amna: good evening. on the newshour tonight -- >> do not worry. i will be fine for telling the amna: the impeachment hearings. e day three features rst witnesses who listened to president trump's phone call. we break down the highlights and why they matter. splus, race matteutions. as hate crimes rise, teachers delop tools to stop white nationalists from recruiting their studts. >>re we a talking about young people who don't yet have full formed views and opinions about the world. that is a big reason why white nationalists are working to recruit them. amna: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour.

♪ >>ng major fundi for the pbs newshour has been provided by -- >> consumer cellular offers no coract wireless plans to help thu do more of thgs you enjoy. our u.s.-based customer service team is here to help find a plan that fits you. >> bnsf railway. and with the ongoing support of these institutions. this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and bynt butions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. amna: the third day of public

impeachment hearings brings four witnesses before the u.s. house intelligence committee. we hear testimony from individuals on the call between esidentrump and ukraine's leader at the center of the inquiry. again, wsee criticism of the witnesses as they testify from thtw official white houster account. here to break it down and look at the matter, lisa desjardins at the pital. yamiche alcindor is at the white house. ck schifrin is with me at the table. lisa, those first witnesses we heard from today were both on that call in july between president trump and president zelensky that prompted the whistleblower's report. let's take a quick listen to what those witnesses, alexander of inman and jennifer williams, had to say. >> i was concerned by the call. what i heard was inappropriate.

i forwarded my concerns to mr. eisenberg. it is improper for the president government investioreign political opponent. i was also clear that if ukraine pursued an investigation -- it was clear that if ukraine pursued an investigation, it would be interpreted as a partisan play. t is would undoubtedly res ukraine losing bipartisan support, undermining u.s. national security. i want to emphasize to the mmtee that when i reported my concerns on july 10 and july 25, i did so out of a sense of duty. >> approximately how many cls between the president of the united states and foreign leaders had you listened to? >> roughly a dozen. >> had you ever heard a callli this?

>> i believe what i found unusual or different was the president's reference to specific investigations. th struck me as different. >> you testified thatt you thou was political in nature. why did you think that? >> i thought that the references tond specificiduals and investigations,viuch as former president biden and his son , struck me as political in nature given that thesiormer vice pnt is a political opponent. amna: lisa, you were in the hearinroom. lieutenant colonel of inman is onilhe national security cou staff. jennifer williams is aid to vice president pence. both witnesses wmoe called by ats. why? lisa: democratsry areg to focus on what they see as a central piece of evidence. yhere t have the first two

people we've hrd from publicly who listened in on that call and the democrats point here is both officials who were not politically appointed and immediate concerns. democrats also raised today throughout the hearings that those individuals raised their concerns very quickly. that sound that you juster play, jennilliams' conclusion that this was political. it is not just about asking for investigations. it is about his motivation there you have a professional staffer sing that she felt when the bidens were mentioned, p was political because it was an opponent of tsident. that is the core of the case that make for impeachment.o amna: and that brings us to both of those witnessesuse.

testified they had concerns out the president's behavior on that call. yamiche: this is problematic for the white house. before today, republicans and the president were making t case that these were not people that were on the call. day changed that. these were people that ard president trump on phone calls with foreign leaders and felt that the july 25 pho call was unusual and improper. the white house has basically had the stance that no one should come before congress. these two people come before congress to air their grievances. the president has been attacking these individuals, but both of them said, we are n he for one party or another. we are here out of a sense of duty. president trump said he thought republicans did very well when it came to questioning.

the president is pushing back on this nrative that they have star witnesses amna: for anyone who wasn't able to followlo, lieutenant colonel vindman began the day bc includingof his personal story in his opening statement. nick schifrin, vindman was featured in a can burnsdo mentary at one point. his family story was, rather. let's listen to that and hear what lt. col. vindman had to say. >> and then we went to -- >> our motr died, so we went to italy. then we came here. >> when my father was 47 years old, he left behind his entire lifed and the only home he ever known to start over in the ited states so his three sons could have a better and safer life.

his courageous decision inspired a deep sense ofti gde and instilled in us a sense of duty and service. l ree of us have served or are currently serving in the military. my little brotheto is behind me y. our collective military service is a speal part of our family history. i also recognize that my simple act of appearing here today, just like the courage of my colleagues whoulave also trut testified, would not be tolerated in many places around the world. ina, rus my act of expressing concern in an official and private channel would have severe repercussions and testimo public involving the president would surely cost me my life. i'm grateful for my father's brave act and for the privilege of being an american citizen anu ic servant, where i can live free of fear for mine and my

family safety. dad, i'm sitting hu.e today in th capitol, talking to our that you made the right decision to leave the soviet union, come to the uted states in search of a better life. do not worry. i will be fine for telling the truth. amna: it was a compelling .ment, compelling testimo what do we know about him? nick: he and his brothers we sns in the can bocumentary are jewish immigrants from the former soviet union. the father that he mentions came to the united states a with $700 ca nothing else and has seen his sons grow into members of the national security staff. clieutenantonel vindman is in the army, the closest thing the

army has two diplomats. in vindman's case, ukraine and russia. these people are groomed to be defense at ashtrays, to serving embassies. that goes to some of the officers, which is language. and russian. ukrainian the military is proud to have these people. the military finds that these people are incredibly important. the language, the area expertise, and they groom them to be stars within the litary. the defense secretary recently came out to defend vindman. there was some concern that vindman would speak out against the president. the secretary said thatou vindmn n't have any fear of retaliation at all. the military defending him and later in hismo tes, vindman

was asked, why are you willing to cticize the commander-in-chief, and why did you tell your dad not to worry? his simple answer, this is america, thiac is a where i can speak out. amna: striking to say he will be fine for testifying in this wa yamiche, you've got some additional reporting. are there concerns about any fallout, any repercussions for speaking as he did today? yamich sources close to lt. col. vindman tell me that an official from the army has called his family and reassured them that lt. col. vindman will not face any retaliation. my lt. col. vindman is essentially deployed to t white house.he's not someone whd worked for the white house as a political appointee. this is in some ways part of his service as an army officer.

this is a sort of deployment to him. the army is under so much pressu that they want to reach out to him and say, in your time where you are putting yourself out there and testifying publicly, we want you to know we have your back. it is al important that vindman really put his story as an immigrant, his fami story at the center of his testimony today. critics of the president say this is a president who has real issues when it comes to immigration, who has challenged the idea of welcoming immigranos , an you have a lieutenant army colonel coming to the congress and saying, this is my duty as an american, to tell you i have concerns. i can't underscore enough ho important th is, and that the army wanted to make sure he knew that military agency has his back. amna: it is worth notinghat he

took some tough questions from republican members of congress today. let's play a quick exchange, show some of those quest that lt. col. ndman faced. i see you are wearing your dress uniform.t knowing t is not the uniform of the day, and you normally wear a suit to the wte house, i think it is a great reminder of your military service. these are my father's air force wings. he pilot in world war ii. one military family to another, thank you and your brothers for your service. very quickly, i'm curious, when the ranking member referred to you as mr., vindmu quickly corrected him, lieutenant col. vindman. do you insist on civilians calling you by your rank? >> representative stuart, i'm in orun wearing my military ra. i thought it was appropriate to stick with that. >> i'm sure it meant no

disrespect. >> thettks that i've had in the press, inwitter, have kind of eliminated the fact, either marginalizing me as a military officer or -- >> i'm just telling you that the ranking member meant no disrespect. >> i believe that. >> i don't know him. id understomebody had the misfortune of calling him mr. and he corrected them. i understand now he wears his uniform. i don't know vindman at all. what i do know is that even he said that the transcript was correct. amna: that was president trump when he was askedt. aboutol. vindman. what did you make of the way the president and the whe house responded to his testimony? yamiche: the preside was trying to put some distance between him and army colone the president has been lashing

out at vindman, so he was really we saw the official white house twitter account go after vindman, quoting a superior saying that he had questions about his jument. vindman said, i have evaluation from work that says i'm a very good army officer and have good remarks. the white house -- the president went after him. republicans largely didn't go after vindman's character, but thede pre has been consistent in going after him. the president was saying, i understand that he might be in the army, so y saw the president trying to walk a fine line but the president has been tweeting over the last couple days, even weeks, that he is very angry at vindman and wanted to disparage his character. amna: lisa, republicans spent a vindman.ningt. col.

talk to me about their strategy in the moment. lisa: i think republicans know that lt. col. vindman is strong, but ey wanted to question his credibility on a number of leve. and i think part of that was talking to one republican lawmak, a staffer maybe who went overboardn his theory. they raised questions about how his i coworkers have seen h the past. brought one oan his past evaluations. democrats have always seen vindman's testimony as the strongest. itli was important for repns to say, we are going to question his, credibiliut also his function in the white house. vindman said, i've prepared many documents for him, i am a staffer, but republicans are trying to show this is not the

direct link democrats say it is. amna: there was another tense moment in the back-and-forth there in republican questioning of lt.ol.indman when it looked like they were getting towards the identity of th whistleblower. chairman schiff had intervene at one point. explain to us what happened in the moment. lisa: exactly right. lt. col. vindman is thought by many to be a person who probably briefed the whistleblower. we know the whistleblower was not actually on the original call. we know that lt. col. vindman did brief others and the idea from republicans is, they want to know who the whistlebwer is because they question whether democrats say republicans just want to out this person for political reasons. republicans today were going

asking lt. coof vindman, who did you brief? that is information democrats believed could reveal the whistleblower. vindman said he does not know who the istleblower i but he didn't say whether he has suspicions of who it could be. he did say he's following guidance of the committee to not talk about this. that is something republicans object to. amna: thatti was the tny from this morning. this afternoon, we saw two witnesses, one of whom had a few things to say about bidens and about the ukrainian company that hunter biden served on the boarof. let's listen to what he had to say. >> there is a history of corruption in ukraine. there is a history with the company. that is well known. there is a separate allegation

about the vice president acting inappropriately. his son was a board member of this company. those things i saw as completely distinct. what i was trying to do was to thread a needle, to see whether things that th can do that are appropriate and reasonable as part of ukraine'policy of fighting corruption that help clarify it for our president, that they are committed to that very effort. there is a way to thread that needle. i thought it was worth the effort to try to solve that problem. ofow understand that most the other people didn't see or didn't consider this distinction. amna: we heard ambassador volker say that a few times, thading the needle. what did you make of his testimony? nick: this is the failure of traditional diplomacy and e mptr of irregular policy when it comes to ukraine. burisma, the largest energy company in ukrainenotoriously

corrupt. after 2014 when the brits and d in and tried t help with corruption, the first company of brits investigated there was a ukrainian investigation into risma that got stopped. joe biden's son, hunter biden, was on the board of burisma while the vice president was working on ukraine policy. what trump, what ambassador for court -- ambassador volker is trying to say is that he thought they should investigate burisma and ukrainians. what the president was trying do s investigate burisma in order to investigate hune r biden and den. it is the difference between the trump administration policy of investiging corruption in ukraine and president trump's own policy when it comes to who to investigate in ukraine.

volker admitted today that he failed. he said he should have realized that other people weren't making a distinction and that for other people burisma meant biden. the person he failed to convince was president trump. he admitted that he should have and he would have done policy different. the story of why we are here is that that distinction was ver made. amna: that was one piece of testimony. morrison, os tim the national security council. let's take a listen to part of his testimony. >> on september 7, you spoke again to ambassador sumlin, who told you he had just gotten off the phone with president trump, right? what did the ambassador tel you that president trump said to him?

>> if i recall, this was where the ambassador related tha there was no quid pro quo, that prident zelensky had to make the statement. >> by thatoint, did you understand that the statement lated to the biden and 2016 investigations? >> yes. >> and that was essentially a condition fory the secur assistance to be released? >> i uerstood that is what ambadlador sd believed. amna: what did you make of that exchange? lisa: that was a very important exchange. you will hear a lot about that tomorrow when mr. sandlin testifies. tim morrison is recalling a conversation that ambassador sandlin testified. it is an important conrsation. sumlin has basically said

there's a connection between security assistance and the investigation. sound land said he didn't recall that connection. that is important testimony. it has been a day of ups and downs i think we are going to get more of that tomorrow. amna: we are going to hear from ambassador sondland tomorrow. what are we expecting? lisa: -- yamiche: ambassador sondland is going to be in some waystn a str s for both sides. both sides don't exactly know what they might get out of him. but both of them desperately want to ask him questions. he was in direct contract with h president trump multiple times. this is about the democrats wanting to overthrow the 2016 election according to

republicans and wanting to get president trump out of office, sondland donate more than a million dollars to presidenl trump's politi campaign. he was appointed ambassador the european union. we have to watch how ambassador sondlandnswers some of these questions. he said that he told ukrainian officials, we need to get this investigation started in order for you to get that military aid. tomorr is going to be, probably if not one of the most importantays, possibly the most important day. amna: another busy day on capitol hill. thanks, yamiche alcindor, alicia de chardin, and nick schifrin. ♪

amna: the judiary committee is responsible for deciding if impeachment charges will be brought against the president. we turn now to two members of that committee. first up, republican congressman mike johnson. thank you for being wit me today. over three days of tyttimony, has ng that you have heard or seen in any of the transcripts moved the needle for you on the decision to bring charges or not? rep. johnson: it hasn't yet. high degree of frustration among members of the house judiciary committee. we are the committee that has appropriate jurisdiction, but that jurisdiction was effectively taken away from us and yielded to thtee other comm. even though i the ranking member of the constition subcommittee, i've not had the opportunity to review all the idence that has been gathered

in the secret hearings. what we've seen publiclriand the trans that have been released, i think what we ares havingdebate about individuals' opinions who didn't speak dirtly with the president, who are talking about a transcript that haery american the option to read. no one has said the transcript inaccurate. i haven't seen anything that rises to the level of impeachablconduct. amna we will be hearing from people as the inquiry moves on. i want to ask about testimony from today. adambass kurt volker. he defended vice president biden. he said he did not believe he was corrupt in his dealings with ukraine. yat d make of his testimony? rep. johnson: i didn't hear all of it. we had other committee hearings today. i heard a snapshot, a summary of what he said. his personal opinion about joe

biden is not really relevant to what is going on here today. iteoesn't h much to do with impeaching the president of the united states. is is a predetermined political outme. i think everybody can acknowledge it. there was a vote in december of 2017 where 58 house democrats went on record to say they wanted to beginprmpeaching the ident. they changed the narrative many times sin then until now. there's been different different narratives, different theories. theyg are all tryo get to the same end, to get rid of donald trump. theounders had impeachment listed as something that would be exceedingly rare. ini what they are doing is frustrating the american people. amna: let me ask you about something we did hear about, during the testimony of lieutenant colonel vindman. you and your republican

colleagues sent a letter to chairman nadleresterday expressing concerns about his credibility. it seemed like a good portion of questioning o today focus that. why spend so much time attacking the credibility of lieutenant colonel vindman? rep. johnson: d i't know what the theory was behind the investment of time on that, but i do think credibility of witnesses is important. what republicans are frustrated about is the lopsided nature of these hearings. we are not able to call all the witnesses we want. we are notr allowed a pro cross-examination. witnesses have been instructed no to answer certain questions. there is a lot ofrs mem venting their frustration, trying to make sure the rule of law is comied with. i think that process is really important. it is important to know where a witness is coming from.

my concern is tha he's talking about these notions and ideas president himself.ith the ambassador sondland who had a is direct conversation with the ndpresidente said, what do you want from ukraine, and he said, i want them to do the right thing -- that is pretty clear to me. that is why the presidentmu haso confidence in the transcript. amna: you spoke about potential witnesses. the president has said that he would strongly consider providing written answers. would you recommend that he do at? rep. johnson: i'm not his counsel. i used to be a lawyer, but i'm not anymore. the president is anxious, i think, to share the truth. he has been, in his view, doi that. he says its accurate, as does everyone else. if he wants to elaborate on

that, that is his cho i know his frustration. i' spoken with him myself and he shares that openly with others. amna: what many have testified to so far is that the president sought help from a foreign investigate a domesti political rival. does any part of that concern you? rep. johnson: the context is important. comingl facts are sti out.if the president was seekino root outorption and it was an effort at anticorruptio to have ukraine, who is listed as one of the most corrupt nations, to get down to the bottom of this, to ensure u.s. taxpayer dollars ar mnotspent, i think that is a commendable thing. i think hen has an obligat to do nothing less than that. amna: congressman mike johnson, republican from louisiana, thank you for your time.

and now we get a view from the other side of the aisle and the majority on the judiciary committee. democrat from the state of washington, congresswoman, welcome back. i want to a you about what several witnesses have testified to, the words improper or inappropriate in regards to the presidents behavior. there is a difference between those words and impeachable. have you seen anything so far that rises to tac level of imble? >> what really stuns me is that my republican colleagues would think that a president's actions, bribing a foreign government to interfere in ourti els by digging up dirt on a political rival and withholding aid that congress appropriates, that is taxpayer money that congress appropriated to ukrai. i can't believe that my republican colleagues are

arguing that that is not a high crime and misdemeanor. idisturbing to me to see the lengths to which the republicans are standing up for this preardent and putting over country. that is really difficult for me to understand as somebody that swore an oath to uphold and defend the constitution. i think it is a day that they can listen to all this stimony which provides corroborating revenue -- evidence from people who were on that call with president trump. over and over, evidence thatpr shows thident has betrayed national security and violated amna: you mentioned the word bribery. speaker pelosi said that testimony corroborated evidence of bribery. is it a bribery charge with which you plan to move forward? rep. jayapal: we don't know exactly what the charges will

be. our role now is to wait and get the reports from the different committees. we will have due process. the presidents council will be able to testify if he wan to. then we will look at all that and decide if we are going forward with iment articles and what those articles will be. the evidence ismi d, but the thing that is most damming is thst testimony from the earl witness. that was donal trump. he himself said, this is what i did. i withheld aid, i went and asked for an investigation from a very fragile country. let's no forget the situation ukraine is indo and what thi to our leadership role in the world when you have the most porful country essentially saying, i'm not goingago give you thyou need, much less

a meeting at the white house, unless you agree to investigate my political rival. amna:e letk you about something else. the house is investigating whether president trum lied to inecial counsel robert mueller during the russistigation. could what has been covered in that pbe become part of impeachment proceedings? rep. jayapal: everything is on the table. we are trying to make sure we get all the facts that we need. at the same time, we understand that speed is of the essence and we are going to take the things most unfolding in fro of us. there is evidence that was b presented to robert mueller. i question robert mueller directly on the charges of witness intimidation and tampering. these things that we are seeing inai u are part of a pattern. a continual pattern of the president acting in a certain

way. witness intidation, lying, obstruction of justice, these are all patterns. amna: by saying everything is on the table, do youry w it plays into the accusation that this is a witchhunt? rep. jayapal: no. when i say everything is on the e haven'tm saying w prejudged any outcomes. the facts and the truth, i that what these witnesses have been about. we are waiting to get the information from the committees. but i just have to tell you that -- and think the ultimate articles, should there be any, will be narrow and targeted. we understand that this is about the constituti. it is not about whether we like the president's policies. it is about the constitution. and whether he has betrayed the constitution. that is what we will be focusing on. amna: you pmised due process.

you've said that time is of the essence. veyou' got two more days of public hearings. five more witnesses, then what? p. jayapal: i think the timeline is as it unfolds. that is not a very satisfying answer, but i think we want to be sure that we are getting the fullnformation. so we will wait for them to rapid up. i ll say that what is so compelling about these witnesses is how credible they are. a decorated purple heart lt. col. that testified today. dedicated career servants who have testified. they are adding color and corroborating the story. the facts a still the facts. they haven't really changed substantially. there will be a point at which adam schiff says, i think we've got what we need, and tells the

complete story. amna: congresswoman jaya paul, thank you very much for your time. rep. jayapal: thaam you. continues tomorrow and thursday starting at 9:00 a.m. easalrn, 8:00 cen check your local tv listings and also find us streaming online. ♪ stephanie: good evening. i'm stephanie sy. we will return right after the latest headlines. israel carried out what it called a counterattack in syria early wednesday. the israeli military said it struck aozens of irani syrian military targets in response to rocket fire. syria's state news said air

defensestr ded most of the incoming missiles over damascus. the u.s. senate has unanimously passed legislation supporting the pro-democracy protests in hong kong. china's foreign ministry said the u.s. should stop interfering in its affairs. today a handful of protesters were besieged by polic last night, some tried to escape.others walked out wearins and emergency blankets. some wrote sos on the ground. police have already arrested more than 1000 people since the siege began. multiple news reports say that a navy seal who received support from president b trump m ousted from the elite commando force. rear admiral colin greene is ordering a review board to look dwat the case ofd gallagher. president trump restore' gallaghes rank.

the military jury acquitted him murder, but convicted him of a lesser charge. governor gavin newsom took steps today totr rt oil and gas exploration in california. he annoued the state will not approve new fracking projects untilts per are reviewed by an independent panel. he m issued atorium against a similar process for drilling oil. the oil industry saying the actions will only lead to more foreign oil imports from places with lesser environmental safety standards. icpu school teachers in indiana surrounded the state capital builng today. the educators demanded a hike in pay andst end to usinent test scores to evaluate teachers. the scale of the protest forced nearly half of indiana school districts to close for the day. the house of representatives has approved short-term spending to prevent a government shutdown. it would keeps federal agenc

running through december 20, buying more time to pass a fkaal spending p. more than 100 people protesting a fuel price hike in iran have been killed in a crackdown. state tv showed empty streets with burned-out mosques andan vandalizedmachines. an internet blackout remained in force. a united nations spokesman call for tehran to explain itself. >> i would be useful to have a clearer picture. it is a very alarming situation. we would encourage states to maintain the flow of information. let's see the information. stephanie: so far the iranian

government has not given a public count of the death toll. lebanese protesters erged in beirut today, preventing parliament from meeting. scuffles broke out with riot police who tried to disperse the crowds. protesters were outraged that legislators intended to meet without discussing demand for reforms. tain afghanistan, thban freed two western hostages who had been held since 2016. american kevin king and australian timot weeks were teachers in kabul when they were kidnapped. atheir release camer the afghan government released three top taliban commders. more than 100 fires burned across australia tay, engulfing sydney in smoke. the heavy haze prompted healrn gs. air quality was 10 times the hazardous level, caused by the smoke in place.ons that

>> we've got this mix of you can see that the smoke impacted thes ity. thatcause we've got a coast of new south wales. stephanie: strong winds and drought conditions have stoked wildfires across eastern australia, destroying more than 300 homes. ♪ >> this is the pbs newshour. amna: last week the fbi reported that hate crime violence in the country y was at a r high. in 2018 there were more than 4500 suchrimes, assaults motivated in part or in whole by racial, ethnic, or ligious

bias. the u.s. commission on civil rights also reported that the highest percentage of all reported hate incidents since the 2016 election were in elementary and secondary schools. how teachers are learning to intervene earlier. it is part of our education coverage, making the grade iand the late our rac.matters seri this story contains sometr offensive anbling images. >> at schools just like southridge high near portland, oregon, educators say white nationalists are making inroads, but also infiltrating nationwide fromnle, co-opting otherwise intecent images like helic and the ok sign, incorpoting them into racist images and videos. and they are showing up alongside more familiarate

symbols in unlikely places. >>gh live tonit in newport beach with that story. reporter: a swastika made out of red solo cups at a higpa school y in california. nazi salutes. the oke sign, which se as a hand sign for white power. >> it is not specifically alt right. it can be used in that way. reporter: high school senior tristian says many young people are sucked in. >> people treat it almostng in a joanner. like, i don't know, black people are ruining theountry, stuff like that. i've seen w iterations of the n-word, portraying it like a funny joke. reporter: online forums can one student told us that ar.

friend even communicated with the christchurch new zefland shootere he murdered 51 people. the student thinking it was a joke. and second shootings. but he didn't know this was happening. he was like, the second shooting has commenced. he heabout it and was like, that was real? reporter:ou atridge, students recently spray-painted the football field with swastikas. schoolfficials investigated, but never found the culprits. >>ew i'mh and i'm also black stu seeing that kind of and knowing i go to school with these people scares me. >> you are the target oftentimes. you are the target demographic when people want to change the futu. reporter: that is patrick griffin, a southridge social studies teacherho started

oking for ways to fight back when stereotypes made their way in his classroom. he soon found a toolkit online called confronting white nationalism in schools, written in part by the nonprofit western state center. there have been over 5000 requests for the toolkitor from educataround the world. thank you so much for joining us. i want to start with you, patrick. can you tell m what was it that initially set off an alarm bell for you when you heard things that were frightening or threatening? >> for me, it comes in several parts. all these inances of violence the ideology of whi nationalism, it is affecting my they are talking about it. some of them are scared about it. reporter: for example?

>> we might be having conversations about nationalism in class. these conversations were happening within the curre political climate. so we start talking about cuent events and the most recent presidential election and whatnot. and i would have some studentswh e faces would fall and whose eyes would disengage. the other hand, i've got other students who are feeling safe to engage in conversatioay in a healthy feelilso had students safe to engage in the conversation in some unhealthy ways because ty were really happy about the growing movements of taking america back to a very white place. so, does anybody have any resources i could use? in.orter: this is where you come there does seem to be ae rise in wh supremacist speech.

how is it that you came to deal with that and what did you come up with? >> white nationalists and alt-right movements are intentionallyg recruiting yo people. the editor a neo-nazi website has written that he designed his website to recruit childn as young as 11 years old. we are talking about young people who don't yet have fully formed views and opinions about theor and that is a big reason why white natiorilists and alt groups are working to recruit them. reporter: so you've come up with this kit that you've used in your classes. >> this toolkit provides some context and some ge dance around sue of white natnalists

andf alt-right recruitment young people. it also provides a number of scenarios, possible things that might happen in a school community. reporter: it also contains definitions and a roadmap to alt-rightymbols to help teachers, administrators, and community members strip the secrecy from white nationalism. >> i like using the toolkit in my classroom with my lesson plan for definitions or scenarios. the toolkit has been useful in conversations in the hallways with students. we are also using the toolkit to create advisory lesson plans that the entire student body will be using. >> one thing the toolkit tries to do is empower students, but it is not their responsibility to take this o

there are adults in the community. it is our job to take this on. reporter: the students that you are talking with, do they understand, especially those who are embracing whi nationalists tropes, how do you deal with them andrent them from moving in tvi direction of ence? >> if a kit is going through mathat, you have t them feel valued, loved, part of the community. so much of this is isolation that they are feeling, while also educating about the greater context. reporter:ts reaching studn your classroom doesn't addry s what te getting at home. how do you deal with that? >> for people who are deeply involved in white nationalism, th is not for them, but it also, we hope,p ill heate communities that are openly talking about issues of white

nationalism, white supremacy, racial justice, and reinforcing values that include everyone. reporter: how hopefre you that the extremism that this toolkit is trying to address can be contained or even defeated? are you hopeful at all or is it just moving too fast? >> i have a t of reasons to not be hopeful. that said, i have tolot of reasone hopeful. these kids are willing to engage inhese conversations in a manner that don't think some previous generations have been. if you just keep doing it, eventually you get a new generation in charge and t i supposre's a lot of hope there. reporter: let's hope for the hope. with patrick griffin and lindsay shubin are, thank you for joining us. all the best with your work in

the future. >> thank you. ♪ amna: before we go tonight, a story that is all the buzz. detroit is known for the rhythms motown and automobile plants. we nonprofit is adding a sound, buzzing bees. spial correspondent maryellen giese reports. reporter: detroit is buzzing thanks to timothy paul jackson and nicole lindsay. they are the founders of detroit ve a nonprofit that is transforming droit's vacant spaces. >> i saw an announcement where the city is looking for sints and nonprofit organizations to take back vacant lots. reporter: they considered several options, including a peacock farm and urn campsite, but a health issue ledto jackson discover the medicinal properties of honey, and that

asparked his curiosiut beekeeping. >> she made a suggestion. how about we transform a vacant lot into a bee farm? >>hi when you about bees, they don't go hand-in-hand with the urban enerronment. repo detroit's 75,000 vacant lots can be problematic for mans, but they are paradise for bees. there are now cmunity gardens, ba farms, and flowering plants. the perfect place for bees to gather the pollen they need for honey. >> when we think abou developing our communities, we don't include nature. but it is becoming this uan type of city. we can incorporate i natureour city. and they can actually thrive. reporter: lindsayac andon are working to revitalize vacant lots and expand to 200 hives,

making the land beneficial to residents by increasing food security. we don't have access to fresh organic food. where you have hives, you are guaranteed to see an increase in your yield. that is why we partner with community gardens. reporter: lindsay and jackson are dedicated to using bees to teach conservation and sustainability to chdren. >> it gives us an opportunity to teach our youth about natur actually tell them, youdehould grow g in your yard, tell your parents not to spray emicals. so we can see more of this thriving. >> we can measure our ieract. repo and it is about keeping detroit buzzing about its future. for the pbs newshour, maryellen giese in detroit, michigan. amna: w a swe to end the show. that is the newshour for

tonigh i'm amna nawaz. join us online and again here tomorrow for special coverage of the impeachment heari perhaps one of the most significant witnesses yet gu.s. ambassaddon sondland. for all of us here at the pbs newshour, thank you. we will see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by bnsf railway. consumer cellular. the ford foundation. working with visionaries on the front lines of sociale cha worldwide. ocarnegie corporatinew york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advcement of international peace and security. an with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions.

this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station thank you. like you. >> this is pbs newshour west, from weta studios in washington and from the walter cronkite school of joualism at arizona ate university. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy]

♪ >> pati narrates: el fuerte's one of mexico's magical town much of that can be attributed to the majesty of the city's ancient architecture whi dates l of the first conquistadors to the region. once an important stop on the trade route from the cific ocean in north america, el fuerte is named for this fort built by those earlconquistadors! this is not my first time here. years ago, a family vacation on the chepe express, a passurger train carrying ists to mexico's copperl anyon stped in eerte. and this, the posada hotel, was the highlight. toda a i'm retracing my s getting a walking tour packed with flavor. at the posada hotel, the house specialty.