captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening, i'm judy woodruff. n on tewshour tonight, the dreamers get their day in courto the supremurt hearson argumenthe fate of undocumented immigrants brought to the u.s. as children. then, how we got here. with public hearings in the impeachment inquiry toated to starrrow morning, examining what brought us to the edge of this history making event, and what will come next. and, on the frontier. a look at life in the israeli borderlands, where civilians are forced to live with the fearsome reality of backyard rocket fire >> so let me su our safe room. a year ago, therwas a rocket, they shot a rocket.

and our two year old was just like a one year old, less even. and i just ran with them here. that's not normal. like, that's not normal. >> woodruff: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> consumer cellular believes that wireless plans shouou reflect the of talk, text and data that you use. to learn more, go to consumercellular.tv >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: >> this program was made possib by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you.

>> woodruff: the united stt es supreme cos heard the legal case, and now, hundreds of thousands of young immigrants will wait to learn their fate. th are the so-called "dreamers," brought to the u.s. illegally as children. at issue is presidentrump's move to end "daca," the obama- era program that prothem against deportation. amna nawaz begins our coverage. >> nawaz: hundreds of young immigrants rallied outside the supreme court this morning... >> i'm coming here to make sure that the justices know that they have to stay on the side of justice today. >> nawaz: daca recipients were anxious, as justices insided heguments that could >> daca has been an opportunity to liberate our passions, our dreams and use them for the good of our community

and the country we call home. >> nawaz: daca, formally known as "deferred action for childhood arrivals", is shielding roughly 700,000 so- called dreamers fromat depon. >> to have a lawful system of immigration that serves the national interest, we cannot admit everyone who wo >> nawaz: the trump administration attempted to end the program in 2017, but was prevented from doing so by lower and today, justices heard arguments on the legality of sat decision. the administratis president barack obama exceeded his constitutional powers when he created therogram. plaintiffs say the administration has failed to give adequate reasons for ending it.ra the prprotects immigrants who arrived to the country at a young age before june 2007, are enrolled in school or have a g.d., and have no criminal record. president trp vowed to end the program during his 2016 campaign, then showed sympathy for dreamers soon after taking office.

>> we're going to show great heart. daca is a very, very difficult subject for me, i will tell you. to me, it's one of the most difficult subjects i h because you have these incredible kids, in many cases, not in all cases. >> nawaz: but on twitter today, he wrote daca recipients were "far from angels," calling some "tough, hardened criminals." democrats decried mr. trumps words and called for justices to side with the young immigrants. >> and despite the president's attempts to slander them, to speak ill about who they are and what they reesent, these folks are among the very best that america has to offer. >> nawaz: the decision isy expectedxt june. and now, let's take a closer look at the arguments inside the court with marcia coyle of the "national law journal," who was at the court; and th cardinal brown, director of immigration and cross-border policy at the bipartisan policy center. marcia and theresa, welcome back to you both. >> glad to be here. >> woodruff: marcia, let me

start wibi you. it's issue obviously but one the justices could look at narrowlyotentially. what is the central question or questions they're seeking to answer here. >> okay. there are really two questions oey were wrestling withday. the first one has to do with whether as a court they actually have the authority to review the decision to rescind or terminate the daca program, and the second question has to do with whether if they do have the power to review it, whetherhat decision is legal, or did it, as the the administrative procedures act, which we may remember was figured last ter cm in theensus citizenship case, it requires agencies to give a reane explanation for the decisions they make, and in this case, the lower courts said, uh-uh, trump administration, you did not gi a reasoned explanation. >> nawaz: so very basically, the plaintiffs are saying you didn't give us a reason. you have to do tht. what is the government's argument? >> the government is saying first of all there is novi

authority to r what they have done here, that this is a decision to either enforce or not enforce a federal law and that's a discretion their decision committed to eac agency unless there is a law that says otherwise. on the legality of their decision, they claim that they gave adequate reasons. th had concerns about the legally. in fact, in 2017, then-attorn general jeff sessions said the egal.am is ill they also have a general opposition to non-enrcement of federal law, here non-enforcement of federal immigration law against hundreds of thousands of undocumented immigrants. >> woodruff: theresa, let meth ask you abou. we're talking about roughly 700,000 people. what is important to know about that population, especially in light of what the prabident tweetet many of them being hardened criminals, and what's supreme court deision?f the >> sure, so with regard to the president's tweet, first of all, it should be noted that in order to get daca tus under the

program rules, you can't have a feny conviction or more thn three misdemeanors. so the idea that those who got ca are somehow criminals is patently incorrect. but these are people who by the designation of daca have been in the united states since they were children under 16 years of age. they have not committed crimes and they have signed up for protections and deportation and work autd horization. this population of people who have grown up in the united states for the most part, they have american values. they think of themselves as american in every way. nce they have gotten this status and the ability to work, many of them have graduated college. they are now professionals, dohaors and lawyers, theve made plans. they have bought homes and had families so the effect of the supreme court decision if it were to agree with the administration in terminating the program wouan hey would lose that status at the end of their current would be in jeopardy.of tat that's one of the reasons why you saw so many other parties

engaging in this debate, businesseses that are employing daca individuals. one of the cases was filed by the university of california and supported a lot of universities who have daca students. so a lot of the economy and commune tits surrounding these students are supportin >> woodruff: marcia, let's ntlook at a mo from inside the court. stice sotomayor referenced president trump shifting views. telling daca eligible peoplet they were safe under him, that he would find a way to keep thee so he hasn't, and instead he's done this. that ibehink has something t considered before you rescind the policy. what does this tell us about how sol of the more libe justices are viewing this versus some of the more conservative ones? >> of all, what she was referring to was a key aspect of the argument today. and that is the reliance that the dreamers have built up in a program that's been in exience since 2012.

and she and even justice breyer pointed out there are lots of reliance interests, not just the dreamers' reline, but theresa said, businesses have filed am my cuss briefs saying tir employees are dreamers, medical institutions, health organization, educational they have relied dreamers inhow different respects. justice sotomayor was sying that reliance is a key aspect of determining whether the administration gave adequate reasons for deciding to end the program. did they consider rliance in-depth as they should? the liberals on the court, they seem to feethat, no, adequate consideration of that. the government says in opsition, we did and here are two memos that show that with other considerations.o

that is a clear divide here and how it will figure into an ultimate decision will have to >> woodruff: theresa, another moment in which justice gorsuch said this continuing legal battle, the fact this is ill a question before the courts, isti compli a political solution. he said, "it would leave this class of persons into aud continuing cf uncertainty baseline rule or decision from this court on this issue." is there even a political solution in the mix in congress? >> well, what i would say is firshaand foremost w to understand that the best outcome for daca recipients at the end of this court case is another temporary reprieve. rule the administration didn't terminate the program it doesn't mean it won't be terminated, but i could be terminateed under the rules the court sets out, and this administration has indicated it

wants to terminate te program. his question is does continuing to litigate this give any certainty and it douresn't. the cannot give these people permanent status. even the daca program itself wasn't permanent status. that has to come to congress. congress doesn't have to wait for a court decision. they could go right nothw. have tried. the president when he announced the ending of the program in w 2017 said hnted to give congress time to act. considered bills in 2017 and agreement with the president, and it didn't happen. so now i thinkt does -- i would turn back to congress. if this is going to be set new zealand a permanent way, it has to ce from there. >> nawaz: marcia, based on what you heardoday, do you have a sense of which way the court is leaning? >> i never like to predict, but my sense was there was not afi h vote for the dream centers this case. >> nawaz: marcia coyle and theresa cardinal brown, thanks for being here. >> my pleasure. >> matt: you're welcome.

>> woodruff: in the day's other news, the supreme court allowed a lawsuit to go forward against remington arms over e school shootings in newtown, connecticut, in 2012. the company manufactures the a.r.-15 rifle that a gunman used to kill 20 first graders and six educators. we will look at the details, later in the program. at the roger stone trial, testimony today suggested president tru knew wikileaks would release e-mails from the clinton campaign in 2016,th sog that he denies. his former deputy campaign manager rick gates, that is the president's deputy manager, campaign manager, testified today about a phone call between stone and mr. trump apparently involving an impending wikileaks release. roger stone is chargth witness tampering and lying to

congress. closing arguments in the trialar tomorrow.st the president of bolivia, evo morales, went into exile in mexico today. nd had resigned on sunday,er military pressure, after weekss of proteer alleged fraud in his re-election. after landing in mexico ty, morales called his ouster a coup. he vowed to continue struggle, and appealed for peace in bolivia. >> ( translated ): i would like to say, for there not to be any more bloodshed, more confrontations, we have decidedr ign for the people. i would like to say to you, we are very grateful that the president of mexico, and the bolivian people, savedy life. >> woodruff: bolivia's military has now sentroops into the streets of the capital, la paz, to help restore order. protesters in hong kong blocked traffic and battled police again today in aio sas flooded central hong kong, and were met by police firing tear gas and rubber

bullets. after nightfall, protesters burned barricades. erthe trouble came a day a protester was shot dead by police, and another man was set on fire. new violence erupted today between israel and islamic jihad militants backed by iran. israeli air strikes killed a senior commander of the group in the militants red back with rockets, reaching as fars tel aviv. there were no israeli casualties. a second airstrike targeted an islamic jihad commander in syria, but he survived. in australia, dry conditions ane high windsferocious wildfires into the suburbs of sydney. 8 in all, at leafires were burning across new south wales, the country's most populous state. 14 we rated "out of control, the most in decades. and, officls warned it could get worse. >> given the forecast for very

high andikely severe conditions ahead as we head into this weekend and anothlly hot burst of air coming through new south wales on tuesday andda wednof next week, we simply aren't going to get the upper hand on all of these fires. >> woodruff: the fires have since friday, amidof theomes warmest conditions in a century. back in this country, former president jimmy carter is recovering after surgery to relieve pressure on his brain. it was caused by bleeding from a recent fall. a spokeswoman said mr. carter is resting comfortably after the procedure today, at a hospital in atlanta. he is 95, d the oldest ex- president ever. republican mark sanford has ended his bid for the republican presidential nomination, just two months after he began. the former south carolinaor govend congressman had hoped to challenge president trump, but, says impeachment has made it impossible to get

the public's attention.fe the u.s. cnce of catholic loshops has elected its first hispanic leader-angeles archbishop jose gomez. he was chosen today at conference meeting in baltimore. gomez was born in mexico and has been a strong vocate for a more welcoming u.s. immigration policy. a frigid air mass from siberia brought deepold across much of the eastern united stas today. commuters inhicago braved single-digits, while partsw f upstate nerk got record snow. even southern states like tennessee saw a blanketi of snow and chills. authwest airlines is faci dozens of used boeing 737's that it bought from foreign airlines. that's after the "federal aviation administration" threatened to ground the jetliners. it's been reported they may not have had needed repairs, or had repairs that were ner

documented. southwest insists the aircraft are safe. and, on wall street, the dow jones industrial average was unchanged, to close at 27,691. the nasdaq rose 21 points, and the s&p 500 added four. ill to come on the newshour: open hearings start tomorrow-- who is testiing, and why it tters. victims of firearms score aor fresh viin their fight to hold gunmakers accountable for mass shootings. how we got here-- the timeline that took us to the precipice of impeachment. and much more. >> woodruff: the u.s. houseir impeachment inmoves to the

next level, with the first public hearings tomorrow. democrats and republicans on the house's intelligence committee will get to question two key witnesses in the ongoing investigation into president trump's dealings with ukraine. nick schifrin joins us now to break down what we can expect. hello, nick. we've been looking at this story day after day. tell us what is it going to look like tomorrow? >> this is theurth impeachment process in u.s. history, and it begins with open hearings tomorrow. and what we're going to see is radicatey different retations from each party on the president's policy on ukraine. that's really at thcore of this impeachment. so let's talk about the logistics tomorrow.s first what iting the look like. opening statements by house intelligence committee chairman. >> schifrin: by -- adam schiff and by ranutk mindevin nunes and 90 minutes of questions split between the chairman and the ranking member. that will mostly be their counsel. democratic and republican

lawys asking the questions. that's followed by five minutes of questions by other members. democrats believe beginning tomorrow the public will see their argument that president trump abused the powers of his office. republicans believe that democrats will show no eidence of treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors as required in the constitution for impeachment. >> woodruff: so tell us, thess are wit called by the democrats whom are the two >> the democrats called theseow. witnesses because they say they are career respectedlomats who had a front-row, real-time look at the presiicnt's pol on ukraine and how it was changing. the first one is bill taylor. he is the current ambassador, the topiplomat at the u.s. embassy in ukraine. he was also gesge w. bus ambassador to ukraine from 2006 to 200nd has served in every administration, democratic and republican, for the last 34 years. based on his deposition, here's hearing.expect for his open 's going the talk about how rudy giuliani, the president's

lawyer, led an irr informal foreign policy to ukraine. taylor's words about giuliani is he's in a snake pit in washington and that the security assistance to ukraine for political gain. now, what is that spif snick taylor will testify that beginning in mid-july, giuliani, e president and some allies asked ukraine to investigate two things, meddling in 2016 and why hunter biden, joe biden's son, was on the board of the ukrainian energy company exactly as vice president biden was leading the obama administration's policy on ukraine. taylor will say that ukrainianto officials unde that they had to do those investigations those investigations beforeo getting what they asked for, which was a meeting with president trp in the white house and also the security eased.ance to be rel and quickly, the second testimony tomorrow will be similar to taylor's. it's george kent. he's the deputy assistant

secretary of state forio europen and eurasian affairs. he's in charge of ine policy for the department of state. he has served in democratic and srepublican administrationce 1992, based on his deposition, he will also sinning out giuliani for leading a campaign of liesen he will say he raised with the vice president's office and was rebuffed. >> woodruff: so behind allth this, nicke are the witness, but each party will inevitably become political undertaking. each party has a message going into this,s well. >> woodruff: >> a message and a radically different interpretation of the same facts. start with the democrats. lley believe this testimony wi prove three points. one, that president trump pressured ukraine and conditioned assistance. again, ukraine had to investigate those two things before a white houseeetingnd before military aid. democrats will argue thas an abuse of power. point number two, president trump didn't actually care about ukrainian corruption, which was u.s. policy at the time, but only cared about corruption of

one family in ukraine, the bidens. and number three, democrats are going to try to pressure republicans to ether exonerate president trump or admit that his actions were acceptable. that's the democrats' message. take a look at the republicans' message. acts, very different interpretation. president trump, one, was ghtlfocused on ukrainian corruption. ukraine isor notusly corrupt country and rightly pushed the new ukrainian administration to investigate corruption. paio of that corru you i can, was the company that put rd.ter biden on the boa point number, two ukrainian officials criticized candidate trump in 2016, which by the way they are on the record doing, a especialer president trump started talking about crimea. now, congressidoal republicans ot go as far as president trump on this second point. the third point, the bottom the meeting between zelensky and trump was held and the

assistance in t military was resumed without ukraine doing those invwatigations. to make one small point. congressional republicans do no go as far as president trump does on the 2016 poiutnt abo crane ukraine. president trump says that in 2016 somehow ukraine was the one that hacked the dn, not russia. this is a conspiracy theory that has been disproven. what the congressional borepublicans are talking is a much more small point that the ukrainian officials were criticizing president trump in 2016. the bottom line, same facts, same witnesses, very diferent interpretation. >> woodruff: we can expect each side to bore in on their side. again, our coverage starts tomorrow at 10:00 eastern. nick schifrin, thank you. >> than very much. >> woodruff: in a blow to the firearms industry, the supreme

court today denied an attempt by remington arms to block a lawsuit filed by the families of victims of the 2012 sandy hook massacre. the families argue the maker of the ar-15-style rifle should be held liable for the way it marketed its military-style weapons. william brangham has the story. >> brangham: that's right judy.l the origawsuit was filed on behalf of 10 victims and one survivor of the massacre in newtown, connecticut-- the shooting where twenty first graders and six adults were killed by onmaman in just a er of minutes. the suit argues that remington,m which owns theny that made the bushmaster ar-15 style rifle used by the killer, waty of recklessly marketing the weapon, ecd violated cocut's unfair trade practices act. remingtoappealed to the u.s. supreme court after connecticut's highest court allowed the lauit to proceed. for more, i'm joined by robert spitzer. he is the author of several

books on the policy of gun control. he is also a professor at suny cortland. professor spitzer, thank you very much for being here. can you help us understand a little bit more about the argument this theses amile making. they're saying remington was semehow reckless in the way that it marketed t weapons to please explain. >> yeah. under connecticut law, there is a provision that allows prosecution companies ifhey engage in marketing and sales practices that pose a direct danger, and this is the claim at the families areing after now, that the marketing of these weapons was manifestly oriented around the idea of eir destructive capabilities, for example, there is a famous phrase or infamous phrase that was uttered and has beeren ated that you can earn your man card by obtainingn ar15. and it invokes not just manliness but it sugengests

vi. it oryentds itself toward the military utility of these weapons and the military derivation of them, and under connecticut law, that is prosecutable, and i should add that there is a federal law that was passed bygr cons in 2005 that was designed to pro immunity to the gun industry crom such lawsuits, but even that law had ple of exceptions, including an exception saying that if a gun manufacture, for example, was found to have engaged in activities that are illegal, they could be subject to prosecution, and the connecticut state court ruled that this could prowceed, this suit could proceed under that exception in the fedel law. now supreme court has said that the lawsuit in connecticut can go ahead by not heanghe case appeal. >> brangha back to this issue of these ads, help me understand. walk me through th fargument as llows through some the families are arguing that these

the company was rning somehow entices people who are violent-minded to buy these weapons and that tha somehow the problem? >> well, it extols e eapon's destructive capability, and certainly there is a great deal of firepower that accompanies al weape the ar-15. it is a semi-automatic weapon, but it can receive large capacity magazines. rounds. fire off a great many medical professionals will tell you that they cause even more harm to the human bny tha other kinds of firearms. and this kind of invocation the litigantare arguing constitutes an actual threat, precisely becae the appeal is, oh, these weapons are so destructive, ad therefore this is a violation of what they call in the connecticut law "negligent entrustment."t that breech, taim is the

center of this lawsuit. >> brangham: so the supreme court denied mington's appeal. that means the case will go forward, as you were mentioning what do you imagine the likely impact this might have? i know there is a elabodite overy process. what are the ripple effects of this case potenally? >> well, ily the are a couple of very important consequences. first, as you mentioned, is discovery. able to get access to e-mail, company document, other information of internal communications from rematgton ould be at the least politically embarrassing or damaging and at the most could actually contribute significantly to the weight o the lawsuit being brought against them. in addition, it will certainly embolden others to bring similar iton litiga all states of the union have laws regarding consumer protection in advertising, and the laws in many of those states may not be appropriate for this kind of litigation, but it will

encourage others interested inin ng such suits to do so. it might encourage some state legislatures to modify the consumer protection laws, perhaps to facilitate legal action of thinature. >> brangham: all right, bert spitzer of suny cortland, thank you very much. >> good to be with you. >> woodruff: stay with us, coming up on the newshour: on the frontier, living with the realities of rocket fire in the israeli borderlands. and the fight for your entertainment dollar heats up as disney jumps into the streaming ecosystem.e use of representatives' first public hearings in the impeachment quiry are set for tomorrow, but how did we get here? to break it all down: our lisa indesjardins and yamiche ar have this look back.

>> alcindor: more than a dozen witnesses. thousands of pages of testimony. and a whistleblower cmplaint tt we learned about only in september. >> desjardins: it all led democratic house speaker nancy pelosi to do this: >> i'm announcing the house of representatives mo ang forward wiofficial impeachment inquiry. >> desjardins: as yamiche said, almost too quickly to process. so we want to want to step back and look at how we got here. >> alcindor: let's srt where this investigation began, that letter from an anonymous whistleblower. the whistleblower writes that multiple u.s. officials told them that president trump pressured the president of ukraine for his own polical gain. he wanted ukraine to open an investigation in hunter biden. biden and his son, the younger biden served on the board of a ukrainian energy company. the whistleblower says that president trump was sociting interference from a foreign country and sought to pressure the ukrainian leader, to help the president's 2020 re-election bid. >> desjardins: this is the core charge by democrats, led by house intelligence chair adam schiff. >> the president of the united

states has betrayed his oath of office and sacrificed our national security in doing so. >> desjardins: president trump and his allies, however, insist this is a political attack. >> this is a witch hunt at the highest level and it's so bad for our country. >> desjardins:here's plenty of rhetoric from all sides, but what do we actually know? >> alcindor: let's drill down on some key dates. in may, president trump has the ambassador to ukraine, marie yovanovitch, abruptly removed from that job. this happens just two weeks before massive chang ukraine. on may 20, volodomyr zelensky,an ctor and comedian, is inaugurated as president of ukraine. he pledges to fight couption in his country. but zelensky has another problem: a continued, costly war with russia over large swaths of land. zelensky needs u.s. military backing. also clear u.s. >> desjardins: on july 10, a key event. at whi house meeting wit the ukrainians, gordon sondland, the u.s. ambsador to the european union, states that

ukrainians need to reopen some investigations, cording to multiple witnesses. sondland, here on the right in a picture after that meeting, testifies he does not remember saying that. but then-national security adviser john bolton erupts, according to other witnesses, calling the idea a 'drug deal' and flagging it for white house lawyers. right around that time in mid- july, the united states freezes $391 million in aid to ukraine. several witnesses testifthat they were told this was by order of the president, directed through acting chief of staff mick mulvaney. first.st things >> desjardins: mulvaney has not commented on that idea, but is ardently defending the president. >> and i have news for everybody. get over it. there's going to be political influence in foreign policy. the event at the hf all of us to this... >> alcindor: ...the july 25 phone call between president .ump and president zelens president trump tells zelensky that the united states has been very good to ukraine. he then says, "i would like you

to dus a favor though." he goes on to y that he would ke zelensky to look into two things: the 2016 election and,pr former vicident joe biden and his son hunter's dealings in ramo des the officialte col t rae on thtion security council. he's usually behind the scenes, he is now centl. vindman testifies that what he heard on the call was not prger: the president demand that a foreign government investigate a u.s. citizen and political opponent. >> alcindor: president trump has said the call was about getting to the bottom on corruption in ukraine. >> so, we are looking at corruption. we're not looking at politics. we're looking at corruption. >> alcindor: but democrats say it is in this now famous call that president trump personally tried to extt ukraine. >> desjardins: about a month later, on august 29, a news report reveals to the public, and some members of congress, that the aid money was on hold. on september 1, vice president pence meets in warsaw with zelensky. during that meeting, pence brings up corruption.

>> alcindor: that same day: a key exchange between gordon sondland, the e.u. ambassador, and a top adviser to president zelensky. sondland tells the ukrainian official that u.s. aid would likely not be provided until ukraine made a public pledge to investigate the bidens. >> desjardins: one more date. by september 11, following heavy congressio military aid to ukraine is taken off hold and sent. we do not know how long publicgs hearor any impeachment debate, will last. >> alcindor: we do know this is the fourth ppesidential hment investigation in history. and we're sure to learn more from all sides as this unfolds. >> woodruff: we return to the middle east, and today's targeted killing in gaza by israel of a militant lead, and the rocket fire the showered israel in repriss . these attad counter- attacks between israel and its emies come frequently.

they've exploded into all-out war in the past. militant groups in particular present a major challenge to the country's security: hezbollah, in lebanon to the north, and hamas and other groups in gaza to israel's south. a few months ago we brought you a report about life inside gaza for many wounded by the israeli army in protests there. to find out what life is like for israelis on these frontier special correspondent ryan thchilcote recently went t borderlands, where a normal day can be anything but. >> reporter: the old adage that good fences make good neighbors might not apply for levav weinberg. hezbollah. rr: a checkpoint of zbolla outsi their back door. >> i get one.did i get a bonus ? no >> but you can see the action over there. >> reporter: that "action over i there"a quarter mile from weinberg's yard here in metula, israel's northernmost town. and that checkpoint is manned by

hezbollah. we can see them, and they surely see us. hezbollah's goal is to eliminate the state of israel. backed by iran, the lebanese mi-tia began an on-again, o neighbour when israeli troops invaded,hen occupied southern lebanon in the '80s and 90s. the two lastought a brutal month-long war in the summer of 2006. the border is tense, occasionally volatile and weinberg, a farmer and army reservist, always carries a pistol. >> right now it's very peaceful and lovely and we can hear the birds. buwe always know that in a doeselgeh's ckya birpart she's two today. >> most of the stress is on the family and my kids and my and my wife. when it was a high tense a week >> reporter: even in their bedroom, anat weinberg prefers to sep on the side of the be

furthest from the window. levav wanted to live here; he can have it, and by law, every house must have one of these. >> so this is our safe room. >> reporter: while levfrom here, anat grew up 25 miles south of the border in the major port city of haifa. metula has taken some getting used to.o, >> a year aghere was a rocket.ro they shot et into israel into metula and it was like 3:00 ym. in the morning. and ellah, our tr old was she was seven months. and i just that's not normal.. like, that's not normal. >> reporter: not normal and not to be dismissed. >> reporter: hezbollah attacked an israeli military here convoy just two months ago.na lieu colonel jonathan conricus is the top spokesman for the israel defense forces. >> hezbollah poses the most significant militaryr hreat along rders that israel faces today. it's a threat that we are, of course, capable of dealing wsth. but we undd that almost all of hezbollah's arsenal is aimeat israeli civilians.

>> ieporter: welcome to life israel's apple capital, hard by the border, separated here by seven-mile long wall that for all its height still can't obscure hezbollah propaganda. farming here, and yet over your shoulder you've got the picture of one of your enemies. does that make you feel? >> weird. but, you know, he's behind my back, behind my back. so it's me that i'm trying not to make him affect my life. >> reporter: little did levav know, the real threat could come from right under his feet. >> you see the house there.e and thnnel came from that house straight to us into my orchards. >> reporter: from lebanon into israel? >> from lebanon to israel. i didn't have ckclue. i was g the apples here. yeah. a week before the army starts operation.

>> rorter: while hezbollah c tunnel from lebanon here into northern israel, it sure isn't easy with soil this rocky. just a few hours south it's a different story. nahal oz is the closest town in israele gaza strip. it's a kibbutz of some 400 israelis with a suburban feel.at its edge., an imposing iron fence that separates israel from gaza. no one moves here without attracting the military's attention. they found us in just minutes. on the other side of the fence is shejaiya, site of the israeli air strike earlier today that killed baha abu al ota, the leadpalestinian islamic jihad, a militant group israel blames foruch of the recent violence. al-ata's wife was killed. their four children were also reportedly iured in the attack. shejaiya is also one of the most densely-populated neighborhoods in what is already one of the most crowded strips of land in the world. in 2014, shejaiya was almost

completely destroyed when the israeli army and hamas militants, who control guga, door-to-door in its streets, part of a month-long war.ha more150 rockets have been fired at israel from gaza sincen fie killinuding this one, captured by a trcamera, >> a few years ago. different days. we used to go to gaza freely. >> reporter: dani rahamim raised a family here; and used to have friends there. >> i had fends in gaza, palestinians. i got married in 1983. i invited five palestinians to my wedding and they came to my wedding. >> reporter: that was longar before israel ted building this 37 mile long wall in 1994. but it's hamas's tunnels that worry dani the most.

>> when there is rockets, you have a siren. but when they build a tunnel, that the hamas can go out. in the kibbutz itself. and it can be a big disaster. we insist to stay here to grow our crops. because this is our home. >> reporter: through clouds of dust, the rumble of trucks are a clue this is no normalisome. el is expanding its wallun underg pouring concrete up to a reported nearly 200 feet deep in places, to prevent tunneling. l it must betle bit sad that you have to have a ferce and a 60 meep wall with your neighbor. >> i'm sure that one day i'm on the way, but i'm sure that one day we live with them in peace because i believe that most of the people in gaza strip would want to live a normal life like us, but they're now hostages of

>> reporter: rahamim got theraps to deal with tess of the rocket attacks. now, he says, he's fine. more painfully for a parent though. has the stress of living here fected any of your kids? >> yes. my little daughter, she's in postterauma. >> rep p.t.s.d? >> when there is a siren, she is also a body shaking fong time. even after the siren finished, she was still shaking. it can be one hour, two hours. >> reporter: gadi yarkoni knowsa better than ny israelis the price of war between israel and hamas. day the mayor of this border region shows me a brand-new school that can sustain rocket attacks. and today the mayor of this he was out trying to restore his town's power. it was less than an hour before bringing the 2014 hamas-israel

war to a close. the rocket took the lives of two friends and his two legs. >> ( translated ): the rocket came from there. it came from tere and fell between my legs and i think thathis was my luck. >> reporter: months of rehab followed, prosthetics, learning how to walk again for the first time. even after this, gadi had somethg to say: >> ( translated ): and what i do today, and say to everybody: if we want to have a good life, they should have that too. they should also hrte something living for. i am not talking about peace i todam talking about living one alongside the other. i think that this is the important message to come out of here, from this specific point where i th now standing. point where i lost two friends and two legs. most important is that o children have a future. >> reporter:hatever happens in the future hinges on israel's frontier. >> all the active fronts, not zones of peace, are very explosive. can erupt tomorrow. gaza. hezbollah. >> reporter: retired general

amos yadlin once headed military intelligence in israel he now runs israel's leading national security think tank. >> each side knows that the other side does not want to go to war. so there is a leeway for some activities that they hope will not reach the point of escalation.is but s a basis for miscalculation. and miscalculation would lead us to another clash between hamas and israel. no doubt about it. >> reporter: back up north, unvav's mother has a heavily- fortified undergshelter for when her son's safe room won't suffice. it's spartan., two cots bathroom. rockets and missiles have rained down on the weinbergs for two generations during the israeli invasion of banon in 1982, she m once spent tths in this bunker with levav and his brother. now, though, she wores more than she used to. grandmothers do. you've lived here for 40 years. you were a mother here. enw you're a grandmother here.

>> oh, it's diff live in metula, maybe i will have five fosix grandchildren, grandchildren that they need to take care of here, because i spend with them a lot of time during the week. i don't know how to start what to do. it's frightening. >> reporter: just a 10 minute walk away, levav laments the loss of hundreds of ape trees, bulldozed by the army to close up the hezbollah tunnel. h >>e makes me a big damage, but it's nothing compared to the damage it was able to happen. my mom house is just behind you. >> reporter: levav told us there was a time when he exchanged pleasantries with his neighbors in lebanon across the wall. not anymore-- it's too tall.th fopbs newshour, i'm ryan chilcote in metula, israel. >> woodruff: the battle between media giants over the future of

streaming services ratcheted up today.oh asyang tells us, the walt disney company jumped in as companies are spending tens of billions to try to lock in your entertainment dollar it's part of our ongoing series on arts and lture, "canvas" >> yang: a highlanticipated new star wars spinoff, "the mandalorian," was today' odebut offerithe walt disney company's new streaming service, disney-plu but the launch of the latest entry in the intensifying streaming wars was not without glitches: users were greeted by longoading pages and error messages that disney blamed on higher than expected demand. disney plus boasts programming from across the media giant's brands: marvel and star wars movies, pixar animation, fox tv shows and classic disney films. the introductory price: $6.9a month. disney enters an ever-growing

field. >> the part that you guys don't seem to realize is youon't have the power anymore.g: >> yarlier this month, apple jumped in with nine newms prog on apple tv-plus, spending about $240 million alone for two seasons of "the morning show," starring jennifer anniston, reese witherspoon and steve carrell. more new sws and original movies are expected in coming months. two more newcomers are to debut next year. hbo max from at&t's warner media will offer all of hbo's content. nbc universal's "pcock" will include longtime favorite nbc shows like "the office." t they are aing on long- established rivals. amazon prime both have vast libraries of content and tens of millions of subsibers.

and hulu, also controlled by disney, has made a name for itself with shows like "the handmaid's tale." the big question is how many of these services consumers pay for each month. monthly fees vary from 7 to 15 dollars a month. tv critic eric deggans follows all this for npr and he joins us from st. petersburg, florida. eric, thanks for being with us. what's going on? viy all these streaming ses starting now? >> i know, what's going on? people are drowning in television. things going on here. dfferent firstly, i think there's a l of meia companies that don't want to miss out on the streaming revolution. they realize thathis is a major way that people are choosing to experience television and they want to carve out a piece of that medium and they want to control it.

so in thet past, hey may have sold reruns of valued shows t netflix "the office" and "friends" and "big baneory" and shows like, that but they realize that was making netflixr very pl and allowing of the tv industry.a huge corner and dictate terms in away, how much shows are worth. and so some of these companies have decided to pull back those episodes and build streaming services arod them so they can control their own platforms, they can control their own piece of this mthedium, and thee other reason is that it's a part of se of thse media company's strategy to lure customers into a universe of media products that are all connected to their company. so for apple plus,f youet involved with apple tv plus, it encourages you to become part of the apple family.

so maybe you watch it on an apple ipad or on an apple laptop. maybe you use apple software in order to engage it. maybe you buy an apple tv device in order to watch apple tv pls original programming. it makes you a part ancod ected to the company in a way that you otherwise wouldn't be. >> yang: are we seeing a shaift from cable the streaming in the same way we saw a shift from cable to over the air? >> yes. without a doi t. ink i've talked often about what i call on demandit atte amongst consumers. people want to have a tvonnt when they want it, where they want it, how they want it. and cable tv offered moreib flity from broadcast television. you could see more things and there was more chance that you might stumble on something that you wanted an c then soable systems gave you some on-demand gprogramming, but streamives you even more flexibility.

you can buy smaller ndles of channels. you can buy services that are directly tailored to the ten that you're interested in. you can start and stop those lsubscriptions with a fewcks of a mouse button.t and you content that you can watch on your phone, that you can watch on your ipad or on your laptop whenever and wherever you are. >> yang: how should consumers think about navigating this newa etplace of streaming services? >> well, i did ace pieor npr.org where i talked about ho you ick the streaming service you want. one thing you have to do is be honest about what you watch. i encourage people to do, yo know, how some nutritionists diary to see what you actually eat. write down when you have lunch and dinner. i expect that you should write down what you watch on television don't try to guess what you watch, but actually write down whatn ou watch some wheu

watch those "law and order" reru be honest about what ou watch. once you have a sense of what you're watching day to day and week the week, then you can cobble together a strategy for what kind of streaming servicesm will get tst of what you want to watch. now, yb shouldn't be shy aout trying some services and dropping them if they don't. wo you can -- a lot of services have a week free trial. sometimes you can try them for a month. you pay $6 or7. you get a month's service. you drop it if it's not working weed to the in the past having these tv structures that are permanent. you put upn a antenna or buy cable service or you buy netfli and then n't do anything else and you just experience whatever that pleatformivers to your home. but now you have more control than ever as a consumer. it means you have to do a little bit more work. you have to do some research and figure out what you want to

watch. you have to figure out what you nt to spend on thse streaming services and then you have to try them. once you pot together an eclogy of media outlets, it will be much more satisfied with the ngad yes you're consund i bet you will spend less money. >> brangha>> yang: eric deggansv critic for npr, thank you very much. >> thank you. >> woodruff: a correction to a story we reported earlier tonight: we said a protester in hong kong yesterday ot dead by police. in fact, that protester is still alive, but in serious condition. our apology. tune in later tonight on pbs, frontline presents "kids caut in the crackdown." the joint investigation by frontline anthe associated press exposes the traumatic stories of migrant children detained as a result of president trump'immigration

policies. online, get all of our coverage on the impeachment hearings, including our newsletter dedicated to the topic. subscribe atpbhe link to org/newshour/politics. and that's the newshour for tonight.dy i'm oodruff. join us online and at the same tomorrow, but first, tomorrow morning starting at 10:00 a.m. eastern for raecial live co of the first public impeachment hearing. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you anyou soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> the ford foundationis working withnaries on the frontlines of social change worldwide. rp

>> carnegie ation of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security. at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoing sunsort of thesetutions and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting.ut and by contrns to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> ronald reagan once described orange county as a place good republicans go to die. >> i'm gladyou're here because you're sexy and you have a nice

ass. >> he's your boss? >> yes. >> zimmerman's house is part of the 20k project. >> that's something i've always wanted because house. >> each time we would go back and revisit one of the statue, we would fid it had changed. >> how do you prioritize these versus those? captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc ptioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

to "amanpour & co." here's what's coming up. >> our first duty inomething like this, an impeachment hearing, is to let people understand and see all the facts to make the judgments for themselves. >> the "new york times," the president's favorite media public.ry, as impeachment goes what are the stakes for trump in the court of public opinion? i'll ask exit editor dean baquet. >> then -- >> this is about patterns of behavior and alliances tt suppressed truth. pulitzer priz winning investigative reporter ronan farrow tells us about exposing harvey weinstein and fighting with his own boss to get the story published. a plus great british artist