judy: good evening. on the newshour tonight, the dreamers get t day in court. the supreme court hears arguments on theate of undocumented immigrants brought to the uss children. then, how we got here. with public hearings in the impeacnqentry slated to start tomorrow morning, gexamin what brought us to the edge of this history making event and what will come next. and, on the froier. a look at life in the israeli borderlands, where civilians are forced to live with the fearsome reality of backyard rocket fire. >> so let me show you our safe room. a year ago, there was a rocket, they shot a rocket. and our two-year-old was jt,

like, a one-year-old, less even. and i just ran with them here. that's not normal. like, that's not normal. judy: all that and more ont' tonig's "pbs newshour." ♪ >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by -- >> when it comes to wireless, consumer cellular gives customers ahoice, no contract plans with as much or as little data as you want. team is on help -- on hand toce help. >> bnsf railway. and with the ongoing support of these institutions. this program was made possible

by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs thank you.om viewers like you. judy the united states supreme court has heard the legal case, and now, hundreds of thousands of young immigrants will wait to learn their fate. they are the so-called "dreamers," brght to the u.s. illegally as children. at issue is president trump's move to end daca, the obama-era program that protects them against deportation. amna nawaz begins our coverage. amna: hundreds of young immigrts rallied outside the supreme court this morning. >> i'm coming here to make sure that the justices know that they have to stay on the side of justice today. amna: daca recipients were anxious as justices inside heard arguments that could d their fate. >> daca has been an opportunity to liberate our passions, unleash our dreams, and use them for the good of our communty and

the country we call home. amna: daca, formally known as deferred action for childhood s arrivals, ishielding roughly 700,000 -called dreamers from deportation. >> to have a lawful system of immigration that serves the national interest, we cannot admit everyone who would like to come here. amna: the trump administration attempted to end the program in 2017, but was prevented from and today, justices heard arguments on the legality of that decision. the administration says president barack obamaded his constitutional powers when he created the program. plaintiffs say the administration has failed togi adequate reasons for ending it. the program protects immigrants who arrived to the country at a young age, before june 2007, are enrolled ischool or have a ged, and have no criminal record. p president trumwed to end the program during his 2016 campaign, then showed sympathy for dreamers soon after taking offi.

>> we're going to show great heart. daca is a very, very d subject for me, i will tell you. to me, it's one of the most difficult subjects i have,yo becaushave these incredible kids, in many cases, not in all cases. amna: but on twitter today, he wrote daca recipients were, quote, "far from angels," calling some "tough, hardened criminals." democrats decried mr. trump's words, and called for justices to side with the young immigrants. >> despite the president's attempts to slander them, to speak ill about who they are ane whatrepresent, these folks are among the very best that america has to offer. amna: the decision is expected by next june. and now, let's take a closer look at e arguments inside the court with marcia coyle of the national law journal, who was at e court today, and theresa cardinal brown, director of immigration and cross-border policy at the bipartisan pceicy er. welcome back to you both.

letit me start you. it is a big issue but one the justices could look at narrowly. what is the central question or questions they are seeking to answer? marcia: there are two questions they are wrestling with today. the first one has to do with whether as a court, they actually have the authority to review the decision to rescind n terminate the daca program. the second quests to do with whether, if they do have thet, power to reviewas the decision legal or did it, as the lower courts have held, violate the administrative procedures act? which was figured last term in the sense -- the census citizenship case. it requires agencies to give an explanation for the decisions they me. in this case, the lower courts said no, the trump administration did not give decent explations. amna: what is the government's argument? marcia: they are saying there is no authority to review what they

have done here, that this is a decision to either enforce or not in force federal law and it is a discretionary decision committed to each agency unless there is a lawhe that says ise. on the legality of the decision, they claim they gave adequate reasons. they had concerns about the legality, in 2017 then attorney general jeff sessions said the program isal illand they alsoe h a general opposition to non-enforcement of federal law. nonenforcement of federal immigration lawgainst hundreds of thousands of undocumented immigrants. amna: we are talking about roughl700,000 people. what is important to know about the population in light of what the president tweeted today about many of them being hardened criminals? what is the potential impact of the supreme court decision? theresa: with regard to the president's tweet, it should be noted that to gets aga sta

under the program rules, you can't have a felony conviction or more than three misdemeanors. the idea tt it is full of iminals is patently incorrect. these are people who, by the designation of daca, have a in in the united states since they were children. they haven't committed crimes and they have signed up for protecti work authorization.nd this population are people who have grown up inhe united states. the have american values, they think of themselves as american in every way. since they got t status and the ability toork, many have graduated college and are professionals, doctors and lawyers. ey have made plans, bought homes and had families. the s effect of treme court with the administration, would mean they would lose that status at the end of the current piod and all that would be in jeopardy.

that is when reason why use saw so many other parties ebgaging in thee. businesses that employ daca individuals, one wasiled by the university of california. oma lot ofnities are supporting this. amna: let's look atdehe moments inhe court. there was one moment from justice sotomayor rerenced president trump's shifting views. she said, the president telling daca people that they were safe, that he would find a way to keep them here, he hasn't and instead he has done this. that i think has something to be policy. we rescind the what can you tell us about the liberal versus conservative justices? marcia: she referred to a key aspect of the argument today. that is the reliance that the dreamers have builtp a program that has been in

existence since 2012. she and justice breyer point out there are lots of reliance interests. not just for the dreamers, but businesses w filed amicus briefs saying employees are dreamers. medical institutions, health organizations, educational institutions, all have shown how they relied on dreamers in different respect. justice sotomayord s that reliance is a key aspect of determining whether the administration gave adequate reasons for deciding to end the program. did they consider reliance in depth as they should? to feel that no, the administration didn't give aduate consideration of that. the government says in opposition, we did and here are two memos that showed reliance s considered along with other considerations.

that is a clear divide here. how it will figure into the decision, we will have to wait and see. amna: there is another moment where justice gorsuch seemed to say the legal battle is complicating your titential polil solution. here is what he said,ou "it leave this class of persons under a continuingf cloud uncertainty and continued stasis in the political branches because they wouldn't have a baseline rule of decision from this court on this issue." is there a political solution in the mix? theresa: we have to understand the best outcome for daca recipients is a temporary reprieve. if the supreme court rules the administration didn't terminatep the program apately, that doesn't mean the program won't be terminated, it means the administration can re-terminate it under the rules the court sets out. i think his question is about

continuing to litigate this and does it give any certainty? it doesn't. the only certainty can come from congress. the courts can't give these people permane status. dacaan wasn't pet status. that has to come from congress and congress doesn't have to isit for a court dn. they could act right now. they have tried. nothe president ced the ending of the program in 2017 and said he wanted to give congress time to act. the house and senate contender -- considered bills and failed to come to an agreement with t president and it didn't happen. now i think it has to go back to congress. if this will be settled in a permanent way, it has to come from them. amna: based on what you heard, you have a senseic of way the court is leaning? marcia: my sense is that there isn't a fifth vote for the dreamers in this case. amna: thanks for being here. ♪

vanessa: good evening from newshour west.a i'm vaneiz, in for stephanie sy. judy woodruff will be back with the rest of the prog these headlines. tonight, the house intelliegence committee, announcing three ditional days of open hearings next week in the impeachment inquiry against president trump. on tuesday, november 19th, the committee will hear from jennifer williams, aide to vice president mike pence, and alexander vindman, director for european affairs at the national security council. in the afternoon, they will also have ambassador kurt volker, the former u.s. special envoy to ukraine, and tim morrison, a white house aide with the national security coun . the following day, wednesday the 20th, the committe will hear from ambassador to the european union gordon sondland. also appearing will be laurapu cooper, the assistant secretary of defense for -- and david hale, the under-secretary of state for

political affairs. 21st, the committee will hear from fiona hill, former national security council sior director for europe and russia. we'll have deeper dive into tomorrow's impeachment hearings right after ws summary. the supreme court allowed aui lato go forward against remington arms over the school shootings in newtown, connecticut, in 2012.th company manufactures the ar-15 rifle that a gunman used to kill 20 first grars and 6 educators. am will look at the details later in the pro in the roger stone trial, stimony today suggested president trump knew wikileaks would release e-mails from the clinton campaignn 2016, something he denies. but his former deputy campaign manager, rick gates, testified today about a phone call between stonmr. trump, apparently involving an impendingikileaks release. stonis charged with witness tampering and lying to congress. closg arguments in his trial are tomorrow.

late this evening in bolivia, senator jeanine anez chavez was sworn in as interim president,as he country scrambles to regain order after weeks of violent protts. anez sing today, her role as o president y temporary until new elections can be held. an was sworn in before the national assembly in la paz, the bolivian capital, two days after former president evo morales stepped down. im it's nodiately clear whether her claim to power will hold, as many lawmakers loyal to the former government refused to show up for today's vote. and tonight, more street clashes, looting, and roadblocks are rocking the south american country, as supporters of morales refuse to recognize anez as interim president. meanwhile, morales, going into exile in mexico today.la after nding in mexico city, morales called his oter a coup. he vowed to continue the struggle, and appealed for peace in bolivia. >> i wouldike to say, for there not to be any more

bloodshed, more confrontations, we he decided to resign for the people. are very grateful heto you, we president of mexico, and the bolivian people, saved my life. vanessa: protesters in hong kong blocked traffic and battled police again today in a series of confrontations. thousands flooded central hong kong, and were met by police t firiear gas and rubber bullets. after nightfall, protesters burned barricades. erthe trouble came a day a protester was shot by police, and another man s set on fire. a new wave of demonstrations also breaking late tonig in lebanon, with at least one protester killed.es the pr, taking place even after president michel aoun saio today thtry faced a, quote, "catastrophe if protests did not end." the protester, dying after an altercation with lebanese soldiers near beirut. the shooting is e first of its kind in almost four weeks of nationwide protests against lebanon's ruling elite.

new violence erupting todayra between and islamic jihad militants backed by iran. israeli airstrikes killed a senior commander of thgroup in gaza, plus 8 others. the militants fired back with rockets, reaching as far as tel aviv. here were no israeli casualties. a second airstrike targeted an islamic had commander in syria, but hsurvived. in australia, dry conditions and high winds pushing ferocious wildfires into the suburbs of sydney. we all, at least 85 fires burning across new south wales, the country's most populous state. fourteen were rated out of control, the most in decades. and ofcials warned, it could get worse. >> given the forecast for very high and likely severe this weekend, and r reallyd into hot burst of air coming through ndw south wales on tuesday wednesday of next week, we simply aren't going to get the upper hand on all of these fires.

vanessa: the fires have destroyed at least 150 homes since friday, amid somhe warmest conditions in a century. back in this countryer president jimmy carter is recovering after surgery to relieve pressure on his brain. it was caused by bleeding from a recent fall. a spokeswoman said mr. carter is resting comfortably, at a hospital in atlanta, after a procedure with what she said were no complications.re blican mark sanford has ended his bid for the republican presidtial nomination just 2 months after he began. the former south carolina governor and congressman had hoped to challenge president ntump, but he says impeach has made it impossible to get the public's attention. the u.s. conference of catholic bishops has elected its firstic hispeader, los angeles archbishop jose gomez. he was chosen today at the conference meeting in baltimore. gomez was born in mexico, and has been a strong advocate for a more welcoming u.s. immigration policy.

still to come on the newshour with judy woodruff, opening impeachment hearings start tomorrow. iswhestifying and why it matters. families of shooting victims score a fresh victory in their fight to hold gunmakers accountable for mass killings. how we got here. the timeline that took us to the precipice of impeachment, and much more. ♪ >> this is the pbs newshour from weta studios in washington and in the west, from th walter cronkite school of journalism. dy the u.s. house impeachment next leveles to t with the first public hearings tomorrow. democrats and republicans on the house's intelligen committee will get to question two key investigation into president nick schifrin joinow tokraine. break down what we can expect.

hello, neck. you have been -- hello, nk. you have been looking at the story. what will this look like? nick: this is the fourth impeachment process in u.s. history ended -- and it begin with open hearings. we will see differents interpretation each -.from each par let's talk about the logistics. opening statements by house intelligence committee chairman adam siff, by ranking member devin nunesndpening statements by the witnesses. then, 90 minutes of westerns split between the chairman and the ranking member, and that will mostly be their councils, democratic and republican lawyers asking questions. that is followed by fi minutes ofuestions by other members. democrats believe beginning tomorrow, theublic will see their argument that president trump abused the powers of his office. republicans will lea democrats

would show no evidence of treason, bribery or other high crimes or misdemeanors as required in the constitution. judy: these are witnesses called by the democrats. who are the witnesses we will hear from tomorrow? nick: the democrats called the witnesses because they say they are career respected diplomats eno had a front-row real-time look at the pre's policy on ukraine and how it changed. l the first one is bylor, the current ambassador at the u.s. embassy in ukraine a george w. bush's ambassador in ukraine. he has served at every administration, democratic an republican, for the last 34 years. based on his deposition, here's what we expect. he will talk about how rudy giuliani led in a regular, informal foreign-policy team in ukraine. taylor's words is that giuliani is leading a snake pit in washington and the president withheld vital security assistance to ukraine for

political gain. taylor will testify that beginning in mid-jul giuliani, the president and allies asked ukraine to investigate two things. meddling in 2016 and why hunter biden, joe biden son, was on the board of the ukrainian eneicy company aspresident of -- biden was leading an investigatn. they willayhat they would pledge to do the investigation before getting what they asked for, a trump in the white house and the beurity assistance released the second testimony today will be similar,ro tomwill be similar to taylor's. the deputyta assistant sec european and eurasian affairs is in charge of ukraine poly for the department of state. he served blmocrat and rean administrations. based on hisio depos he says giuliani led a campaign of lies

and he raised concerns about hunter biden with the vice president's office and was rebuffed. judy: there are witnesses but each party has political undertakings and has a message. nick: a radically different interpretation of the same facts. democrats believe the ttimony will prove that president trump pressured ukraine and conditioned assistance, that ukrae would investigate those ings before military aid was released. democrats will argue that is an abuse of power. point number two, president trump didn't care about ukrainian corruption, only cared about corruption of one family in ukraine, the bidens. number three, democrats will try to pressure republicans to exonerate president trump or admit his actions were a -- unacceptable. the republicans message, same

facts, different interpretation. president trump was righy focused on ukrainian corruption, ukraine is in a tory asleep corrupt country, and rightly questioned the investigation into corruption, including tut company thatunter biden on the board. ukrainian officials criticized candidate trump in 2016, which they are on the record of doing especially after trump started talking about crimea. republicans don't go as far as presidenn trump this second d point. the thint, the bottom line, republicans will say that the meeting between trump and zaleski was held and the assistance by the military ous resumed withe ukrainians doing the investigations. congressional republicans d't go as far as president trump does on the 20 point about ukraine. trump says in 2016, somehow

ukraine was the one that hacked the dnc, not russia. this is a conspiracy theory that has been disproven. what congresonal republicans e talking about is a smaller point, that ukrainian officials were criticizingresident trump in 2016. bottom line, same fact, same witnesses, different interpretations. judy: our coverage starts tomorrow, 10:00 eastern. nick, thank you. in a blow to the firearms industry, the supreme court today denied an attempt by remington arms to block a lawsuit filed by the families of victims of the 2012 sandy hook massacre. the families argue the maker of e ar-15-style rifle should be held liable for the way it

was marketing military-style weapons. william brangham has the story. william: that's right, judy. the original lawsuit was filed on behalf of 10 victims and one survivor of the massacre in newtown, connecticut, the shooting where 20 first graders one man in just a ofilled by minutes. the suit argues that remington, which ow the company that made the bushmaster ar-15 style rifle used by the killer, was guilty of recklessly marketing the weapon, and violated connecticut's unfair trade practices act. ap remingtoaled to the u.s. supreme court after connecticut's highest court allowed the lawst to proceed. for more, i'm joined by robert spitzer. he is the author of several books on gun controlpo cy. he is also a professor at suny cortland. thank y very much for being here. help us understand a little more argument that the families are making. they say remington was somehow

reckless in the way it marketed these weapons to civilians. explain. robert: under connecticut law, there is a provision that allows prosecution of companiesge if ty enn marketing and sales practices that pose a direct danger. is is the claim that the es are going after now that the marketing of these weapons was manifestly oriented around the idea of their destructive capabilities.re for example, ts the famous or infamous phrase uttered and has been repeated, that you can earn youran card by obtaining an ar-15. nit invok just manual -- manliness b orients itself towards the military utility of these weapons and the military aspect of them. under connecticut law that is prosecutable. there is aederal law passed by congress in 2005 designed to

provide immunity to the gun instry from such lawsuits, but even that law had a couple exceptions, including the exception saying th if a gun manufacturer was, for example, found to having gauged in a committee that is illegal, they could be subject to prosecution. the connecticut state court ruled this could, proce this lawsuit could proceedptnder that exn to federal law. now the supreme court has said that the lawsuit in connecticut can go ahead by not hearing the case appeal. william: help me understand, walk me through the argument as it follows through. the families argue thatse t hyper-macho masculine ads the mpany was running somehow entices people who are violent minded to buy the weapons, andth that is someho problem? robert: it extols the weapon's

destructive capabilities. there is a great deal of firepower that the companies, the weapon like, the ar- is a semiautomatic weapon but it can receive large capacity magazines. you can fire many rounds. medical professionals will tell more harm use even the human body than other kinds of firearms. this kind of invocation, litigants argue, constitutes a threat because the, appeal these weapons are so destructive. therefore, this is a violation of what they call in the connecticut law negligent entrustment. that breach, that claim is the center of the lawsuit. william: the supremeemourt deniedgton's appeal which means the case will go forward in connecticut. what do you imagpae the likely this might have? there is a discovery process. what are the ripple effects of

the case potential? robert: the are important consequences. the first is discovery. it means t plaintiff will be of the get access to emails, compy documents, other information of internal communications from remington that could be at the least politically embarrassing or actually contributee most could significantly to theaweight of theit being brought against them. it will embolden others to bring simila litigation. all states of the union have laws regarding consumer protection and -- in advertising. the laws in many states may not be appropriate for this kind of litigation, but it will encourage others interested in bringing such suits to do so. it might encourage state legislatures to modify their consumer protection laws, perhaps to facilitate legal action of this nature. william: rober spitzer, thank you very mh.

robert: gd to be with you. ♪ judy: stay with us. coming up, on the front here. living with the realities of rocket fire in the israeli borderlands. and, the fight for your entertainment dollar heats up as disney jumps into the streaming ecosystem. as we have discussed, tomorrowth will bfirst public hearings in the impeachment how did we get here? question, to look back and bring it all into focus, our lisa desjardins and yamiche alcindor. yamiche: more an a dozen witnesses, thousands of pages of testimony, and a whistleblowert complaat we learned about only in september. lisa: it all led democratic house speaker nancy pelosi to do this. >> i'm announcing the house of representatives moving forward

with an official impeachment inquiry. lisa: this has all happened quickly, almost too quickly to process. so we want to want to step back d look at how we got her yamiche: let's start where this investigation began, that letteu from an anons whistleblower. the whistleblower writes thatle mult.s. officials told them that president trump pressured the president of ukline for his own politica gain. he wanted ukraine to open an investigation into former vice hunter biden. biden and his so the younger biden served on the board of a ukrainian energy company. the whistleblower says that president trump was soliciting interference from a foreign country, a sought to pressure president's 2020 re-election bid. lisa: this is the core charge bd democrats,y house intelligence chair adam schiff. >> the president of the united states has betrayed his oath of office, and sacrificed ouron na security in doing so.sa president trump and his allies, however, insist this is a political attack. >> this is a witch hunt at the highest level and it's so bad for our country.

lisa: there's plenty of rhetoric from all sides, but what do we actually know? yamiche: let's drill down on some key dates. in may, president trump has the ambassador to ukraine, marie this happens just two weeksed before massive change in ukraine. on may 20, volodomyr zelensky, an actor and comedian, is inaugurated as president of ukraine. he pledges to fight corruption in his country. but zelensky has another aproblem,ontinued, costly war withofussia over large swaths land. zelenskyeeds u.s. military aid and also clear u.s. backing. from -- lisa:e at a whuse meeting with the ukrainians, gordon sondland, the u.s. ambassador to the european union, states that ukrainians need to reopen some investigations, according to he testified he didn't set --

remainder -- remember saying that. john bolton called the idea it drug deal and flagged it for white house lawyers. around that time in mid july, the united states freezes $391mi ion dollars in aid to ukraine. several witnesses testify that they were told this was by order of the president, directed through acting chief of staff mick mulvaney. >> first things first -- lisa: mulvaney has not commented on that idea but has ardently defended the predent. >> and i have news for everybody. get over it. there's going to be political influence in foreign policy. sa: that brings us to the event at the heart of all of this. yamiche: the phone calles betwen ent trump and president zelensky. president trump tells zelensky that the united states has been very good to ukraine. he then says, "i would l de you us a favor though." he goes on to say that he would like zelensky to look into two things, the 2016 election and former vice president joe biden and his son hunter's dealin in ukraine. lisa: among the officials on the car, a lieutenant, named

alexander vindman, the top ukraine expert on the national security council. he you is usually behind the scenes. heard him call was not proper, the president demanding that a foreign government investigate a u.s. citizen and politicalnt oppo yamiche: president trump said it was about eruption. politics, we are looking at corruption. yamiche: democrats say that is when president trump personally tried to extort ukraine. lisa: on august 29, a news report reveals to the public and some members of congress that the aid money was on hold. denteptember 1, vice pre pence meets in warsaw with zelensky. yamiche: the same day, a key exchange between the eu ambassador and a top advisor to president zelensky. sondland tells the ukrainian official that l u.s. aid wouely not be provided until ukraine made a public pledge to investigate the bidens.

lisa: by september 11, following heavy congressional pressure, the military aid to ukraine is taken off hold and st. we don't know how long public hearings are anympeachment debate will last. yamiche: we do know this is the fourth presidential impeachment investigation in history. and we're sure to lfrrn more all sides as this unfolds. judy: we return to the middle east, and today'eted killing in gaza by israel of a l militader, and the rocket fire the showered israel in reprisal. these attacks and counter-attacks between israel ded its enemies come frequently. they've expinto all-out war in the past. militant groups in particular present a major challenge to the untry's security, hezbollah, in lebanon to the north, and hamas and other groups in gaza to israel's soh. a few months ago we brought you a reportou

life inside gaza for many wounded by the israeli army in protests there. toind out what life is lik for israelis on these frontiers, special correspondent ryan chilcote recently went to the borderlands, where a normal day can be anything but. ryan: the old adage that good fences make good neighbors may not apply for this family. not everybody has a hezbollah checkpoint outside their backdoor. >> do i get a bonufor that? no. but you can see great over there, that action. ryan: that is a quarter mile from his yard in israel's northernmost town. the checkpointy is manned hezbollah. etheir goal is minate the state of israel. backed by iran, the lebanese militia began an on-agwin, off-again th israel when

it israeli troops invaded and occupied southern lebanon in the 1980's and 1990's. there was a month-long war in the border is tense and volatile . this man always carries a pistol. >> right now it is peaceful and .ove and we can hear the birds but we always know in a minute, it could change and we need to be ready. [applause] ryan: that vigilance doesn't get y the way of a birthdarty in the backyard. this child is two today. >> must've the stress is on my family, my kids and my wife. ryan: he prefers to sleep on the side of the bed furthest from the window. by law, every house must have one ofhese. >> this is a safe room. it has double door tbecause this regular door. ryan: she grew up5 miles south of the border in haifa.

>> aeaago there was a rocket, they shot a rocket into israel. it was 3:00 a.m. in the morning. i ran with them in here. that is not normal. nolike, that is noal. ryan: not normal and not to be in -- not to be dismissed. hezbollah attacked in israeli convoy a couple months ago. defense forces says h this. bollah poses the most significant military threat along the border that israel faces today. it is a threat we are capable of dealing with but we understand almost all of hezbollah's arsenal is aimed at israeli civilians. ryan: welcome to l' in israel's apple capital. for all this wall's height, they can't of skier hezbollah property. -- obscure hezbollah prop --

property. >> you have a picture of your enemy over your shoulder. how does that make you feel? >> weird. but behind my back, so i try not to make him affect my life. ryan: little do they know, the real threat could come from under their feet. >> theth tunnel came from house straight to us, into my ryan: from lebanon? >> from lebanon to israel. didn't have a clue. a feways after that, the army said no one goes in. ryan: while hezbollah can tunnel from lebanon here, iwiisn't easy soil this rocky. to the south, it is a different story. this is the closest town in israel to the gaza strip. it is atz kib with a suburban

feel. at its edge, and imposing iron fence that separates israel from gaza. no one moves here without attracting the military's ioatte. they found us in minutes. on the other side of the fence, the site of the israeli airstrike earlier today that killed a leader of palestinian islamic jihad, and militantgr p israel blames for recent violence. his wife was killed, and therefore children were reportedly injured in the attack. this is one of the most densely populated neighborhoods in what is already one of the most crowded strips of land in the world. in 2014, the area was a most completely destroyed by militants who control gaza fighting door-to-door in the streets, part of a month-long war. more than 150 rockets have been fired at israel from gaza since

the killing, including this one captured by a traffic camera. >> a few years ago, different. we used to go to gaza freely. ryan: this man raised a family here and used to have friends there. >> i had friends in gaza for a few years. i got married in 1983. i invited five palestinians to my wedding. and they came to my wedding. ryan: that i was beforesrael started building this 37 mile-long wall. in 19 it is hamas's tunnels that worry him the most. the grouhas used tm to launch surprise attacks inside israel with aed squads of militants. >> you have rocks, you have sirens. when they dig a tunnel, hamas can gout and it can be a big disaster. to me, i insist on staying here,

grow our crops here. because this is our home. ryan: the rumble of trucks are a clue this is no normal home. israel is expanding the wall underground, pouring concrete up p to a reported 200 feet d places to prevent tunneling. >>ha it must be saidyou have to have a fence and a deep wall with your neighbor. >> i'm sure one day, we will live with them in peace. i believe most of the people in gaza strip want to live a normal life, like us. ryan: this person get therapy to deal witstress of rocket attacks. he says he is fine now but it is apparent -- >> has the stress of living here affected your kids? >> yes. my little daughter has ptsd.

when there is a sirenalof her body is shaking for a long time. heeven afteriren finishes, she is stillhaking. it could be one hour, two hours. ryan: he knows the price of wael between isrand hamas. he is the mayor here and he shs me a rocket proof school and takes me to the place that forever chand his life. he was trying townestore his t's power. it was less than an hour before a cease-fire would take hold, inging the 2014 hamas-israel war to a close. a rocket to the lives of his two hifriends and two legs. >> the rocket came from there. it came from there and fell between my legs and i think that was my luck. ryan: rehab and learning how to walk again followed.

even if it is, he had something to say. -- even after this, he had something to say. >> if we want to have a good life, they should have that too.. i'm not talking about peace today. i'm talking about ling alongside one another. i think this is the important message to come out from this specific point where i am anng, the point where i lost two friends and two leg the most important thing is that our children have a future. ryan: whatever happens in the future hinges on israel's frontier. >> it is very explosive. it could erect tomorrow. -- erupt tomorrow. was -- retired genera once headed military intelligence. he runs israel's leading tank.ary intelligence think >> there's leeway for some

activities and ty hope it won't reach the point of escalation. t is is a basis for miscalculation, which would lead us to another clashan between hama it -- and israel. ryan: this man's mother has a fortified underground shelter for when her son's won't suffice. rockets have rained down on them for two generations. during the israeli invasion in 1982, she wants spent two months in the bunker. now, she worries more than she used to. grandmothers do. you have lived here for four years, now you are a grandmother. >> it is different. maybe i will have five or six grandchi tren. i need e care of them. . spend a lot of time during the we i don't know what to do.

it ifrightening. ryan: a 10 minute walk away, this man laments the loss of apple trees. pulled up to c ise a tunnel. t is nothing compared to the damage that happened. ryan he told us that was a time when he exchanged pleasantrie i with neighbolebanon across the wall. not anymore. it is too tall. i'm ryan chilcote for the pbs newshour. judy:he battle between media giants over the future of video streaming services ratcheted up today. as john ya tells us, the walt disney company jumped in as companies are spending tens of billions to try to lock in your entertainment d. it's part of our ongoing series on arts and culte, "canvas"

>> a highly anticipated new star warsff spino, "the mandalorian," was today's debut offering of the walt disney company's new streaming service, disney plus. but the launch of the latest entry in the intensifying streaming wars w not without s itches. userwere greeted by long loading pages and error messbles that disneed on higher than expected dend. disney plus boasts programming from across the media giant's brands. marvel and star wars movies, pixar animation, fox tv shows and classic disney films.d the intructory price, $6.99 per month. gsney enters an ever-grow field. >> the part that you guys don't realize is you don' have the power anymore. and frankly, i have let you bozos handle this long enough. >> earlier this month, apple jumped in with nine new programs

on apple tv plus, spending about $240 million alone f seasons of "the morning show," starring jennifer aniston, reese witherspoon and steve carrell. more new shows and original movies are expected in coming months. two moreewcomers are to debutne year. >> are you ready to see something diffent? >> hbo max from at&t's warner media will offer all of hbo's content. and nbc universal'eacock" will include longtime favorite nbc ows like "the office." they are all taking on lo-established rivals. netflix and amazon prime bothbr have vast ies of content and tens of millions of subscribs. >> theyiv should have never us uniforms that they didn't want us to be an army. >> and hulu, also controlled by disney, has madelf name for itith shows like "the handmaid's tale." the big question is how many ofn thesservicesmers pay for

seven dollars to $15 per month.m tv critic eric deggans follows heall this from npr anoins us in florida. what is going on? why all the streaming services now? >> people are drowning in television. there are a few differ things going on. there it -- there are a lot of media companies that doi't want toout on the streaming revolution. they realize this is a major way that people are choosin to experience television and they want to carve out a piece of that andnt they o control it. so in the past, they may have sold reruns shows, valued shows to netflix, "the office" and "friends" and shows like that, but they realized that was making netflix three powerful

and allowing netflix to control nda huge corner of the tvtry and dictate terms in a way, how much shows are wth. some of these companies decided to pull back and build streaming services around those episodes so they can control their own platforms, they can control their owniece of this medium. hethe reason is, it is a part of some of these media companies' strategy to lure customers into a universe of media products that are all connected to their company, so for apple tv plus, if you get involved with apple tv plus, it encourages you to become a part of the apple family. maybe you watch it on an apple ipad or an apple laptop. maybe you use apple software in order to engage. mae you buy an apple tv device to watch apple tv plus original programming. it makes you a part and

connected to the company and away you otherwi wouldn't be. >> are we seeing a shift from cable to's -- to streaming like we saw a shift to cable from air years ago i have talked often about what i call on demandttitude amongst nsumers. people want to have tv content when they want it, where they want it, how they wanted. and cable tver o more flexibilityt from broadc television. you could see more things and there was more chance that you might stumble on som you wanted and some cable systems gave you some on-demand programming, but streaming gives you even more flexility. you can buy smaller bundles of channels, services that are directly tailored to the content start and stop subscriptions with a few clicks of the mouse. and you get content that you cah

watch on youe, that you can watch on your ipad or on your laptop whenever and wherever you are. ow>> should consumers think about navigating this new marketplace of streaming services? >> i did a piece for npr.org can pick the streaming service you want. one of the things you have to do is be honest about what you watch. i encourage people to do, like how nutritionists tell you to figure out aieting diary to see what you actually eat. chite down when you eat l and dinner i expect you should wte down what you watch on television. don't try to guess. actually write down what you watch. when you watch law and order reruns, honest about what you watch. when you have a sense of what y,you are watching day-to- week to week, you can cobble together a strategy f what kind of streaming services that

-- will get the most of whatou want to watch. you shouldn't be shy about trying services and dropping them if they don't wor a lot of services have aeek free trial. sometimes you can try them for a month. you pay six dollars on dollars and you get a month plus service and you can drop it if is not working. are used to in the past, having tv structures that are pretty permanent. a you put up an ante you buy cable service or you buy netflix and you don't do anything else and you just experience whatever that platform delivers to your home. butl now, you have more cont than ever as a consumer. it means you have do more work, you have to do some research and figure out what you want to watch,ou how muchant to spend on the streaming services and you have to try them. once you put together an ecogy of me to go -- media outlets, you will be more satisfied with the media you consume and i bet you will spend less money.

>> eric, thanks very much. >> thank you. judy: tune in later tight on pbs. frontline presents "kids caught in the crackdown." the joint investigation by frontline and the associated press exposes the traumatic stories of migrant children detained as a result of president ump's immigration policies. online, get all of our coverage on the impeachment hearig s, includr newsletter dedicated to the topic. we deliver the latest news and key moments right to your inbox. you can nd the link to subscribe at pbs.org/newshour/ politics. that is the newshour forgh to join us online andoi us tomorrow.

tomorrow morning starting at 10:00 a.m. eastern, join us for special live coverage of the first public impeachment hearing. for all of us at the pbs newshour, ank you and see you soon >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by b nsf railway. consumer cellular. the ford foundation, working with visionaries on the front lines of social change worldwide. carnegie corporation of new york,uprting innovations in education, democratic engagement and the advancement of in arnational pea security, at carnegie.org. and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, iswhicesponsible for its caption content and accuracy.]

♪ >> this program was made possible by the corporatn for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station by viewers like you. this is pbs newshour west from weta studios in washington and from our bureau at the walter cronkite school of journalism at arizona state university. ♪

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