caning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening, i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight, in the hot seat. senators grill the department of justice top watchdog over hisru report on thssia probe. then, the jeey city shooting. what we know so far about yesterday's hours-long gun battle between two attackers and the police. plus, britain and the ballot. ahead of tomorrow's general election, citizens of a divided kingdom weigh their options as brexit looms. t i just feel it's one of worst times in british politics and we're at a situation where everyone seemso be fightinges for themsenstead of working collectively to do the best thing for the country. >> woodruff: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour.

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>> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: the origins of the russia investigation were under the microscope today on capitol hill. the department of justice's inspector general sat for a day-lo hearing about his recent report examining accusations of political bias in the f.b.i., and how the bureau months of the probe.the early e lliam brangham reports. >> brangham: befe senate judiciary committee today, diametrically opposed views about one of the most controversial and sensitive f.b.i. invesgations in recent history. i

>> theno deep state. simply put, the f.b.i. investigation was motivated by facts, not bias. >> the system failed. people at the highest level of our government took the law into their own hands. today was michael tz, theness department of justice's inspector general, who detailed the findings of his over 400 page examination of "crossfire hurricane," the initial f.b.i. election meddling, and what role the trump campaign may have been playing. horowitz quickly dispelled one of president trump's main theories: that the f.b.i t launch probe to derail his >> we did not find any documentary or testimonial evidence that litical bias or improper motivation influenced the f.b.i.'s decision to conduct these operations. ai brangham: horowitz also that text messages from peter strozk, a key f.b.i. official in

the probe who repeatedly wrote derogatory things about candidate trump, also had no bearing. >> based on your investigation, personal political views expressed in text messes did not motivate the opening of the investigation of ties between trump campaign advisers and russia, is that correct? >> ultimately, we concluded that those texts messages, which we found last year were entirely inappropriate, didn't ultimately play a role in mr. priestap's decision to open an vestigation. >> brangham: but horowitz wento ontail numerous cases of errors and omissions by f.b.i.ar officials,cularly with regards to so-called "fisase warrants"to surveil trump campaign aide carter page. >> nevertheless, we foat members of the crossfire hurricane team failed to meet the basic obligation to ensureat he carter page fisa applications were "scrupulously we identified significant

inaccuracies and omissions in each of the four applicationin sevehe first fisa the final renewal application.by >> brangham: horowitz testified that these applications relied heavily on the controversial" steele dossier"et of unproven allegations compiled by former british spy christopher steele, and paid for, in part, by lawyersorking for hillary clinton's campaign. horowitz said his investigation showed that f.i. agents had evidence that steele's information was questionable, but they hid those findings. >> we are deeply concerned that so many basic and fundamental errors were made by three separate, hand-picked investigative teams; on one of the most sensitive f.b.i. investigations. the circumstance reflects a failure not just by those who prepared the fisa applications, but also by the managers and supervisors in the crossfire hurricane chain of command, including f.b.i. senior

officials who were briefed as the investigation progressed. >> former f.b.i. director jamesd comey his week that your report vindicates him. a is that a faessment of your report? found here don't vteities we anybody who touched this. >> every american really should t!be terrified by this rep >> brangham: republicans ually portrayed horowitz investigation as a deeper, damning indictment of the f.b.i. and the d.o.j.he >> are not typos, these are not small inadvertent errors. these are gresque abuse of power. >> brangham: but democrats stressed that these actions didn't betray a larger culture within t agency, and that, the broader russia investigation >> i thought it was worthg. repeating that the mueller investigation produced 37 indictments, guilty pleas and convictions, and none of those are called into question by your report, is that correct? >> we don't address that at all. >> i didn't find any conclusion that the f.b. meddled or interfered in the election to

effect the outcome. >> we did not reach that conclusion. >> brangham: given thae's a separate, ongoing investigation into the russia probe being run by u.s. attorney john durham, it's clear that the scrutiny of the f.b.i. is nowhere near over. >> woodruff: we'll have more on that story after the newsmm y. news, democrats in.s.ay's other house of representatives begin work this evening on approving two articles of impeac against president trump. thjudiciary committee will consider the twin accusations of abuse of power and obstruction of justice. committee votes could come tomorrow, sendg the articles to the full house for possible action next week.

policy bill sed the house this evening. it authorizes nearly capitol $70 billion for the fiscal year that began two months ago. major provisions include a 3% management pay raise, creation a space force, and paid parental leave for federal worthers the house also opened debate on a democratic bill aimed at lower the cost of prescription drugs. it calls for the government to directly negotiate prices of ate t 50 medicines a year. democratic leaders agreed to that number after party progressives demanded it be increased from 35. hoe speaker nancy pelosi appealed today for support across party lines. >> the burn touches every family hurting not only their health, but their fil health. there is every reason in the world for republicans to join us to pass this bill, even theid prt has supported these key provisions.f: >> woodrn the senate, republican majority leader mitcd

mcconnell has e will not bring the bill up for a vote. the u.s. justice department is appealing a federal judge's ruling that bars usingfoentagon funda southern border wall. the judge in texas blocked b $3lion in military construction money, from being diverted, unless congress approves it. the u.s. supreme court has allowed other pentagon funds to be spent on the wall, pending a legal challenge. new disclosures tonight about the deadly crash of boeing 737 max jets. it turns out the federal aviation administration predicted up to 15 more crashes, unless flight-control software was fixed. that was after the first crash, in indonesia, st year. the f.a.a. did not ground the planes until a second crash, last march in ethiopia. at a house hearing today, the agency's new head, steph dickson, declined to place blame.

>> there was information out there, but it was difficult topu the whole picture together to make a sound decision, that's absolutely something that we need to address going forward. >> woodruff: a retired boeing production manager testified today that the company put production speed over safety. in new zealand, two more people died of injuries from a volcanic eruption that caught trists by surprise. the overall death toll is now 16. the volcano, on white island, has continued to spurt steam, mud and ash nce monday's eruption. 28 people remain hospitalized, most of them badly burned. thousands of peoplmarched in algeria's capital today, calling for a boycott of tomorrow's presidential election. the crowds chaed, as security forc struggled to block them. they demanded that t ruling elite quit, and the military get out of politics. long-time president abdelaziz bouteflika was ousted in april. all five candidates running

tomorrow are linked to him. a united nations report finds protesters in iraq are facing abduction, arbitrary detention mid outright murder. the report comesa string of targeted assassinations and journalists.ivil activts and just today, 31 more protesters were wounded by security force back in this country, the federal reserve left its benchmark interest rate unchanged today. d, it indicated there might be no changes through next year. fed chair jeme powell said he sees little risk that low rates will lead to an overheat economy. >> we can sustain much lower levels of unemployment than we thought. and that's a good thing because then we don't have to worry so much about inflation and you see the benefits of that in today's labor market. f >> woodruff: t raised rates four times last year,

mefore cutting them three this year. the fed decision left wall street mostly unmoved. the dow jones industrial average gained 29 points to close at 27,911. the nasdaq rose 37 points, and, the s&p 500 added nine. meanwhile, stock in the state- owned oil giant saudi aramco went public, on the saudi exchange, and jumped 10%. that made it the world's most valuable publicly traded company, passing apple. there's wordhat hollywood producer harvey weinstein and his movie studio will settle allegations of sexual misconduct. "the new york times" reports $25 million would be divided among dozens of accusers. weinstein still faces criminal charges of rape and sexual assault. today, a judge in new yorkba increased hi five-fold, to ankle monitor deactivated.s

and, 25 films, spanning 100 years, are this year's additions to the national film registry of the library of congress. they go all the way back to a 1903 film, "emigrants landing at ellis island." oliver stone's vietnam war story "platoon" is also on the list. so are the disney classics "old yeller" and "sleeping beauty." still to come on the newshour:rt r analysis of the justice department's findings on the russia investigation. the deadly shooting in jersey city. a day later, what we know about the attack. a nobel peace prize winner, the hague, and charges of genocide-- myanmar on trial. plus much more.

>> woodruff: 434 pes, and more than five hours of live testimony. the justice department's internal watchdog, its inspectoh genera now weighed in fully, with his perspective on how the f.b.i. conducted itself in the early stages of the investigation into president trump. the senate testimony today comes dehours after pre trump reacted to the report at a campaign rally last night in pennsylvania. >> the justice department's inspector general released a report detailing the outgeuss, scandand unprecedented abuses of power. folks, they spied on our campaign, they spied the inspector general found that e fbi spying application contained 17 errors and omissions, commonly known as lies and deceit. >> woodruff: the president speaking at a rally last night.

tonight: two more perspectives. how serie his findings? and what now, for the f.b.i., and the department of justice. former federal prosecutor james usty previously served as chief of the justice section.nt's organized crime he is now an attorney in private practice. and frank montoya has served in several high-level posts in the f.b.i., including in posts overseeing counter-intelligence investigations. and we welcome you both to the newshour. thank you for beine. so my first question is to both of you, what do you make of the horwitz findings, the intaenl's findinly, that basic despite errors and mistakes that should not have been made in the f.b.i., that there was no political as behind th decision to launch this investation? frank montoya, to you first. >> i thought it was a thorough investigation. i thought it was coe, comprehensive. i also think that, you know, it poin out that it's not crime to have an opinion. i think that thies ida of bias

is a hollow claim in the sense th people are going to have those opinions, even in the f.b.i., but it's not going to stop them from being able to do their jobs objectively >> woodruff: james trusty, a hollow claim. >> i disagree pretty strongly wi frank on that. the reality is this was an extremely sensitive public corruptiwe probe. e talking about running informants and wiretaps into or around the peripheries of a presidential campaign. and we should get best of the best. we should have f.b.i. ages who e professional, who have integrity, f.b.i. lawyers who are not doctoring documents to get whwat thet. so i think it's actually a pretty bad day for the f.b.i. but i wouldn't say that as an institution. i would say it's specific individuals that were part of a culture that were a little bi reckless with their political ambitions. >> woodruff: let me stay with you, james trusty, what is it s you'ing specifically these agent did that was not acceptable and should notave happened? >> there is evidence in here of a referral, a criminal referral,

sed on an f.b.i. general counsel lawyer specifically isn't an error or a "whoops"h kind of moment-- but changing an emate substance so this thing would get through the fis courts. that's a pretty horrific moment. you have other momnts talking out insurance policies which we saw from the o..g. probe. cabeeven suggestions m knew there was an affair-- sorry, willi mccabe-- andy mccabe-- and let these things happen. it's not nevessarily that rything is criminal. it's that there is horrible judgment being brought to bear on the inv>>estigation. ay i add to that? >> woodruff: sure, of course. i want you to reminus what is the fisa court and why it matter here's? >> so to separate issues. there were, clearly, some issues in terms of misbehavior or inappropriate behavior ore misconductn, and those

things need to be addressed. but i would also add that tht has nothing to do with the bias. has everything to do with how they did not perceive in what jim says is a very sensitive investigation-- as properly as they should have. no excuses whatsoever. that neadds to be essed and it needs to be addressed appropriately. and i think what the director said a couple of days ago in ann rview, he has set forth a bunch of different activities to reform the process, to improve the process, absolutean impoto do. i would note in that regard, this is not the first time that we've ce aid puic accounting like this, and it won't be the last time. you think about theoos procedures, for instance, those came about precisely because there was ub plic accounting like this a couple decades ago. so, you know, it's important to note, yeah, there was some bis haifer, at the very leas and it needs to be addressed. as far a the importance of fisa is concerned, i mean, it's a huge investigative t when it

comes to conducting national security investigations. and a lot of that pends on public trust in terms of how effective we are in using it., s, in terms of maintaining that public trust, everything that we can do to follow the rules, to do everything by the book, to make sure that we are doing this in accordance with the law is abssolutely estial. >> woodruff: so what you're hearing, james trusty, from frank montoya is that, yes, mistakes were made, bue thy're mistakes that are being corrected, and they don't change the fundamental finding here, that this was undertaken intentionally with bias, with political leaning one way or another. >> right. well i think there's actually kind of agr middlound between saying this is a horrible report and a terrifically fulsome report, which is to point out the inspector general, really by definition, has kind of a limit todo reach. its not draw inferences. it doesn't consider circumstantial evidence. so it uses very precise words. the report saydo "we ot find based on testimony and emails" you know, bias, org act

bias. so you have very kind of nuanced limits to ho.far they rea and this is why the durham probe is going to be so impodrant-- >> wf: excuse me, that's a reference to the prosecutor in connecticut, john durham, who still has not made hisreport public. though, he had a statement to make the other day about it. interesting.ich was kind of durham and barr take offense almost to the i.g. report doesa tell me t they're sitting on some pretty important information. they have more access to inpermation than the ior general would ever have. >> woodruff: frank montoya, what about that? that we know the attorney inspector general said ands ow basically dismissed it and said nso many words, it's wrong. he still finds problems with ths russia ingation, and mr. durham, we're waiting to see what he has to say. w l, i thought what the i.g. said earlier today was really important. one,hat he was surprised tat durham even issued a statement. and, two, tht it seems le the issue surrounds whether or not this should have been-- or ther cases that oenux four or five cases that were open--

should have been preliminary investigations versus full investigations. if that is the issue, that's not very substanti, because in a counter-intelligen investigation, there's not much difference between whais a preliminary and what is a full, other than in terms of what kind es investigative techniou can use. >> woodruff: but, i mean, what about mr. trusty's point that there were limits to what the inspector neral could do? >> well, in that-- i think what he is referring to there isn terms of what kind of information the inector general could look at. he even ma that point today that he couldn't investigate attorneys, for instance. at the same time, inhe criminal inquiry, they have the ability to go outside of thert dent of justice and the f.b.i. so in terms of what information they might beollecting from other u.s. government agencies, what they may have collected p from foreirtners, yeah, it will be interesting to see what kind of information that is and how it might substantiate, or

not, the dienspute bethether or not this was a valid investigation. >> woodruff: james trusty, i hear you saying you wo see more. you want to see what the durham report says. he's a criminal prosecutor. he'll be able to get information, you believe, thatto the inspgeneral could not. >> right, a couple of quick examples. lisa page and peter strzok ha text messages on their f.b.i. devices. they were horrifying, right? they never got the personal text messages from them. so if they said these things on the f.b.i. phones,he inspector general was powerless to obtain more, durham would not be. or, similarly, glenn simpson from fusion g.p.s., which kind funded the initiation of the steele dossier, he said, "i'm not talking to you."to and the inspgeneral has to walk away from that. durham has many more powers, many more-- much more ability to actually drill down and ge that information, whether we see an actual report is going to be interestin he's not bob mueller. there's no mandate that he write a report. how much daylight his findings receive is really the big mystery that will resive some next year. >> woodruff: and finally,

frank montoya, how much amconfidence should therican people have right now in the off.i. and the departmen justice? yeah, in moments like this, that's always a difficult question to answer. i would say the vast majority of folks are doing exactly what the american public expts of them:'r thfollowing the rules. they're doing exactly what they need to do in order to protect this country. s a unique and extraordinary time in our msuntry's history in tef this particular investigation. yeah, to have questions about it is-- is-- is appropriate.u but i also say that, you know, the things that the director has said, about fixing the problem, people should also take faith in the fact that we are the ones that do these kindf nvestigations, that they should rely upon us on do them properly and correctly and to trust in that we will fix the problems that have been uncovered by the inspector general's report >> woodruff: in just a word mtrusty, should the american people have trust in the f.b.i.? recognize when there's an elite

cult that you are creates some problem flb leadership, d i think that's what we had in the f.b.i. >> woodruff: thank you, both, james trusty, and frank montoya. >> thanks. >> woodruff: a day after a shoot-out with police left six people dead in northern new jersey, law enforcemenfiand als say they are still trying to work out just what happened and why. as john yang reports, early suggestions that the shooters' anti-semitism may have motivated them, has since come intoon ques >> yang: today, new jersey vernor phil murphy sought to assure jersey ty residents that the danger is over. >> based on everything we know, there is no ongoing security concern related to the events of yesterday. >> yang: but officials said they are still asking why the kosher market was tarted. leading the investigation is

state attorney general and jersey city native gurbir grewal. >> as we speak, right now, we are working to understand the gumen's motivations and whether more were involved. >> yang: officials say yesterday's violence began at a cemetery, where jersey citypo lice detective joseph seals was killed in a confrontationwo with teople. the killers drove a stolen u- haul van, believed linked to a weekend homicide. about a mile to the kosher market, where they immediately opened fire with two long rifles. for hours, they engaged police in a fierce gun battle, making the neighborhood look like a war acne. swat officers incal gear swarmed the area. schools were put on lock down. it ended nearly three hours later when an armored police vehicle rammed the store entrance. inside, authorities found the redies of the killers and people who happened to be in the store at the time.id

officials fourth bystander was wounded and escaped. the victims in the store have been identified as 32-year-old mindy ferencz, who owned the store with her husband, and moshe deutsch, 24, a rabinnical student from brooklyn who was shopping in the store. the slain police officer, joseph seals, was 40-years-old and the father of five children, the youngest just two years old. steven fulop is mayor of jersey city and joins us from the scene of yesterday's shoot out. mr. mayor, thank you very much for joining us. first of all, our condolences and is still going through. officials earlier in their news conference were careful to say they don't knowlet motivation for this. but are you now calling this a ha i crime? >> sust want to speak for a second from the information at we've seen in jersey city, and as the grandson of holocaust survivors that emigrated to this country because it was a plce

of tolerance and acceptance, i think it's important that you call out ai-semitism for what it is, and you do that quickly and aggressively. when you look at the facts of what transpiesed yesterday, we know the people posted on social media, favorable sentiments towards groups that showed anti-semitic sentiment. we know they drove deliberately to the kosher s we know that they bypassed a lot of targets on the way. we know that they bypassed targets right next to the kosher supermarket. we know they took out long rifles across the street and coenced to fire while advancing into the supermarket. and when you think abut all of those facts on top of the fact that they had a pipe bomb in the truck showing that they had sentiment to do more damage, it's difficult to argue anything other than anti-semitic sentiment there. from my standpoint, is really important to be aggressive and deliberate when you cl that out. >> yang: but do you have any sense yet why they targeted this particular neighborhood, this particular market? well, this ishe area that has

an ult community.x jewish it's a growing community in jersey city that started to relocate here from brooklyn about three years ago. it's gro aggressively. and that supermarket was directly next door to the achiva. had the jersey city police department not responded as quickly as they dthere was a walking post a block away, and they responded and engaged the that store, i think it's fair to say that the tragedy could have been far wo so from my standpoint, you know, the facts speak to what it is,rd reg a hate crime. and it's always important to call out hate aggressively and firmly. >> brangham: you talk abut this neighborhood, the growing iceulation of orthodox described earlier bee the attorney general, this market acrossrom a catholic school down the blockrom a dominican martin luther king jr. after very diverse.

have there been tensions among the communities in this neighborhood? >> no, i mean, look, the mmunity was predominantly african american going back some time. and it's gradually been changing. there's a growing jewish community here. there's awi gro latino community in this part city. and this city predominantly-- well, the city has had-- thipas of the city has had a gun violence issue dating back several years but wee've mad huge progress in the last two years. coming into this year, homicides in jersey city were dow dramatically, shootings were down dramatically. there's probably not a city in this count that could pont to, you know, crime reduction like we were. it's not perfect, but we were maki progress. and it's just really fronts to see the goingn so many through this in such a publicwa at this point. >> yang: i imagine with the holidays coming up, this raised a lot of concerns, maybe anxieties and fears paps you walk the streets of your cit what are you hearing and what are you telling people, mr. mayor? >> well, i men, look, th

community is a loving community. it's an inclusive commity, and think most people understand that. and i don't think that the actions of of yesterday represent the sentiment in the city and everybody understands that. so we're going to pull together. we're going to be support iive of the jewish community here. we're going to be supportive of althe communities here. we'll get through it. this city has gone throhiugh har before and we will have to do it again but we'll get through it. >> yang: mayor sven fulop of jersey city. once again, our coldolences and thanks for joining us. >> thanks. >> woodruff: stay with us, coming up on theewshour: divided times in the united kingdom-- britain votes as brexit looms. and what's driving the spate of vaping-related luninjuries? a woman known as a champion of human rights spent the day in the dock, defending her nation from the most heinous and

inhumane of charges. as nick schifrin reports, it iso nt of reckoning for aung san suu kyi, and her southeast asian nation of myanmar. >> schifrin: today a beacon of human rights, defended those accused of genocide. >> surely under the cannot be the only hypothesis.t >> schifrin: nobel peace prize laureate and myanmar civilian leader aung sang suu kyi rejected charges brought by the military committed genocide against rohingya muslims in northern myanmar.us in aug2017, the myanmar military unleashed a reign of terror. the u.n. says soldiers torched rohingya villages and, in the aftermath, tortured men, killed indiscriminately, and carried out systematic sexual violence, victims of gang ra number of the rohingya have faced decades of persecution at the hands of the myanmar military, but never on ts scale. hundreds of thousands refugees have fled to neighboring

bangladesh. refugee camps use almost one million people in flimsy tents. yesterday, the gambia's lawyerpe philands called the case stark. >> the evidence before you, frankly speaking, is overwhelming. the risk of destruction of the rohingya group, in part or in whole, is very real. in light of that evidence, it cannot reasonably be argued that there is no further risk of genocidal acts. >> schifrin: the myanmar military's operation began in response to an armed rohingya today suu kyi blamitants for starting the conflict, but did admit the military could have overstepped. >> it cannot be ruleout that disproportionate force was used by members of the defense services, in some cases in disregard of international humanitarian law. there may also have been failures to prevencivilians

from looting or destroyingop ty after fighting or in abandoned villages. international criminal court had no jurisdiction, since myanmar could hold its own people accountable. ta under its 2008 constitution, myanmar has a mi justice system. criminal cases againdiers or offics for possible war crimes committed in rakhine must be invesgated and prosecuted by that system >> the suffering of the rohingya has been unspeakable. >> schifrin: wai wai nu is a rohinga activist who was thrown in jail by myanmar's military. today she joined other protestors at the hague, and called the proceedings restorative. >> it's been very long time and very severe and unimaginable and its a moment that there is moment of acknowledgement that presenting it to the court and it does actually mn a lot to the survivors. >> schifrin: but as she sutched kyi leave the court, she says the woman whom she once supported, had let her down. >> well it's very painful to

edtch a leader that we respect, the lead that o be our the nobel peace laureatey icon, defending the perpetrators of genocide. >> schifrin: this week the international court of justicell ecide whether the crimes are plausible and if it has jurisdiction, and only then will the court launch a full trial, which could take years. the hague?aung san suu kyi at for further exploration i'm joined by john dale. he's a sociology professor a george mason university and is an expert on the politics of development and human rights in myanmar. welcome to the newshour. >> thank you. >> schifrin: so most of us, aung san suu kyi is an icon for democracy and humhtan rig i have even talked to people who expressed a real horror about what she's doing. she's also a politician. what domestic considerations does she have motivating her to do what she's doing? >> well, she is walking throughc a pol minefield right now, tiptoeing, i'd say. there are three concerns it's

world cou, of course, the i.c.j. then you have myanmar's military and the myanmar electorate. you have e general elections in 2020 coming up in myanmar, and she ha figure out how to differentiate herself and the her party, from the military's political party, the union solidarity and development party.to this decisioo to the i.c.j. is something that the military did not wanto see. they prefer to take an isolationist positio ignore the i.c.j. the fact that she's decided to engage the i.c.j. creates a little bit of political space for her to distinguish herself from the military. >> schifrin: and does that meanhat she wants to gain a level of popularity, gain in the electorate, so that next year, after the election, she can try and a an enact somnte funda reforms by winning that election

with a greater majority? >> she has alreadyxwoant a little bit of support. we have seen people show up at the airport asshe was leaving for the haig. she has been suggesting constitutional reform is necessary to further democracy in myanmar. i don't thinkuch of the electorate is buying at at this point. they have a .ng way to go >> schifrin: we heard her admit something soldiers could have usertd disproponate force is what she said. is she trying to walk a fine ne between criticizin criticizid exonerating the military? >> she is trying to buy rme om for-- some time, really, for the military to gohrough the process of trying these cases. she is trying to defend the idea that they deserve time to try these cases in their own court first. schifrin: the person wh testified after her, william schaafas of middlesex university, one of the world's leading expes on gen sie,

argued this wasn't genocide, even if there were 10,000 deaths he said this i not a high enough percentage of rohingyasl s to prove the military was trying to destroy rohingyas. >> i'm not a legal expt on genocide, but the that he was points to systematic efforts on e part of the military and the intentions that have been a par of that, communication that are coming fbove, would still be enough to push forward with the case like that. >> schifrin: the u.s. sanctioned the burmese commander in chief, and the deputy commander in chief. can u.s. punishment like that change myanmar's military behavior? >> in order to address thede genoaking place in myanmar, we need a variety of tools. the case that's bthefore international criminal court, this new case in the international urt of justice, sanctions, not only by the united states but internationally, i think all of those tools a important and

really takes all of them working together to have a shot at trying to change behavior in myanmar. so i would wecome those sanctions. those sanction by themselves, not so much, but i would say t thate of any one of these tools. >> schifrin: john dale of george mason university and the wilson center, thank you very much. >> thank you. >> woodruff: britain goes to the polls tomorrow in what's bille as the mosimportant general election since the end of world war ii, and brexit is at the heart of the election. conservative prime minister boris johnson needs a clear majority in parliament to force through a deal which will enabll britain ve the european union at the e of next month. but as special correspondent malcolm brabant reports,hnoubts about n's character, and that of his main opponent jeremy corbyn are troubling british

ters. >> reporter: never one to shy away from anye catching stunt, boris johnson rammed home his core pledge. he's appealing for a parliamentary majority to honor the 2016 referendum on european membership, which narrowly favored leaving the e.u. against expectations in the fall, johnson reached a deal with the european union. brexit, but he fears the election torrow may not yield the numbers needed to push the agreement through. >> we've just got to get brexit done. and, you know, you're asking me to contempla something pretty appalling in my view. i don't see any alternative but a working majority to deliver it. >> reporter: johnson's chief opponent, labour leader jeremy corbyn is promising the mostdi ral socialist program for gerations. corbyn insists johnson can't get brexit done.

tt claim is a fraud on the british people. his sell-out deal ll be justbe thnning of years of drawn out, bogged down negotiations and broken promises. >> reporter: if johnson is to succeed, his party must win districts like canterbury, south east of london. for nely 200 years, this was a dunservative stronghold. but in the refer the district voted to remain in the e.u. and at the last election two years ago, the fortress fell to the labour party. attorney anna firth re fighting tole back control of canterbury. >> what most people,he vast majority are saying to me on the doorstep, whether they vot leave or remain is they just want us to move on. they want the gridlocko be finished, they want the agony to be finished, they want some resolution. >> reporter: the incumbent is labour's rosie duffield who believes brexit would be disastrous. >> we're right next to europe,

we're closer to europe than somi englises. and we're dependent on our our tourist trade, for thefor univsity, for our research programs, all kinds of things, and it's really important for me to keep fighting for that. >> reporter: duffield is benefiting from the breakdown of traditional tribal allegiances. life long conservative joe egertohas switched sides. he complains the party no longe represents a mnevolent, tolerant conservatism. >> the conservative party today has become the brexit party. it is not the party i joined. it is a strongly anti european part >> reporter: opinion polls have consistently given borisns johnson's vatives a significant lead. but johnson is not bng complacent in the last few days, johnson f has been fishi votes in traditional labour party contituencies, that are now play because they favor brexit. he's promising to upgrblic services to win over people who

would never normally vote conservative.ha >> w a vision of a united kingdom. kingdom.orbyn would divide our and i can tell you this: we can do all of this as one nation conservatives whilst not putting up your taxes. r orter: jeremy corbyn's key emotional weapon is britain's free national health service. it's stresses were emphasized thiseek with a story about a four year old boy being treated on a hospital floor. despite repeated denials corbyn has accused the conservatives of service to americapharma health companies. >> boris johnson really wants a no-deal brexit straight into the arms of donald trump and a trade deal with them. and it's very clear to me that trade deal with the united dates, that trade deal wo put all of our public services at risk. like jo phillips believe this is the most crucial election sinceo d war ii. >> i think trust is the biggest single issue in this election,

above and beyond brexit. it's one of the most divisive that we've ever seen in this country. >> reporter: in a series of campaign videos, labor is >> there's so much poverty and and our societs ing. >> reporter: labour is planning to re-tionalize britain's railways, along with utilities like waternd power. it's promising to bridge the gap between prosperousnd poor by extracting more tax from society's upper echelons. but the institute for fiscal studies has dismissed theof christmas giftoth labour and conservative as not credible. >> jeremy corbyn comes across as a raer avuncular pleasant elderly gentleman you could trust with your life. >> jeremy corbyn isn't some kink dly magic grandpa. quite the opposite in fact. wow. >> unfortunately we know that

the people who are pulling his puppet strings are extremely hard left militants. >> boris johnson is a showman, that why he's attractive to very many people. he's got a good turn of phrase,s ery jolly, he's very rumbustious. he doesn't want to be held to account. >> reporter: unlike every other political leader, johnson refused to submit to a grilling from one of britistelevision's toughest interviewers. johnson's bid for a majority is threatened by britain's formeren ctorney gal dominic grieve. he was one of 21servative lawmakers purged from the party for rebelling over brexit. at hisiverside constituency, grieve is relying onoters like this academic who was unwilling give his surname. >> you only have to go back through, how shall i call it, mr. johnson's colorful carinr, and you'llthat i'd sooner trust al capone. >> i'm afraid i find him completely untruworthy. he has a long and very detled record of telling outright lies

>> reporter: jeremy corbyn is also distrusted. he's been accused of sympathizing wh terrorist groups such as the i.r.a. and hamas. britain's chief rabbi ephraim mirvis has condemned corbyn as unfit for high office. the labour party is being investigated by britain's equality and human rights commission over allegations of institutional anti semitism. labour movement reedlyhe jewish listed 22 examples of abuse at a party meeting where he was called a child killer, zio scum and a tory jew. in johnson's district west of loon, one voice encapsulat the national ai of figue. >> i just feel it's one of the worst times in british politics and we're at a situation where everyone seems to be fighting for themselves instead ofco working llectively to do the best thing for the country.ta >> reporter: bin's voters are undoubtedly punch drunk from

politics, and three and a half years of waiting for brexit. the big question is whether despite his flaws, they'll back johnson sufficiently to deutver a knockolow. for the pbs newshour, i'm malcolm brabant in southern england. >> woodruff: states around the country continue to crk down on flavored e-cigarettes and other vape products. much of that is in response to the deaths and illnesses that began coming to light this summer. but even as lawmakers are trying to determine whareto do, archers are still trying to better understand the cause of these illnesses. miles o'brien has been looking into that very question for our regular series on "the leading edge" of science. >> reporter: like at least five million young american 18- year-old adam hergenreder started vaping electronic

cigarettes two years ago because everyone else was doing it. he loved all the flavors. >> mint tasted just like a mint, mango tasted just like a mango, cucumber tasted just like a cucumber. i mean, i didn't really atow th it had nicotine in it. >> reporter: it is an extremely potent punch of nicotine-- he preferred the strong pods made by juul. each carries as much of the highly addictive drug as a pack of cigarettes. cigarettes, or vape pens, use a battery to heat a coil, which turnda nicotine infused liqui into an aerosol. before too long adam was inhaling a pod and a half a day. >> i was hooked i knew i was quit.ted, but i just couldn't >> reporter: eventually the nicotine rush from juul was not enough for him. so he bought some black market va pens containing cannabi oil. and soon he was enjoying head rushes from both nicotine and t.h.c.-- the psychoactive

ingredient in marijuana. >> the juul lasted about 10 seconds, the t.h.c. product lastedbout an hour, so, once when that-- e nicotine buzz didn't feel it anymore, that's why i switched over t. >> reporter: but at the end of august, he got sick. very sick. >> i started to experience some tremors and then, there was for about a day. , and in the next three da started throwing up violently again, throughout the whole day. >> repter: he ended up here at the advocate condell medical center in libertyville, illinois. pulmonologist stephen amesbury showed me adam'snitial chest x-ray. >> all that haziness is inflammation. >> reporter: when you see a 17 or an 18-year-old with a chest x-ray like that, what is the next step? what do you do as a doctor? >> many months ago, the consideration would primarily be pneumonia or some possible toxin, if they've taken some drugs. nowadays, in light of all the vaping illnesses, that's one of the first questions we ask young

people when they come in with breathing problems. >> reporter: adam had evali, o"" e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated luninjury." the condition emerged in illinois and wisconsin in aprilr as of decemb, it had sickened nearly 2300 mostly young pele nationwide. half of them, like adam,nd up in intensive care, my attached to ventilators. one young person required a lung transplant. and 48 have died. adam came close., i me's killed some people. could it have killed him? >> if he hadn't come in and just tried to stick it out at home a few more days, absolutely. >> reporter: all those young people with very sick lungs triggered a series of investigations by state healthit auths and the centers for disease control and prevention. >> what we know now m that the vaority of individuals >> reporter: anne schuchat is

the principal deputy director. >> our laboratory test 29 samples from 29 patients, from 10 different states around thelo country and ed at 12 different chemical tests. we found 29 of 29 patient etspecimens had vitamin e e. >> reporter: vitamin e acetate. the nutritional supplement is inexpensive, unregulated and widely available. it's fine to ingest or use topically, but when inhaled, the sticky substance interfes with noal lung functions. it nertheless became a favored choice in the black market as a way to dilute pure cannabis oi which has a similar color and viscosity. testing labs in states where cannabis use is legal analyze marijuana for its potency, and screen for contaminants, heavyta , pesticides and mold.

but before this crisis, they weren't looking for vitamin e acetate. >> we don't have screen for everything, we're not star trek, we can screen for specific compounds. >> reporter: michael kahn is president and founder of mcr labs in framingham,ac masetts. as evali emerged, he and his team quickly developed a way to >> it was an immediate public health concern to us so, we offered it for free and we still do to anybody who needs to bring in samples just to make sure they're safe. we've received 56 samplelkfrom regular n citizens who-- >> reporter: they found nine ofl those cannabisamples were tainted with vitamin e a itate. >> evetance of vitamin e acetate was from somebody whohr walked in, notgh the marijuana establishment regulated market. >> rorter: but the evali cas is still not closed. 20% of patients flicted do not

admit vaping t.h.c. there is evidence other substances could pose a danger as well. and so some urgent research continues. pulmonologist jeff gotts is an assistant professor at the univsity of california san francisco. he has built a device thatxp systematicallyes the aerosols from e-cigarettes to cells cultured from donor human lungs rejected for transplantation.s the workgoing, but so far cells exsed for an hour a day, three days in a row to the chemicals used to diolve nicotine in juul e-cigarettes show preliminary signs of damage.t >>y be thease that this had been going on for a while in different forms in a low level and we'rgoing to be able to see a lot better what the real incidence of disease from all of these exposures is now tt we ve everybody's attention. >> reporter: first touted as ain smcessation tool, e- cigarettes got very popular very

quickly with virtually no regulatory oversight, and no research on its implications toa health. >> in many senses it is a horrifying experiment that people are performing on themselves with these different inhalational exposures that we ohave absolutely no sense their long-term safe. >> reporter: with t.h.c. vaping oil, not onlis there the same lack of safety data, but there ae extra, daunting hurdles to filling the research gap. the federal government still considers marijuana a controlled substance, in the same legal category as heroin and l.s.d. it means scientists can only procure marijuana for research from one federally sanctioned site in mississii. and it does not produce the sort cannabis oil products people are inhaling. to what extent is this a result of the confusion and the discontinuity in all the laws and regulations acss this country? result.ink it's a direct

>> reporter: kate phillips is director of education for the cannabis community care and research network in massachusetts. >> whave an industry that's supported by the state and then everything after that's hands up. so, when a problem like this happens, everyone's scattered and no the point person to go to, who to lead on this and again, it's up to the companies, it's up toc the puealth officials on each state and that's where we got to where we are today.ea >> reporter:hile, the vaping trend keeps growing, especially among teens. public health experts worry, if no action is taken, this health crisis will only get worse in hoe short, and long term. for the pbs news, i'm miles o'brien in gurney, illinois. >> woodruff: such important reporting. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. ein us online and again h tomorrow evening.

for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> say there's a bomb in you have 30 minutes. >> my son is not the bomber.a heed people's lives. >> i knew on that day, there is a bomb in centennial park. you have 30 nutes. >> the f.b.i. is looking at bil richard jewell. >> this kid is getting railroaded.a >> are you to start fighting back. >> "richard jewell," a >> consumer cellular understands that not everyone needs an unlimited wireless plan. our u.s.-based customer service reps canelp you choose a plan based on how much you use your nsumercellularvtore, nothing

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hello everyone and welcome to "amanpour and company." here's what's coming up. i didn't come from money. everything i have i've made, and i'm giving it all away. >> presidential hopeful mg e bloomberins me at the u.n. climate talks in madrid. why he thinks he can outrun the democrats and beat president trump. and two reporters on their de dive into indian prime minister narendra modi. what they uncovered when ty finally got into kashmir. we have an affordability crisis. we've seen it grow. we ever took a moment to st and say, where does it end up? >> how young kids end up homeless. we hear from a bronx school principal and the head of a new york ngo trying to break this cycle.