captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the "newshour" tonight: the start of an storic week. what to expect as the full house of representatives prepares to impeach the president. then, cooling ambitions. a global meeting on climate change ends without a deal,fu eling even greater doubts about our ability to stem the crisis. and, looking for childcare? there's an app for that. tech startups are connecting parents and providers-- but for many, the costs are stlel >> if i were to pay week, that would be almost half of my lary a month. and then, you know, on top of rent, utilities, food, if he needs anything.ef

it'sitely just not workable for me. >> woodruff: all that and more on tonight's "pbs wshour." >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by:♪ ♪ moving our economy for 160 years. bnsf, the engine that connects us. >> consumer cellular. >> the william and floti hewlett foun. for more than 50 years, advancing ideas and supporting

institutions to promote a better world. at www.hewlett.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corpation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like u. thank you. >> woodruff: the specter of impeachment looms larger than ever over prniident trump t. the crucial votes in the u.s. hoete of representatives are for mid-week. congressional correspondent lisa desjardins begins our coverage.

>> reporter: with a gray, winter cloud over washington, congress is slowly returning to town. but news and events are moving more quickly. the house judiciary committee released a several-hundred page report laying out the history, evidence and central argument behind its articles of impeachment. the committee wrote, "where a president engages in a course of conduct involving serious betrayal of national interest through foreign entanglements, or corruption of office and elections, impeachment isif jud." si a white house roundtable with governors, the pnt again rejected the charges, calling the process of impeachment a hoax and a "con job." >> reporter: this as key democrats in trump-leaning areas gan to declare howll vote >> very basic facts. ( booing ) >> reporter: michiganwo congren elissa slotkin faced an aibly conflicted crowd at a town hall today, with vocal, pro-tmp protesters >> four more years! >> reporter: seen as an influential freshm, the former

intelligence worker said she wrestled with the decision, but the president's requests to ukrainmade her feel she must impeach. >> as someone who has workedasor the c.i.a.omeone who has sworn an oath to protect the constitution, reaching out to a foreign power is something fundamentally different. >> reporter: on cnn, colorado's jason crow also said h vote to impeach, but stopped short of saying the president should be removed. new jersey's jeff ew,democrat, reportedly disagrees. according to multiple outlets, he plans to vote against impeachment and switch to the republican party. as the house prepares for votes, the senate prepares for an expected trial. senate democratic leader chuck schumer today made an offer for how it could work. schumer wrote senate majority leader mitch mcconnell last night suggesting opening presentations by each side and four witnesses-- white house s chief offf mick mulvaney, former national security advisor

john bolton, senior white housea advisor robert, and budget official michael duffey. to testify, but other testimony indicates they alldiay have hearctly from the presidenabout ukraine. >> the four witnesses we've called have nobeen heard from.a that ifference, and it's a difference that is totally overwhelming. >> reporter: this as some senate republicans, like south caroli senator lindsey graham, are pushing for a short senate trial. >> the president was denied the ability to participate meaningf in the house hearing. and i want to end it. i have nothing but disdain for this.he >> reporter:ouse vote is expected wednesday. >> woodruff: and lisa joins me at the table. lisa, so much to keep track of here, but you reported on ho

several moderate democrats are handling this, what about others? >> in the sce of last four hours, many more have come ut it seems, judy, other democrats to think about, it's a group of 18 to 20 that are probably the most vulnerable here, especially freshmen. so far, all the vulnerable democrats who have announcedn have ounced for impeachment except for the one we pointed out, who will reportedly be for impeachment and switch parties. >> woodruff: from y.new jer what more do we know about is next in the house before the weesday vote. >> wednesday will be the big day. important day.ill be a long and debate rules for debate.e will they will start 11:00 a.m. and potentially go all day, debating how to approach impeachment. in the endec, we exthe democrats to get the rules they want. you can watch the process tomorrow, but wednesday is really the big day. >> woodruff:hat about in the

senate? it happens in jauary but there are already preparations. >> let's look at wat senator schumer is proposing. he wants the tria to begin a january uming the house passes articles of impeachment this week. he would give time for pro andes con witneor impeachment and would like witnesses to be public and live. in 1999, as schumer was talking about, during the clinton nepeachment, some might remember that the wi testimony was icaorded in depositions, mon lewinsky on camera recorded something, and excerpts of those were shown to senators, not actual live testimony. here humerer wants lie testimony. the understanding is senator mcconnell wants a short trial. he does not seem to want these or perhaps any witnesses, t discussions will be ongoing. >> woodruff: still ato rk out there. >> that's right. >> woodruff: separately,

you're reminding us lawmakers are working on a giant government funding bill that includes interesting things including healthcare fundingg involving yoeople, tobacco. tell us about that. >> this is huge news out of then houssenate tonight. in the deal we touched on last week, we are seeing the details and the number one, judy, senate and house negotiators agreed to raise the minimum age for purchasing tobacco products in this country to 21. this is a map of where the minimum age is 20 now. this change and in exe bill t that was just release, the change would go intt o effer the next 3 3:00 to five years, but this is a huge change for those who think cigarettes are very harmful, including senator mitch mcconnell of kentucky, this is a republican and democrat bipartisan agreement. so interesting. you've learned more about what's in this big funding bill. >> quickly, other very big highlights, significant news,fi

t at the top of the list, gun viol, ene spending tile diehl, $21 million into research. it would repeal some of the affordable care act tax, the cadillac tax, and the medical di de vice tax, and this deal would include $45 million for election security. all of these huge items that have stopped bills dead in their tracks fr years but somehow as everyone is focused on impeachmeno these prposators have been able to make very large deals and democrats, especially, seems tonight, are putting out things they think are large change. this is the first time we've en any change on gun violence in cgress. >> wodruff: that's something the n.r.a. opposed for long time. >> now it will be funded by congress. >> woodruff: such a huge story. >> if the president gns. we expect him to gn.

>> woodruff: lisa desjardins, thank you. >> you're welcome. >> woodruff: in the day's other news: boeing announced temporarily halting production on its 737 max airliners in january. the plane was grounded worldwide back in march after tow crashes in indonesia and ethiopia killed a total of 346 people.e deral aviation administration is undergoing a review to decide when to allow the jet to return to the skies.i the trump stration moved to defuse a dispute over a new canada.act with mexico and mexico objected sunday to havinv u.s.nment officials monitor enforcement of mexican labor laws. today, u.s. trade representative robert lighthizer pr the officials will not act as ctspectors and will be sub to mexican law. presidt trump's top economic

adviser insisted today that a "phase one" trade agreement with cha is a done deal. the pact was announced on friday, but chinese ficials have said it is not completely settled. larry kudlow claimed todayhat it is-- and he predicted u.s. exports to china will double as a result. meanwhile, china strongly criticized the u.s. fo expelling two chinese embassy officials who breachedecurity at a u.s. military base last september. u.s. oicials say the pair drove onto a site near norfolk, virginia, that houses special operations forces. in beijing today, the chinesest foreign mi demanded the expulsions be canceled. >> ( translated ): the u.s. accusation against these diplomats is seriously contrary the facts. china has lodged solemn complaints and protests with the u.s. we strongly urge the u.s. to correct its mistakes, reverse its decision and protect the legitimate rights and interests

of chinese diplomats >> woodruff: this is the first time that the u.s. has thrown out chinese diplomats over suspected espionag yin more than rs. china's president xi jinpingup voiced renewedrt today for erng kong's leader after six months of anti-gent protests xi jinping met with the city's chief executive, carrie lam, in beijin he praised her for holding firm amid widespreaallegations of police brutality. there were new, violent clashes on sunday, after a recent lull. o lebanon's political limbld fast today, after mass protests in beirut over the weekend. security forces carried out the most violent crackdown since the unrest began in october. water cannon, ar gas, and rubber bullets left dozens injured. today, though, the country's president again postponed talksm ong a new prime minister-- as the crisis worsened. a top u.s. diplomat today rejected north korea's demand

for u.s. ccessions in nuclear talks by year's end. special representative stephen biegun met with south korean officials in seoul. he urged the north to reopen negotiations on its nuclear program. >> we are here. and you know how to reach us. we are fully aware of the strong potential for north korea to conduct major provocations in the days ahead, to say theas such an action will be most unhelpful in achieving pe lastine on the korea peninsula. >> woodruff: north korea hason ramped up wetesting in second major test ocketg a unch site last friday. the u.s. supreme court opted today not to hear a case on banning homeless people from sleeping outdoorin public spaces. instead, the justices today left in place an appeals court ruling against an ordinance in boise, ido. that law barred the homeless from camping outside when no

other shelter is available. a federajudge has blocked georgia from purging 313,000 people from vong rolls-- at least, for now. it would have affected those who have moved or died, or have not voted in seven years. democrat stacey abrams led the legal challenge. she lost to republican brian kemp in last year's governor's race. kemp carried out extensive voter purges as secretary of state. and on wall street, three major indexes reached record finishes, again. the dow jones industrial averags gained 10 poo close at nearly 28,236. the nasdaq rose 79 points. and the s&p 500 added 22. still to come on the "newshour," climate anxieties continue to rise as a global conference ends in stalemate. amy walter and tamara keith break down the politics of impeachment.

what india's new citizenship law means for the world's largest democracy. and much more. >> wdruff: climate talks in madrid ended yesterday with little agreement on addressing what many say is the single greatest challenge facing humanity. william brangham has more on why the talks failed to achieve nearly any of their stated goals. >> reporter: that'right, judy. these marathon talks ended with a small compromise and enormous disappointment. the annual gathering-- known as cop-- ended 14 days of talks where the biggest polluting nations were unwilling or unable to agree ostronger plans to curb their emissions, the very things that are dangerously warming this planet. they also postponed a decision

on carbon markets, whi are considered a key tool for trying to slow climate change. antonio gutteres, the secretary general of the united nations, of many:onexpressed the feelings >> we are norack. emissions are still growing so the reality is still nothing comparable with the commitmentsl we hope e made. the reality is that emissions are growing, we reached record greenhouse gasseseation of atmosphere corresponding to only what we had millions and millions of years ago >> reporter: for more on this diplatic failure, i'm joined now by helen mountford. she's vice president for climate and economics at the world resources instite, and she is just back from madrid. welcome to the "newshour". >> thank you. >> reporter: i know this conferen was nots the be-all and end-all climate conference, but the evidence is growing more

and more that climate change is a real and growing threat. therdsare tens of thousf kids all over the world protesting our inaction, and, yet, world leade just cannot seem to come to terms. can you just help us understand what happened in madrid? >> thank you very much. i think it's exactly as you say. there is a e disconnect between what we are seeing on the ground with the kids, the s protesteing we need more claimant action. the science is clearer than ever, ed to step up d do negotiation halls , mostly,the the negotiators are moving at a snail's pace, there's a lot of brinkmanship. f saw real leadershm some of the smaller and medium-sized economies, particularlse most vulnerable to climate impacts, they really stood upto and trieush as hard as possible to move forward, to advance work, but it is he major emitters who are largely absent or obstructionists. >> reporter: some of the obstructionists or negligence,

is some of that shorter term economic thinking because we knth elections are won i here and now and many of the leaders lookt at the state of their econy as creecial and, still, despite what we see everyd, some people think climate change is going to affect the next or the nextpr ident. is that some of what's going on here? >> i thi there is definitely some short termism and basically focused on their own interests, each trying to get the best that they could out of the deal, but ality is we know now that the economics are better than ever in terms of climate action. when the paris acrd waagreed four years ago, since then, what we've actually seen as the cost of renewablave plummeted, we have new technologies availae on electric vehicles or batry storage which have really opened up possibities. >> reporter: we know president trump legend e pledged to formally pull out of the paris climate accords. thwhat do you mae to hav argument that some people say at, in the absnce of strong us u.s. leadership at the

taicialtio this is the natural thing that's going to itppen which is the other major rs say, if the u.s. is not there, neither are we >> i tnk that's partly what we're seeing, but what we are also starting see is the other major emitters e starting to step up and say at the absence of the u.sat the table, we need to do more and show the leadership. i particularly highlight the european union. last week they agreed to go to net zero emssions of carbon by 50. >> reporter: that's a huge step. >> it is, really important. we've seen some comtments on the small to medium-sized economies particularly countries have you been energy to climate change. canada said they wantgo that way. i think we're starting to see some of the other major emitters step up to the plate, but it wasn't really in time for these negotiations. >> reporter: still missing from the list of the major emitters, though, is china, the m,ephant in the room, the rising

emitter in the rand india. what are those nations doing? >> well, they are actually doing quite a o tsically but i think they are looking to three developed economies and say, look, we expect you to stand up first. >> rorter: because you put the vast majority of the grouse gases in the osphere and as you are starting to grow, hold off on your economy. >> they are starting to say we want to see you take actiondo before wo as well. i think they are starting to move, but need more leadership from oath other major economies to start forward. t >> reportere is disagreement on how to set up the carbon market. the idea being put a t on carb, make people pay for emitting the countries a cotries can buy and sel credits to emit different amounts. what happened in that regard? >> so that's right. this is really about the internatnal carbon markets, how countries can collaborate together, which if it's done well will actually lead to more

ambitious climate action, cheaper climate action and more collaboration. if it's done poorly, it could le to more emissions rather than less, and i think the risk we saw is, as they are starting to set up the rules for how to do the international carbonm markets, a nr of countries were pushing forward and trying to sort of add in loopholes which would actually lead to more emissions rather than less. and, so, in the end of the day, other countries stood up and said, look, we are ot willing to accept carbon market rules which are actually going to jeopardize the paris agreent. >> reporter: a lot of pressure on coming next year's conference. >> absolutely. >> reporter: helen mountford, thank you very much for being here. >> thank you. >> woodruff: for lawmakers, the focus right now is on the issues of government spending, trade, and most of all, impeachment. but in pittsburgh this past

weekend, many of the 2020 democrats were spotlighting another issue: education. seven presidential hopefuls made advocates.hes to teachers and here's a sample of what the candidates said: >> we're going to make sure that every teacher is adequately paid, that means at least $60,000 a year. >> if you had $10 to spend and that's all you had to spend on education, i'dpend $7 of them on preschool. am all charter schools suld have to meet the requirements as all public schools should meet. >> woodruff: this coming nursday should see the se leading candidates on stage together in los angeles for the next primary debate-- which is being hosted by the "newshour" along with "politico." but a labor dispute involving the debate site, loyola marymount university, has caused the candidates to balk. the dispute is bwe food

service workers and "sodexo," a company contracted by "loyola marymount." the union representing the workers notified candidates of their plans to picket on the university's campus. all the candidates who have qualified for the debate have threatened to boycott it unless a solution is found. some discussed the controversy over the weekend. >> i think it's a terrible look for the democratic party to have a debate that runs afoul of union work rules. >> i don't believe we should crosthe picket line. so i encourage the d.n.c. to (oapplauseo)t. >> i believe they rke trying to ith all the parties to resolve this, because having thesdebates is critical for americans to see the differences between ndidates. >> woodruff: in a statement, a "democratinational committee" spokesperson has said that it is "working with all stakeholders to find an acceptabl resolution." between this week's debate, and impeachment there's plentyf

political news to digest on either coast. and that brings us to our olitics monday" duo: amy walter of "the cook political report" and public radth's "politics my walter." o and tamara keinpr. she also co-hosts the "npr politics podcast." hello to both of you.cs it's "polionday." so we are going to talk about about impeachment.rst let's talk tam, as we heard lisa desjardins reporting earlier, a number of moderate democrats are starting to annpeunceople whwere considered maybe on the fence, where for and against.st so far, mo of them say, the ones who've declared, they're going to vote for impeachment, but where does all thans and how much does it matter how many democrats. >> congressman van drew, apparently on his way out of the democratic party, is a pretty decent example of what happens when you're adom who deci you're opposed to impeachment at

this moment, and his experience is simply that the democratic party of new jersey wasn't there for him anymore, and he ran into the arms of president trump, who has been tweeting nice things. about hi so the problem for moderate democrats if thevote against impeachment is that, you know, the sort of national democratic grassroots money that's been flowing into a lot of their races, that would dry up, and they would lose sort of the energy of their local democratic base, which leads what see, which is a lot of these moderate democrats are nowfa coming out ior of impeachment. you know, they all but two of them voted to do the -- to begin the inquy, and if you voted to begin the inqiry, you're going to be brushed with that brush. you are not going to avoid this fight in your general electionmi up next year. >> ihink that's very fair. i don't know how this is going to work out necessarily in the long term, although, as i said

before, very skept going to talk about impeachment by the time we hit the summarya of 202 this is going to be on the minds of voters as they go into the voting boot november 2020. the short-term impact, though, let's not takaway the fact that jeff van drew switching republican, that's a big pickup for republicans. they're still 18 seats short of the majority, bif you're looking for who won in the short that you did not have a week ago is a pretty big victory, but i know we're going to be talking about our po as well. >> woodruff: we are, because -- in fact, we can show everybody right now that public sentiment is still less than 50% for impeasement. you cathese numbers in november, it was 47 for, 46 ainst, it's about the same, even a few percentage point pickup amy, in opposition toim achment? >> i don't know if you remember this, but when we started

talking about this, the number i said i was looking at wa the percent of people who said that they disliked donald trump or they disapprov the job he's doing and how many of those folks end up in the "i support impeachment." in other words, could democrats get everybody who already says i don'really like donald trump and i don't like how he's performing as president t pport impeachment? if so, that would be a majority. but as we've seen in this most recent poll, you have 52% of voters in thisoll, adults in this poll that say they disapprove of the job this president is doing, but only 47 say they support impeachment. so it's a small group. it's only 4 or 5%, but those are the folks that demo to flip, and they never were able to do that? >> the thing that stands out to me for our poll is when we askea thcouple of mops ago how likely are you to change your innd or do you think your is pretty well made up? they said our minds are pretty

well made up and, guesshat, they are! >> we should give credit where credit is due. this is a joint veinture of ths poll. marist college, "pbs newshour" and npr >> which is why i said "our." i heard you is i that and'm glad you didn't let me get away without identifying whose poll it is. now let's talk about the debate coming up and the 2020 candidates. labor dispute.hat there is ths we reported tom perez the chair all he can, but it is out of the hands of these candidates and the part clearly all s want this debate to take place, a debate hosted by the "newshour" in partnership with politico, but the saints candidates have made their position clear, they're not crossing the picket line. t >> they ne and for a democratic primary, there's absolutely no wayou y would see democrats going against that if there's any sort what i do think for the folks

who would really benefit for having this debate -- it's the second-to-last onesefore vot start voting in iowa, and for many of these senators, it's likely they will be stuck in washington through this hearing, for the impehment hearing. we don't know how long it wil be, maybe it won't be that long, but this is sort of their last best opportunity to get in front of voters before wet into the craziness that is anothertr impeachmenl or, you know, talk of impeachment and moving into iowa. >> woodruff: what have you be thinking about this, tam? what do these candidates need to do at this point? >> you know, i think what i'm looking for, what would be interesting is drawing out some of the differences on something other than healthcare. there's been smuch focus on healthcare, and loading into this debate, there's been a lotb k and forth mostly between elizabeth warren and pete buttigieg, and mostly has been a loti of s fight of radical

transparency we talked about la week. meanwhile, bernie sanders and joe biden have hung back and "pbs newshour" marist college ll indicates they are in a national poll, right there at the top, they have been very qustable, and, so, oneestion i have, have the debates matred that much? but, you know, here's another one, maybe it wil wl. druff: well, we'll see. amy, it was striking to me tha in this marist "pbs newshour" npr poll, 76% of democrats orcr deic-leaning independents say they still have not made up their minds which candidate.al is that typfor this stage of a campaign? >> i think it reflects twoth gs. one, this has been a very big field and that's unusual. the second is this issue ofg want find the most electable candidate is really a hard thing p do before eople actually start voting. so once the votes come in in

iowa and new hampshireand nevada and south carolina, americans see those, they see who's winning, they see whos not doing swole, and then their opinions about candidates tend to folt.w tha traditionally, voters go with a winner, people tend to jump on to a bandwagon, but we've also seen, in 2008, there was an assumption after obama won iowaj that he wat going to sweep through the rest of it and, lowe and be--low an -- >> woodruff: voters struggle to see who is going to beat donald trump. >> when you say electabmoity is th important thing but don't know what it means, you end up with a situation wia lot of jostling. >> woodruff: tamera keith, amy walter, thank you both.

>> woodruff: the democratic debate is ursday night. >> the workers are stifled. only major country -- y want what it takes to be part of america's middle class. >> proposals i'm putting forward would make me the most progressive president in mi my lifetime. >> people are tired to have the extremes in our politics >> we have a broken government in washington, d.c. >> what we need is a new voicet and a new f solutions. >> woodruff: india's prime >> woodruff: india's prime minister, narendra modi, recently ushered in a law that would grant preferential treatment to non-muslim refugees from afghanistan, pakistan and bangladesh. modi has argued that the billio protects rel minorities fleeing muslim nations. however, opponents say itde berately discriminates against muslims. and as nick schifrin reports, the demonstrations against the law have only grown in the days

since its passage. >> reporter: in the world's largest democracy, protest i expanding. in 17 cities, from the country's southern tip, to the capital, new delhi, demonstrators today rallied against the new citizenship bill, calling it anti-muslim, and anti-indian. >> i am proud to be an indian, m roud to be a muslim, and i am proud to be a protester. >> ( translated ): this is not what we want. india is a secular country. let it remain secular. ( boom ) >> reporter: on sundayw delhi, the protests in turned violent. police fired tear gas, clashed with students, who accused officers of indiscriminate violence. at least 100e injured. at one point, protestors torch public buses. there have been five days of discontent, following the passage of the bill that would expedite citizenship tlegal immigrants from neigg countries who fled religious

persecution-- so long as they aren't muslim. critics call ithe latest discriminatoryove by prime minister narendra modi and his hindu nationalist government. it has strped the special status of jammu and kashmir, th countrly muslim-majority ate, and cut off the internet, the longest-ever internet shutdown in a democracy. the government vows to nationalize a citizenship registry to weed out what the home minister calls "infiltrators." critics say it targets muslims, and that modi has been targeting muslims for decades. back in 2002 in gujarat state, modi was chief minister when deadly religious killed 1000 people, the vast majority slim. today, anti-government protests spread to the local gornment of west bengal state. the chief minister says she won't implement the citizenship bill, no matter the consequences. >> ( tranated ): you will bring our government down. do it, throw us away! we are fighting for honor, honest we may be hungry, but will not surrender before you

>> reporter: in the northeastern state of assam, protestors are worried the bill would allow too many immigrantfrom neighboring bangladesh. five people have been killed during demonstrations there. >> yesterday modi said violent protesters could be identified by clothes. today modi tweeted for peace, unity and brodother to discuss this, i'm joined by milan vaishnav. welcome to the "newshour". thanks very ch. >> thanks. give us the context. how much of this is aboutodi and his party the b.j.p. trying to instill a indu nationalist agenda? >> so modi and his pararty an avoidly hindu nationalrty. they believe that indian culture is bros adly synonymth hindu culture and india is a country

of 1.3 billion people, 80% of higwhom are hindus, so india shd wear its hindu-ness as sort of a so this latest move is sort of in keeping wih ideological hindu ben nant modi believes? >> reporter: india has more muslims than pakistan next door and we've seen a lot of muslim protests beginning with that and we've also seen a connection story examined. things that our what is the connection between the citizenship law that's jut been passed and the citizenship test that the govement vows to take national? >> whatthe citizenship law does is grant expedited assistantships to illegal from pakistan, bangladesh.dia it gives citizenship to a wideo

varietf groups except muslim. one state in enya, there's a prosoafsz creating a citizen's registry and nearly 2 million people have been left off of that list. a large percentage of them are what this bill wdo is give those people a path to essentially regularing themselves, but it's going to lead leave the muslim minorities out. b.j.p. promised to do this not just in this one state but actually to carry out the national citizens registration >> reporter: we've seen protests begun by muslimby studentsoung muslims but spreading. how much of a threat are these protests to the modi and the hivernment? >>is the biggest social test i think modi faced in his five years of office, bu it's important to note there are two sources of the protest. one you're seeing not just fr muslim students by students around the country and now goin beyond just students, people of all ages, class, religions,ri who are wo this essentially

imposes a religious test on citizenship, but there's a second group of protesters primarily in india's northeast who arworried that lot of these folks many from neighboring banglash are going to flood our local culture and stamp out what's unique about our tribal and linguistic heritage, so they're fighting againsany immigration. the protesters ifferentt to note parts of the country don't agree on the thing they're testing about. >> reporter: but they're agreeing in protesting what's going on and what is the possibility that they have the ability to change government policy? >> so we've already seen a suit fid before the supreme court. they are going to determine whether or not this ses muster with the equal protection clause of the constitution and the part of the constitution that essentially provides equal citizehip to people irrespective of their religis background. most observers believe the court probably won't overturn this along those grounds.

now, several states who are not controlled by the b.j.p. said, you know what? we're not going to implement this iour sta. now the way the law has been written and the rule of iten actually impld, give the to override that state dissent. >> reorter: how much pressuret arse protesters putting on the government in order to backtrack is this. >> urban protests are starting to spread. they're occurring in rural areas. they started with plyedomina muslim yrts, they're spreading to universities across the country, so if this is really sustained, that may force the government to actually, you know, respond that make some concessions. >> milan vaishnav of carnegie endowment, thank you very much. >> thanks. >> woodruff: me than 12 million children under the age of five are in some form of child care in the u. a majority of those children are

home-based day care. but in recent years there's been a significant decline-- about 20%-- in licensed homeer prov special correspondent cat wise reports now on a new wave of startups aimed at helpin parents and providers. >>eporter: the morning sce at the ramierz household is likely a familiar one for many two working parents up early, getting breakfast on the table. childcare has been a big challenge for 32-year-old reyna ramirez who is a full-time medical assistant. she raised her two older a childrena single parent. her community, moreno valley,t lifornia, ab60 miles of the country's m"childcarene deserts" where there are three or more children for every licensed child care ramierez managed to find spots foowher first two children-- 12 and 6-- at local daycare centers, but she didn't like leaving them there. >> back then i didn't feel like i had too many childcare options. m it was just y kids, the centers were so big, so i felt

like they couldn't keep an eye on all the kids at the same time. >> reporter: the care was also expensive-- $350 a week, nearly her salary at the time. according to the u.s. department of health and human services, childcare that costs familiesmo than 7% of their income is considered unaffordable. personal nannies and childcare centers, where overhead costs are high, are often the least affordable options for families. ramirez and her husband wanted to find a different arrangement for their one-and-a- half-year old daughter jovina. last march, ramirez learned about a new app called "weecar"" that helps connect families with licensed and vetted home-based care providers in their area. she now walks jovina a short distance to a daycare wheresh s paying about $500 less a month and drop offs are a loter ea tonetta riley is one of some 600 childcare providers in threeal states--ornia, minnesota,

cad illinois-- who have partnered with w since its launch in 2017. in addition to helping families and providers connect via the app, the company also offers services for daycare owners includinlicensing support, biing, and tax assistance. weecare takes a rcentage of the monthly tuition pareh s pay througthe app, usually around 10%. >> i don't have to worry about trying to get payment from tparents, and things of t nature. all i have to do is just focus on taking care of the kids, d teaching them, and helping them become good, healthy citizens. >> reporter: riley used to work a daycare where she made just $10 an hour and her fami struggled financially. that's a common problem for childcare workers in the u.s. where the averagwage is about $25,000 a year. but rilesays she's no longer struggling. >> my income has tripled. thget a lot more business weecare than i would get on my own. >> reporter: weecare is not the only startup fused on the home-based childcare market.

companies like wonderschool and my village have a similar focus. all have their eyes on the prize: the u.s. childcare industry's $47 billion of annual revenue. >> i want early childcare to not be an issue anymore. >> reporter: jessica chang is the c.e.o. and co-founder of startup-meets-daycfice in venice beach, california. chang started the company after having a difficult time finding care for her first child. >> we want to actually increase the supply of home daycares, because we actually think that is the solution for early childcare. we also want to impre quality. the state of california re sly licenses fety. that's the number one thing. >> reporter: not quaty. >> not for quality, exactly. we definitely want you to be safe. but how do we actuallyake sure that the daycare is what parents actually want and need for their kids? ar>> reporter: she says we ensures quality by vettingid

prs for experien, among other things. care-givers who utilize age-appropriate curriculum provided by the company-- and receive positive parent feedback-- are given higher ratings on the app. chang also wants to help families find care they can afford. >> a lot of preschools charge $1,000-$2,000 month, while home daycares actually are a lot more affordable, they're about 30-40% cheaper than preschools. >> reporter: but even those lower rates are a stretch for some. >> it's be beyond stressful. >> reporter: brianna braun is a 29-year-old single mother in van she recently returned to her job as a manager at best buy after giving birth to her son kyrie. she says she tried to find care for him on weecare and other childcare apps, but the providers near her were out of her price range. >> for his age, they were ranging anywhere between $250 a week, up to i think the most expensive one i found was $400 a week. if i were to pay $250 ,

that would be almost half of my salary a month. and then, you know, on top of rent, utities, food, if he needs anything. it's definitely just not workable for me. >> reporter: childcare is now a daily scramble for braun.ou she'the door most mornings before 5:00 a.m. so she can drop e off with a friend an h at 6:30 a.m.ay and get to work she makes $33,000 dollars a year, but was told she doesn't qualify for government child care assistance. >> i just feel like they should orve more subsidy programs even daycares that offer, you know, low income. >> reporter: michael olenick agrees. >> we have about 1.2 million kids who are eligible for a voucher program, but we only have enough funding for about 300,000. >> reporter: he's the head of the childcare resource center in los angeles-- one of 60 nonprofits around the state that provide childcare subsidies and resources. olenick says the new wave of

startups may be helpful for some, but they don't address underlying market realities. pa i, it works in certain rts of los angeles, probably worksts in certain p of miami, new york.in but an bernaino county or rural iowa, it's not going to work. parents can't afford the true cost. you can't earn enough money, you can't charge enough money to a fee-paying parent to, in most of the working-class comms, lower-income communities, to make it worth your while. >> reporte but for those who have been helped, life is a bit easier these days. weecare plans to expand es 15 stn 2020. for the pbs newshour, lom cat wise iangeles. >> woodruff: wyoming is the nation's least populous state, buerit ranks near the top in capita gun ownership. it's also home to e nation's most comprehensive collection of jeffrey brown recently traveled

to cody, where a renovated firearms museum aims to trace the role guns have long playedor in american hi this story is part of our ongoing series on arts and culture, "canvas." >> reporter: there's the old and strange: >> that is called the "duck's foot pistol," but it's basically, it's a volley gun. >> reporter: the new and controversial:'l >> yhear the terms "assault rifle," you'll hear the term "assault weapon." >> reporter: and some 7000 firearms of all kinds in between. the cody firearms museum was created in the 1970s, mostlyth un enthusiasts in mind. but after a brand-new $12 million renovation, says curator ashley hlebinsky, it ca ll a broader-- and necessary-- story. >> firearms have beeintegral to understanding history, culture, technology and society for centuries. and so, ving a firearms museum is really a way that you can use those artifacts as a vehicle to

talk about oer topics. >> reporter: that includes guns as weapons of war... for sports and hunting... as innovative technology. >> henry ford visitehester right before he built his highland park factory in detroit, and he took what he learned at winchesr and applied that to the assembly line that he's become famous for. but you don't necessarily hear that firearms part of the story and that's gotten lost, definitely. >> reporter: housed in the smithsonian's "buffalo bill centerf the west," the firearms collection is one of five museums of art and history, including the story of "buffalo bill" cody himself, the legendary soldier and nter turned showman, who in 1896 helped establish this small town in northwest wyoming-- a deeply conservative state where guns have always been part of life. the "buffalo bill center" asksvi tors to check visible firearms. >> i don't think there's a guy in this community or a family in this community that doesn't have

a gun in their home. >> reporter: that includes former senator alan simpson, who grew up and, now 88, still lives in cody. >> thereould be no history in america without the gun. i mean, you can gasp, and choke, and fall over on your head if you want to with that statement i just made. but i mean, without a gun, theon rs would have had nothing but an axe, and fighting off the elements and indigenous people, all of that is real. all oft. you can't rewrite history. >> reporter: but i could imagi people saying, "okay, that's all true, but a museum to celebrate guns?" >> we tell the history. we're not in the celebratory thing down here, where we have a big sign, "come on in and cherish guns with us." that's ( bleep ). this is the history of ameri, which is guns. >> i was very skeptical at first. >> reporter: artist april jones

who lid works nearby, is a much newer resident of cody, one who came with different politics and from a very different place, the san francisco bay area. >> a lot of my friends back there would be quite offended that there was a museum about guns. >> reporter: but jones is impressed with the museum's approach.hi >> i that's a nice balance to understand that, okay, you've got your sports shooters on then hand that are maybe competing in olympic events for target shooting and kind of stuff. t then you've got people who are really living in turmoil and destruction because firearms, to and i think that's more the conversation that our country should be having it's a tool. in what cases can it be used properly? and, how can we st it from being used improperly? >> reporter: there's no denying the fascinatiomany have with ns. visitors from all over the wod-- here from the netherlands-- come to try them out at the nearby "cody firearms ulperience." general manager rock knows it's the movies that often drive

people his way. >> when people say, "i don't know what to shoot," we'ay say"" what do you want? johnny depp, john wayne or john wick?" >> reporter: we got to try all three: a 1790s "indian trade"t. ( boom ) an 1873 colt single action (eboome). and a modern ar-15. ( boom ) >> you shot best with the musket. that's unusual. >> reporter: i guess i'm an old- fashioned guy. the only shooting at the cody firearms museum is with y simulators, to teach safd illustrate different gun mechanisms. here, they aim for something else, such as getting definitions right. it say "these terms are us frequently but rarely in the correct ways." >> correct. >> reporte as in just what is meant by an "assault weapon?" >> if you are trying to create legislation for or against firearms, or whether you're trying to regulate these things, you have to be precise in the

wording of that legislation. io it's important to have the historical foundof what those words mean in order to actually make sure you're intalking about the right that you're trying to do in politics. >> rorter: there's also this a large mural originally made last year, showing severaline" hundred people across th ggreat americ divide. and not every museum visitor loves it. >> we've had a couple of peoe on all sides say, "this is really divisive. why would you put this up?"or >> rr: and what do you say to them? >> it's a very divisive debate. and is actually represents equal footing, and it's okay to love it, it's okay to hate it. g want to encourage people to think really ld hard about firearms, to make their own conclusions about firearms. and this is an opportuty in the museum to feel something. >> reporter: for the pbs newshour, i'm jeffrey brown at the cody, wyoming firearms museum.

>> woodruff: 75 years ago today, one of the most savage battles of world war ii began as the john yang now on today'su.s. and commemoration of what became known as "the battle of the bulge." ( trumpet ) >> reporter: memorial trumped sounde the solemn ground where u.s. soldiers held off t nazi war machine's last gasp. ,in the forests of bastog belgium, american veterans of the battle of the bulge received a heroes' welcome. u.s. defense secretary mark esper. >> on this ground, where the tcome of the battle of t bulge hung in the balance, american troops fought and foed an incredible victory that ensured hitler's defeat. ( tank fire >> reporter: at dawn, 75 years ago today, the german army launched an assault on advancing allied forces in belgium and luxembourg. 1,000 nazi tanks and 200,000 y oops tried to break the allied ne-- and nearld-- creating

a "bulge" as they pushed defenses. badly outnumbered u.s. forces bore the brunt. for more than a month, they battled both the nazis and the bitter cold with meager supplies and low ammunition. one point the germans demanded surrender. the now legendary response from american brigadier general anthony mcauliffe: a defiant-- "nuts!" his troops were ultimately reinforced by a soldiers led by general george patton. together they fended off the paralyzing defeat, but at a brutal cost. 10,000 americans died-- the costliest battle in the entire warrm today, perfos honored their sacrifice. artificial snow fell amid theai day's cold r a reminder of the battle's frigid conditions.e one veteran ofattle, 96-year-old malcolm "buck" marsh, recounted his experience. >> it was in blizzard conditions.

a belgn lady with a shawl on came out andad two mugs of hot chicken soup for each of us. best meal i've had, i guess, aer. >> reporter: mar the other veterans laid roses at a memorial for their fallen comrades. among the last remainingow survivors of the men who held this line, stood for the national antm. a salute to-- and from-- the greatest generation. for the pbs newshour, i'm john yang. >> woodruff: so remarkable to see the veterans. we thank them fo and that's the newshr for tonight. on friday... join us on-line ann here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by:wa

>> bnsf ra >> consumer cellular.nd >>y the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, technology, and improved economic performance and financialn literacye 21st century. >> supported by the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation. committeto building a more just, verdant and peaceful world. more information at macfound.org >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> this program was made possible by the corporatioadfor public bsting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioneac media ss group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

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