captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening, i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight, a trial in the making. what to expect as the u.s. house of repsentatives prepares to send articles of impeachment to the senate. then, locked out. the u.s. attorney general calls for apple to allow federal investigators access to theth smart phonese pensacola naval r station killer. and water stress. why a rain-drenched dian city doesn't have enough to drink. >> to build your foundation e r these largbuildings, you need to suck out the groundwater and pump it out. so you're actually just throwing away your future. >> woodruff: all that and moreon onight's pbs newshour.

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>> and with the ongoing suppnst of these itutions: wa >> this programade possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station om viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: the u.s. house of representatives is poised to te tomorrow to send the articles of impeachment against president trump to the senate. house speaker nancy pelosi said the house willlso vote tomorrow to designate impeachment managerso lead the prosecution at the senate's trial. we'll take a closer look at how that trial is shaping up after the news sumry.

a u.s. cyber-security firm said russian military agents hacked the ukrainian gas company at the center of president trump's impeachment probe. area one security said hackers tired to steal the login credentials of burisma employees in november. hunter biden, the former vicees ent's son, formerly served president trump's attempt to pressure ukrainian authorities into investigating the bidens and burisma for corruption led to his impeachment. european leaders took a major step in pressuring iran to adhere t today.rm nuclear deal y, france, and the u.k. triggered the deal's official dispute process, over iran'sec recention to no longer abide by its enriched uranium the dispute could lead to the re-imposition of u.n. sanctions against iran that wert under the deal.

but the european union insisd that is not the go. >> the aim of the dispute resolution mechanism is not to re-impe sanctions. i think it has to be clear that the objective therefore to find solutions and return to full compliance. >> woodruff: iran's foreign minister mohamad javad zarif called the use of the dispute mechanism "legally baseless", and said it was a "strategic mistake." iran arrested an undisclosed number of suspects today or the downing of a passenger jet that killed all 176 people on board. io people were also detained for taking part in nide protests that broke out after the iranian military admitted it accidentally shot down the plane. president hassan rouhani promised a thorough investigation for what he called an "unforgivable error."

>> ( translated ): iis not possible for just one person to be the culprit in this incident. there are others too and i would like this case to bexplained the people with honesty. the judiciary should form aco speciat with a high- ranking judge and tens ofex rts. this is not an ordinary case, the entire world will be watching this case. >> woodruff: the passenger jet was shot down last wednesday asr braced for retaliation for firing missiles on u.s. military bases last week. rouhani today also blamed the u.s. for inciting the ns that led to the tragedy. the trump administration said today it h no future plans to lift u.s. tariffs on some h 60 billion wo chinese goods. that comes as the u.s.nd china prepare to sign the first phase of a trade deal tomorrow. u.s. treasury secretary steven

mnuchin says china has made strong commitments that it won't manipulate currency, and he said the tears will re -- the tariffs will remain in place until there is phase two of the dea a severe snowstorm in afghanistan and pakistan has claimed the lives of 126 people since sunday. 55 of those deaths happened in pakistan-controlled kashmir over the last 24 hours. most died in a single avalanche. pakistani crews worked to clear the highways of snow. meanwhile in neighboring afghanistan, snowfall and landslides damaged some 300 homes. in the philippines today, a volcano near the capital city spewed lava half a mile into the sky. officials warned the taal volcano was at risk for an even bigger eruption. some rescued pigs from the small volcanic island. meanwhile, nearly 40,000 residents were forced to evacuate as nearby villages were blanketed in heavy ash. t ( translated ): a

people here have evacuated because the volcano might erupt. so we left everything, we were saved but when we came back here everything is destroyed. >> woodruff: the volcanic ash forced the governmenand schools in several cities to close today. hundreds of flights were eher canceled or delayed. back in this country, jet fuel from an airplane returning to los angeles international airport fell onto an l.a. area ementary school playgrou today. 40 children and adults were treated at the scene for minor injuries. delta airlines said the ane experienced an "engine issue" and had an "emergency fuel release."de the l aviation administration is investigating ate incident. stocks finished n wall street today. the dow jones industrial average gained 32 points to close at the nasdaq fell 22 points, and the s&p 500 slipped five. the women's national basketball

association and its players' union have reached a tentative labor deal that will allow hletes to earn six figures for the first time. the players will be paid an average of $130,000, and collect a full salary while on maternity and, the louisiana university tigers are celebrating their college football national championship win. l.s.u. beat clemson 42 to 25 last night in w orleans. the tigers snapped clemson's 29-game winning streak to secure theifirst national championship since 2007. senior quarterback joe burrow led the team to victory with six total touchdowns. still to come on the newshour: on the ground in wisconsin, one of the handful of states that may decide the presidential election. the f.b.i. and apple go head to head over unlocking a shooter's

iphones. an afghanistan veteran'sso ring take on p.t.s.d. and survivor's guilt. plus much more. oo >>f: we return now to the impeachment trial of president trump.rd lisa dess has new details. >> madame spthker, is tomorrow e day? >> djardins: she did not stop for cameras, but houpeaker nancy pelosi told house democrats privately that they will vote on sending articles of impeachment to the senate tomorrow. this aer she held onto the impeachment charges for over three weeks, exiting their meeting with her, democrats insisted it was the right call. >> iis important though to have made a point about the

fairness of this whole process. >> desjardins: this now setsp the third impeachment trial in u.s. history. president trump will face two charges: abuse of power and obstruction of congress. both center around president trump's request to ukrainian presidt volodymyr zelensky last summer to investigate the 2016 election as well as his political opponent, joe biden, for possible corruption related to time his son hunter served on a ukrainian energy board. democrats charge trump froze vital military aid and blocked a white house meeting in attemptsi to get the invtion. on the other side of the capitol, senate majority leadero mitch ell: >> our understanding is the house is likely to finally send articles over to us tomorrow. >> desjardins: ...and now theuc ke republican is mapping out the calendar, swearing senators in for the trial this week.

>> which would set us up to begin the actual trial next tuesday. so that's sort of the week ahead, and the early part of next week as it looks possibleno as of righand i think that's likely to hold up. >> desjains: mcconnell told reporters the most controversial question, of whether to call witnesse will be punted until later in the trial. roy blunt of missouri id the senate's priority is to have a fair trial where democrats and the president are both heard. >> we can't just have a one- sided process that suddenly ends, but a process where everybody gets a chance to be heard. >> desjardins: senate democrats insist they also want a fair dick durbin of illinois: >> when we talk about witnesses and evidence, coming before the senate on any impeachment proceedinggainst president trump, it isn't just on one side of the case. what we are suggesting is there should be witnesses from both sides.

>> desjardins: president trump left the white house tonight for a rally in milwaukee without stopping to weigh in. >> woodruff: and lisa joins me now to walk us through what we can expect over the next few weeks. li decisions on this.some walk us through the next steps here. a let's start with tody and tomorrow and wednesday orur ay. what's going the happen now, i'm getting days confused in my minl ady. let's make this clear. these are the things the house has to do first. the house will vote trial managers. then the house we are also expecting them to transmit the articles of impeachment to the senate. that's what we've been waiting for since december. then that will trigger at we expect thursday, the formal opening of this impeachment trial.ju , that's when the chiej will be sworn in as the presiding officer. he will th in turn swear i the rest of the senate as jurors essentially. they take oaths to be impartial at the beginning of the trial that. will be a limited formal proceeding thursday, but technically the opening of the trial. leader mcconnell say that the

actual trialill begin next tuesday. what does that mean? what are we looking for then? >> next week we're going to get into substance. there will first be a fight over procedure. mcconnell will propose his idea for the starting procedures and time lines that. will happen on tuesday early in day.g of the begi after this, then tuesday night we could see opening arguments begin in this trial. so then let's take a look at what this calendar could look like overall. first we would have opening arguments from the housingob ly next week, 4 hou they have. it could be spread over four days is th expectation. then after the house hasfi shed opening arguments, the white house gets the chance to present their case some time in this time frame leading into the next week. after that we would see a coupl of days tions. senators can askquestions in writing. judy, this calendar is vord for a lot of reasons. look at what's next. on february 3rd, monday, after all of this, the iowa caucuses.o

>>uff: right. >> on february 4th, the state of the union address. speaking to epublican leaders today, judy, i asked this question: they do not think the of those two dates, the caucuses or the state of the union address. ng woodruff: that's somet we're all noting today. so, lisa, still debate over whether witness wi be lled. where does all this stand right now? >> i got some blunt reporting from people interested in the cob sent of witnesses today. they say right now there are nt enough votes for witnesses to happen. but because this whole dialogue about wiesses is being punted until after opening arguments, the chance remains that it could happen, but toget a ltle bit overly deep here to, quote a kind of wise artist, "if you choose not to decide, which is m whonnell is doing, not deciding, "if you choosnot to decide, you're still king a choice," and he's mde a choice that he thinks benefits him and the poential for not having witnesses. we will see. the votes are not there yet. >> woodruff: so now that we

know what the start dates are, what exactly is this trial going to look like? it's not yonr typical sessf the united states senate. >> no, not at all, beginning with when they bri the eticles of impeachment ovr. during the clinton impeachment in 1998, the is henry hyde, the chairman of the judiciary committee, bringing ver the folder with the articles of impeachment to the senate secretary. that's someone we are see, more of the senate secretary. we're in the sure we will seec thisne, because the time line is different hire, but once the articles constituents into the samber, judomething notable people should realize, senators have to remain in theif seats for all the opening argument, all 48 hours. they canot speak, judy. so i guess you can sort of sert joke here. there will be 100 politicians who must only listen to the evidence as presentedor ks at a time. it will be an unusual, not dramaticking but substantive is ea presentation for weeks. >> woodruff: and it will be televisedful. >> >> it will be televised.

that's right. there was a request for ne cameras to be put in. that request has been denied, but we will see the typical views of the senate as we watch every day. >> wdruff: limited views of who is speaking and so forth,. >> negotiations over every little piece of this, including security, which is another question. >> woodruff:isa desjardins, ank you. >> my pleasure. >> woodruff: there have been few certainties, in what has been a very fluid 2020 presidential election cycle so far. but it is likely that wisconsin will againe of the battleground states this fall, that will help decide whetumr president wins a second term. mr. trump is campaigning tonight in milwaukee, the stat largest city, and our own yache alcindor is on the ground there, surveying the political mood. hellha yamiche. yo been trying to get a

sense of how both sides in this presidential cycle, both democrats and republicans are trying the appea to voters. >> wisconsin is sen as a critical state for both democrats and republicans. presidstt trump won thie 000 votes,than 23, quite a bith feweran 23,000 votes. there is a slim margin that democrats and republicans are eyeing. there is a fight with republicans pushing tourge at least 200,000 voters from the roles. democrats e trying to stop that. that's moving through the courts. you see a legal battle. there we have been out talking to republicad democrats about this. here's what a republican had to say about the president com tg to wisconsnight. side, there's a lot of energy on their eede. but theyto get their voters out, and that will potentially could swiscng sin blue. obviously i'd like to see it stay in the red column, but obviously you know, trump needs to continue to talk up the

strong u.s. economy, strong consumer gwth, you know, strong stock market has beenry ood, you know, consumer confidence has been very good. >> so there you hear a sepublican voter saying this i what president trump needs to say to us. we were also out talking to democrats, and they are using the president's visit here to organize. they have been canvassing. here's what rick banks, a political director of an organization focusing on voters of color specifically. they have been registering voters in northern milwaukee. here's what had to say about the president coming here and how that could affect their work. >> there is nothing that moves people from trump to come in our backyard and spew the hate and the racism and thepo badlitical policies that he spews.ng that's gto motivatpeople to turn out. i think people are really fired up. people who see the impeachment things and they see what's going on with an and they're just like, man, this guy is just nuts. we got to get hiout of here. >> so that's really both sides saying that wisconsin chitly

important, judy. >> woodruff: and we heard the gentleman you spoke with just now mention impeachment. it's likety ly the prwisident bring it up tonight. what are his supporters where you are saying abouimpeachment in this senate trial coming up? >> we're at a trump rally, so thecem fiersst supporters, his t loyal supporters, but they are saying they do not feel as though the president s threatened at all by the senate impeachment trial. democrats have been thying that is really a critical phase of this, that the president could be removed if they can convince enough americans and enough republicans to vote to remove hims but herat a pretty loyal trump supporter had to say about the impeachment trial that's going to be heading r and coming to a head >> the whole impeachment thing, you kn, that nancy pelosi kind of dreamed up here is nothing t a joke. people are already feeling like even democrats arerting to feel like, you know, it was just a rce. they don't have anything really

you know, he's been impeached, but he's the only president that's been impeached th.t has broken no laws. >> ouf corse, that voter says the president has broken no laws. democrats disagree. they say the president should not have pushed to investigatete joe and hubiden. trump supporters see nothing wrong with what the president did. they are echoing a lot of the president's own poatts. he said democrats went after him on this issue because they were mad about the 2016 election and a want to see him go out of office. judy?>> woodruff: yamiche, the other story in the hedlines, that is of course iran, the decision by the president to got after, to kie iranian general soleimani. what are his supporters saying about that? >> the president is still facing critical questions, a lot of qu ttions on whether or noe threat that soleimani posed was a minent. there have beet of top national security officials that said they didn't know the place or time that this attack was going to happen.um president has been having an evolving explanation about

why soleimani was atlled, but said, his supporters say this is really all semantics and that peoe should be getting behind this president. so here's what one voter told us about that issue. >> most of e mainstream media is swooning over the guy like he was a revered military leader. he was a terrorist, you know. go interview the mainstream media, go interview the soldiers who are missing limbs. go interview the people who don't have legs that can't walk in the front door, but they're over there inrviewing iranians. >> woodruff: that voter is saying that soleimani was b person and we shouldn't discuss whether mirity it was imminent d we need to fs on the fact that he was someone threatening americans. from a lot of supporters.ea someone else told me he rallied even as a republican raled around president obama when he killed ostrovskynd -- osama bin laden, but he feels people should do the same for president trump. even as president trump facesm criticer the killing of soleimani, his supporters are backing him here. >> woodruff: it doesound t from talking the that

voter. yamiche, you'll cover the president's rally tonight. we look forward the heaatng about it. yamiche alcindor on the ground >> thanks, judy.anks. >> woodruff: those of us who use smart phones find they havetr become c to our lives, and they contain an enormous amountn of our personarmation. they're also at the heart of an escalating fight bethe department of stice and apple. lliam brangahm explores this latest battle over privacy and security. >> this was an act of terrorism. >> brangham: on december 6, a gunman opened fire at a naval air station in pensacola, florida killing ree sailors and wounding eight others. after a 15 minute shootout with security officers, theunman, who was carrying two apple ipnes, was killed, but not before he tried to destroy the phones. the shooter disengaged long

enough to place one of the phones on the floor and shoot a single round into the device. it also appears the other phone was damaged. >> brangham: now those phones are at the cter of a standoff between the department of justice and apple. barr asserts investigators need access to the phones to determine who/whom, if anyone, the killer collarated with, and to determine if there are any planned future attacks. he provided no evidence of potential collaborators yet. but the iphones are lock. and six years ago, the tech giant stopped helping theve ment unlock its devices and it also beefed up the phonei secuty systems. apple argues data privacy is a paramount issue of privacy rights, saying: "americans do not have to choose betweenak ing encryption and solving investigations." apple says its turned over a significant amount of data from the shooter's phones. all but the government argues

these may be more on the dev themselves. is echoes a debate from 2015, after a gunman and his wife wenm on age in san bernardino, california, killing 14, apple defied a court order to unlock an iphone belonging to o of the shooters. >> we still have one of those killers' phones that we have not been able to open. and it's been over two months now. we're still working on it. >> brangham: back in 2014, apple made it so that an iphone cod only be opened with the device's personal password, which is set by the owner. even apple can't break the code. in this case, the f.b.i. paid an undisclosed third partypo edly more than $1 million to crack the phone open. experts say the f.b.i. may t this method again now. last month, the senate judiciary committee held a hearingy exploring the sues at stake. erik neuenschwander, director of

user privacy at apple argued that creating a back-door inei devices would open pandora's box. >> encryption is the underlying technology providing information security in all modern systems. we do not know of a way topl encryption that provides access only for the good guys without making it easier for the bad guys to break in. >> brangham: new york city's district attorney cyrus vance testified that law enforcement needs to have occasional, legal access to a suspect's phone. >> the single most important criminal jusce challenge in the last ten years is, in opinion, the use of mobile devices by bad acts to plan,nd execute,ommunicate about crimes. just as ordinary >>srangham: law enforcement urging congress to act, to provide a legislative solution to this conflict. they're citing penntcola as an

urxample of the need for the law to keep up with rapid changes in technology. but there's no movement yet to get it to the president's desk. for the pbs newshour, m william brangham. >> woodruff: stay with us, coming up on the newshour:th e two popes clash over the celibacy of certain priests. why an indian city's taps run dry evenhen monsoons bring powerful rainfall. h and on thels of six oscar nominations, visiting the family home that inspired "little women." two decades of u.s. wars in the middle east have taken a heavy toll on those who served. but one consequence of the confcts is still not well former sergeant adinehanselt. ed in afghanistan and iraq

as an army medic. he's now a journalist, and one of his most recent artics was published in the "new york times," titled, "i watched friends die in afghanistan. the guilt has nearly killed me." linehan recently sat down with nick schifrin and discussed his >> schifrin: as you sit here talking, do you feel guilty about surviving? >> i don't feel guilty about surviving. i feel guilty that i'm on camera talking about. my deployment. >> schifrin: because other people can't. >> yeah, yeah. because other people can't. guilt is a kind of catalyst. you come back feeling guilty, and you start drinking to repress it. in my case, you start abusing drugs. know, for me, it just felt like nihilism. >> schifrin: take me back to 2010 and take me back to tendahar. me what happened in the villages sangsar.

>> one day they just they hit ui with a s bomber and we just were completely blindsided by that. the guy walked right up to my squad later and it killed ve people and wounded, you know, several more. and i remember thinking like immediately, like, i'm in some way kind of responsible for this. >> schifrin: you had 18 people killed during your deployment,gh that is a lot of people. >> yeah. the battalion lost, yeah, 18 people. >> schifrin: what you experienced was traumatic and it deeply affected you. d how much despa you go through? >> the way it manifested for me was, i mean, drinking. you know, alcoholism is a problem in my family, on my on my father's side of the family. and my grandther kind of set the tone for that. when he came back from world war ii. and so i just kind of maybe that

was just a subconscious blueprint that i had to follow. and so, i drank an excessive amount. drug abuse, right? i was like, why am i going to go get, you kw, what's the point of getting enrolled in the v.a. if in going, seeing, going to a therapist and staff, they're they're going to tell me that, you know, life is worth living. showe evidence. >> schifrin: at this point, youa understandsome of the guilt you felt was irratioutl. you talk axistential survivor guilt beingesistant to logic. it resistant to lon, and why is >> so if you would ask me if i did in afghanistan around the i time that i started to kind of have this breakdown, i would have said no. hithe guilt is masking som else. w because when over there

and i saw these things, i felt afraid, but i didn't feel sad, and so i thoughti don't have a right to say iave p.t.s.d. because when i saw it happen, i didn't feel anything. i was numb. >> schifrin: meaning, you know, guys who went through worse. >> yeah. trauma was auy getting his leg blown off or people getting shot ple getting killed. that was trauma. that's traumatic. simp witnessing it, that's i mean, there are light years between those two experiences and so me kind of that's something i wrestle with a lot. >> schifrin: how did you lose the feeling of doom? >> i remembered that when i left afghanistan, i had this really o ki- like, life was scredible you see people y people do bad things, but you also see people do extraordinarily good

things, you know so it's good to be reminded of that, you know? i'm trying to get back a little bit of that way that i felt because at the end of the forward to life. looking >> schifrin: and it seems to me thathis is where your grandfather's story comes in. >> so my grandfather was a b-24 pilot in europe, and he flew somewhere between 44 and 50 missions. and he flew d-day with the 8th air force. fi came home, his brother came home from the paand they started at a company together. and it was really successful. and somewhere around the age i am now, things started to, you know, turn in the other direction.en and when it happened, it happened really fast. i mean, my grandfather didn't see the point of getting sober.

>> schifrin: do you feel at some point you realized there was a point to staying sober? >> yeah, i mean, at some point l ed that if i just keep doing what i'm going to do when i'm doing, my life iligonna turn ou his. >> schifrin: and s yyou realized isn't running awayg on what does that mean? >> for me, that's lire was like a really profound realization.g that i was try put as much distance between myself and all of the all of the kind of guilt and drama of going to war that's inevitable-- the people who got n wounded and killed and ee personal dramas between people who are so who are livclg so ely together and get to know each other. and then you just, you know, you feel like you're kind ofm. abandoning t so you kind of, you know, just repress the memory of them too,

and sever contact and stuff. and so, reconnecting has been, has been incredible. s ifrin: so now you've made those contacts. you've thought about what you've done. you understand a little bit more. >> i understand a little bit more. that's all there is, you know? you understand a little bit more. that is, in itself, can justhe dialressure down, and you thinking about these things.of and you'll see that there areot r-- you'll see possibilities.if >> sn: someone who's felt the despair that you felt when what understanding do you want them to have? >> that the stuf you saw over there, and what you learned over there about yourself, about the way that the world works, it doesn't go away. forget that. yoing to be able to

have to figure out how to integrate that wisdom into your life, because that's what it is, it's wisdo if you let it be.ng the chalis to be able to carry that gracefully, withn courage, to beample for other people, and i think, like, you can really become someone extraordinary if you are able to kind of leverage that for good. so i think that's what i, ah, that's what i wanthem to understand. >> schifrin: adam, the piece you've written is extraordinary. >> thank you. >> woodruff: the stories coming out of rome this week areia essey unprecedented. former pope benedict was said tn be weighinn a sensitive issue facing his successor, pope francis. that alone was highly unusual.

but then, it turned out heed repo disagreed with a potential change in church law that pope francis was considering. the issue is the law of celibacy, which divides many catholics. amna nawaz picks up the story from there. >> nawaz: judy, the controversy was tied to a book, said to be benedict, being published next month. p in it, te emeritus defends priestly celiby as integrato the catholic church, and writes, he could "not remain silent" about it. that flies in the face of a vote at a special summit conved by pope francis last fall, where bishops agreed some married men could be ordained. if pope francis approves the change, it would apply just to certain regions where there are priest shortages. the latest twist? benedict's team just today issued a statement saying he didn't actuay co-author the ok, and wants his name removed. father thomas reese is a senior analyst at religion news service and habeen following this

issue closely. and he joins me now. welcome back to the news hour. >> good to be with you. >> nawaz: a lot to unpck here. let's take it step by step. setting asi this issof pope benedict's involvement in the book or not, just onhe issue of celibacy, how big a deais it that pope francis is considering changing this rule? >> this is a very big deal. there are places in thworld where you might have a prest visit a village once a year, and we're a youk are lisc community. you can't have mass. you can't have a youk ist without a priest. there is a great ed for more priests in many places in the world. quite frankly, most men don't nt the give up marriage and family as a price of being a priest. so if these communities are go g to beserved, i think we the possibility of ordainingto married men. >> nawaz: this is very clearly ia point of divisionthin the church, though, correct? >> there's a lot of argument.

i think most people in the pews, as soon as you ask them, do you want mass on sunday? they'll say yes, and they'll say yes the married clergy because they want mass on sunday. it's a small, conservative fiminority that is reallhting this. >> nawaz: a small conservative minority, but there is w this book that argues for it. pope benedict's nams attached to the book. he's now saying and his team iso saying he'well, he didn't actually agree to co-author this book, he wants his name moved. his co-author has said that's true. he has correspondence saying he was part of this book. what do you make of that? >> i looked at the coor it's quite clear that pope benedict did write one essay in the book that.-doesn't make himr of the book.

and the cardinal was trying to say he also worked on the introduction and conclusion, and pope beedict's repsentatives are saying, no, he did not. so, you know, pope benict, en he was a theologian, contributed to collections of essays all the time. but that doesn't make you a co-author. and i think the cardinal was very confused. >> nawaz: on this issue of clerical celibacy, are popend benedictope francis on different sides of the issue? >> well, that's not clear yet because i think maybe you could put hit the way: pope benedict has alady made up his mind, the answer is no. pope francis giving this recommendation serious consideration, and he might say yes. >> nawaz: this is why this r matterht? when you're talking about more than a billion catholics who are looking to churcleadership for guidance, there seems to be a divide. how does this complicate issues when you have a former retiredin

pope weiin on issues a current pope is trying to make decisions about. e inhis is a problem we hav the catholic church, and it's one we need to fix. we can't have two popes.i think we new rules forow we deal with retired popes. i think when he retires he should revert to his original name. he should be called joseph ratzingea he should beed a retired cardinal. he should not wear the whi. he should return to the black cassock or red cassock of ao cardinalake it very clear that these two people are not equal. there only one pope in the catholic church, and today that's pope francis. >> nawaz: doesll of this, this controversy, this confusion, pope benedict, the pope emerus allegly weighing in on this issue now, does all of this co'mplicate pope franc ability to continue his agenda, to be ble to make these changes if he sees fit for the church?

well, it is a prop, because if pe francis does decide, okay, i am going to allow for the ordination of married men i the amazon region, well, then, people will say, oh, but pe nedict said no, and you're going against this. and that doesn't look good. but this is the way the catholic church operates. there's only one pope, and he has the right the make this. decisi and, you know, pope benedict recognizes that. he would accept whatever decision pope francis makes. and the people who are alys quoting pope benedict should realize that and be ready to acpt whateverecision pope francis makes. >> nawaz: complicated topic. we'll continue to follow it here. father, thank you as always. >> god to be with you. >> woodruff: one-fifth of the world's population lives without enough water and in india, half

of india's population, some 600 hereion, reside in areas water resources are highly stressed. special correspondent fred de sam lazaro reports from the coastal city of chennai on the balancing act between rapid economic development and water management. >> reporter: in chennai's poorer neighborhoods, like ayanavaram, people drop whatever they're doing when they hear the water tanker squeezing into the narro. alle it is their only source of clean drinking water and it comes every other day. >> ( ertranslated ): the tap we get stinks of sewage, this water is much better. we depend on the water tankers. >> reporter: they don't get a lot, just a couple of gallonsr household, which is saved drinking and cooking. arduous and back breaking as getting it seems, these are good times compared to what they've endured earlier this year. >> ( translated ): now the supply is good. >> reporter: last june, toward

the end of an epic drought, this coastal city of more than eight million residents ran out of water with its massive drinking water was r oioned, and point even brought in by on trains from 135 miles away. >> the problem is cyclbut >> reporter: t prabhushankar heads the city's water department. >> such disaers which we go through actually serve as a catalyst for us to quicken our pace, but inhis process and as always been ongoing. >> reporter: the city has built two desalinatiba plants on the of bengal in recent years and two more are scheduled to come on line. amir basha manages this plant. >> desalination plants are acting as a backbone to give a steady supply and reliable supply of water. sea water is abundantly available and we are able to >> reporter: but however 6economics professor s janakarajan says rainwater is also abundantly available and desalination is the wrong answer >>e are not in the middle east, not part of saudi arabia with the so much of rainll, resorting to desalination is

extremely irrational. >> reporter: chennai on average gets 55 inches of rain a year, far more rain than seattle or london. one big difference, he says, is there's been rapid population growth here. in recent years, chennai has become a center for car manufacturing, and for information technology that's drawn millions of high-or techrs, factory workers and migrants from surrounding rural areas. and all of that has dramatically increased the demand for water while at the same time reducing the supply of it. ironically, all the new housing s left residents cut off from accesso fresh water. builders paved over hureds of acres of wetlands, natural reservoirs and drains that s plenished aquifers below. when the monsoonavy, and extremes have become moreco common, a moron occurrence in a hotter world and climate patterns are increasingly extreme, the water s nowhere to drain. >> so, 2015 was the flood of the century, and 2016 was a drought of the century, 2017 was a

rainfall and 2018 was again extreme drought year very .d, drought yeep >> rter: nityanand jayaraman, an environmental activist, took us on a tour to see the impact of encroament and develoent. so this used to be a rice field. >> this used to be rfields. and in order to construct here, the ,ound water level is very very high. so to build your foundation for theslarge buildings, you nee to you know, dig, and then suck out the groundwater and pump it out.al so you're ac just throwing away your future. >> reporter: trading water for land and building has been happening since the 1600s, when the british east india company, created the city of madras,na present-day ch in those days, thousands of lakes and tanks dotted the landscape, serving small agrarian communities around them. >> so virtually every one of these blue patches that you see are human made engineered irrigation tanks that they did back to more than 1,000 years, >> reporter: steady, these tanks were built over or

encroached or abandod in a world where jayaraman says land was highly valued-- a trend that's been particularly intense over the past two decades. >> under modern economic parlance, be it in india or in houston, texas, what development means is constructing more buildings, paving more open earth with hard concrete or asphalt or steel and glass. >> reporter: for their part,nt resiin these new developments have their own complain. >> we pay our taxes, but we don't get the semuices that the cipality is supposed to give us. >> reporter: harsha and prabha koda have been wting for a decade to get their 50 unit apartment complex hooked up to the city's water and sewer system. >> it's been 10 years since we moved in, which means 15 years since the plans were passed. and still no infrastructure. >> reporter: they rely on private water tankers. when prabha saw one arri during a downpour, she was moved >> so that's when the idea

struck me like, let's just get the rainwater collected and use it. >> reporter: the kodonvinced their association, and dozens of other such complexes-- condominiums, buildings-to build a simp system of pipes and storage. >> we have been going around preaching this like evangelists, >> reporter: what has is it done to water costs and your water security? tankers.uy rains, and last month, we bought 50% less water than we would have >> reporter: rainwater collection has actually beenin mandated by chennai since 2003, but compliance-and enforcement-are minimal. there are poweul interests benefit from water shortages private water tanker operators, kentractors for multi-billion dollar projects desalination plants. shanta nair, is a retired head of chennai's water utility, where she says there's a definite bias for big projects.

>> you lay pipes and you bring water from across, you desalinate, you build huge dams and reservoirs, you don't do small thingsike water harvesting. so this message is not going from therofessionals to the political, to the heads also.. >> there is sort of an oversimplification that just harvesting, harnessing the rainfall alone will solve the needs of the city. >> reporter: the water authority's prabhushankar says it won't. he says re sewage water recycling plants and the expanded desalination are an insurance policy that will ield chennai, once and for all, from its water insecurity can you say with some confidenci that forward, you will never have a problem like you had this year? el absolutely. when i say the te 2024-25 this will certainly be a thing of the past. >> reporter: the kodas, already tywaiting a decade for a u homo up say that's just one re prom many of those less well-off may well continue to lurch from day to day, water tanker to water

tanker for the mt basic of human needs, one or two cans, for the pbs newshour is fred de sam lazaro, in chennai, india. >> woodruff: fred's reporting is in partnershipith the under- told stories project at the university of st. thomas in minnesota. >> woodruff: finalight, the film "little women" received six oscar nominations this week, including best picture. the movie is an adaptation of louisa may alcott's well-known novel inspired by her own family, and their home in concord, massachusetts. special correspondent jared bowen of wgbh in boston looks at how alcott's "sense of place" led to a work that endures some5 0 years later. it's part of ongoing arts and

culture coverage, canvas. >> bronson alcott always had a place to think, write, rea wherever she lived. th reporter: the girls were young adults whe family proved to concord, purchasing this home situated on 12 acres and an aple orchard for $950 in 18. what's theorrect pronunciation of the family's last name. >> all-cut. >> not all-cot. >> no. h> jan is he executive director of the alcott'se. she's steeped in the family's history and their everyday life, encouraged to live freely andre dance regularly. >> they had a lot of company. every monday night they were at

home. they would put a curtainu across here and the family would put onlays, especially louisa and her sisters. they would play games. mrs. alcott loveed to play chess. we have the original board. >> reporter: mid-1800s concord s a who's who of thought leaders, emerson, thoreau and nathaniel haw thowrn, who didn't always share their ideals. on they were progressive, liberal, abolits and just maybe sufficed to say that thatr than aal haw was very consistent politically. >> reporter: already aho published au louisa was asked to write a girl's story, much to her dismay. as she put it, she doesn't ow any girl she played with boys. she played with her sisters. >> reporter: but needing money, she wrte "little women" with stories inspired from her own seildhood. she this home as the setting. when louisa lived here. it was

>> when people walk through and see items it's so clear they d to have touched and useed, like the sewing materials, like theth needle wor they did, the paintings and craw -- drawingsin i those speak most closely to that sense of they're here. >> reporter: this i assume iars t of the pilgrimage right here. this is where "little women" was written? louisa was so fortunate to have this desk. it doesn't look like much, but you have to member that in that time women were not supposed to be serious writers. bedroom, surrounded by art made by her sister may, louisa wrote "little won" in threemonths on the desk her father ilt. >> it wasn't only her fahe her mother was extremely supportive, too. and they were saying, you can do this. >> reporter: one room over is her sister m bedroom. it's decorated, as is much of the hose, with her ow artwork. may was an accomplished painter

whose work sold well in europe. shllwas especadent at painting in the style of j.m.w. turner. >> shewa hired by a london art they could loan copies outs so to artists who were trying to practice. >> we find the intersection of the visual arts and theater right here in this trunk what do we see here? >> yes, well, these boots were made by louisa herself. she writes about them in her journa she actually sometimes created characters for the boots, because she liked wearing them so much. they fit her.d you look in this sketch that may all cot did, re you see the boots being worn by louisa. she's playing the le of rodrigo. if you read "little women," that's the play the girls are putting on for christmas day. >> reporter: lots of people read "litt i women." almotantaneously the book was a bestseller, but louisa celebrity.ish her newfound >> she sometimes would say she was porcupiney about it.

because people would come right up to this house, right up to the front door and ask for an autograph. >> reporter: she would sometimes answer the dooenr ding to be a srvant. >> yes, she absolutely did. >> reporter: fame is visiting this house once again. >> i'm working on a tbofl.s itstory of my life and my sisters. >> reporter: the latest film adaptation of "little men," written and directed by greta just collected six oscarow and nomination, including best rnpicture. orcester was a consultant and said the filmmakers wanted to be as authentic as possible. >> reporter: greta gerwig took sush an interest. brought the cast through the house and the different production people were through and talking about paint colors and measure. s and floor plans. >> reporter: turnquist says the new film captures the essence of the home like no other adaptation she has, ofse conothing compared to experienci the alcott home in

person, and often from peop who have come from around the world. >> when they come in with so much awe, enthusiasm and really love, they love the book, the like the values of that family. they like the idea of caring for d your family lping other people, and then that jives with us. we feel the same way. it's almost like a little celebration. >> reporter: for >> reporter: for the pbs newshour, i'm jared bowen. >> woodruff: and the newshour's executive producer got to visit that house while she was in the sixth grade. very special infremation. for rom our canvas coverage of "little women," >> woodruff: you can watch our yang and "little women" director greta gerwig, plus find an online exclusive where gerwig teexplains what being nomi for "best director" in the past has meant to her and other women. that's at pbs.org/newshour. tonight.'s the newshr for i'm judy woodruff. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and see you soon.

>> major funding for the pbs y:wshour has been provided >> audrey is expecting. >> twins. e grandparents, we want put money aside for them, so change in plans. >> all right. let's see what we can adjust. >> change of plans. >> okay. >> mom, are you painting again? >> let me guess.hese. change if plans? >> at fidelity, a change of plans is always part of the plan. >> the ford foundation. working with visionaries on the frontlines of socialnge worldwide. >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the ntvancement

ofnational peace and security. at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals. >> this program was made porible by the corporation public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at bh access.wgbh.org

hello, everyone, and welcome to "amanpour and company." anger on the streets of iran as people protest the downing of l e ukrainian passenger plane. where ll this lead? and it drags kiev into another internional crisis. i'm joined by a former deputy foreign minister. then -- >> ovethe years we've lost a lot of money to china. a pivotal week in trump's trade war. sch the which is the biggest strategic challenge for the united states, iran or china? >> all of esscscscsc seem to be hapning because there's no other social network to compete. >> taking on monopolies, facebookwn