cnewshour produns, llcby >> woodruff: good evening.oo i'm judyuff. on the "newshour" tonight: the start of an historic week. at to expect as the full house of representatives prepares to impeach the president. then, cooling ambitions.ee a globalng on climate change ends without a deal, fueling even greater doubts about our ability to stem the crisis. and, looking for childcare? there's an app for that. te startups are connecting parents and providers-- but for many, the costs are still insuountable. >> if i we to pay $250 a week, that would be almost half of my salary a month. d then, you know, on top of rent, utilities, food, if he needs anything. it's definitely just not workable for me. w oodruff: all that and more

on tonight's "pbs newshour." >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: ♪ moving our economy for 160 years. bnsf, the engine that connects us. >> consumer cellular. >> the william and flora hewlett foundation. for more than 50 years, advancing ideas and supporting inttitutions to promote a be world. at www.hewlett.org.

of these institutions:t and individuals. >> ts program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributionsur pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: the specter of impeachment looms larger than ever over president trump tonight. the crucial votes in the u.s. house of representatives are set for mid-week. congressional correspondent lisa desjardins begins our coverage. >> reporter: with a gray, winter cloud over washington, congrs is slowly returning to town.

but news and events are moving more quickly. the house judiciary committee released a several-hundred page report laying out the history, evidence and central argumentbe nd its articles of impeachment. the committee wrote, "where aid prt engages in a course of conduct involving serious betrayal of national interest through foreign entanglements, or corruption of office and elections, impeament is justified." at a white house roundtable with governors, the president again rejected the charges, calling the process of impeachment a hoaxnd a "con job." reporter: this as key democrats in trump-leaning areas began to declare how they'll vote >>ery basic facts. ( booing ) >> reporter: michigan congresswoman elissa slotkin faced an audibly conflicted crowd at a town hall tay, with vocal, pro-trump protesters >> four more years! >> reporter: seen as an influential freshman, the former intelligence worker said she wrestled with the decision, but the president's requests to

ukraine made her feel she must impeach. >> as someone who has worked for the c.i.a., as someone who has sworn an oath to protect there constitution, hing out to a foreign power is something >> reporter: on cnn, colorado's jason crow also said he will vote to impeach, but stoppeday short ofg the president should be removed. but another moderate democrat, new jers's jeff vadrew, reportedly disagrees. according to multiple outlet impeachment and switch to the republican party.as he house prepares for votes, the senate prepares for an expected tnaal. democratic leader chuck schumer today made an offer for how it could work. schumer wrote senate majority peader mitch mcconnell last night suggestingng presentations by each side and four witnesses-- white house chief of staff mick mu, dvrmer national security aor john bolton, senior white house advisor robert blair, and budget

official michael duffey. all have declined house requests to testify, but other testimony indicates they all may have heard directly from the president about ukraine. >> the four witnesses we've called have not been heard from. that is a difference, and it's a difference that is totally overwhelming. >> reporter: this as some senate republicans, like south carolina senator lindsey graham, are pushing for a short senate trial. p >> tsident was denied the ability to participate meaningful in the house heing. and i want to end it. i have nothing but disdain for this. >> rorter: the house vote is expected wednesday. >> woodruff: and lisa joins me at the table. lisa, so much to keep track of here, but you reported on howod several ate democrats are handling this, what about others? >> ithe space of last four

ut.rs, many more have come o it seems, judy, other democrats to think about, it's a group of 18 to 20 that are probly the most vulnerable here, especially freshmen. so far, all the vulnerab democrats who have announced have announced for impeachment except for the one we pointed out, who will reportedly be for impeachment and switch parties. >> woodruff: from new jersey. what more do we know about is next in the house before the wednesday vote. >> wednesday will be the big day. tooreover, will be a long and important day. the house rules committee will debate rules for debate. they will start 11:00 a.m. and how to approach impeachment.ting in the end, we expect the democrats to get the rules they want. you can watch the processto rrow, but wednesday is really the big day. >> woodruff: what about in the senate? it happens in january but there

e already preparations. >> let's look at what senator schumer is proposing. he wants the tria to begin hojanuary 7, assuming these passes articles of impeachment this week. he would give time for proand n witnesses for impeachment and would like witnesses to be public and live. in 1999, as schumer was talking about, during thclinton impeachment, some might remember that the witness testimony was recorded in depositions, monnsia le on camera recorded tmething,nd excerpts of those videos were sho senators, not actual live testimony. here schumerer want live testimony. the understanding is senator mcconnell wants a short ial. he does not seem to want these or perhaps any witnesses, but discussions will be ongoing. >> woodruff: still a lot to work out there. >> that's right. >> woodruff: separately,em you'reding us lawmakers are working on a giant government funding bill that

includes interesting things including healthcare funding inlving young people, tobacco. tell us about that. >> this is huge news out of the house and senate tonight. in the deal we touched on last week, we are seeing the details and the number one, judy, senate and house negotiators agreed tos the minimum age for purchasing tobacco products in this is a map of where the minimum age is 20 now. this change and in the bill text that was just release, the change would go into effect over the next 3 3:00 to five years, but this is a huge change for those who think cigarettes are veryarmful, including senator mitch mcconnell of kentucky, this is a republican and democrat bipartisan agreement.ng so interesti. you've learned more about what's in this big funding bill. >> quickly, other very big ighlights, significant news, first at the to the list, gun violence, the spending tile

diehl, $21 million into research. another big items. it would repeal some ofthe affordable care act tax, the cadillac tax, and the medical di de vice tax, and this deal would include $425 millionfo election security. all of these huge items that have stopped billsead in their tracks for years but somehow as everyone is focused on impeachment, these proposators have been able to make very large deals and democrats, especially, seems tonight, arein puout things they thinkrg are change. this is the first time we've seen any change on gun violence in congress. >> woodruff: that's something the n.r.a. opposed for l.g ti >> now it will be funded by congress. >> woodruff: such a huge story. >> if the president signs. we expect him to sign. >> woodruff: lisa desjardins, thank you. >> you're welcome.

>> woodruff: in the day's other nnounced its temporarily halting production january.37 max airliners in the plane was grounded worldwide back in march after tow crashesi onesia and ethiopia killedof a tota46 people. the federal aviation administration is undergoing a the jet to return to the skies. ede trump administration m to defuse a dispute over a new trade pact with mexico and canada. mexico objected sunday to having u.s. government offi monitor enforcement of mexican labor laws.da u.s. trade representative robert lighthizer promised the ficials will not act as inspectors and will be subject to mexican law. president trump's top onomic adviser insied today that a "phase one" trade agreement with china is a done de.

the pact was announced on friday, but chinese officials have said it is not completely settled. larry kudlow claimed today that it is-- and he predicted u.s. ports to china will double as a result. meanwhile, china strongl criticized the u.s. for expelling two chinese embassy officials who breached security at a u.s. military base last september. u.s. officials say theair drove onto site near norfolk, virginia, that houses special operations forces. in beijing today, the chinese ereign ministry demanded expulsions be canceled. >> ( translated ): the u.s.ac sation against these diplomats is seriously contrary to the facts. china has lodged solemn complaints and protests with the u.s. we strongly urge the u.s. to correct its mistakes, reversesi its de and protect the legitimate rights and interests of chineseiplomats. >> woodruff: thiis the first ti that the u.s. has thrown out chinese diplomats over

suspected espionage in more than 30 years.pr china'ident xi jinping voiced renewed support today for hong kong's leader after six monthsf anti-government protests. chief executive, carrie lam, in beijing. he praised heror holding firm amid widespread allegations of police brutality. there were new, violent clashes on sunday, after a recent lull. lebanon's polical limbo held fast today, after mass protests in beirut over the weekend. securityorces carried out the most violent crackwn since the unrest began in october. water cannon, tear gas, and rubber bullets left dozens injured. today, though, the country's president again postponed talks on naming a new prime minister-- as the crisis worsened. a top u.s. diplomat today rejected north korea's demand ror u.s. concessions in nucl talks by year's end.

special representative stephen biegun met with south korean officials in seoul. he urged the north to reopen gotiations on its nuclear program. >> we are here. and you know how to reach us.ul we are aware of the strong potential for north korea to conduct major provocations in a the daad, to say the least, such an action will be most unhelpful in achieving a lasting peace on the korea >> woodruff: north korea has ramped up weapons testing in recent months, including second major test at a rocket launch site last friday. the u.s. supreme court opted today not to hear a se on banning homeless people from sleeping outdoors in public spaces. instead, the justis today left in place an appeals court ruling against an ordinancen boise, idaho. that law barred the homeless from campi outside when no other shelter is available.

a federal judge has blocked georgia from purging 313,000 people from voting rolls-- at least, for now. it would have affected those who have moved or died, or have not voted in seven years. democrat stacey abrams led the legal challenge. she lost to republican brian kemp in last year's governor's race. o kemp carri extensive voter and on wall street, three major indexes reached record finishes, again. the dow jones industrial average gained 10 points to close at nearly 28,236. the nasdaq rose 79 points. and the s&p 500 added 22. t still to che "newshour," onimate anxieties continue to rise as a globalrence ends in stalemate. amy walter and tamara break down the politics of impeachment. what india's new citizenship law means for the world's largest democracy.

and much more. >> woodruff: climate talks in madrid ended yesterday with little agreement on addressing whatany say is the single greatest challenge facing humanity. william brangham has more onhy the talks failed to achieve nearly any of their stated goals. >> reporter: that's right, judy. these marathon talks ended with a small compromise and enormous disappointment. the annual gathering-- known as cop-- ended 14 days of talks where the ggest polluting nations were unwilling or unable to agree on stronger plans to curb their emissions, the very thingshat are dangerously warming this planet. they also postponed a decision on carbon markets, which are considered a key tool for trying

to slow climate change. antonio gutteres, the secretary general of the united nations, yesterday expressed the feelings of many: >> we are not on track. the reality is stihingmping so coable with the commitments we hope will be made. the reality is that emissions are growing, we reached record levels of concentration of greenhoe gasses in the atmosphere corresponding to only what we had millions and millions of years ago >> reporter: for more on this diplomatic failure, m joined now by helen mountford. she's vice president for climate and econics at the world resources institute, and she is just back from madrid. welcome to the "newshour". >> thank you. >> reporter: i know this conference was nots thee-all and end-all climate conference, but the evidence is growing mor and more that climate change is a real and growing threat. there are tens of tousands of

kids all over the world protesting our inaction, and, yet, world leaders just cannot seem to come to terms. can u just help us understand what happened in madrid? >> thank you very much. i think it's exactly as you say. there is a huge disconnect between what we are seeing on the ground with the kids, the protesters saying we need more claimant action. the science is clearer than ever, we need to stp and do more, and at happened in the negotiatn halls where, mostly, the negotiators are moving at a snail's pace, there's a lot of brinkmanship. we saw real leadership from some of the smaller andsi mediud economies, particularly those most vulnerable to climate impacts, they really stood up d and tried to push as haras possible to move forward, to advance work, but it is the major emitterwho are largely absent or obstructionists. >> reporter: some of the obstructionists or negligence, is some of that shorter term economic thinking because we know elections areon in the here and now and many of the

leaders lookt at the state of their economy as creecl and, still, despite what we see everyday, somenkpeople thi climate change is going to affect the next or the next president. is that some of what's going on here?h >> ink there is definitely owme short termism and basically focused on thein interests, each trying to get the best that the reality is know now thatut the economics are better than ever in terms of climate action. when the paris accord was agrd four years ago, since then, what we've actually seen as the cost of rnewables have plummeted, we have new technologies available on electric vehicles or battery storage which have really open up possibilities. >> reporter: we know president trump legend e pleed to formally pull out of the paris climate accords. what do you makto have the argument that some people say that, in the absence of strong us u.s. leadership at the taialtion that this is th natural thing that's going to emitters say, if u.s. is notjor

there, neither are we? >> i think that's partly what we're seeing, but what we re also starting to see is the other major emitters are starting to step up and say at the absence of the u.s. at the table, we need to do more and show the leadership. i py articulaghlight the european union. last week they agreed to go to net zeroemissions of carbon by 2050. >> reporter: that's a huge step. >> it is, really important. we've seen some commitments on the small to medium-sizedom ecparticularly countries have you been energy to climate change. canada said ty want to go that way. i think we're starting to see some of the other major emiters step up to the plate, but it wasn't really in time for these negotiations. >> reporter: still missing from the list of the major emitters, though, is china, the elepsnt in the room, the riing emitter in the room, and india. what are those nations doing?

>> well, they are actually doing quite a bit do mesicalt i more developed ees and to the say, look, we expect you to stand up first. >> reporter: because you put the vast majority of the grouse gases in the atmosphere and as you are starting to grow, hold off on your economy. >> they are starting to say se want you take action before we do so as well. ng tonk they are star move, but we need more leadership from oath other major economies to start forward. >>eporter: there is disagreement on how to set up the carbon market. the idea being put a tax on caon, make people pay for emitting the countries and countries can buy and sell amounts.to emit different happened in that regard? >> so that's right. this is really about the international carbon markets, how countries can collaborate totther, which if's done well will actually lead to more ambitious climate action, cheaper climate action and more

llaboration. if it's done poorly, it could lead to moress emins rather than less, and i think the risk we saw is, as they are starting to set up the rules for how todo the international carbon markets, a number of countries were pushing forward and trying to sort of add in loopholes which would actually lead toem moressions rather than less. and, so, in the end of the day, other countrood up and said, look, we are not willing to accept carbon market rules ich are actually going to jeopardize the par agreement. >> reporter: a lot of pressure on coming next year's conference. >> absolutely. >> reporter: helen mountford, thank you very much for being here. thankou. >> r woodruff: wmakers, the focus right now is on the issues of government spending, trade, thd most of all, impeachment. but in pittsburg past weekend, many of the 2020 democrats were spotlig another issue: education.

seven presidential hopeftcs made their s to teachers and advocates. here's a sample of what the candidatesaid: >> we're going tmake sure that every teacher is adequately paid, that means aleast $60,000 a year. >> if you had $10 to spend andat all you had to spend on education, i'd spend $7 of them onreschool. >> all charter schools should have to meet the same requirements as alpublic schools should meet. >> woodruff: this coming thursday should see the sevenad g candidates on stage together in los angeles for the next primary debate-- which is being hosted by the "newshour" along with "politico." but a labor dispute involving the debate site, loyola marymount university, has caused the candidates to balk. the dispute is between food service workers and "sodexo," a company contracted by "loyola marymount."

the union representing the workers notified candidates of their plans to picket on the university's campus. all the candidates whoave qualified for the debate have ened to boycott it unles a solution is found. some discussed the chetroversy overeekend. p i think it's a terrible look for the democratty to have a debate that runs afoul of >> i don't believe we should cross the picket line. so encourage the d.n.c. to work this out. ( applause ) >> i believe they are trying to work with all the parties to resolve this, because having these debates is critical for reamericans to see the difes between candidates. >> woodruff: in a statement, a "democratic national committee" spokesperson has saithat it is "working with all stakeholders to find an acceptable resolution." between this wees debate, and impeachment there's plenty of political news to digest on either coast. and that brings us to ou

"politics monday" duo: amy walter of "the cook political report" and public radio's "politics with amyalter." and tamara keith of npr. she also co-hosts the "npr politics podcast." hello to both of you. it's "politics monday." so we are going to talk aboutb the e, but first let's talk about impeachment. tam, as we heard lisa desjardins reporting earlier, a number o moderate democrats are starting to announce people who were considered maybe on the fence, where for and against. so far, most of them say, the ones who've declared, they're going to vote for impeachment, but where does all this stand and how much does it mattehow many democrats. >> congressman van drew, aprently on his way out of the democratic party, is a pretty decent example of what happens when you're adomo decides you're opposed to impeachment at is moment, and his experience is simply that the democratic

party of nen' jersey wasthere for him anymore, and he ran into th warms of president trumpo has been tweeting nice things about him. so the problem for moderate democrats if they vote against impeachment is that, you know, the sort of national democratic grassroots money that's been flowing to a lot of their races, that would dry up, and they would lose sort of the energy of their local deocratic base, which leads to what you see, which is a lot of these moderate democrats are now coming out in favor of impeachment. you know, they all two of them voted o tdo the -- to begin the inquiry, and if you vtooted begin the inquiry, you're going to be brushed with that brush. you are not going to avoid this fight in your general election coming up next year. >> think that's very fair. i don't knw this is going to work out necessarily in the long term, although, as i said before, very skeptical we're going to talk about impeachment byhe time we hi the summary

of 2020 and this is going to be on the minds of voers as they go into the voting booth november 2020. the ort-term impact, though, let's not take away the fact that jeff van drew switching parties andecoming a republican, that's a big pickup for republicans. they're still 18 seats short of the majority, but if you're looking for who won in the short term, literally getting a seat that you did not have a weeago is a pretty big victory, but i know we're goinge to blking about our poll as well. >> woodruff: we are, because -- in fact, we can show everybody right now that public sents ent is still lesthan 50% for impeachment. you can see these numbers init novemberas 47 for, 46 against, it's about the same, even a few percentage pont pickups. amy, in opposition to impeachment? >> i don't know if you remember this, but when we started tambing about this, the i said i was looking at was the

they disliked donald trump ora they disapproved of the job he's ing and how many of those ports end up in the "i sup impeachment." in other words, could democrats get everybody who already says i and i do't like how he's performing as president tome support impea? if so, that would be a majority. but as we've seen in this most recent poll, you have 52% of voters in this poll, adults in thisoll that saythey disapprove of the job this president is doing, but only 47 say they support impeachment. so it's a small group. it's only 4 or 5%, but those are the folks that democrats neededa to flip they nevere able to do that? >> the thing that stands out to me forour poll is when we asked them a couple of mops ago how likely are yoto chage your mind or do you think your mind is pretty well made up? they said our minds are pretty well made up and, guess what, ey are! >> we should give credit where

credit is due. this is a joint venture othis poll. marist college, "pbs newshour" and npr -- >> which is why i said "our." i heard you is i that and i'm glad you didn't let me get away without identifying whose ll it is. now let's talk about the debate comingp and the 2020 candidates. is a case that there is this pute. dis we reported tom perez the chair of the democratic party doing all he ca but it is out of the hands of these candidates and the party. cleay all of us want this debate to take place, a debate hosted by the "newshour" in partnership with polito, but the saints candidates have made their position clear, they're not crossing e picket line. >> they near to. and for a democratic prry, there's absolutely no way you would see democrats going against thatref the any sort of labor dispute. what i do think for th folks who would really benefit for

having this debate it's the second-to-last one before voters start voting in iow and for many of these senators, it's likely they will be stuck in washington through this hearing, for the impeachment hearing. we don't know how log it will be, maybe it won't be that long, best oppoity to get in frontst of voters before we get into the craziness that is another impeachment trial or, you kno talk of impeachment and moving into wa. >> woodruff: what have you been thinking about this, ta? what do these candidates need to do at this point? >> you know, i think what i'm loting for, w would be interesting is drawing out some of the differences on somethingt r than healthcare. there's been so much focus on healthcare, and loa this debate, there's been a lot of back and forth mostly between elizeth warren and pete ttigieg, and mostly has been a lot of this fight of radical ansparency we talked about last week. meanwhile, bnie sanders and

e biden have hung back andr" "pbs newsharist college poll indicates they are in a national poll, right re at the top, they have been very stable, and, so, one question i have, have the debates mattered that much? thbut, you know, here's an one, maybe it will. >> woodruff: well, we'll see. s amy, it waiking to me that in this marisws "pbs ur" npr poll, 76% of democrats or democratic-leaning independents say they still have not made ups their miwhich candidate. is that typical for this stage of a mpaign? >> i think it reflec two things. one, this has been a very big the second is this issue of wanting to find the most ectable candidate is really a hard thing to do before people actually start votsog. iowa and new hampshire and

nevada and south carolina, americs see those, they see who's winning, they see who's not doing swole, andn theeir opinions about candidates tend to follow that. traditionally, voters go with ao winner, e tend to jump on to a bandwagon, but we've alsoin seen2008, there was an assumptionfter obama won iowa that he was just going to sweep through the rest of it and, lowe and be--low an -- druff: voters struggl to see who is going to beat donald trump. >> wn you say electability is the most important thing but don't know what it meas, you end up with a situation with a lot of jostling. >> woodruff: tamera keit amy walter, thank you both.

>> woodruff: the democratic debate is thursday night. >> the workers are stifled. only major country -- y want what it takes to be part of america's middle class. >> proposals i'm putting forward progressive president in mi my lifetime. >> people are tired to have the extremes in our politics. >> we have a broken government in wahington, d. what we need is a new voice and a new set of solutions. >> woodruff: india prime >> woodruff: india's prime recently ushered in a law that would grant preferential treatment to non-muslim refugees from afghanistan, pakistan and bangladesh. modi has argued that the bill protects religious minorities fleeing muslim nations. however, opponents say it deliberately discriminates against muslims. and as nick schifrin reports, the demonstrations against the law have only grown in the days since its passage. >> reporter: in the world's

largest democracy, protest is panding. in 17 cities, from the country'n soutip, to the capital,em new delhi, dstrators today rallied against the new citizenship bill, calling it anti-muslim, and anti-indian. >> i am proud to be an indian, m am proud to belim, and i am proud to be a protester. what we wa.ated ): this is not india is aecular country. let it remain secular. ( boom ) >> reporter:n sunday in new delhi, the protests in turned violent. police fired tasr gas, and cld with students, who accused officers of indiscriminate violence. at least 100 were injured. at one point, protestors torched public buses. there have been five days of discontent, llowing the passage of the bill that would expedite citizenship to illegal immigrantsrom neighboring countries who fled religious persecution-- so long as they aren't muslim. critics call it the latest

discriminatory move by prime minister narendra modi and his hindu nationalist government. it has stripped the special status of jammu and kashmir, the country's only muslim-majority state, and cut off the internet, the longest-ever internet shutdown in a democracy. the government vows to nationalize a citizenship registry to weed out what the home minister cas "infiltrators." critics say it targets muslims, and that modi has been targeting muslimfor decade ck in 2002 in gujarat state, modi was chief minister whenad religious killed 1000 people, the vast majority muslim. today, anti-government protests spread to the local government of west bengal state.ch the f minister says she won't implement the citizenship bill, no matter the consequences. >> ( translated ): you will bring our government down. do it, throw us away!fo we are fightinhonor, honesty. b we maye hungry, but will not surrender bere you. i >> reporter:n the northeastern state of assam, protestors are worried the bill wouow too

many immigrants from neighboring bangladesh. five people have been killedst during demtions there. >> yesterday modi said violent protesters could be identified by clothes. today modi tweeted for peace, unity and brotherhood. milan vaishnav., i'm joined by welcome to the "newshour". thanks very much. >> thanks. give us the chntext. and his party the b.j.p. trying to instill a hindu nationalist agenda? >> so modi and his paranty are avoidly hindu tionalist party. they believe that indian culture is broadly synonymous with hidu culture and india is a country of 1.3 billion people, 80 of hwhom are hindus, so indishould

wear its hindu-ness as sort of a badge of honort so this lt move is sort of in keeping with an ideological hiu ben tenant modi believes? >> reporter: india has more muslims than pakistan next doo d we've seen a lot of muslim protests beginning with that and between the two things that our story examined. what is the connection between the citizenship law that's just been passed and the citizenshist that the government vows to take natiol? >> what the citizenship law does is grant expedited assistantships to illegal migrants who land up in india from pakistan, bangladesh. it gives citizenship to a wide variety of groups except muslim. one state in enya, there's a

prosoafsz creating a citizen's registry and nearly 2 million people have been left off of that list. a large percentage of them are hindu. what this bill will do is give those people a path to essentially regularizing themselves, but it's going to ad leave the muslim minorities out. b.j.t promised to do this just in this one state but actually to carry out the c nationizens registration across the entire country. >>eporter: we've see protests begun by muslim students, by young muslims but spreading. how much of a threat are these protests to the modi and the government? >> this is the biggest social test i think modi faced in his five years of office, but it's important to note there are two urces of the protest. one you're seeing not just from around the country and now going beyond just students, people of all ages, classes, religions, who are worried this essentially imposes a religious test on

citizenship, but there's a second group of protesters primarily in india's noreast who are worried that a lot of these folks many from neighboring bangladesh are going to flood our local cultu and stamp out what's unique about our tribal and linguistic heritage, so they're fighting against any immigration. so it's reaimlly ortant to note the protesters in different parts of the country don't agree on the thng they're testing about. >> reporter: but they're agreeing in protesting what's going on and what is the possibility thathey have the ability to change government policy?we >> se already seen a suit filed before the supreme court. they are going t determine whether or not this passes muster with the equal protection clause ofhe constitution and the part of the constitution that essentially provides equal citizenship to people irrespecti of their religious background. most observers believe the court probably won't overturn this along those grounds.te now, several swho are not controlled by the b.j.p. said,

you know whaot we're oing to implement this in our state. now the way the law has been n writd the rule of it actually implemented, ve the ceral government the ability to override that sate disent. >> reporter: how much pressure are these protesters putting on the government in order to backtrack is this.s >> urban protee starting to spread. they're occurring inrural areas. ey started with predominantly muslim yrts, they're spreading to universities across the country, so if this is really sustained, that may force the government to actually, you know, respond that make some concessions. >> milan vaishnav of carnegienk endowment, tou very much. >> thanks. >> woodruff: more than 12 milliochildren under the age of five are in some form of child care in the u.s. a majority of those children are in home-based day ca. t in recent years there's been a significandecline-- about

20%-- in licensed home providers.special correspondente reports now on a new wave of startups aimed at helping parents and providers. >> reporter: the matning scene he ramierz household is likely a familiar one for many families.rk two g parents up early, getting breakfast on the table. childcare has been a big ramirez who is a fmeold reyna medical assistant. she raised her two older enchildren as a single par her community, moreno valley, calirnia, about 60 milesos outside of l angeles, is one ntry's many "childc deserts" where there are three or more children for every licensed chi care slot. ramierez managed to find spots for her first two children-- now 12 and 6-- at local daycare centers, but she didn't like leaving them there. >> back then i didn't feel like i had tomany childcare options. it was just so many kids, the centers were so big, so i felt like they couldn't keep an eye on all the kids at the same

time.ep >>ter: the care was also expensive-- $350 a week, nearly half her salary athe time. according to the u.s. department of health and human services, childcare that costs familiesth more than 7% or income is considered unaffordable. personal nannies and childcare centers, where overhead costs are high, are often the least affordable options for families. ramirez and her husband wanted to find a different care arrangement for their one-and-a- half-year old daughter jovina. last march, ramirez learned about a new app called "weecar"" that helps connect families with licensed and vetted home-based care providers in their area. she now walks jovina a short distance to a daycare where she's paying about $500 less a month and drop offs are a lot easier. tonetta riley is one of some 600 childcare providers in three sostates-- california, min, and illinois-- who have partnered launch in 2017.e its

in addition to helping families and providers connect via the app, the company ao offers services for daycare owners including licensing sundort, billing,ax assistance. weecare takes a percentage of the monthly tuition parents pay through the app, usually around 10%. >> i don't have to worry about trying to get payment from parents, and things of that nature. all i have to do is just focus on taking care of the kids, and teaching them, and helping them become good, healthy citizens. >> reporter: riley used to work at a daycare where she made just $10 an hour anher family struggled financially. that's a common problem for childcare workers in the u.s. where the average wage is about $25,000 a year. but riley says she's no longer struggling. >> my income has tripled. i get a lot moreusiness with ecare than i would get on my own. >> reporter: weecare is not the home-based childcare market. companies like wonderschool and my village have a similar focus.

all have their eyes on thee: prhe u.s. childcare industry's $47 billion of annual revenue. >> i want early childcare to nom ca an issue e. >> reporter: jeshang is the c.e.o. and co-founder of weecare which is based in a startup-ets-daycare office in venice beach, california. chang started the company after having a difficult time finding care for her first child.nt >> we o actually increase the supply of home daycares, because we actually sink that is tution for early childcare. we also want to improve the quality. the state of california really licenses for safety. that's the number one thing. >> reporter: not quality. >> not for quality, exactly. we definitely want you to be safe. but how do we actually make sure that the daycare is what parents actually want and need for their kids? >> reporter: she says weecare ensures quality by vetti providers for experience, among other things.

care-givers who utilizeag appropriate curriculum provided by the company-- and receive positive parent feedback-- a given higher ratings on the app. chang also wants to help nfamilies find care they afford. >> a lot of preschools charge $1,000-$2,000 month, while home daycares actually are a lot more affordable, they're about 30-40% cheaper than preschools. >> reporter: but even those lower rates are a stretch for some. >> it's beeneyond stre rful. orter: brianna brauns a 29-year-old single mother in van nuys, california. she recently returned to her job as a manager at best buy after giving birth to her son kyrie. ndshe says she tried to fiare for him on weecare and other childcare apps, but theer provnear her were out of her price range. >> for his age, they were ranging anywhere between $250 a week, up to i think the most expensive one i found was $400 a week. if i were to pay $250 a week, that would be almost half of my salary a month.

and then, you know, on top of rent, utilities, food, if he needs anything. it's definitely just not workable for me. >> reporter: childcare is now a daily scramble for braun. she's out the door most mornings before 5:00 a.m. so she can drop kyrie off with a friend an hour out of her way and get to work0 at 6:3m. she makes $33,000 dollars a year, but was told she doesn't qualify for government child care assistance. >> i just feel like they should have more subsidy programs, or even daycares that offer, you know, low income. >> reporter: michael olenick agrees. >> we have about 1.2 million kids who are eligible for a voucher program, but we only have enough funding for about 300,000. the childcare resource center in los angeles-- one of 60 nonprofits around the state that provide childcare subsidies and resources. olenick says the new wave of startups may be helpful for some, but they don't address underlying market realities.

>> i, it works in certain parts of los angeles, probably works ertain parts of miami, n york. but in san bernardino ty or rural iowa, it's not going to work. parents can't afford the true cost. you n't earn enough money, y can't charge enough money to a fee-paying parent to, in most of the working-cls communities, lower-income communities, to ke it worth your while. >> reporter: but for those who have been helped, life is a bit easier these days. weecare plans to expand to 15 states in 2020. for the pbs newshour, i'm cat wise in los angeles. >> woodruff: wyoming is the nation's least populous state, but it ranks near the top in per capita gun ownership. it's also home to the nation's most comprehensive collection of owstorical firearms. jeffrey n recently traveled to cody, where a renovated

firearms museum aims to trace the role guns have long played in athrican history. story is part of our ongoing series on arts and culture, "canvas." >> reporter: there's the old and strange:d >> that is cale "duck's foot pistol," but it's basically, it's a volley gun. reporter: the new and controversial: >> you'll hear the t "assault rifle," you'll hear the term "assault weapon." >> reporter: and some 7000 firearms of all kinds in between. the cody firearms museum was created in the 1970s, mostly with gun enthusiasts in mind. but after a brand-new $12 million renovation, says curator ashley hlebinsky, it can now tell a broader-- and necessary-- story. >> firearms have been tegral to understanding history, culte, technology and societ for centuries. and so, having a firearms museum is really a way thatan use those artifacts as a vehicle to talk about other topics. >> reporter: that includes guns as weapons of war... for sports

and hunting... as innovative technology. >> henry fd visited winchester right before he built his highland park factory in deoit, and he took what he learned at winchester and applied that to th tassembly lit he's become famous for. but you don't necessarily hear that firearms part of the story and that's gotten lost, finitely. >> reporter: housed in the smithsonian's "buffalo bill center of the west," the firearms collection is one of five museums of art and history, including the story of "buffalo bill" cody himself, the legendary soldier and hunter turned showman, who in 1896 helped establish this small town in northwest wyoming-- a deeply conservative state where guns have always been p"t of life. t"buffalo bill center" asks visitors to check visible firearms. don't think there's a guy t this community or a family in this community tesn't have a gun in their home. >> reporter: that includes former senator alan simpson, who

grew up and, now 88, still lives cody. >> there would be no history in america without the gun. i meanyou can gasp, and choke, and fall over on your head if you want to with that ent i just made. but i mean, withoua gun, the pioneers would have had nothing but an axe, and fighting o the elements and indigenous people, all of that is real. all of it. you cat rewrite history. >> reporter: but i could imagine people saying, "okay, that's all true, but a museum to celebrate guns?" >> we tell the history. we're not in the celebratory thing down here, where whave a big sign, "come on in and cherish guns with us." that's ( bleep ). this is the history of america, which is guns.>> was very skeptical at first. >> reporter: artist april jones, who lives and works neis a much newer resident of cody, one who came with different politics

and from a very different place, the san francisco bay area. >> a lot of my friends back there would be quite offendedas that there museum about guns. >> reporter: but jones is approach. with the museum's >> i think that's a nice balance to understand that, okay, you've got your sports shooters on the one hand that ybe competing in olympic events for target shooting and kind of stufe but then yout people who are really living in turmoil and too.ruction because of firearms, and i think that's more the conversation that our country shoulde having. it's a tool. properly?ases can it be used and, how can we stop it from being used improperly? >> reporter: there's no denying the fascination many have with guns. visitors from all overhe world-- here from the netherlands-- come to try them out at the nearby "cody firearms experience." general manager paul brock knows it's the movies that often drive people his way. >> when people say, "i don't know what to shoot," we'll say"" okay, what do you want?

johnny depp, john wayne or john wick?" >> reporter: we got tory all three: a 1790s "indian trade" musket. ( bo ) an 1873 colt single action revolver. ( boom ) and a modern ar-15. ( boom ) >> you shot best with the musket. that's unusual. >> reporter: i guess i'm an old- fashioned guy. the only shooting at the cody firearms museum is with simulators, to teach safety and mechanisms.different gun here, they aim for something else, such as getting definitions right. frequently but rarely in the correct ways." >> correct. >> reporter: as in just wh is meant by an "assault weapon?" >> if you are trying to create legislation for or against firearms, or whether you're trying to regulate these things, you have to be precise in the wording of tt legislation. so it's important to have the historical foundation of what

those words mean in to actually make sure you're talking about the right thing that you're trying to do in politics. >> reporter: there'slso this: a large mural originally made for the cover of "time mag sine" last yeawing several hundred people across the great american gun divide. and not every museum visitor loves it. >> we've had a couple of people on all sides say, "this is really divisive. why would yoput this up?" >> reporter: and what do you say to them? >> it's a very divisive debate. and this actually represents love it, it's okay to hate it.o we want to encourage people to thinreally long and hard abo firearms, to make their own conclusions about firearms. and this is an opportunity in the museum to feel something. >> reporter: for the pbs newshour, i'm jeffrey brown at the cody, wyoming firearms museum. >> woodruff: 75 years ago today,

one of the most saorge battles of war ii began as theri nazi army sud the u.s. and john yang now on today's known as "the battthe became bulge." ( trumpet ) >> reporter: memorial trumpets sounded on the solemn nd where u.s. soldiers held off the nazi war machine's last gasp. in the forests of bastogne, bulgium, american veterans of the battle of the received a heroes' welcome. u.s. defenseecretary mark esper. >> on this ground, where the outcome of the bate of the bulge hung in the balance, american troops fought and forged an incredibleictory that ensured hitler's defeat. ( tank fire ) ago today, the german armyrs allied forces in belgium andcing luxembourg. 1,000 nazi tanks and 200,000 troops tried to break the allied line and nearly did-- creati a "bulge" as they pushed defenses. badly outnumbered u.s. forcesru

bore the. for more than a month, they battled both the nazis and the bitter cold witheager supplies and low ammunition. at one point the germans demanded surrender. the now legendary response from american brigadier general anthony mcauliffe: a defiant-- "nuts!" his troo were ultimately reinforced by a soldiers led by general george patton. together they fended off thede nazis and t them a paralyzing defeat, but at a brutal cost. 10,000 americans died-- the costliest battle in the entire war today, performers honored their sacrifice. artificial snow fell amid the das cold rain, a reminder the battle's frigid conditions. one veteran of the battle, 96-year-old malcolm "buck" marsh, recounted his experience. >> it was in blizzard conditions. a belgian lady with a awl on

came out and had two mugs ofot chicken soup for each of us. best meal i've had, i guess, ever. >> reporr: marsh and the other veterans laid roses at a memorial for their fallen comrades. the once-young soldiers, now among the last remaining survivors of the men who held this line, stood for the national anthem. a salute to-- and from-- the greatest generation. for the pbs newshour, i'm john yang. >> woodruff: so e markable to e veterans. we thank them fo and that's the newshour for on friday... i'm judy woouff. join us onine and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and se.you soon >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> cnsf railway. sumer cellular.

>> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, technology,e and improvednomic performance and financial ryliteracy in the 21st cen >> supported by the john d. and catherine t.tiacarthur foun. committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful world. more information at macfound.org >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contribions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. ecaptioning sponsor by newshour productions, llc captioned by dia access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

[ theme music plays ] ♪ ♪ -i think i'm home ♪ i think i'm home ♪ along the road, along the road ♪ ♪ anytime you want me ♪ri you can find me living ght between your eyes, yeah ♪ ♪ oh, i think i'm home ♪ oh, i think i'm home -today on "cook's country," bryan tries to crack the secrets of a beloved north carolina dipped fried chicken recipe. jack challenges bridget to a tasting chocolate ice cream. and ashley makes bridget a classic version of nortcarolina lemon pie. that's all right here on "cook's cntry."