was viewed as the finitive account of what happened. as was the movie adaptation, which told the story of a miserly team owner charles commiskey-- known for spending talented players. his own the reseful players were ledby

uthless gamblers to throw the game. but 100 years since the 1919 world series a very differentom story isg out.. >> the 1919 white sox were one baseball.ghest paid teams in >> reporter: jacob pomrenke chairs a committee whose sole puckose is researching the b sox scandal. its findings have been compiled in an online article titled" eight myths out" and examined in a new podcast-- "mous america." >> this idea that thblack sox players conspired to fix the world series because they were underpaid becausthey felt resentful toward their salariesr or their pootment by their owner doesn't really hold up to scrutiny. all baseball players in the early 20th century were paid better than typical american workers. >> reporter: was it ultimately greed that drove those players? >> yes greed is i think the primary motivation for how the black sox scandal happened. i think the black sox players saw a high reward for what they

ary in one week for fixing the world series.i k th e risk of getting caught or getting punished. r orter: the scene in eight men out when pitcher eddie team owner?nied a bonus by the completely made up, says pomreke. and that's not all. it was originally believed thatw the gamblers that approached the players about the fix. >> this isnoer one of the myths about the black sox scandal, is that the players were kind of conned into buthrowing the world serieit was actually their idea. >> reporter: and how do you know that. was that through ts timony that ter revealed. >> yes that is through the grand jury testimony of eddie cicotte and shoess joe jackson and some of the other players. >> reporter: jeff kisselhoff, eliot asinof's lerary executor and friend maintains that

utasinof's conclusions abo the ayers' motivations for cheating still hold up. he shared asinof's research notes and letters from players from the 1960shich backup asinof's thesis about poor pay. in an email, kisselhoff said "it should be pointed out the bulk of what eliot wrote more than 50 years ag.. holds up to a remarkable degree. he should be paid respect for his enduring and pioneering work." for his part, pomrenke doesn't cast aspersions on asinof, who died in 2008. >> i had no idea when i started researching this story that there would be so much new evidence that has come to light. information such as the contract cards at the baseball hall of chicago history museum, and even the film footage that you can now watch on youtube o1919 world series. all of that stuff is new in the 21st century. r orter: another common refrain when people describe this scandal is that it was a singular event.hi >>is one of the most

scandal is to know just howan ragambling was in the baseball culture at this time. we don't actually know i any other world series werd but it's possible that some other world series were fixed before 1919. >> reporter: the lasting impact of the black sox scandal was that the players' harsh punishment served its purpose-- not since 19 has there been a major fixing scandal in baseball.th but e sport has had other scandals-and jacob pomrenk wonders if the times aren't becoming ripe for a repeat of history. sports gambling has again beme big business with a supreme cogt ruling last year allow e tmubin legalize it, opening dollar industry. >> i think baseball has to take great precautions to protect the integrity of the game because as it's very easy for people to get caught up in the gambling and possibly altering the outcome. >> reporter: do you think america wants to hear this

version of events? >> it's certainly a more complex story but most history is, right? most history is a lot less simple than kind of the th "eight men out," john sayles, wrote in an email that he "was aware at the time, as was eliot [asinof], that most of his information came from participants and observers who had their own agendas."ed but he poi"the new revelations are only somebody' else's version, and you have to decide what to believe." for the pbs newshour, i'. stephanie sy brought you a stort some of the top adaptive athletes in the world, who play professional tennis while using wheelchairs. tonight we bring you the sto

of an amateur athlete, minda dentler, who has also found porful strength through sports. >> i take the subway to work, i can see people or notice people know when th ui aimee op nthr"d job," like as if like i've achieved something by like going to work. i was born in bombay india. when i was about six months old i contracted polio, it's a disease that affects your nervous system so my legs became paralyzed. and my birth mother, she realized that she couldn't take care of me, so she decided to leave me at an orphanage.d i was adop an american family at age three and a half, and i moved to spokane washington.i anve a sister the exact same age as me, i was crawling on the ground and my sister was running around, being a typical toddler. d took a long time for me to be able to walk, i undergo a number of surgeries to basically

straigen out my hipsy legs, so i could use leg braces and crutches to walk. all of the kids around me, they were able to run and jump and you know, recess time was the worst for me because i wouldn't be able to do much of anything. when i was in business school, one of my friends was training for a marathon one day she was li, "hey minda i think you should check out this oanization, it's called achilles international andt's a club forthletes with disabilities." it took me probably like three or four months to get the courage to make thphone call. fortunately the person who answered the phone was dick traum, who is actually the under of achilles and he said hey you know what, we have prtices on tuesdays and saturdays, "why don't you just sh up at 6:30 on tuesday a i'll loan you my bike." loaned me his bike and that was the first time that i was able to feel the wind in my hair and like maybe 100 yards but it was coe ing to ride aest hand cycle for the first time. to train for the ironman world championship it was about a nine

month endeavor and thiway day in day out doing the workouts, um my hu in my journey and thed preparations. i made t swim time limit i made the bike time limit and finally when i was on that run,t i was ic, i knew like i had a marath to go but i knewin that i had ihe bag, and by the time i made that, that final right-hand turn on to lee drive i realized how much it really meant to me to finally get it done. >> you are an inspiration minda dentler. you are an ironman. >> i was so excited but i was in a lot of pain too, because i had been exercising for a whole 14 hours and 39 minutes, butcr ossing that finish line was someing else. by completing the ironman world championnd just being successful in, in my life, a degree, i think, gives me than confidence, knowing it doesn't matter who i am, what i look like, you know i'm able to be successful.

my name is minda dentler, this is my brief but spectacular take on living with my disability. >> woodruff: you can find more episodes of our brief butsp tacular series at pbs.org/newshour/brief. and that's the newshour for tonight.uf i'm judy woo join us online and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: ce >> consumeular. to learn more, go to.t coumercellul >> and with the ongoing suppt of these institutions and individuals. hi

>>program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs u.e ion from lwe vyoikrs an captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org lidia: buon giorno. i'm lidia bastianich.

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