good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the "newshour" tonight. rep. pelosi: we are here today threshold in american history. judy: the u.s. house formally votes to send the articlt of impeachm the senate, setting the stage for the trial of president trump. then, gender divide. democratic presidential hopefuls discuss whether a woman can win the white house, at their final debate before the iowa caucuses. and. >>ogether we are righting the wrongs of the past, and delivering a future of economic justice and security for american workers, farmers, and families. judy: a treaty in the trade war. the u.s. and china sign off on e first phase of a deal -- what's in it? and how fadoes it go?

plus, outbre. on the ground in the democratic republic of congo, where ebola and war remain a constant threat. all that and more on tonht's pbs "newshour." ♪ >> major funding for the pbs "newshour." has been provided by fidelity investments. bnsf railway. consumer cellular. american cruise lines. n pporng social entrepreneurs and their solut the world's most pressing problems. skollfoundation.org.

the lemelson foundation, on the web at lo.org. tesupp by the john d and catherine t macarthur foundation, committed to tilting a more just, verdant, an. peaceful wor more information atacfound .org, and with the ongoing support of these institutions. this program was made possible by the corporation fortiublic broadc and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. judy: the house of representatives voted today to send articles of impeachment against president trump to the senate, setting the stage for an intensely partisan battle ahead. capitol hill correspondent lisa desjardins begins our ge. reporter:ic today, a hist walk

across the capital that washington waited nearly one month toee, house officials crossing to the senate to signal and spark the impeachment trial. the newly appointedouse managers, members who will prosecute the case, walked behind the house clerk, who d a message setting the trial in motion. this timing determinedpey the houseer. rep. pelosi: we are here today tontross a very impor threshold in american history. reporter: on the floor of the house chber, nan pelosi defended her decision to hold back the articles of impeachment until now. >> don't talk to me about my timing. for a lg time, i resisted the calls fromou across thery for impeachment of the president. reporter: she said the president's actions regard tg ukraine ga house no choice. republicans, led by california's kevin mccarthy, fired back that democrats are motivated solely by politics. his is not a moment this body should be proud of.

if as speaker pelosi likes to say, impeachment is a national civics lesson, let's use this blunder as a teachable moment. rep. pelosi: good mornin reporter: with the new phase ofo impeachmens the newly announced team of house managers. the group of seven, nearly half the size of that in the 1999 clinton impeacent trial, includes democrats adam schiff and jerry nadler, the chairman who led the impeachment hearings. it's also made up of former lawyers, a former police chief, and a former judge, as well as representative zoe lgren who was in representatives for the clinton impeachment thereti is new informaon today with the release of documents indicted associate of rudy giuliani's. that includes a handwritten note . also, a letter displaying aculiani's first out to the newly elected president, stating

giuliani was working "with trump's knowledge and consent." and a copy of text mes pges betweearnas and ukraine's appeao show they t were trackihe whereabouts of former ambassador tokraine, marie yovanovitch. she later was recalled by president trump. democratsd say that's the k information that the delay and starting the trial has brought. >> new documents and additional witnesses have emerged the unmistakably point to the president's guilon reporterwitter, president trump charged democrats with a con job anduestioned the timing of the new evidence, writing, "all of this work was supposed to be done by the house, not the senate. on the senate floor on the precipic of a trial, majority leader mitch mcconnell dismissed this. >> it was not some earnest fact-finding mission that brought us to where we are. this isut not ahe nuances of foreign assistance to eastern

europe. this has been naked p atition ship ang. transform into an hmentll courtroom soon when senators are sworn in for the trial. judy: and lisa is here with me now as we inched closer to this trial. tell us a little bit about wha we know on the thinking of the choosing this groumanagers. lisa: there was a lot of thought over who would do this. there were many members who wanted this opportunity, who knew this case, who were on the committees involved. inhe end, they pk a small team they thought would be goodd epresenting the message and substance of what they are pursuing with articles of impeachment. athere's alther factor. they wanted the team to look different than the 1999 team. let's take a look at that 1999 republican impeachment team that prosecuted the articles against president clinton. 13 of them. the photos ow what democrats are trying to do here. let's look at the team they have

appointed for this impeachment trial. they are seven. ere were no women in 1999, no people of color. here you have a team that looks more like america and that's the point democrats are trying to also said they thought the large team in 1999 was just too unwieldy. they wanted to be more focused. judy: clearly, folks at the white house watching all of this very, very closely. what wab knot what they are expecting? lisa: what we don't know is who will be representing the president next week when this trial starts in earnest with opening arguments. a senior administration official said they will announce when they are ready. they also said they do not think witnesses should be allowed for the house team, because they think the house has had its opportunity to gather evidence.t howeve white house also said they think the president should be able to call witnesses because they do not think he has had the chance to do that in a fair manner yet. judy: so they are still saying we need to call a witness? lisa: they are saying the white house would like to call its

witnesses. judy: as we heard, new evidence cong outm fis associate of the president's lawyer rudy giuliani, a man named lev parnas. what do we know about that? lisa: as we reported in the story, these are a lot of his own notes, his conversations with people. democrats look at this and say these are more dots connecting was going on in ukraine, and the president himself was part of giuliani's efforts for their reasons that they think were corrupt. reblicans say wait a minute, this is just someone who worked with giuliani. we don't know ifhis person is truthful. know if giuliani ally did talk to the president or not or if he was just relaying that. republicans say this is not the direct piece of evidence markets see -- democrats seek. judy: so we don't know whether it will be introduced as part of the senate trial. lisa: it has been forwaed. it will be forwarded when it gets to the senate. some of it is leading to

confusion. main senator's collins says it's perplexing. we will see what happens. judy: what do we look for tomorrow? lisa:ig. let's start with the order of events. tomorrow at noon easternim the house managers will formally present the articles of impeachment. they want them over tonight, but because of all the rituals a rules of the senate, they will they will be read out loud. then at 2:00 p.m. eastern time tomorrow that's when we see chief justice john aoberts sworn the presiding officer of this trial. he will in turn swear in the rest of the senate as essentially jurors. that will close out the formal openg of this trial. it's interesting that that's not the only business the senate will conduct. expect the senate befor all of this to perhaps vote on this large u.s. mexico canada trade deal.

and or earlyext week, there could be a vote on war powers limiting the president's war powers in regards to iran. all of those are things we are watching. and we know the american public is split on impeachment, so it will be interestine to see how thtes try to focus that opinion. judy: and what you're saying suggests that the senate leadership wants to make it clear they are doing other business at the same te. lisa: i think that's part of it, but this truth is the senate wants to get thi. if they don't do theex u.s.o-canada trade deal now, it will be in ttr middle of a l, it will be harder to deal later. judy:er i undstand. thank you. lisa dayesjardins. sthanie: good evening. i'm stephanie sy at "newshour".

west we will return to judy rawoodruff and the full pr after the latest headlines. president trump today signed phase one of a long-awaited trade agreement with china. beijing pledged to increase its ctrchases of u.s. farm pro and other goods. but u.s. tariffs on $360 billion in chinese imports will remain in place for now, as the trade negotiations enter their second phase. we'll take a closer look at whato's at stake and hear visor'on trade.ident'chief that's later in the program. a federal judge in maryland today temporarily blocked utpresident trump's exe order allowing states and localities to bar refugees from resettling in their areas. tonight, a statement from theit house blasted the ruling, calling the court "lawless," saying "this is a preposterous ruling, one more example of nationwide district court injunctions runk. a the white house says it's reviewing its options. last week, texas becamers the state to reject refugees, after taking in the most refugees of any state in the 2018 fiscal year. virginia became the crucial 38th state to ratify the 1972 equal

rights amendment, scich bars mination on the basis of sex. the states house of delegates amendment today.d the it needed the backing of three-quarters of the states to add it to the u.s. constitution. but ongoing litigation makes it unclear when -- or if -- it will be added. russians today after president vladimir putin proposed sweeping changes coto his country'titution that could keep him in power past his term.the amendments woe the russian parliament greater authority. h "state of the nation" speech in moscow, putin insisted his overhaul proposaowed the law. vladimir putin: the amendments do not affect the fundamental cbases of ostitution, which means they can be approved by parliament within the framework of the current law, through the adoption of the corresponding constitutional laws. stephanie: hours later, prime

entire cabinet quit.edev and his putin tapped mikhailishustin, head of the russian tax service, to be the next prime minister. joint operations between the u.s. and iraqi military against isis have resumed in multiple news outlets are reporting this tonight. the activity follows a 10 day pause after the u.s. killed key iranian and iraqi militia mentors in baghdad and less than two weeks after theqi i parliament voted to expel u.s. troops. iranian president hassan rouhani warned today that eu soldiers in the middle east "could be in danger" and should leave. it was the first direct threat rouhani has made to europe, and it came a day after britain, france, and germany challenged tehr over breaking the limit of its nuclear deal. >> today the american soldier is in danger, tomorrow the european soldier could be in danger. let's correct the security.

we do not want insecurity in the world. we want you to leave this region but not with war. we want you to go wisely. it is to your own benefit. stephanie: in a separate development, iran's foavign minister zarif admitted his government lied about the cause of a plane crash that killed 176 people last week. tehran initially claimed the ukrainian airliner went down duc to a tec malfunction. but new surveillance video appears to show two surface-to-air missiles hitting the plane. in pakistan, search teams recovered 21 more bodies from homes crushed by avalanches in the disputed kashmir region. local residents and pakistani troops shoveled snow looking f signs of survivors. scedes of people were believ to still be trapped inside their abdul rasheed dar: where my relatives live, they got 11 to 12 feet of snow. and there is no access to the ar, no ground or airn communicat working, and we

are not receiving any information about our relatives, we don't know what to do.st hanie: in other extreme caweather news, this past was the hottest ever recorded on earth. that's according to new data out today from nasa and e national oceanic and atmospheric administration.ie ists said 2019 was the second warmest year on record. thributed the global warming trend to man-made climate change. still come on the "newshour," with judy woodruf the u.s. signs a deal with china, but will it lead to a lasting truce?a look at the democratic presidential candidates following the last debate before the iowa caucuses, and much more. announcer: this is the pbs "newshour" from wbt studios washington, and in the west from the walter kwok right school of

journalism at arizona state university. judy: returning to our top story, impeachment. the senate will begin loong at the house case against the president this week, but questions still remain about what t lisa desjardins is back with more details. lisa: republicans and democrats in theee senate have arguing over whether or not the impeachment trial will include testimony from new witnesses. to help us understand how they are preparing for therial, we will hear from senators from both republican and democratic leadership roles. first, i'm joined by senate republican chairman johnin barrasso of wy inthank you for g us here on newshour. can you take us inside republican leadership? all of you will take an oath to be impartial. at the same time, you are coordinating with the white house. ca explain how you balance those two things? can you be impartia sen. barrass absolutely. we want to use the sampr edure in 1999 when bill

clinton went through impeachment, which means you come to the senate, we take an oath, and then in the magers from the house will present their case and then the defense from the white house will present its defense then there will be time for all of the senators through the chief judge justice of the supreme urt to ask questions seof both of t sides. only at that time will we decide not.we want witnesses or one big difference between 1999 and now is we are not going to ask for a summary judgment for a remol immediately of the rules in getting rid of the entire process. instead, we are going to say let's discuss and decide on witnesses. lisa: why not make that decision now about witnesses? why not call witnesses to tive more infor about something as important as the fate of the u.s. president? sen. barrasso: the house could have called all the witnesses they wanted. nthey made their choose.

as nancy pkept using the word urgency, they had to get this passed because it was so urgent, and then after they got it passed, she waited a full four weeks to send it to the senate, which the american people overwhelmingly said this was a political stunt. they've also said only one out of three americans believe what process.e did was a fair i think were not going to know whethesewe need witn or not until we hear the house managers case, until we hear the defense from the white house, and then we can make a decision not just on whether witnesses ared nee, but on who those witnesses should be. e mads a decision to b after we have asked our own questions on both sides. determine if president trumpe should be removed from office, but there's another debate this has touched on as well. whether anothesopresident did thing wrong. you sit on the foreign relations committee.was the president wrong to ask another foreign leader

investigate a political opponent? sen. barrasso: i views it president looking to see if there was corruption. we know ukraine has been full of corruption over the years. before, the president would send u.s. assets, u.s. money to ukraine. he wanted to make sure the corruption issue was removed. that to me is what this issue is all about. there can be things that really, the question is, what is improper and what is impeachable? no law has been broken. they des't even su a law has been broken. they are talking about obstruction of c pgress, abuse er. those are the articles that the house has voted to send to the senate and now it is time for the senate to hear the arguments and then judge based on those articles which the house has brought forward. lisa: you know the calendar well. let me ask you quickly. president trump says healhinks the tan be completed in two weeks. do you think that's true?

sen. barrasso: we are going to see, after we hear with the house managers say, the defense managers, after we had our questions answered, if there arh enough senatorsay i have heard enough, i am ready to make a final decision today, than we can move to a final decision. if more senators than that say i want to he from witnesses, weeks.ill extend beyond two lisa: senator john barrasso of wyoming, thank you. and now for a perspective from the democratic leadership team, i'm joined by senator dick durbin of illinois, the democrat whip. that's the number two democrat in the senate. thank you for joining us. as you just heard, i asked senator barrasso, whyliot plan on c witnesses now? i want to ask you the reverse. why not wait to see what happens in opening arguments? sen. durbin: i respect john barrasso and i have to tell you, i have to give a healthyespect and say i disagree with him when it comes to witnesses. he said at one point if they wanted to call witnesses, they could have called in the hse.

no, john. the second count of the impeachment is the refusal of the president to cooperate when it came to the discovery of witnesses anum dts. there was no opportunity to call mick mulvaney or house members who put together the articles of impeachment. why do i think witnesses would be appropriate? i spent most of my life before congress as a trial lawyer. you can't have a trial before witnesses and evidence. you h ce a cover-up, but you can't have a trial. i don't think r we shoulde out the possibility that witnesses will get us closer to the truth. lisa: are democrats open to the idea of allowing republicans to call witness in exchange for you being able to call it witness biu could choose? sen. d here's how i think it will evolve. i think m if four ore republican senators say we want this to be a respectable underting and witnesses should be allowed, at that point senator mcconnelltn understand ses will be part of the

proceeding. would sit down with senatort schumer and others and work on an agreement about the witss that is pretty close to where we have been in the past and where we will likely be in future. lisa: you voted to acquit president clinton in 1999. what do youhe think t standard should be for removing a president, and at this point, do you thin this president has met that standard? sen. durbin: i canelyou what senator barrasso said and other republicans, there is no law that has been broken. i can question that on its face, but that's notthhe standard of constitution. its high crimes and misdemeanors. it is not defined. it'u's not aion of felonies or criminal law. at the time they wrote the constitution, there wasn't even a criminal justice code so they put in a generic code, high crimes and misdemeanors. it does not have to be the commission of an actual federal crime or anything like it. it's whether or not the conduct of the president stepped beyond

what we consider to be a respectable territory for president to operate. lisa: and d this president's conduct step beyond that? sen. durbin: it certainly race the question, if you will take congress and appropriate hundreds of millions of dollars in military aid to ukraine to fight off vladimir pin and the russians and the president decides to withhold hundreds of llions to that country struggling to survive and says he will release it i that country will do an investigation of not just corruption, but corruption of his oid potential prtial opponent in the future? as to whether thisdent isuestion going to be held accountable under the rule of law. lisa: congress is obviously divided, but so are the american people. split over the question of whether he should be removed or not. that evidence from the house has not persuaded a majority of americans that the president should be removed. sen. durbin: because the amount -- majority of ameri nns are tuned into this conversation at

all. when you asked the pollsters how to account for the numbers, they say most americans are too busy, concerned about other things, and think about the daily requirements of life and family. they have been putting up with news flashes on a momentary basis about attack, iran coming after the u.s., the elimination of general soleimani. to think they are not following it day-to-day as closely as congress is no surprise. lisa: we know our viewers are following the. we thank you very much. senator dick durbin of illinois. n. durbin: thank you, lisa. judy: after more than two years of escalating threats, tariffs and trade wars, the u.s. and china signed a new trade deal today.

ias nick schifrin tells 's known as "phase 1" of a potentially larger deal. but the administration, critics, and businesses all say it's crucial to make sure it's enforced, and that tlity matches the rhetoric. repoer: today, the world's two largest economies declared a partial truce. pres. trump: our efforts hrae yielding aformative deal that will bring tremendous benefits to both countries, we have a great relationship with china. reporter: standing next toto china's p negotiator, president trump predicted the deal would begin fundamental reforms to china's economy. pres. trump: this is the biggest n al anybody's ever sd it can lead to being a deal that's unprecedented, because china has 1.5 billion people and ultimately in phase two we're aning to be opening up china to all of your comps. announcer: -- reporter: under the deal, china agrees to purchase $200 billion over the next two years of u.s. agriculture, energy, manufacturing, and financial services. the administration says china promised to protect u.s. companies' intellectual property, stop forcing american companies to tratofer technology ccess chinese markets, and lift financial service barriers.

but china has pledged many of those reforms before, and has a history of failing to buy as much as it promises. senate minority leader chuck schumer has supported the administration's china policygo s, but said this agreement sen. schumer: the agreement does not address the chinese government's massive subsidies to support domestic industries , devastating globalodarkets, and g american competitiveness. cporter: for months, the trump administration ana have targeted each other with tariffs that hurt the chinese economy and u.s. farmers, and raised some consumer prices. as part of the deal, the u.s. reduced some tariffs, but maintained most of the tariffs on hundreds of billlons of s of goods already imposed. president trumsaid those tariffs and new enforcement language would guarantee china won't break its promises.

pres. trump: we have, again, full, one of the strongestin we have total and full enforceability. reporter: breaching a bigger agreement depends on hs both countrllow through. president trump said today he expects further negotiations to begin next month. for the pbs "newshour," i'm nick schifrin judy: let's take a closer look at some of what's been agreed to in this deal and the caveats and criticisms around it. peter navarro is one of the president's top advisers on all things trade. he is the director of the white house office of trade and manufacturing policy. welcome back to the "newshour." let me first ask you about what we just heard. if most of the tiffs the trumpon administratias already imposed, hundreds of billions of dollars worth of trainees -- 367 -- $367 billion -- peter:s 250 billion dollars high-technology products china

has specifically dominated to dominate the economy in the future. those are technological. thos are essential to defending our entrreneurs, workersrsand any facn the country. judy: that's what i want to ask you about. . if those tariffs are staying in place, how does this american businesses that depend on chinese imports and the neter: the implicit assumpte? on your question is somehow tariffs are bad. in this administration, we have proven they are a good tool to defend our workers or manufacturers, innovators. they are a tool the president china t the bargaining table,g to complete what is an absolutely historic deal. and by the way, the tariffsd hae a beneficial effect of reducing the trade deficit with china for the last four months. 's a good thing what it means is we are producing more here rather than

over there. it is more jobs, higher wages, we have the best economy andhy labor market in the last five decades. judy: i hear this argument, this is a deal that does require china to buy $200 billion in the specific pducts over the next two years. but china has made these promises before. they have not lived up to it. how do you know this time will be any different? peter: as president donald j. trump said in thatackage, a full and enforceable deal. let's contrast this with the wto, the wto. whenth china joinewto, they broke every rule in the book. take three years or more to get satisfaction or the company would be out of business. this is 90 days. judy: 90 days to what? peter: 90 days from point that

we complain or a company complains to the point of resolution. here's the mot important thing. we have the unilateral authority to judge whether a grievance has been settl. if ambassador robert eli kaiser, the best in history, decided they have not address that, he measures immediately.in because they here ther abide by the deal like reformers do t in china, other wing, theawkish leaders, they don't abide by the agreement,ut in this case melike with the wto, we have fully enforceablures to take in defense of american workers. judy: you're saying there's new teeth here. peter: there is big teeth here. the's draws to go with it. judy: let me bring up another criticism.

a number of economists and senate minority leader chuck schumer, and we heard some of this from him a moment ago, saying there's nothing in the deal that addresses china's habit policy of subsidizing their critical industries that compete with american firms. in fact, we heard minority leader chuck schumer say today he thinks china's president xi is privately laughing at president trump. hed s "they have taken the president to the cleaners." peter: two things here. first of all, when chuck schumer started criticizing the deal, he hadn't re it. it wasn't released until after the press conference. its 86 pages. i bet you a lot of money he did that was pol i have referred to china as the seven deadly structural since.what we property theft addressed, intellectual property theft addressed, and above that we

have purchases and financial market accs. that's a big deal and a good deal for america. u are right. we do not get in this par of the deal the unfair subsidies. we don't get the state owned enterprises. very imptant to me is the hacking of our compuesrs by the chgovernment to steal our trade secrets. the worsthing is they are killing americans with fentanyl. but we do have those tariffs in place. they serve two things. they are the best defense against the chinese in terms of this dumping -- tijudy: the tariffs in place. peter: still in place. they are an insurance parlor see that the chine will continue to bargain in good faith. the president has done a beautiful job on this. and by thee way, you hen this for 15 years how we lost all these jobs because president obama, president bush, president clinton all laid doe. for the

chin president trump is standing up. judy: we will watch and see how it tur you mentioned intellectual property theft. there are lawyers who have been looking at this an alooking at theement. they say there are loopholes, there are exceptions. how do you know china will abide? peter: i will give youthn example ho will work. let's take intellectual property theft. nis is something i have b working on for a year now. counterfeits is a form of intellectual property theft. you go online on amazon or ali baba, you buy these fake goods from china. what we are doing at customs and border protection every month is opening thousands and thousands of packages, benmarking. what we e finding is contraband at a rate of 15%. thatin is extraoily high. people are getting ripped off right and left. you.t of those products can harm

in this case, we will know over the coming months, that rate has to go down or they are violating the agreement. they are either purchasing foreign products or they are not. ifey they are not, re violating the agreement. the currency, which went up 10% en we first started the trade agreement, that has to come down. it's easy to measure some of these things and if they violate the agreement, we have a fully and for civil -- enforceable mechanism to make sure americans are protected. judy: do you think they will abide by this agreement? around it?nk they expect to get peter: i like what ambassadoro lighthizer had say. i think this is right. you have reformers in china, they desperately want to abide by this agreement because they know their economy cannot survive unless they reform. but you have the mercantilist, protectionist talks in china that think they can only grow china on the backs of everybody else. ey are going to fight that out,ut either way, we are protected in america.

we will either get a good implemented deal or proportionate response measures. can't lose. judy: one other thing i want to ask, president trump frequently argues the american people -- and you saidag a momen that tariffs aren't bad for the american people. peter: they are great. we have proven that. judy: economists at the federal reserve bank, a respectedy institution, tve come back and they are saying the reality is, and i'm quoting from th latest, "u.s. tariffs continue to be almost entirely born on u.s. firms and consumers." peter:we the long a to that was published in an op-ed i did yesterday in "the wall stree the short answe iprthe economicession is bankrupt in terms of analyzing tariffs. they look at it as a very narrow framework. this has saved our a ste aluminum industry and brought

billions of dollars in new investment into that industry. the threat of tariffs have brought billions more investment in from the to industry from th domestic companies like gm, but also bmw and others. we are working with mexico. we got more out of mexico in terms of helping border security. the tariffs have been the only thing that have gotten china to the bargaining table. you have to think about them strategically like this president does.they are working beautifully for america. judy: peter navarro, senior advisor to the president on trade. thank you. ♪ nedy: stay with us. coming up on theur," an ebola outbreak amid war -- on republic of congo.

sist night, six democratic candidates for pnt met on the debate stage in iowa the , last debate before the iowa caucuses. it was the smallest and whitest oup of candidates so far our amna nawaz brings us this report. reporter: the debate ended on an awkward notwith massachusetts senator elizabeth warren seemingly recting a handshake from vermont senator bernie sanders. that was after moderators brought up a disagreement between the o over a private nversation in december of 2018, in whi sanders reportedly told warren he didn't believe a woman could win the eltion. >> w did you say that? sen. sanders: well, as a matter of fact, i didn't say it. in 2015, i deferd, in fact, to senator warren. there was a movement to draft senator warren to run for presidt. and you know what, i said -- stayed back. senator warren decided n to run, and i then -- i did run afterwards. hillary clinton won the popular vote by 3 million votes.

how could anybody in a million dears not believe that a woman could become pre of the united states? >> you're saying that you never told senator wren that a woman could not win the election? sen. sanders: that is correct. >> sator warren, what did you think when senator sanders told you a woman could not win the election? sen. warren: i disagreed. bernie is my friend, and i am not here to try to fight with bernie. but, look, this question about whether or not a woman can be president has been raised, and it's time for us to attack it head-on. and i think the best way to talk about who can win is by looking at peop's winning record. trump?n a woman beat donald look at the men on this stag collectively, they have lost 10 elections. [laughter] the only people on this stage who have wonvery single election that they've been in are the women. [applause] amy and me. sen. klobuchar: so true.

porter: the issue of electability, who can actually beat president trumpn november , came up throughout the night. at one point, each candidate was asked to address a vulnerability. for former south bend, indiana mayor buttigieg, it was his lack of support from black voters. >> the black voters who know me best are supporting me. it's why i have the most support in south bend. it's why, among elected black officials in my community who have gotten into this face, by most of them are supporting me. reporter: businessman tom steyer pushed back on the perception 's buying his way int the election. in one room.y myself i didn't inherit a penny from my parents. but whoever is going to beat mr. trump will have to beat him on experience and the expertise to show that he's a fake there and a fraud. reporter: and minnesota senatorb amy har reiterated that her regional roots make her the best match for president trump in november. reporter: --

sen. klobuchar: i am going to be able to stand across from him on that debate stage and sainto my friendowa, "the midwest is not flyover country for me, i live here." i'm going to be able to look at him and say, "you've treated these workers and farmers like poker chips. for me, these are my friends and these are my neighbors." reporter: the debate focused heavily on foreign polth candidates saying they would take a much different approach on iran from mr. trump. former vice president joe biden. mr. biden we have lost our : standing in the region. we have losthe support of our allies. the next president has to be able to pull those folks back together, re-establish our alliances, and insist that iran go back into the agreement, which i believe with the pressure applied as we putn before we can get done. rerter: the candidates also touched on childcare, higher education, andmpeachment. with polls showing a four-way split between biden, sanders, warren and buttigieg, ittill remains to be seen who will come out on t when iowans caucus on

february 3. for the pbs "newshour," i'm amna nawaz. judy: and here to analyze night's debate and tell us how iowans are reacting to it, i'm joined by o. k henderson. she's the news director at radio iowa and she joins us from des moin. welcome back to the newshour. what kinds of reactions are you picking up from people? >> one of the striking this about the conversation between elizabeth warren and bernie sanders that i'm hearing from ioan's is it's not necessarily about the two of them, it's more about reaching out to former clinton voters. people who went to the caucuses in 2016 voted for hillary clinton. as i go out and cover many of these candidates, namely elizabeth warren, amy klobuchar, and former candidate

harris, i've heard the phrase it's time for a woman in the white house. that conversation really reminded people of that. the other interesting thing is that elizabeth warren drew amy klobuchar in the -- into it. voting for a woman is important to you and i am not your woman, elizabeth warren may have been teleaphing, consider t a other persthe end of this stage if you are a moderate. : maybe this was a good night for elizabeth warren? >> and visiting with people who are her supporters, they were thrilled with her. and visiting with people who sort of our uncommitted, albeit most of the electorate, the majority of the electorate if you look at that i will poll, 58% of people haven't made up their mindin, she was m her points cogently.

the buttigieg people are thrilled with his performance. he was ae to compare and ntrast during the conversation that vice president biden and iraq war, but that tote was a loe ago. it was in 2002. that's the core of himessage, that he is a forward-looking candidate. he made that point during the debate. dy: so any of the campaigns concerned as a result last night? >> obviously, there's always 20/20 vision and they might have wished they had made a point, but now it is the rush to if you are one of these three a senators, y now stuck in washington, perhaps end in an impeachment trial, so the sanders and warrens camps will have to rely on the heople the been on the ground for them for a year, and in thers ce of sanseveral years.

judy: so at this point, y have been covering politics in the state of iowa for a long time. what is uppermost in the minds of voters? yo can't speak for everybody, but what are you hearing? >> what has struck me is that many people who tell me they are undecided, they are either comfortable with their trip -- choices and they tell me i could pick any of these pelple, n the front runners, and be comfortable they would be a good standardbearer, and then you have these other folks and they are almost petrified of making the wrong choice. as youel know, every nominee the democratic party has picked in this century hasucon the iowa es. judy: that's right. so they history on their shoulders. and quickly, some comment about the fact that at this point on are other candidates running who

didn't qualify for the debate, but at this point we are looking for a pretty non-diverse group. no person of color. isg that com in conversation? >> itsp is,ially among the folks who supported kamala harris, and most recently we had cory booker drop out of the race. thand you hav book or camp, which -- booker camp, which was real behind that candidate. other folks are looking and wondering where they are going to go in this race. part of the calculation here in the closing days is how do you convince people who had been supporting, fervently supporting those twoandidates, to come to another fault. judy: the days are growing shorter, we are getting closer. thank you very much. ♪

judy: t f last year and a half, an outbreak of the deadly ebola virus has wracked the democratic republic of congo. more than 3000 pple have fallen sick, with more than two -- dead. 2000 much of d.r.c. is also at war. at the outbreak's epicenter, attacks against medical teams have left the vital response at a near standstill. in partnership with the global health reporting center, special correspondent monica villamizar has the first of two stories on this crisis. reporter: the outbreak zone is also a war zone, which makes fighting this disease and increasingly difficult battle. stepping off, in butembo, our first stop is outside the medical tent. temperature check.washing, and a

i'm fine, but a sudden fever coulmean ebola, a disease th typically kills more than half its victims. the first ebola cases in north kivu province in northeastern democratic republic of congo were reported in the summer of north kivu is densely populated and shares heavily trafficked border routes with uganda and rwanda. the people of drc have suffered more than two decades of war with at ast hundreds of thousands dead, and millionsin made refugeeheir own country. in north kivu, the fighting is chaotic. and resources, and islamic militants, based in neighboring uganda. civilians are frequent targets. evert kets led the un peacekeeping force in north kivu. >> there is clearly a security

crisis with attacks from armedhe groups andeed to protect sicivilians against those. secondly, there is now, since august, the ebola crisis, which is also a huge challenge from a publ health point of view. teams fighting ebola were simply caught in the crossfire, but now they are targets. this past year, the world health organization counts nearly 400 attacks on health workers. the week we arrive, violent street protests forced a lockdowne u.n. base that is the nerve foresponse.the ebola now, we are stuck. and it's not just us. the doctors, the medical detectives, and the vaccinationd the cafeteria has been turned into a makeshift office for the medical professionals. they're here on lockdownnd that is a problem, because if they can't go out, they cant -- can'monitor people whoave contracted the ebola virus and

may be spreading it to other people. the next day, we head north. we've been hearing the protestors are armed and increasingly hostile towards the u.n. a health workers, so we're being evacuated from butembo. we're going to beni, a city that's also on lockdown. we're being escorted by the police. the city of beni, population a quarter-million, has been at tht of the outbreak. the number of cases is down from its peak in the spring, but a deteriorating security situation makes it tough to stamp out the final viral flames. and just as in butembo, there are growing protests. this protest leader says they are angry that you and troops are not doing more to stop the violence says the foreign doctors must leave. >> even if thehite doctors left, it wouldn't be a problem. we have our own black congolese doctors who will stop this outbreak. reporter: making matters worse, few people in congo trust the official word of the government or the prehe.

ma get tir news through a toxic mix of distortion, rumor , and political agitation, much of it on twitt some misleading -- >> westerners want to kill africans and sell vaccines for a disease that can be cheered. congese people are too naive. reporter: and some just flat ou false. >> at this moment and during last f night, helicoptersw low over the city of lubero to inject its population with ebola. >> you need 140 characters or something and it's all you need to spread some opethe rumors and eptions that we're certainly tracking. reporter: dr. heidi larson ru the vaccine confidence project, which studies public attitudes about vaccines, all over the world. she says the same trouble played out during the larst ebola outbreak ever, in west africa, five years ago.st al0,000 people were infected in guinea, sierra leone , and liberia. .conomies and health systems nearly collapsed

one of the biggests thi we know from rumors spread is that they thrive in times of ncertainty, they thrive in times where peopd an answer, are eager for an answer. reporter: in drc, the anti-ebola behind it are seeany as amoney way for the powerful to line their pockets. the previous hlth minister was arrested this summer and charged with stealing funds. this man works in an orphanage. vaccination to protect himself, yes, but also to set an example. >> orphansverheard that the vaccine is killing people. i want to be a model and encourage them. reporter: but not everyon is convinced. heading toou the u.n. cond, we hear that the gates are blocked by protestors. so ming here is extremely difficult. it can only be done wi an armed escort. we are trying to talk to the

spokesperson. hi, this is monica. we are following in a blue jeep withinted windows. are following the police. we're coming towards you, ifts there is shor whatever, please open the gate. this march is a response to a massacre bay islamist rebels earlier, where at least eight people were killed. dr. margaret harris is with the world health organization. >> what we are seeing now at the moment is an outpouring of anger because we have a large peacekeeper contingent and as far as some people are concerned they are saying, why are we , still suffering? reporter: how is this affecting the medical response to ebola? >> this is paralyzing all the work we would normally do to have been infected, to vaccinate all the people who might be at risk, to get the people at rk to hospital and make sure they get care, all those things we can't do right now. reporter: it doesn't mean a complete standstill. >> wee hilt up huge local

teams. one of the good things about this response is thil we have up the ability to do this work in the local population, and i do know that local community agents are doing their very best to keep this work going on. reporter: and critical work it is. one of the five people w died the week we arrived was ti motorcycle tiver. and it's close contact with people, because you are in the motorcycle, then you have to hug someone or you could fall off the motorcycle, is that that kind? >> and he wasn't identified untild, he do that means he was symptomatic for a lot of days and you get more and more and more infectious as you approaer death. repo it's a race against time to find those contacts, to check on them, and vaccinate if ey're willing. and this is just one case of many. some people re telling us that they want foreign health workers to leave and they can manage the ebola crisis on their own. do you think that's true? >> i do understand what people ear angry about. it is more frustration. everyine gives the virus a

chance to get ahead and harm the people that are out there demonstrating. reporter: just days after i spe with dr.arris, rebels killed four workers -- medical works in a pair of ambushes. nearly all of the world health organization staff including doctors were evacuated. the other major foreign medical groups, including msf, doctors without borders pulled out staff as well. predictably, the virus has seized the opening. but in early december, the number of confirmed cases started to rise agai for the pbs "newshour," i'm judy: so important to tell the. store s. that is rst of two from monica villamizar in beni, drc. that isur the "news foall of us at the pbs "newshour," thank you and see you soon. announcer: major funding for the pbs "newshour" b is provid--

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by the corporation for publice broadcasting and by contributis to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy.] announcer: this is pbs "newshour" west from weta studio in washington and from the walter cronkite school of journalism at arizona state university. lidi buon giorno. i'm lidi,

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