captioning sponsored by newshourroductions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight: >> we are here today to cross a very important threshold in american history. >> woodruff: the u.s. house formally votes to send the articles of impeachment to the senate, setting the stage for the trial of president trump. then, gender divide. democratic presidential hopefuls discuss whether a woman can win the white house at their final debate before the iowa caucuses. and: >> together we are righting the wrongs of the past, and delivering a future ofmic justice and security for american workers, farmers, and families. he>> woodruff: a treaty in trade war. the u.s. and china sign off on e first phase of a deal. what in it? and how far does it go? plus, outbreak.

on the ground in the democratic republic of congo, where ebola and war remainat constant th all that and more, on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provid by: ♪ >> fidelity invements. >> bnsf railway. >> consumer cellular. >> american cruise lines. >> supporting socialne entreps and their solutions to the world's most pressing problems-- skollfoundatioorg. >> the lemelson foundation. committed to improving lives through invention, ithe u.s. and developing countries.

on the web at lemelson.org. >> supported by the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful world.ma more infon at macfound.org on and with the ongoing support of these institu pr >> thiram was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting.ut and by contrns to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: the house of representatis voted today to send articles of impeachment against president trump to these senateing the stage for an capitol hill corrent lisa ahead. desjardins begins our coverage. >> desjardins: today, an historic walk across the capitol that washington waitedearly a month to see-- house officials crossing to the senate to signal

and spark the impeachment trial. the newly-appointed house managers, members of congress who will prosecute the case, walked behind the house clerk, who delivered a message setting the trial in motion. this timing, determined by the house speaker. es we are here today to cross a very important tld in american history. >> desjardins: on the floor of the house chamber, nancy pelosi defended her decision to hold back the articles of impeachment until now. >> don't talk to me about myti ng. for a long time, i resisted a calls fross the country for impeachment. >> desjardins: she said the president's actions regarding ukraine gave the house no choice. republicans, led by california's kevin mccarthy, fired back thacr des are motivated solely by politics. >> this is not a moment thisd body sho proud of. as peli likes to say, if

impeachment is a natiovics lesson, let's use this blunder as a teachable moment. >> desjardins: with the new phase of impchment, comes the newly-announced team of house managers. half the size of tpointedy in the 1999 clinton impeachment trial, iludes democrats adam schiff d jerry nadler, the two chairmen who led the impeachment hearings. it's also made up of two forme lawyers, a former police chief, and a former judge, well as representative zoe lofgren, who was in congress for both theto clinand nixon impeachments. those managers have some new evidence today, with the release of documents last nighobtained from lev parnas, an indicted associate of mr. trump's personal lawyer, rudi giuliani. those include his handwritten note, saying, "get zelensky to announce that the biden case a letter displaying giuliani's first outreach to the newly- elected ukrainian president, stating giuliani was working with "trump's knowledge and

consent." and a copy of text messages between parnas and ukraine's to prosecutwhich appear to show they were tracking the wherorbouts of former ambassad to ukraine marie yovanovich, who was later recalled by president trump. democrats say that's the kind of information that the delay in starting the tri n has brought. ew documents and additional witnesses have emerged that president's guilt.o the >> desjardins: on twitter, president trump charged democrats with a "con job" and questioned the timing of the new evidence, writing, "all of this work was supposed to be done by the house, not the senate!" on the senate floor, on the precipice of the trial, majority leader mitch mcconnell dismissed >> this is not, mr. president, some earnest fact-finding mission that brought us where we are. this is not about the nuances of foreign assistance to eastern europe. this has been naked partisanship all along.

>> desjardins: the senate will transform into an impeachment courtroom soon, when senators are sworn in for the trial. >> woodruff: and lisa is here with me now, as we continue to inch closer to this historic trial. so lisa, tell us a little bit about what we know about the thinking on the part of speaker pelosi in choosing this group of managers.ng >> my repors there was a lot of thought over who would do this. there were many membos wh wanted this opportunity, who knew this case, who were on the in the end they picked a small team that they felt would both be good in reprng th message and the substance of what they are pursuing here with the articles of impeachment. there is another factor here. they wanted his team the look different than the 1999 team. take a look at that 1999 republican impeachment team that prosecuted the articles agaiprt ident clinton. you see 13 of them. these photos show what dem trats are tryi do. let's look at the team.

there you are. there were no women 1 99, no people of color prosecuting that case. here you have a team that looks more like america, and that's the point that democrats are trying to make. they also said they thought that large team in 1999 wa just too unwieldy. they want this to be more focused. >> woodruff: so clearly, lisa, folks at the white house watching all this very, very closely. what do we know about what they're expecting at this point? >> woodruff: >> what we don't know is wh will be representing the president next week his trial starts in earnest, but they had a call. the senior administration official said they will announce that when they're ready. witnesses should bwed fort think the house team because they think the house has had its opportunity tode gather evie, however, the white house also said they think the president shou be able to call winesses because they do not think he has had the chance to do that in a fair manner ye. >> woodruff: so they're still saying, we need the call witnesses. >> they' say the white house would like the call its witnesses. >> woodruff: as yu reported as we hrd, new evidence coming

out from this associate of the president's lawyer, rudy giiani mark named lev parnas. what do we know about that? right, well,as we reported in the story, these are a lot of his own notes, hisioonvers with different people. democrats look at this evidence and say, these ar more dots connecting the president directly to what was going on in ukand that the president himself was part of giuliani's effort for their reasons that they tinkere corrupt. republicans say, no, wait a minute, this is just someone who works with giuliani. we don't foe if this person is truthful. we also don't kn g uliani really did talk to the president or not or if he was just relaying that. republicans say this is not the direct piece of evidence thatcr des see. >> woodruff: and so we don't know whether that's going to be introduced or part of the senate tria >> it's interesting. it actually has been forwarded. it will be forwarded when all the evidence comes ove senate, and it is something that is leading to some confusion. today maine senator susan collins, a significant potential

swing vote said itas perplexing that the house presented this evidence now, but >> woodruff: what do we look for tomorrow? >> right. okay. let's start with the order of evts. at noon eastern time, thwh's the house manageers will come in and formally present the articles of imp they walked them over tonight, but because of the rituals an rules of the senate, they will formally present them tomorrow. they will be read out lod just after noon. then at 2:00 p.m. eastern time tomorrow, that's when we will see chief justice john roberts sworn in as the p officer of this trial. he will then in turn swear in the rest of the senate as essentially jurors, and that will close out sort of the form opening of thitrial. it's interesting, judy, that that's not the only bus senate will conduct. tomorrow we also expect the senate before all of this toap pevote on this large u.s.m.c.a., u.s. mexico canada

trade deal. and early next week there could be a vote on more powers limiting the preside's war powers in regards to iran. all of the are things that we're watching. we know, judy, right now the american public is split on impeachment some it's going to be interesting to see how these two sides try to focus that opinion. >> woodruff: for sure. senate leadership wants to make it clear they're doing other business at the same time they're dealing with this. >> woodruff: >> i think that's part of it, but i ink estimate wants to get these things done. if they don't do this s. mexico trade deal now, itul wo be in the middle of a trial. it would be harder to do. >> woodruff: understood. lisa desjardins, thanku. th >> woodruff: iday's other onws, president trump signed "phase one" of aawaited trade agreement with china. beijing pledged to increase its

purchases of u.s. farm products and other goods. but u. tariffs on $360 billion in chinese imports will remain in place for now, as the trade negotiations enter their second phase. we will take a closer look at what is at stake, and hear from one of t president's chief advisors on trade, later in the program. a federal judge in maryland today temporarily blocked president trump's executive order allowingtates and localities to bar refugees from resettling in their areas. there was no immediate word on whether the trump administration would appeal. last week, texas became the first state to reject refugees, after taking in the most refugees of any ste in the 2018 fiscal year. virginia became today the crucial 38th state to ratify the 1972 equal rights amendment, which bars discrimination on the basis of sex.of its houselegates and state senate approved the

amenent today. n ded the backing of three-quarters of the states to add it to the u.s. constitution. however, ongoing litigation makes it unclear when, or if, it will be added. russia's government abruptly resigned todter president vladimir putin proposed sweeping changes to his country's constitution that could keep him in power after his term ends in 2024. the amdment would also give the russian parliament greater authority. in his "state of the nation" that his overhaul altin insisted llowed the law. >> ( translated ): the amendments do not affect the fundamtal basis of our constitution, which means they can be approved by parliamentwo within the fra of the current law, through the constitutional lawrresponding >> woodruff: hours later, prime minister dmitry medvedev and his entire cabinet quit. putin tapped mikhail mishustin,

who is head of the rsian tax service, to be the next prime minister. iranian president hassan rouhani warned today that european soldiers in the middleast "could be in danger," and should leave. it was the first directhreat that rouhani has made to europe, and it came a day after britain, france, and germany challenged tehran over breaking the limits of its nuclear deal. >> ( translated ): today the tomorrow the european soldier, could be in danger. let's correct the security. we do not want insecurity in the world. we want you to leave this region, but not with war. we want you to go wisely.ow it is to youbenefit. >> woodruff: in a separate development, iran's foreign minister javad zarif admitted that his government "lied" abou the ca a plane crash that killed 176 people last week. tehran initially claimedlihe ukranian ar went down but, new surveillance videon.

ap-ars to show two surface- air missiles hitting the plane. the accidental downing cede amid heightensions between iran and the u.s. in pistan, search teams recovered 21 more bodies from homes crushed by avalanches in the disputed kashmir regn.si local redents and pakistani troops shoveled snow looking for signs of survivors. scores of people were believed to still be trapped inside their homes. >> ( translated ): where my relatives live, they got 11 to 12 feet of snow. and there is no access to the area, no ground or air communication is worng, and we are not receiving any information about our relatives, we don't know what to do. >> woodruff: a severe winter storm in pakistan and afghanistan has killed in other extreme weather news, this past decade was the hottest ever recorded on earth. that is according to new data

out today from nasa and the national oceanic and atmospheric administration. scientists said 2019 was the e cond warmest year on record. they attributed obal warming trend to man-madech climatge. and, stocks managed modest gains on wall street today. the dow jones industrial average climbed 90 points to close at a rerd 29,030. the nasdaq rose seven points, and the s&p 500 added six. still to come on the newshour: the u.s. signs a deal with china, but will it lead toin lasting truche trade war? a look at the democratic presidential candates, following their last debate before the iowa caucuses. and, much more.

>> woodruff: returning to our top story, impeachment. the senate will begin looking at the house's case against the president this week. but questions still remain about what that trial will look like. more details.ns is back with >> desjardins: republicans and democrats in the senate have been arguing over whether or not their impeachment trial will include testimony from new witnesses. to help us understand how they're preparing for the trialr we'll rom senators in both republican and democraticer leip roles. first, i'm joined by senate republican chairman johnas ba of wyoming. senator, thank you for j nning us here shour. can you take us inside republican leadership. all of you will ta an oath to be impartial. at the same time, you are coordinating with the white house. can xplain how you balance those two things? coordinating with the whiteou're house? >> well, absolutely, because we want to use the same procedure

that was used in 1999 when bill clinton went throughhi impeachment, means you come to the senate. we will all take an oath, and then in the senate the maners from the house will present their case. and then the defense from the white house will present its defense. then there will be tim ae for of the senators through the chief justice of the supreme court to ask questions of both of those sides. only at that time will we decide whether we want witnesses or not. one big difference bet9ween 199 and now is we are not going to ask for a su jmmadgment for a removal immediately of the rul of getting rid of the entire process. instead we're going to say, let's discuss and decide on >> desjardins: senator, why not ke that decision now about witnesses? why not call some witnesses to have more information about something as important as the fate of the u.s. president? >> well, the house could have

called all the witnesses they wanted. nancy pelosi kept using the word urgency. they had to get this passed because it was so urgent. after they got it passed she waited a full four weeks to send it to th senate, which as you know the american peoe overwhelmingly then said, this was a political stunt. they have aso said ony one out of three americans believe that what the house did s a fr process. i think we're not going to know whethewe need witnesses or not until we hear the house ranager's case, until we hea the defense from the white house, and then we can make a decision not just on whether witnesses are needed but on who those witnesses should be. so that's a decision to be made after we have asked our own questions of both sies. >> this trial will of course determine if president trump should be removed frm office, but there is another debate that this has touched on, as well,at whether he president did was wrong. you sit on the senate foreign relations coittee. was is president wrong to ask another foreign leader to

investigata political opponent? ms some people put that in ter of investigating a political oppone. i view it as a president looking to see if there was corn,rupt and we know ukraine has been full of corruption over the years. ntso before the presiould send u.s. asset, u.s. money to ukraine, he wanted to ke sure that the corruption issue was removed. that to me is what thiissue is all about. but there can be things that really the queson is, what's improper and what is impeachable. no law has has been broken. they don't even suggest a law has been broken. grey're talking about obstruction of cs, abuse of power, and those are the articles that the house hasto voteend to the senate, and now it's time for the senate to hear th ae argumen then judge based on those articles which the house has brought forward. yo>> desjardins: senator know the calendar well. let me ask you quickly, president trump said he thinks this trial can be completed in two weeks.

do you think that's e? >> well, after we hear what the hear what the defense has to say, after we've had our questions answered, if there are enough senators who say, i have heard enough, i am ready to make a final decision today, then we can move to a final decision. if more atnators than thif a majority say, no, i want to hear from witness, then it will extend beyond two weeks. >> desjardins: senator barbieri of -- senator >> desjardins: and now for a perspective from the democratic senator dick durbin of illinois, the democratic whip. as you just heard, i asked senator baasso why not cal witnesses. i want to ask you the reverse question. why should you plan on that now? why not wait to see what happens in opening arguments? i have to tell you, i give healthy respect nd say i disagree with him when it comes to witnesses. witnesses they couve calledall

them in the house. no, john, the second count of the impeachment is the refusales of the prent to cooperate when it came to discovery of witnesses and documn the house of representatives. so there was no opportunity to president's chief of staff by the house members who put impeachment. arcles of why do i think witnesses would be appropriate? because i spent most of my lifec befogress as a trial lawyer. you can't have a trial without witnesseand evidence. you can have a cover-up without witness, but you can't have a trial.e i don't thinkought to rule out the possibility that witnesses will get us closer to the truth, whatever they may be. >> desjardins: are democrats open to the idea of allowing republicans to call a witness in exchange for you being able to call a witness you could choose? >> here's how i think it will evolve. i rink if four or moe republican senators say we want this to be a respectable undertaking under our constitution and witnesses should be allowed, at that poi senator mcconnell will

understand that witnesses are going to be part of the proceeding. oiwould assume at that he would sit down with senator schumer and others and work out an agreement about the witness list. that to me is pretty close to where we've been in the past and where we'rlikely to be in the future. >> you voted to acquit president clinton in 1999. what do you think the standard should be for removing aan presidenat this point do you think that this president nas met that standard? >> well, i c tell you that what senator barrasso said and other republicans that there is no law that's been broken. i could quesson that on it face, but really that's not the standardnder the constitution at all. it's high crimes and misdemeanors. it isn't defined. it i't a question of felonies or criminal law. it's -- at the time they wrote the constitution, there wasn't evane criminal justice coth in united states, so they put a generic term, "high crimes and mi(. deciding whether a president should be impeached. it does not have to be the commission of an actual federalm or anything like it.

it's whether or not the conduct of the president steps beyond what we consider to be a resp president to operate as leader of our nation. >> desjardins: and did this president's conduct styond that? >> well, it certainly raised the question. if you're going to takese con and appropriate hundreds of millions in military aid to ukraine to fht off vladimir putin and the russians and a president of the united sttes decides to wihhold hundreds ofo millionsat country that's struggling to survive and says that he'll release it iftha country will do an investigation of not just corruption, but corruption of his own potential presidential opponent in the future, that raises a serious question as to whether this president is going to be hld accountable under the rule of law. divided over thisesident, but so are the american people. they're split over the question of whether he should be removed or not. the evidence from the house has not persuaded a majority of siericans that this prent should be removed. why do you believe that is? >> because of ajority of

americans are not tuned into this conversation at all. when we asked the plster, how do you account for these numbers, they say most americans are too bcesy, coned about other things, and they think of everything that intervenes aside from the daily requirements ofr life fmily and jobs. these folks have been putting ui news flashes on a momentary basis about atacks, iran coming after the united states, about the elimination of general soleimani. so the think they're not closely as membersngressy as is no surprise. >> desjardins: well, we kno our viewers following it very closely anwe appreciate you for joining us. senator dick durbin of illinois. >> thanks, lisa. >> woodruff: after more than two years of escalating threats, tariffs and trade wars, the u.s. and china signed a new trade deal today. as nick schifrin tells us, oit is known as "phase ona potentially larger deal.

st the administration, critics, and businesses a it is crucial to make sure it is enforced, and that the realitytc s the rhetoric. >> schifrin: today, the world's two largest economies declared a partial truce. >> our efforts have yielded a transformative deal that will bring tremendous benefits to both countries. >> schifrin: standing next to china's top negotiator, esidenump predicted the deal would begin fundamental reforms to china's economy. >> this is the biggest deal anyone has ever seen, and it can lad to being a deal that's unprecedented, because china has 1.5 billion people and ultimately, phase two, we're going to be opening up china to all of your companies. >> schifrin: under t deal, china agrees to purchase $200 billion over the next two years of u.s. agrilture, energy, manufacturing, and financial services. and the administration says china promised to protect u.s. companies' intellectual property, stop forcing american

companies to transfer technology to access chinese markets, a lift financial service barriers. but china has plede d many of thforms before, and has a history of failing to buy as much as it promise senate minority leader chuck schumer has supported the administration's china policy goals, but said this agreement fail to go far enough. >> thegreement does not address the chinese government's massive subsidies to support domestic industries' devastating global markets and eroding american competitiveness. schifrin: for months, the trump administration and cna t hageted each other with tariffs that hurt the chinese economy and u.s. farmers, andom raisedconsumer price as part of the deal, the u.s. reduced some tariffs, but intained most of the tarfs on hundreds of billis of dollars of goods already imposed. president trump said those tariffs, and new enforcement language, would guarantee china won't break its promises. >> whave, again, full-- one the strongest things we have, total and ll enforceability.

you know what that means, total full enforceability. >> schifrin: reaching a bigger agreement depends on howoth countries follow through. president trump said today he expects further negotiations to begin next month. for the pbs newshour, i'm nick schifrin. >> woodruff: let's take a closer look at some of what's been agreed to in this deal, and the caveats and criticisms aroun it. peter navarro is one of the president's top advisers on all things trade. he is the director of the white house office of trade and manufacturing policy. plcer navarro, e back to the news hour. >> great to be with you. >> woodruff: thank you for being here. let me frst ask you acted wht we just heard nick schifrin heport, and this is that if most of the tariffst the trump administration has already imposed, what is it, hundrs of billions worth of chinese -- >> $370 billion. primarily, it's important, $250 billion is thec high tehnology

products that china has specifically targeted to dominate the economy in the future, and those are our tech tech -- technological crown jewels. those are essential to protecting our workers andre entrurs and manufacturers in this country. >> woodruff: if those tariffs are staying in p how does this deal help american businesses that depend on chinese imports and the consumers who prchase those? >> the implicit assumption is that somehow tariffs are bad.c3 in this administration what are a good tool to defend our workers or manufacturers and our innovators. they're a tool that the president has used in this cae, for example to, bring china to the bargaing table, to complete what is an abs historic deal, and by the way, the tariffs have had the effectf the bial effect of reducing our trade deficit now with china for the last four months. that's a good thing, because

what it means is we're prrusioning more here rather than there. that's more jobs. that's higher wages. d that's a good reason underlying why we have the bestb economy and or market in the last five decades. >> woodruff: i hear this argument. this is a deal that does require china to buy, as we just heard, $200 billion in specific products. >> over and above the 2017 benchmark. >> woouff: but china as we know has made these promises before. >> they have. >> woodruff: they haven't u to it. how do you know that this time is going to be any different? as president donald j. trump said in that package, a full and enforcable deal. full and enforceable deal. cost this with the w.t.o., the wo when china joined the w.t.o., they broke every year in the book. we com wained. uld take three years to gets satisfaction and often a company would be out ofbu ness. this 90 days. and complaint comes -- >> woodruff: 90 days what?

>> 90 days from the point where we complain ande company complains to the point of resolution. here's the most important thing, which is why it's enforcable, we have unilateral authority to judge wheer the agreement is ttled. if ambassador light heiser decides that they didn address that, then he has the ability to put in proportionate measures immediately. so this is -- we can't lose here, because they either abide by the deal,h or te other wing, the so-called mercantile wing in china, they don't abide by the agreement, but in this case, unlike with the world health organization, we have fully enforcable measures that tak indefensive of american workers. >> woodruff: you're saying there are new teeth here. >> there are big teeth here.o there's jawsgo with them.

>> woodruff: let me bring up another criticism. we heard some of this.b a nuer of exists andn ate minority leader chuck scumer, say there is nothing in this dal that resses china's habit/poli of subsidizing their critical industries that compete with american firms. in fact, we heard minority leader schumer say today, he thinks china's president xi is privately laughing at president trump. he said, "they have taken te president to the cleaners." >> first of all, chucschumer, when he started criticizing this deal, hadn't read it. it wasn't released until after the press conference. it's 86 pages. i'll bed you a lot of money he didn't read that deal before some that was pure politics. let me explain what ts doe i have referred to china's seven deadly structural siges. what w in the first phase, we get intellectual prperty theft addressed. we got forced technologyad

transferessed. and we get currency manipulation addressed. ever and above that we ha purchases and financial market access. that's a good deal for america. you're riht, jud we do not yet in this part of the dealth addresunfair subsidies. we don't get the state-ownedri ented that we have to deal. with we don't get what's very important to me, the hacking ofy our computershe chinese government to steal our business trade secrets, and the worst thing is they're killing americans with fentanyl. but we do have those tariffs in place. those tariffs serve as two thin. they're the best defense against the chinese in terms of this dumping. >> woodruff: tariffs are still in place. >> tariffs are still in place. they're an insurance policy that the chinese ll continue to bargain in good faith. so we think that -- the president has didn't a beautiful job on this. by the way, you have seen this for 15 years how we lost all these jobs because of president obama, president bush, president

clinton, they all laid down for the chinese. president trump is standing up. >> woodruff: well, we'red watching an'll see how this turns out, but you mentioned intellectual property theft. there are lawyers who have been out there looking at this. they've been looking at the agreement. they say there are loopholes. there are exconep how do you know china is going to abide? >> let me give you an example how this is going to work. this is somethingve beenty. working on sleeting into this agreement for a year now. we -- counterfeit a form of intellectual property theft. you go online, amazo or alley alley -- ali baba, every month we open thousands and thousands of packages, benchmarking. what we're finding is that counterfeit and contraband rate of 15%. it's extradinarily high. so people are getting ripped off right and left. a lot of those products can harm you. so in this case we're goi to know, over the coming months,

that's got to go way down or g ey're violating the agreement. they're purchasr foreign products or they're not. if they're not, they're violating the agreement. their currency, which went up over 10% when we firstrtta the trade agreement, that's got to come down some it's very easy to measure some of these things, and if they violate the agreement, you have a fullyle enforcechanism to make sure that the americans are >> woodruff: do you think they'll abide by this agreement, or do you fully expect that thee will try to around it? >> i like what the abassador has had to say. you have the reformers in china. they desperately want to abide by this agreement. they know that their economy cannot survive unless the reform. but you have the mercantilist protectionist hawks in china that think they can only grow china on the backs of everybody else. so they're going to fight that out.

but either way, we are protected here in america. cause we'll either get a good implemented deal, or we'll get a proportionate response with a fully enforcable deal. can't lose. >> woodruff: one other thing i want to ask you, petroer nav president trump frequently argues the american people, and you said this a momenago, that tariffs aren't bad for the american people. >> they're great. they're good. we've proven that. >> woodruff: exists at the federal reserve bnk, a respecteinstitution, have done a lot of research. they have come become, an we see again today. they are saying the reality is, and i'm quoting from just the latest one analysis, "u.s.in tariffs co to be almost entirely born u.s. firms and u.s. industry." >> the long answer was pubshed yesterday in an op-ed i did in the "wall street journal." your audience can go to that. the short answer is thes economofession is bankrupt in terms of analyzing tariffs. they look at it in a verry narow framework. tariffs for the trump administration have saved our

steel and aluminum industry and brought billions of new investment into that industry. the thre h of tarifve brought billions more investment in from the auto industry from both domestic companies likem. ut also b.m.w. and others. with mexico, when we thrtened tariffs, we got more out of mexico in terms of helping border security there. the tariffs have been the only thing that have gotten china to the bargaining table some youth have tk about tariffs strategically like this president does. they're working beautifully for america. >> woodruff: peter navarro, senior advisor to president on trade, thank you very much. >> great to be here. s >> woodrufy with us. coming up on the newshour: an ebola outbreak amid war. on the ground, in the

democratic republic of congo. last night, six democratic candidates for president met on the debate stage in iowa, the last debate before the iowa caucuses. it was the smallest, and it was the whitest group of candidate so far. our amna nawaz brings us this report. >> nawaz: the debate ended on an awkward note, wit massachusetts senator elizabeth warren seemingly rejecting a handshake from vermont senator bernie sanders. that was after moderators brought up a disagreement between the two over a privatenv coersation in december of 2018, in which sanders reportedly td warren he didn't believe a woman could win the election. >> why did you say that? >> well, as a matter of fact, i didn't sayt. in 2015, i deferred, in fact, to senator warren. there was a movement to draft senator warren to run for president, and you know what, i stayed-- stayed back. senator warren decided not to run, and i then-- i did run afterwards. hillary clinton won the popular vote by three million votes.

how could anybody in a million yes not believe that a wom could become president of the united states? >> you're saying that you never told senator warren that a woman could not win the election? >> that isorrect. >> senator warren, what did you think when senator sanders told you a woman could not withe election? ( laughter ) >> i disagre. bernie is my friend, and i am not here to try to fight with bernie. but, look, this question about whether or not a woman can beid prt has been raised, and it's time for us to attack it head-on. and i think the best way to talk about who can win is by looking at people's winning record.n so, woman beatonald trump? collectively, theylost tenage. elections. ( laughter ) the only people on this stage who have won every single election that they've been in are the women. ( cheers and applause ) amy and me.

>> nawaz: the issue of electability-- who can actually beat president trump in november-- came up tout the night. at one point, each candidate wa as address a vulnerability. for former southend, indiana mayor buttigieg, it was his lack of support from black voters. >> the black voters who know me bestre supporting me. it's why i have the most support in south bend. w it, among elected black officials in my community who have gotten into this by far, most of them are supporting me. >> nawaz: businessman tom steyer pushed back on the perceion that he's buying his way into the election. >> i started a business by myself in one room. i didn't inherit a penny from my parent i spent 30 years building that but whoever is going to beatp mr. tr going to have to beat him on the economy. and i have the experience and a fake there, and a fraud. he's >> nawaz: and minnesota senator amy klobuchar reiterated that her regional roots make her the best match for president tmp in n>>ember.

am going to be able to stand across from him on that debate stage and say to my friends in iowa, "the midwest is not fly-over country for me. lelive here." i'm going to be o look at him and say, "you've treated these workers and farmers like poker chips. for me, these are my friends and these are my neighbors." >> nawaz: the debate focused heavily on foreign policy, with candidates saying ey would take a much different approach on iran from mr. trump. r rmer vice president joe biden. >> we have lost anding in the region. we have lost the support of our allies. the next president has to be able to pull those folks back together, re-establish our alliances, and insist that iran which i believe, with the pressure applied as we put on before, we can get done. >> nawaz: the candidates also touched on childcare, higher education, and impeachment. with polls showing a four-way eglit between biden, sanders, warren and buttiit still

remains to be seen who will come february 3.ans caucus on for the pbs newshour, i'm am nawaz. >> woodruff: and her nto analyze laht's debate and tell us how iowans are reacting to it, i'.joined by o. kay henders she is the news director at radio iowa, and she joins us from des moines. kay henderson, welcome back to the news hour. what kinds of reactions are you picking up from people? >> one of the striking things about the conversation between elizabeth warren and bernie sanders that i'm hearing fromit iowans is not necessarily about t two of them. it's more abou reaching out to form clinton voters, as you recall half of the people who went to thcaucuses i2016 voted for hillary clinton. as i go out and cover many of these candidates, namely elizabeth warren, amy kloanbuch, the former candidate kamala harris, i heard from many in the

crowd this phrase, "it's time and that conversation really remind people of that. the other interesting thing about that conversation was that elizabeth warren drew amy klobuchar into it, and so i think that was a signal to people, if voti for a woman candidate is important to you and i am not your waren, elizabeth warren may have been telegraphling, consider the woman at the other end of this stage if you're a merate. >> woodruff: so maybe this was a good night for elizabeth warren >> in visiting with people who are her supporters, they were thrilled with her. and in visiting with people whof sortre uncommitted, abeit majority of the electorate if you look at that iowa poll. 58% of people eitr have not made up their mind or they could change and support a different candidate, she was making her

points cogentley. the buttigieg people are thrilled with his performance. he was able to compare and contrast during the conversation that vice president den and senator sanders had about the iraq war that thatt voe was a long time ago, it was in 2002. so that is the core of his message that he's a forward-looking candidate. he made that point during the bate. woodruff: so any of the campaigns concerned as a result of last night? well, obviously there's always 20/0 vision and theyha migh wished that they had made a point, but now it's thefe rush tobruary 3rd, and if senators, you're now stuck in washington perhaps for days on end at an impeachment trial, and the sanders and warren camps are going to have to rely on the people tt have been on the ground for them for a year and

in the case of sandersor several years. >> woodruff: so at this point, kay henderson, you have been covering politics in the state of iowa for a long time, what is uppermost in the minds of voters? and i'm not aking, you can't speak for everybody, but what do you hear? >> right, exactly. well, what has struck is that many people who tell me they're undecided, they're either comfortable with their choices that they tell me i could pick any of these people, namelh front-runners, and be comfortable that they would be a good standard bearer for the party. then you have these other folks that you visit with, and they are almost petrified of making this choice and making the wrong choice, because as you well know, judy, every nominee that the democratic party has picked in this century has won the ioa caucuses. >> woodruff: that's right. so they feel the weight of t history eir shoulders. and just quickly, kay henderson,

some comment about the fact that at this point on the debstate e, there are other candidates running who didn't qualify for the debate. but at this point we're looking at a non- -- a prtty non-diverse group. no person of color. is that coming up in conversation? >> it is. especial among the folks who most recently we had cory booker drop out of the rac ye. have that booker camp, which was really allied behind their candidate, and other candidates are looking at those folks and woring where th're going to go in this race. and so parth ofe calculation here in the closing days is how do you convince people who have been supporting and really nerve. ly supporting those two candidates to coe into another fold. >> woodruff: well, the dayso are growing sherren we're getting ever closer. kay henderson,thank you very

much. >> thank you. >> woodruff: for the last year and a half, an outbreak of the deadly ela virus has wracked the democratic republic of congo. fallen sick, with more than 2,000 dead. and, much of d.r.c. is also a war. at the outbreak's epicenter, attacks against medical teams have left the vital response at a near standstil in partnership with the global health reporting center, special micorrespondent monica vilr has the first of two stories on this crisis. >> reporter: the outbreak zone is also a war zone, so to get there, we find seats on a u.n. helicopter. stepping off ibutembo, our first stop is the medical

tent... hand-washing. foot-washing. and a temperature check. >> c'est bien! >> reporter: merci. i'm fine, but a sudden fever could mean ebola, a disease that typically kills more than half its victims. the first ebola cases in north kivu province, in northeastern democratic republic of congo, were reported in the sumr of 2018. north kivu is densely populated, and shares heavily-trafficked border routes with uganda andrw anda. the people of d.r.c. have suffered more than two decades of war, with at least hundreds of thousands dead, and millions made refugees in their own country. in north kivu, the fighting is chaotic. ethnic groups vying for power n d resources, and islamic

militants, basedighboring uganda. civilians are frequent targets. evert kets led the u.n. peacekeeping force in north >> there is clearlcurity crisis, with attacks from armed groups and the need to protect civilians against those. secondly, there is now, since august, the ebola crisis, which is ao a huge challenge from public health point of view. >> reporter: at first, the medical teams fighting ebola were simply caught in the crossfire, but now they are this past year, the world health organization counts near 400 attacks on treatment units and health workers. the day before we got here, thes baseut on lockdown due to violent street protests, so for now, we're stuck. and it's not just us. the doctors, the medical detectives, and the vaccination teams, are trapped here as well. this cafeteria has been turned into a makeshift office for the medicaprofessionals. they're on lockdown, and that is a problem, because if they can't go out, they can't monitor

people who have ntracted the ebola virus and may be spreading it to other people. the next day, we headed north. we've been hearing that the protestors are armed and increasingly hostile towardse n. and health workers, so we're being evacuated from butembo.g we're goto beni, a city that's also on lockdown. and we're being escorted by the olice. the cibeni, population a quarter-million, has been at the s nter of thoutbreak. the numberf ca down from its peak in the spring, but a deteriorating security situation makes it tough to stamp out the final viral flames. and just as in butembo, there argrowing protests. the lead of this local group, "lucha," or struggle, says they're angry that u. troops aye not doing more to stop the violence, and hethe foreign doctors should leave. >> ( translated ): we have our own black congolese doctors o will stop this outbreak. >> reporter: making matters f

woew people in congo trust the official word of the government, or the press. many get theirews through a toxic mix of distortlin, rumor and tical agitation, much of it on social media. >> ( translated ): "westerners want to kill africans and sell vaccines for a disease that can be cured! congolese people are too naive." >> reporter: and some just false. >> ( translated ): "last nig helicopters flew over the city of lubero to inject itsla poon with ebola." >> you need 140 characters or something, and that's all you need to spread some of the rumors and perceptions that we're certainly tracking. >> reporter: dr. heidi larson runs the vaccine confidence project, which studies public attitudes about vaccines, all over the world. she says the same trouble played out during the largest ebola outbreak ever, in west africa, five years ago almost 30,000 people were infected in guinea, sierra leone and liberia.

economies and health systems nearly collapsed. >> one of the things that we found is that rumors thrive in times uncertainty. they thrive in times where people need annswer, are eager for an answer. >> reporter: in d.c., the anti-ebola campaigand the foreign money behind it are seen by many as a way for thene powerful to heir pockets. the previous health minister was arrested this summer and charged with stealing funds.or this man in an orphanage. he came here to get the shot, buto protect himself, yes- also to set an example. >> ( translated ): orphans overheard that the vaccine is killing people. i nt to be a model and encourage them. >> risorter: b not everyone convinced.

heading to the u.n. compoundwe hear the gates are blocked by protestors.mo so, ng around here is extremely difficult. it can only be done with an armed escort, and now we're trying to get to where the o.s. is in lockdown. we're trying to get to the spokesperson, to see what's going on. hey, margaret, this is monica. how are you? listen, we're coming towards you.s if there is sh whatever, please open the gatea this march isponse to a massacre by islamic rebels, just days earlier, where at least eight people were arlled. dr. ma harris is with the world health organization. >> so at we are seeing now, at the moment, is an outpouring of anger, because we have a large peacekeeper contingent, and as far as the people are concerned, they are saying, "why are we still suffering?" >> reporter: how is this >> this is paralyzing. all the work that we would normally do to trace all the , ople who might be infect vaccinate all the people who might be at risk, to get the people at risk to hourital and makethey get care, all now.e things, we can't do right >> reporter: but it doesn't mean

a complete standstill. >> we have built up huge local teams, and one of the good things about this response is that we have built up thth ability to d work in the local population, and i do know that local community agents are doing their very best to keep this work goinon. >> reporter: and critical work it is. one of the five people who died the week we arrived was a motorcycle taxi driver. and it's close contact with people, i guess, rht? because you are in the motorcycle, then you have hug someone or you could fall off the motorcycki, is that that of moto? >> yeah, yeah, and he also wasn't identified until he died, so that means he was very symptomatic for a lot of days, so you get more and more and more infectious as you approach deh. >> reporter: it's a race against time to find those contacts, to check on them and vaccinate-- if they're willing. and this is just one case of many. some people were telling us that they want foreign health workers to leave, and they can manage the ebola crisis on their own. do you think that's true? >> i do understand whyeople are angry.

it's more frustration. every minute gives the virus a chhece to get ahead and harm very people who are out there demonstrating. >> reporter: just days after i spoke with dr. harris, rebels killed four medical workers in a pair of ambushes. nearly all w.h.o. staff, including the doctors, were evacuated. the other major foreign medical groups, including m.s.f., doctors without borders, pulled staff out as well. predictably, the virus has seized the opening. in early december, the world health organization announced a surge in new cases. for the pbs newshour, i'm monica villamizar in beni, d.r.c. >> woodruff: so important to tell these stories and that is the newshour for tonigh i'm judy woodruff. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you, and we'll see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by:

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amanpour and company. here's what's coming up. ♪. >> harvey weinstein goes to trial. jodi cantor who broke the m too dam broke what it got to get him court. >> i have a whole list. >> will other women come forward? >> portrayed in a new movie "bombshell" former fox news anchor gretchen karlsn joins us t callingo end silence and non-disclosure agement. plus we talked to the cyber security expertho tracked another russian hack, this time burisma, thekran firm at the center of the trump impeachment