ptioning sponsored by newshour productions, c >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight:n the vice president and the secretary of state come face to face with turkey's president erdogan, agreeing to a five-day pause in the syrian incursion. then, the acting white house chief of staff admits that military aid for ukraine was withheld in exchange for a promise to investigate democrats. plus, a brexit breakthrough. the united kingdom reaches a tentative deal with theon european unio prevent a hard crash-out but, questions abound on whether it can get through britain's parliament unscathed. and, "by the numbers."rs as consuenerate massive

amounts of data, artists and industries take note, turningrni creatipiration into a precision instrument. >> what we were living in the path, you could think of as e data bronze age, right? so, this has now become a gusher of data that'much cheaper to gather and much cheaper to analyze. on tonight's pbs nour.and more, >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> bnsf railway. >> consumer cellular. >> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, technology,m anproved economic performance and financial21 literacy in th century. >> carnegie corporation of new york.

supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace andcu ty. at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: and individuals. >> his program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. c and tributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: five days. 120 hours. turkey now says that it wi stop its military drive into syria for that long, to let kurdish fighters withdraw. the kurds say they will comply. this follows a tense day of talks between turkey and the u.s. >> today, thu.s. and turkey have agreed to a cease-fire in

syria.>> woodruff: the announcement came from vice president pence, mike pompeo held man fourtate hours of talks with turkey's president in ankara. recep tayyip erdogan agreed to stop the assault on kurdish y.p.g. fighters in northeastern syria. >> it will be a pause in military operations for 120 hours, while u.s. facilitates the withdrawal of y.p.g. from the affectedreas. in the safe zone. once that is completed, turkey has agreed to a permanent cease fire. >> woodruff: president trump lauded the outcome during a d visit to fort worth, texas. >> i just want to thank and econgratulate, though, pdent erdogan. he's a friend of mine, and i'm glad we didn't have a problem,us befrankly, he's a hell of a leader, and he's a tough man. he's a strong man.

and he did the right thing. >> woodruff: but in ankara, the turkish foign minister disputed that it was indeed a ceasefire, and hailed the deal as a turkish win. >> ts is not a ceasefire. ceasefires can be done only between two legitimate sides. we aretenly pausing the operation to allow the terrorist the operation, to aw fromgets of the safe zone. >> woodruff:esterday, a letter surfaced from president trump to erdogan. it was dated last wednday, october 9, three days after mr. trump ordered u.s. troops out of northeast syria. he warned against a turkish military offensive, and said, in decidedly undiplomatic language, "don't be a tough guy. don't be a fool!" erdogan reportedly threw away the letter, and launched the assault into syria the same day. the turkish leader had vowed not to stop until establishing a 20-mile buer zone into syrian territory to rout kurdish

fighters. he considers them terrorists allied with kurdish insurgents in turke known as the p.k.k. the syrian kurds of the y.p.g., in turn, announced a new alliance with the syrian government and its russian allies. the top syrian kurdish commander said on wednesday that president trump approvedhat alliance in a phone call. >> ( translated ): in this sense, trump said that we are not against it. weold em that we are contacting the syrian regime and the russians in order to protect our country and land.ai he"we are not against that, we support that." >> woodruff: today, president trumdismissed bipartisan criticism of his actions. he said the u.s. pull-out, and sanctions on turkey, created "an amazing outcome."that. >> woodruff: but back in washington, republican senator lindseam, along with democrat chris van hollen, said they will go ahead with legislation for tougher sanctions. >> i think we should keep working on them. well, we've intruced the bill. we haven't passed anything. i'm still going to get co-

sponsors. w druff: meanwhile, fighting continued today in parts ofte northe syria today, with the border town ofl-ayn. rock now, for the turkish view of and the fighting ihern to be, syria, i'm joined by serdar kilic, turkey's ambassador to the united states. mr. ambassador, welcome to the news yur. >> tha very much. >> woodruff: so your government says this is not a ceefire, it's pause in the fighting. our governnt, the uays it is a ceasefire. which is it, and does your government plan the hit? >> well, i think we agree that there's going to be a pau, not a ceasefire. we are just trying to pr jvide for the withdrawal of elements from the region. >> woodruff:hese are the kurdish fighters? >> i wouldn't say kuish. they arepgyp.

there is a distinction. there is an incredible mix in th regard in the united states. they are referring to the wpgwp. all the members are kurds, but they do not represent the kurds. >> woodruff: does turkey consider them more of a threat than isis? >> even president tump has stated a couple of days the pkk is more of a threat than. >> woodruff: this is therr ist group? >> it's been a substantial threat to us. our operation conduct northern syria, and our determination too fight are not mutually exclusive. we are going to fight decisively if there is a need against this. but pygyp is a substantial threat. to have those pkk terrorist, 40,000, you have lost only 3,0 in 9/11 in new york, and we have

the united states during their operations of 9/11. we didot question when the united states conducted operations in afghanistan against afghani people. we knew it was against al qaeda. even high-ofile senators like senator grass and holmes, they have hurt the feeling. deferring to a terrorist organization, this is recognized as such by the united states authority. deterring an aly. >> woodruff: so they did work alongside the united states in the fight against isis. >> that was a mistake in the first place.ac judy, you cannot fight -- you cannot conduct a sucl fight against a terrorist organization by making use of another terrorist organization. >> woodruff: you mntioned senator van hollen, senator graham. in fact, it's the entire foreign policy, foreign affairs committee of the u.s. house of representatives, the unate that are saying they are going full speed ahead with sanctions

against turkey depite this agreement. >> this is the pressures that wt ha overcome. they are referring to the kurds the pypyg and they refer to the kurds as an ally of the united states. theyre not an ally. they are making use of the support of the united states in order to carve outa marxist state in syria. we're trying to preserve our territorial integrity. >> woodruff: several questions about what led to this. there was the phone call between president trump and president erdogan on sunday october 6th at which time they discussed apntly this operation. president erdogan gave the go ahead shortly after this phone call. what was said by president trump to president erdogan that gave him the confidence to move ahead after months and months and years of the united states opposing this? >> we have made our views in

this regard verylear that we are not going let aerrorist corridor to develop in northern syria which wille a threat to the security of the turkish territories. we will not let that happen. the telveephone conation, greenent trump gave a light, which countryds a green light? >> woodruff: but there was change. in the past the u.s. has sad, do not do this. the u.shas troops in northern syria, do not move against them. >> well, in this regard ink thi president trump understood that in any case we are going to take this action to deend our populations and forces and wece e authorized fully by the united nations charter article 51. so he understood thatoing to come, and he didn't want to lead to an undesired clash between our forces over there,

so he decided to withaw his forces. >> woodruff: if he understood enere would be a military operation, why id a couple days later president trump stay later, please stop, turkey, don't go any further? >> i believe hes wa under big domestic pressure from the congress and from rtain media outlets and that's why he changed his messages in that regard. but during this entire time, he also mentioned that turkey has the right to defend its citizens and to be able to go after the threat. he was very advocate until that gard. >> woodruff: do you also believe it was pressure that led president ump to send that letter to president erdogan on october 9th in which he said history will look upon you forever as the devil. if good things don't happen. don't be a tough guy, don't be a fool. >> judy, frankly speaking, i hope history will not record that. this should not have happened in the first placebecause it lax

lax -- lacks the nicety andst' void of any established practices in that regard. i reject th, and i hope ohistory will not record it in any case. >> woodruff: what was president erdogan's reaction to it? >> well, our reaction was he dsn't serious. >> woodruff: whyou mean? we. >> we started conducting operations. >> woodruff: advisers to president erdogan told te press thatesident erdogan threw it in the trash? is that correct? he accepted the letter as null and void. >> woodruff: null and void? >> i want to ask you abg t somethse, mr. ambassador. you have said repeatedly that turkey is fighting terrorists in going into northern syria. but i want to read, thiisfrom an autopsy report that came with a video, and this is of a senior syrian kurdish politician, a woman, who was kiled in the last week during the incursion, and i'm reading, she was beatenn he head, beaten on the leg, dragged by her hair, shot in the head at clgeose rand then

shot four more times after she fell to the ground. is this the method of themi turkistary? >> of course not. of course not. of course not. if there is anongdoing, you can rest assured that's going to be investigated. that reporting is flaavwed. wenever committed a crime or atrocities. >> woodruff: what were your troops told to do in syria? >> tavoid syrian casualties, to avoid attacking religious sites, anthcivilian population. >> woodruff: one of the factors as a result of this i that russia has proved into northern syria now.se very co the syrian government, the syrian regime. is russia now the rnal winer in all this, because it has more inuence in syria? >> well, at the end of the day, i have this from a difre perspective. at the end of the day, i hope

the syrian people will b there. there are 3.6 million refugees in turkey, syrian refugees in turkey, and refugees in leanon and jordan. at the end of the day, i hope that it will be the syrianll people. whatever happens in sy, it's not going to be confined within the borders of. syr >> woodruff: is there a role for the united states in syria at all at this point? of course. of course. they are going to cooperate with us i hope for the imlementation of the safe zone in northern syria. we need the assistance of the international international community. we have 3.6 million refugees in turkey and $40 million u.s. dollars. nobody is paying attention and turning a blind eye that we are taking care of an additional 3.5 million displaced syrians. this is a burden that we cannot shoulder alone inchhis regard of course we need the support of tes.united s too. >> woodruff: ambassador serdar

kilic, ambassador of turkey to the united states, thank you very much. >> thank you for hav and for providing me the opportunity. thank you very much. thank you, judy. >> woodruff: and now, to the other major story of the day, the ongoing impeachment inquiry into president trump. as lisa desjardins reports, the news came in fasrom both ends of pennsylvania avenue. >> desjardins: froe,the white hohief of staff mick mulvaney, on one hand, refuted the idea that president trump u ever held aine aid money to force an investigation into former vice president biden. >> the money held up had itabsolutely nothing to do biden. >> desjardins: but he then said this, about whether the president tied that aid money t a differvestigation about democrats and his 2016 election. >> did he also mention to me in to the d.n.c. server? absolutely. no question about that. but that's it, and that's why w

held uthe money. >> desjardins: democrats like house intelligensc chairman adam ff heard an admission of abuse of power. mu things have just gone from very, very bad t, much worse. the idea that vital milioury assistance be withheld for such a patently political reason, for the reason of serving the president's phenomenal breach of the a president's duty to defend our national security. >> desjardins: this, as another y trump official arrived the capitol. america's ambassador to the europe union, gordon sondland, today was also an impeachment witness. >> why was it important for you day?how up here >> it's always important to show up when congress calls. >> are you here to sal your reputation, sir? >> i don't have a reputation to salvage.pu >> desjardins: sondland is a hotel chain founder who donated $1 million to president trump's inauguration committee, and later was appointed to his ambassadorship by trump.

he testified behind closed doors. multiple news outlettained his opening statement. in it, he said president trump "directed the team working on ukraine to talk to rudy giuliani, mr. trump's personal attorneyabout the president's concerns." also testified, "i did not understand, until much later, that giuliani's agenda might have also includpr an effort to pt the ukrainians to investigate vice president biden or his son." sondland did defend theay president,g that at one uoint, mr. trump repeatedly told him "no quid p meaning aid was not a bargaining chip for the investigatns. at the white house, mulvaney inckled this as well, insi neithegiuliani's role nor any political influence on u.s. policy was impeachable. >> i have news for everybody-- t over it. there's going be political influence in foreign policy. >> desjardins: in texas, president trump spoke other topics, but did not address impeachment.

>> woodruff: and lisa is her m wi along with our white house correspondent yamiche alcindor. hello to both of you. lisa, let's talk first about the european union amb tassado u.s. ambassador to the e.u., gordon sondland. he's a central figure in all of this. what do we know about w he fits in to this big picture? >> well, it's interesting tod he both became more important and less. less important because he told people that -- tol investigators that he was not actually on the caulk but more importantly because he establishes relationships. th's what i want to talk about here.h we'll get to democrats are looking at him so hard. first take a look atla mr. so. he is the ambassador to the e.u., and he also was a donor t president trump's inaugural. here what we learned toda he said that president trump himself directed sondland to to rudy giuliani and then i giulia conversations with sondland, the president's personal attorney, he pushed for

that inestigation into the 2016dnc hack as well as barisma, the energy compan where who work, hunter biden, joe biden's son. soanight there is mportant establish. of relationships. more and more republicans thought rudy giuliani went rogue, rudy giuliani was doing something the president was not what gordon sondland seemed to establish today was that the president directed him to talk to giuliani. the president was putting trust in giuliani to take care of his concerns. >> woodruff: so let's pick up on tat, yamiche. what are you learning about what ambassador sondland had to say d day and hos this fit in to what the president's been sang and the people around the president? >> ambassador sondland said some things that were both problematic f president trump without breaking with him complete w. he said hs disappointed in president trump's decision making as it relates to issues of ukraine. he also said he was disappointed in the fact he involved his personal attorney, rudy giuliani, in issues dueling with

ukraine. eing said, he says i did not know at least at the beginning that rudy gi wanted to investigate joe biden and hunter biden. so he was putting distance between hiself and what president trump and rudy giuliani were doing. that's problematic for the president, because this is someone that donated millions oe dollars to pre trump's campaign actually having a little bit of distance with him some what you see there is someone who really is close to the president or is an ally of , e president saying, lom going to say what i know and it fits a pattern of what other people have been saying, telling lawmakers. so president trump ere is really not coming out lookingoo good, and it as though him and rudy giuliani were, in fact, trying to do these dealings with ukraine as a snhadow campa without the state department's involvement there. separately as we heard in lisa's report, there is this explosive statement from the acting white house chief of sta, mick

mulvaney, today about what happened on that phone call etween the president and leader of i can't, and later today a very different statement. s in on that. >> there is so much going on with mick mulvaney right now. he came out to ce white house podium as part of a briefing, and he vigorously defended the president, but he said the president was withholding military aid for ukraine because of an issue dealing with the democratic national committee.in he wanted ukto look into that. tonight a couple minutes ago, ht released a sent saying his words are being misconstrued and in fact the prsident never mentioned the dnc as part of him withholding that military aide to ukraine. the president said he's very okay with the performance and the words of mull mulvaney, but those words from the podium led to a lot of backlash. democrats we saying that this was really evidence of a quid pro quo. you even had sior department of justice official reach out the me, and that person told me, look, the department of justice

has no idea what mick mulvaney is talking about ey.sentia they said they were not aware of any sort of withholding of military aid that htd to do wih a d.o.j. investigation. the president's own pena attorney jay sekulow sahid te president's team had nothing to do with this. so mick mulvaney is releasing this statement as parted of >> woodruff: it's getting more difficult to keep track of who is saying what. li, let's back up. where does this impeachment inquiry stand right now? line in the last d.out the time senate majority leader mitch mcconnell says we could have a senate trial by the end of the year. is that possible? well, let's look at what we knoo is likelappen. first, right now, the house intelligence committee is holding these closed-door meetings and hearings. this is parted of their investigation. after that they say they will hold public hearings, also as part of their impeachment process. then at that point the intelligence committee will put together likely a report. they will send it to the judiciary coittee along wion the other committees involved.

the judiciary committee will probably hold hearingand then have meetings probably to mark up or go over articles of impeachment. that's a lot of work that still needs happen, and they're running out of time this year, so i think things will continue to move at a very fast pace. a trial in the senate at the end of year seems like a stretch, but not impossible. articles of impeachment by the end of the year is notarikely. >> woodruff: they still do not plan the take a vote at this point onuthorizing impeachment? >> no. at now they are moving along with their investigation and they could move straight to articles of impeachment as it stands. >> woodruff: finally, yamiche, another piece of news from mick mulvaney, the acting chief of staff at the white house, and that is the president is proposing to hold the next g7, reeders of the 7 leading countries in the >> this was a very controversial decision by president trump to say he wants to hol g7 at trump doral, which is a property that he has and ns in florida.

here's what mick mulvaney had to say as he was defending that decision. >> listen, was scptical. i was. i was aware of the political sort of crticism that we'd come under for doing it at doral, which is why i was so surprised when the advance team called back and said this is theic perfect ph location to do this. he.i get the criticism, so doe he would be criticized regardless of what he chose to do, but there is no issue on him profiting from this in any way, shape or form. that are selling are blue & you don't necessarily want to -- >> mick mulvaney is saing that the president -- it was the president's idea to do this. he was also sayg the aresident isn't going to profit from this, but it's very clear the president will get a lot of publicity for trump doral. the other thing to note is trump doral has been losing money. the "washington post" reports revenue is down. democrats have been saying this empt byly a brazen at the president to profit off the presidency. so we're going to have the develops.ok at how this but the g-7 for now will beeld

at a trump property. >> woodruff: another very full day, yamiche alcindor, lisa desjardins, thank you both. >> woodruff: in the day's other news, britain and the european agreement for the ntative kingdom's exit from the bloc. they said the deal announced today would ensure an open rder between.u. memberri ireland, andtish northern ireland. in brussels, britain's prime b ministis johnson celebrated with handshakes, and urged parliament to approve the deal. >> i hope very much now-- speaking of elected representatives-- that my fellow m.p.s in westminster do nocome together to get brexit done, to get this excellent deal over the line, and to deliver brexit we can focus on the prioritiest

of the british people. >> woodruff: parliament will convene a special session saturday to vote.de but th already faces opposition, including from within johnson's government. britain is set to leave the e.u. on october 31. we will discuss all of this, after the news summary. back in the u.s., new england is cleaning up after a erwerful nor-eaashed the ulgion overnight and today. wind gusts up to 90 miles an and hour. in roxbury, massachusetts, storm surge washed boats ashore. elsewhere, trees fell on homes and cars and downed utility lines. al, 400,000 customers in maine and massachusetts lost power. meanwhile, a drought across the southeastern u.s. is worsening. more than 30 million people are fected, from alabama to virginia. way. some relief may be on the forecasters say a tropical storm may form tomorrow off the gulf

coast, and me inland by the weekend. about 25,000 teachers and staff walked off the job today in chicago, the nation's third largest public school district. they set up picket lines outside many of the district's 500 schools, and demanded better pay and smaller class sizes, among other things. >> the only way that we get justice for our kids is by making sure that we, asac rs, who are their front line for defense, stand up for their needs. so we will stay out long as it takes for us to be able to get the things that they need. >> woodruff: the strike has cancelled class for more than00 36students. the number of deaths related to vaping has climbed again, to 33, since march. roe centers for disease co and prevention reported the new figure today. the is still no definitive cause for the deaths. meanwhile, juul labsnnounced that it will stop selling vaping pods with fruit and desserfl ors.

juul is the country's best- selling e-cigarette brand. o wall street today, the dow jones industrial average gained about 24 points to close near 27,026. te nasdaq rose 32 points, and the s&p 500 added eight. and, veteran congressman elijah cummings died early today after longstanding health problems. the baltimore, maryland democrat was a ghly regarded figure in congress, and was playing as central role in the impeachment inquiry. amna nawaz looks at his life and career.>> nawaz: elijah cummingt a lifetime advocating for civil rights, in his native baltimore and beyond. after 13 years in the maryland state house, he came to co 1ress 6. >> my mission is one that comes out of a vision that was created long, long ago. it is a mission and a vision to empower people.

to make people realize that the power is within them. that they too can do the things that they want to do. >> nawaz: cummings pursued that vision as a vocal advocate for causes ranging from gun reform to immigration, and always, racial justice. in 2015, he worked to restore calm when riots erupted in baltimore after the death of freddie gray, a young black man, in police custody. and at gray's funeral, he gave an impassioned eulogy.sa >> i've ofte that our children are the living messages we send to a future we will never see. but now, our children are sending us to a future they will never see, and something is wrong with that picture! >> nawaz: this year, cummings was equally fierce condemning the conditions in which migrant children were detained at the

u.s.-mexico border. >> we are the united states of america. we are the greatest country in the world. we are the ones that can, can go ywhere in the world and save people, make sure that they havr di make sure that they have tooth brushes, make sure that they're not laying around defecating in some silver paper. come on, we're better than that. >> nawaz: as chairman of the housoversight committee, cummings also launched investigations of president trump. the president struck back, calling cummings "racist" and branding baltimore ass "rat-infested today, mr. trump tweeted condolence saying,ay "his work and voice on so many fronts will be very hard, if not impossible, to rlace!" in congress, cummings' colleagues paid tribut including house speaker nancy pelosi. >> in the congress, elijah w considered a north star, a leader of towering character and integrity. he lived the american dream.

else.e wanted it for everyone >> nawaz: that sentiment crossed the political aisle, to senate majoty leader mitch mcconnel >> he counted close friends and admirers from all across the political spectrum. >> nawaz: cummings' death deprives house democrats of a leading voice in the impeachment inquiry. but, he left a legacy of clear- eyed views on congress' duty. >> when we're dancing with the angels, the question will be asked, "in 2019, what did we do to make sure we kept our democracy? did we stand on the sidelines and say nothing?" i'm amna nawaz.he pbs newshour, >> woodruff: congressman elijah6 cummings wasyears old. still to come on the newshour: l,itain and the european union reach a brexit dut can it survive the british parliament? the united auto worker to end their strike with g.m. what's on the line? and, how data is driving artists

to create new work. >> woodruff: european union leaders unanimously backed a brexit deal with the united kingdom today. the next major hurdle is having the agreement approved by the british parliament. no easy feat for prime minister boris johnson. and the stakes for the united states are clear: the e.u. is america's largt trading partner, and the u.k. is one of america's closest allies. nick schifn has the story. >> schifrin: today, british prime minister boris johnson threw his arms around negotiators and saluteropean leaders for agreeing on new terms of their divorce. johnson evenid a full victory lap around the table, celebrating what he's compared to reaching the peak of mount everest.

>> it's been long, it's been painful. it's been divisive. and now is the moment for us, as a count come together. >> schifrin: malh of the new s the old deal. the united kingdom leaves the european union after a transition period that ends in december 2020. british residents ine, and european residents in the u.k., mainin their status. and, britain pays europe about $45 billion. the sticking point has always en the border between northern ireland, a member of the united kingdom, and the republic of ireland, a country in the european union. border between northern ireland and the republic of ireland, ans cars and gooan travel freely. to maintain that freedom, the new al allows the entire united kingdom-- including northern ireland-- to strikeim trade deals anrt goods under u.k. customs laws. but northe ireland would follow european union regulations, and goods that

travel from northern ireland to the reblic of ireland, would fall under european union customs rules.y, torish prime minister leo varadker praised the deal. >> it is a unique solution, one that recognizes the unique history and geography of northern ireland. >> schifrin: the new deal alsoe reduces ances northern irish politicians can reject it, and could keep the u.k. more in line with european environment and labor rules. today, johnson predicted members of the british parliament, or w m.p.ould ratify the new deal. >> and i hope very much now that my fellow m.p.s in westminsterge do now come er, to get brexit done, to get this ,cellent deal over the li and to diver brexit without any more delay. >> schifrin: but in today's parliament, that's much easier said than done.

johnson's allies in the northern irish democratic union party criticized him and the dea >> he has been too eager by far to get a deal at any cost. >> sifrin: and the largeston oppo bloc, labour, and its leader, jeremy corbyn, vowed tot ret during a saturday vote. >> we are unhappy with this deal, and as it stands, we will vote against it. >> schifrin: for a deeper look at the brexit agreement and the challenges ahead, we turn to robin niblett. he is the director olondon think tank chatham house. robin niblett, welcome back to the ne thour. what a two or three major aspects that have changed in this deal? >> well, the major thing that's changed is that northern ireland from boris johnson's point of view is no longer the problem that it was. they have agreed t create in tsence a border doe irish ersea that separates nor ireland from all of the problems that had been bedelving t theresa may deal. it means you don't need any kind of border structures or border

arrangements between the republic of ireland and northern ireland. number one.t number two, tans boris johnson can now prepare to strike a real free trade agreement with the e.u. for the future relationship of the u.k. with the e.u. he's free to do a money more open type of relationship that allows the u.k. to diverge a bit from the e.u. so the big brexit that peopl have championed brexit from the beginning, the whole idea was to be ablto strike biw exciting agreements with countries around the world. now with the northern irish problem resolved, he rekons he has that freedom. that lets him have a better chance of having support to get this through the british. parliament >> schifrin: as you discussednd there at thehe has to get it through british parliament. what are the chances of that given what we just heard from the northmn irish deocratic unionist party and labour party both opposing it? >> i think it's still a long shee. this hasso compressed in time. labour are going to feel tre

being bounced into even holding a vote on this on saturday. what he's done is created a lot of antibodies. if he does not have theon democratic ut party on his side, all things being equal, he's probably five votes short. that assumes that all of those conservatives that left the conserve party in disasgust, it mes they all come back on board. it assumes all the really fervent brexiters decide th is deal is good enougev with that, he doesn't have the democratic unionist. he doesn't get any labor people voting for him, he will be a few votes short. a critical thing is can he get some of the labor people who represent districts that vo ed heavily the leave and are wo died about thagging on and on and who don't trust jeremy corbyn in any case, n get a few of them over the vote on his side. he only needs 15,ng 10, somet like that to come his way and he high scrape it. >> schifrin: so if at best

he's about five votes short before he starts horse trading and if he an'tcceed in that horse trading, are we headedle toward anotherion? >> ultimately, yes. he's under the gun by law. parliament took control of the book and took it away from him to prevent a no-deal brexit. he's obliged to send a lter to the european commission asking for an extension all the way juntil the 31st ofanuary. he's obliged to do that by saturday evening if parliament does not approve this deal, by is so cressed.n see the time i think if he loses the vote, or if some labor people cleverly try to add on a requirement for deal, which is sething i thinkhe the conservatives would also oppose, he may choose to resign and say, over to you gu. i struck a deal. i have a deal with the e.u. i can't pass it. you form a government.

let's see how you do. he's hoping it will collapse and he would be in a strong position to win theeneral election. >> schifrin: would he be favored to win gnotheral election? >> the question is would the wrecks yet party led by nigel farage, will they contest boris johnson, because they reckon the deal is fuzzy and fudgy, or will theythtep back and giv conservatives carte blanche to run it? ok, labour is in a chaotic position at the moment. he has to be odds on the get close to a majority, but i fear we'd end up with a hung parliament even after another general election. i think this still has way to run. >> schifrin: robin niblett, head of chatham house, thank you very much. >> thank you. >> woouff: a mth-long strike by the united auto workers appears to be coming to an end. the u.a.w.'s nional council approved a tentative deal today with general motors.

if it is approved by the rank and file over the next two weeks, it is likely to be the template for the u.a.w.'s upcoming contract negotiations with ford and fiat-chrysler. william brangham has more about the terms of their four-yearhe deal, and what it says about the future of the auto industry. >> brangham: the tentative deals nclude a number of wins for the union. for one thing, more money.wo most g.mers will get an $11,000 bonus upon ratification. there are wage increases and lump sum bonuses, and eventually nee top hourly pay for per workers will go up to $32 an hour. another key for the u.a.w.: the new contract includes a quicker path to permanent employment for temporary and part-time workers, who have long earned less money. but, g.m. got some of what it wanted, toof threour plants slated to close in ohio, maryland and michigan will not re-open. a fourth assembly plant in

detroit,hat was slated to close, will stay open and make electric vehicles. moreover, the contract does not guarantee any additional manufacturing or production will move back to the u.s. from xico. micki maynard is a journalist who follows the automotive industry, and has written several books on the subject. she joins me now from n arbor, michigan. micki, wcome back to the wshour. i checked off a full of the elements in this proposed deal. we should say it still has not been signed by the rank and file workers. so it's still largely there buno 100%.ou what stand to you as the most significant parts of this? >> wel o a coupf things. as you mentioned in your seup, there are wins for both the union and general motors. one of the things general motors apparently got i have to make any specific promises about future investment. and if you understand how mch turmoil the auto industry is in right now, that's a very f

important poir g.m., because no one really can predict where the idustry will be in four or five years. so g.m. got a lot of flexibility. for the union side, the union got a lot of cash fo its members. it's really stunning.e' theran $11,000 signing bonus for the veteran workers and the temporary workers who are not even full time are getting $4,500 apiece. apparently it goes into their paychecks a little while, if the contract is approved. and that's an awfully sweet bonus to vote yes for this contract. >> brangham: one of the other issues i know was a big poin for the u.a.w. was this issue for perma-teach workers. for people who don't know what it's like in a factory, the issue between perm workers and ese permatemp workers, what

was that like? >> one of the founding tenets of the u.a.w. was that everybody oy the asseine and in other factories should be considered the same. that's the whole idea of solidarity. what this previous contract and the contract before that did wae lly set up two tiers of so you almost had three levels. you had veteran workers who got full pay and benefits. you had the newly hired workers who t less pay d barely an benefits. and then you got the temps, and the temps were basically getting paid an hourly rate. and that is not the way the u.a.w. has operated for mostf its history. and i think the union was vey eager to eliminate those tiers and try to get people all on the same pag >> brangham: three out of the four plants hat the u.a. wanted to keep open are not going to stay open. there's no promise of moving jobs that have been proved to xico, that those will be

coming back to the u.s. do i read this right, but that is an ominous trend for america workers, is it nt? >> it's not a great development. to be h tnest, i donink any of the four, all four of the fo had a chf nce oaying open. i think there was some hwaope tt lordstown, which is neagsr yown, ohio, might have gotten a product. there was talk about puting battery production into lordstown.en the wa transmiion plant near detroit and baltimore were , obably never going to reopen. the detroit plaich is called detroit hamtramck or poletown up here, that one is c supposed to get electuck production, but the interesting thing about thats that there's a start-up called rivian, which just got an orderer from amazon for 100,000 ectric trucks, and it's also going to build pickup vehicles, so they're operating

right down the road. they're a start-up. they have some money from ford and they have the big contact om amazon, so g.m. needs to his until it wants to compete in that market. >> brangham: we're seeing ths u oposed settlement and this looks like, as re saying, success for both sides. we're also seeing tday 25,000 schoolteachers in chicago going out on strfoikllowing on the path of a lot of other school strikes that have been happening. dhen you look at the developments of , assuming this deal gets ratified, what is -- is th ane-off, or does this mean something more broadly for the labntor union moven america? >> this is on awfully generous contract if you're just talkingh about i don't think other places can provide this kind of cash to their employees. the chicago teachers' strike is very interesting because chicago has a brand-new mayorand i think she's actually a little sympathetic to the teachers and the teachers walked out anway because they have some very real

concerns about their fu as far as the broader labor movement goes, certainly in journalism we're seeinga number of news organizations unionize that had nev unionized before. orts goingnization eff on on c cllempuses, and i think people feel they need someone to speak up for them and that there is value in solidarity and as someone who honestly has been a union member all my life s d my mother waa union organizer and my grandfather was a uniga zer, i can completely understand why people want that feeling of solidarity. >> brangham: all right, micki maynar thank you very much for helping us sort through all of this. >> always a pleasure. >> woodruff: one of the fundamental economic shifts of our time is the way that big data is disrupting commerce and everyday life. artificial intelligence, which

involves machines learning, analyzing and using enormousts f data, is expected to have an ever-wider impact, transforming industries and eliminating some jobs. that data also can be used to appeal more directly to whatnt customers including in creative industries. special correspondent and "washington post" columnist catherine rampell has the first of two stories on that for our segment, "making sense." >> this is called petit lu. it's an interpretation of a little french butter cookie. >> reporter: ah, it smells so good! i don't know that i want to smell like this, but i want to eat this. david apel is a master perfumer at symriseone of the world's largest fragrance and flavorpa design cnies. it's also on the creative cutting edge, harnessing the power of big data to make part of decisions "the second digital disruption"" as legal scholars kal raustiala and christopher sprigmanall itin new paper. >> so, the first digital disrupti was really about the ability to distribute digitally. >> reporter: legally, or not,

given the piracy on haring platforms like napster. creative industries had to adap to the new wople were getting their music and movies, >> the second one,hich is happening right now, is really about data and not just distribution. it's streamed out to you. but then, in turn, the company is receiving data from you. so this is all about targeting consumption to the consumer.su what do you want? if you go a little bit further,o you get ctually investing in content. >> reporter: compani like netflix pay close attention to the details of what people pause. down to when th user data is mined, analyzed, and then used to create new products. the classic example: "house of cards." n flix was willing to green-light that series without so that they were confident enough in what they thought they knew amount of money, kind of sight unseen. like this particulginal people british version. they like david fincher, they like kevin spacey. tand so, we're going to pse things together, and we know

there's an audience for that kind ocombination. >> that turned out, at leastsp until kevin acey ran into some trouble, to be a very successful show. >> reporter: even savvier at using big data to create content? the porn industry. mo so, for a few reasons, they probably use dat than other companies do in their creative efforts. one, because typically, adul films are short. people watch a lot of them. they get a lot of data, theyie have massivership and they're cheap to make. >> i've been approaching it scientifically, as of late. why not, right? >> better porno through science? pre-internet days,orne, even in instry was studying customer tastes. the professors cite the peep show operator in hbo's "the deuce," set in the '70s. >> see, past couple of months, i've been sorting the quarters from eacmachine separately. now, i kw which film i'm running in each machine, and ih never mix it up before we do the weight. starting to givee a sense of what stuff is bringing in the most quarters.e >> wt we wving in the past, you could think of as the

data bronze age, right. erthis has now become a guf data that's much cheaper to gather, and much cheaper to analyze. >> reporter: now, most academics shy away from studying porn.es but two used it as a case study because it's been so innovative, down to using dataip to write s. ch what are examples of the kinds of creativces, let's say, an adult film company might make, based on an analysis of data? is it like, if there's a plumber at the door, or a pizza delivery guy, or-- ? >> absolutely. what does the background look like? wh does the room look like what is the person wearing? those are all things that can be altered and manipulated in different ways to see what's most popular. sells in any industry. and what smells sexy? robots are surprisingly good at figuring thaout too. ♪ ♪ that's a commercial for egeo, marketed by the brazilian cosmetics company o'boticario. >> it has this new hot milk-honey kind of note. >> reporter: the fragrance was

designed by symrise, wme help. >> and there you go. .e world's first ever a.i fragrance. >> reporter: aim daub is president of scent at symrise. >> reporter: that's thanks to a partnership with ibm research. >> who is bram stoker? >> reporter: it's been nearly a decade since watson won "jeopardy." since then, ibm's a.i. technology has gone to work in medicine, science, manufacturing, business.t bucently, it's taken on more artistic tasks. >> for a long time, people have been asking whether computers can be intelligent. which, kind of a hard philosophical question to answer, so our group decided thate were going to tackle a different problem, which was creativity. >> reporter: but, says ibm's richard goodwin, a lot of people anwere already working on droid art, or a.i. music. >> so, our original idea was toc ally build a robot that would go on a cooking show and, and actually, you know, compete with the other chefs. but we then realized it would be like ten years before we couldt

get the ro, like, chop up the carrots. >> reporter: the dexterity is a problem. >> yeah. and so the idea then was, well, what really wins t show is having novel dishes that taste good. reporter: enter chef watson,or and then a collaboration with mccormick spices. from flavors, a agort leap to nces, a labor-intensive industry seemingly ripe for disruption. >> the work of a perfumer is mostly frustration. >> reporter: designing a new fragrance has historically required a lot of human capital. it takes four years of schooling to become a junior perfumer. years more to become a master like david apel, who has four decades under his belt. he's got access to over a thousand raw ingredients, millions of existing formulas. infinitely more could be tried. so if you were tasked with creating a new fragrance, what would your process look like? >> people will come and they give imagery and storylines and visuals, sometimes even music or textures. and so, the first process is what things in my brain connect to the things they're trying to,

to say. i made a fragrance for pavarotti back in the day, and i built it eround patchouli, because patchouli is a ml that has olike this deeply bass ki resonance. you know, the way i saw his voice. >> rorter: that flash of inspiration-- ♪ ♪ hear pavarotti, think patchouli? it can take years of tinkering before a formula becomes aesthetically and commercially successful. >> if you think about prfumery,t it's an inhe complex business, because every creation is a unique product. >> rorter: achim daub is president of scent at symrise. >> manufactured out of many o ingredients, very often ny for my liking. so there is annherental inefficiency iof this. and so, one of the aspects of using artificial intelligence ib ome faster, become leaner, become more agile. >> reporter: so a.i. can cut

costs.ca buit actually be creative? >> i'm going to start with this, which is called beurre, which is-- >> reporter: butter?ut >> butter, yeah. >> reporter: david apel gave me a demonstratioof how the software, called phylira, works. he starts with two existing elements. the first thing that phylira will do is put them together, >> reporter: and then cranks up the creativity, literally. >> so, sliding this creativity scale up to ten increases the possibility that in the output that phylira gives us, there are things that are very r >> reporter: in 90 seconds, s.000 possible candidates, 12 top contender >> i like the suggestions that she's given me, and i just push a button and it's sent to the lab and compounded, and i can smell and evaluate. >> reporter: how has the introduction of a.i. changed this world for you? >> what's really amazing for phylira is that she knows not just my yle of perfumery, but everybody's style of perfumery. >> reporter: you say she. >> she. she's a she, yes. the joke here is that she's my girlfriend, because i've spent nights and weekends kind of try to understand the way that this machine seems to think. m reporter: it's hard not to anthropomorphize software doing

something that seems so fundamentally man. >> i want to be immortal. ( laughs ) you know, it's that vain of an occupation, in some sense.rf every er wants to create that uniqueness, that sort of magic of something you haven't seen before in a perfume. and that's what phylirhas done for me. >> reporter: cld we get to a point where robots take the jobs of artists? in a blind sme test for that brazilian client, phylira's fragrance did beat out a scent created by david apel. >> they're definitely not going to take all the jobs. i think they're going to help people who are creators give the public what ey want. >> reporter: getting better at giving the public what they want raises some legal and economic questions, though-- questions we'll explore in our nextgm t. for the pbs newshour, i'm catherine rampell in new york. >> woodruff: and that is the newshour for tonight.oo i'm judyuff. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you, and we'll see you soon.

>> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> bnsf railway. >> consumer cellular. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and friends of the newshour. >> this program was madeib po by the corporation for

he everyone and welcome

to "amanpour & "a." here's what's coming up. hong kong's leader is shouted downnd backlash mounts againstga lebron james for backinghe nba over a manager critical of china. basketball great charles barkley on the sport and the politics. then -- went on the floor and got you votes! i got votes for that bill! elizabeth warren's turn in the crosshairs. what the largestteemocratic deet means for the 2020 race going forward. and f>> this was a journey ofol ion that iidn't plan, an and i didn't even plan my success actually. >> the integrave medicine