captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight: preparing for an outbreak. what we know, what we don't, and what should be done. we tackle the most pressing questions around coronavirus. then, i sit down with former new york city mayor mike bloomberg, who says his campaign is about more than the money he's pouring into it-- it's about his experience managing the country's biggest city. >> the others are all legislators, and they have no idea of how to run things and how to address the real issues and how to get teams together and how to make decisions when there is no right answer. and to most of these things,o there is nright answer. about. what management's all 's why it's hard.

>> woodruff: plus, life after f is. former members orror groups return to their home countries and neighbors fear the possibility of repeat radical violence. >> they just feel they're going to be stigmatized because now, actually, as they have returned, they want to have a life here. >> woodruff: all that and more, on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> on a journey with american cruise lines, travelers experience the maritime heritag anculture of the maine coast and neengland islands. our fleet of small cruise ships explore american landscapes, seaside villages, d historic harbors, where you can

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>> woodruff: emergency measures are spreading across the world tonight, in a race with thera outbreak that began in china. that comes as infectio and deaths surged again across asia and the middle east. and as economic fears fueled an almost 1,200 point loss in the dow jones industrials average, underscoring worries about the larger global economy. after the markets closed, there were reports of a whistleblower at the department of health and human services raising concernse a government workers were sent to meet the first infected patients coming to the u.s. from china withouproper training or protective gear. first, amna nawaz repo public health efforts, here and abroad. ti nawaz: across the world, governments and ns are taking steps to contain the

spread of coronavirus. in iraq, health worker sprayed disinfectant on the kufa mosque, one of the most gnificant destinations in the world. japan said it will close all mihools until late march. and in italy, thtary is stopping vehicles from entering quarantined towns, like turano, after more than 30people were infected with the virus this week. >> ( translated ): our messagey is versimple: italy is the country that is making the most checks, we have isolated all the positi cases, tracked all the people who have had contact with these positive cases, and we are following how the outbreak develops with the utmost attention. >> nawaz: the covid-19 virus has spread from its epicenter in wuhan, china to six continents. in south korea, cases have jumped to more than 1,600, the most outside of china. the government has launched roadside testi units. butid long lines for masks,

officials are facing criticism for its response. >> ( translated ): when it comes to disinfection, we would like the government to do it more oflyn, but it has been done twice. i started seeing officials disinfecting the market only after the virus started spreading, and it feels like they are always one step behind. >> nawaz: in iran, 26 have died so far, the most outside china. the governmentas loosened some strictions on international imports like hand sanitizers and rapidly-spreading fight the but, one tehran resident said the government is downplaying the coronavirus outbreak. says it's very dangerous, butet tv says it's nothing serious, it's just a simple cold. as a citizen, i haven't be able to tell which one is telling the truth. >> nawaz: the head of the world health organization warned at ao preserence in geneva the outbreak is at a "decisive point." >> our message continues to be that this virus has pandemic

we are providing tls to help every country to prepare accordingly. this is not a time for fear, this is a time for taking action now to prevent infections, and save lives. >> nawaz: back in this country, president trump continued to reassure americans of the government's response, tapping vice president mike pence to lead the administration's coronavirus taskforce. but during a press conference last night, the president contradicted the risk of a bigger outbreak in the u.s., even though top federal health officials had previously warned at.just >> well, i don't think it's inevitable. it probably will. it possibly will. ll could be at a very sma level, or could be at a larger level. prepared.happens, we're totally >> nnaz: at least 60 people i the u.s. have been infected, including one person in to have traveled ta, orbelieved been in contact with an infected person. house speaker nancy pelosi today criticizedhe administration

for slashing its public health budget, but said congress will appropriate more money. >> we're coming ose to a bipartisan agreement in the congress as how we can go forward with a number. that is a goodtart, but we don't know how much we will need. >> nawaz: senate majority leader mitch mcconnelsaid today the senate will te on that funding in the next two weeks. with the virus now reaching at least 48 countries, and mounting concerns about whether it will eventually spread wider in the u.s., we wanted to focus on some important and key information about covid-19. dr. peter hotez is an e fectious diseecialist at the baylor college of medicine. some of those questions.us with dr. hotez, welcome back to the "newshour". one of the biggest questions we hear again and again from people is we know it's a resd ratory lness 's highly contagious, but how is it spreading? how does it move from person to person? >> thanks for having me on. unfortunately, because this is a new viru, ageere's more that we don't know an we do know. we thinit's highly likely its

transmitted by sneezes or coughs, releasing micro droplets into the air that either landn surfaces that people touch on their hands and bring to their face, or the droplets will directly contact to the face, they'll rub that into the mucus meme brains of their eyes and nobl. that's proa highly likely mode of transmission that we see with other spiratory viruses. is it airborne? airborne, being small particlest in the air nat can travel for several feet or meters. not many viruses do that. meitles does it, that's whs so highly contagious, why chickenpox virus does it and why that's so congious. it may be true of this coronavirus in part because so many people are getting infected so quickly. it has a very might reproductive number of up to fout r, thaans up to four people get infected in a single individual has it.

>> reporter: people likely dangerous the viru if you how become infected. we've heard the president and othe compare it to the flu. is that a fair comparsen? >> there are similarities to th flu, certainly, but there are some important differences as well. from the stuhes in wu, the case phi tallet rates, the number of people who die because they become infected is around or 1 in 50. now, that number has been questioned in the lat few weeks because we know tre are people with low-grade symptoms maybe we're t fully accounng for, organization doctor came out a couple of daysing and said he thinks the 2% number is real. that's a pretty significant mortality rate because a typich seasonal fluch still kills a lot of people in the united states, as the president pointed out last night, wil kill around 0.1 to 0. 2.

so we're talking 10 to 20 times more lethal than inas you understandy. so it's highly trance admissible and has a high cate faality rate. so we'll have to watchhis closely especially iunited states in the coming weeks. >> people are hearing public health officials not just in thn ed states but across the world saying you need to prepare for a pandemic. this is not a question of if, it's a question of when. we hear about wsh your hands, cover your mouth when you cough. what else should people be doing? should they be cancelingio internl travel, stockpiling medications? what do you recommend they do? >> that's the big question. the good news is we're not see ago significantevel of transmission in the u.s., so we still have time. remember, it's not asife're going to be going no transmission, no transmission, then one day half the country will be infected. it won't work like that. re goinge an uptick, we'

to hear about focal areas of transmission in a few selectedti and gradually that will increase. so i think we still have a little bit of time. at thipoint, i'm not canceling any of my domestic trips. i do recommend thaif you're on prescription medicines you might want to start stockpiling those prescription medicines. son't go raiding stores at thi point. i would not even cancel major events at this point. now, having said that, a week from now or ten days from now, i may be telling you a different story, so tat's really important that you're mindful and keep in touch with the news about what's happening because this is rapidly changing situation. >> reporter: good to stay on top of it. dr. peter hotez of the baylor college of medicine. now, to the economic worries that triggered a sweeping new sell-off on wall street today. the dow jones industrial average

plunged nearly 1,200 points, its largest single-day point drop ever, to close at 25,766.sd the fell 414 points, and the s&p 500 fell 137. all three indexes were down more than 4%. record highs earlier this month, wiping out more than $2 trillion of value this week we're now officially in a market correction, and this f is ttest one to happen in 50 years. liz ann sonders ismehe chief inve strategist for welcome back to the "newshour" liz ann sonders. you heard dr. hotez talk about all the uncertainty around the coronavirus. many questions we don't have answers to. do we know that uncertainty is leading to these market drops? >> i think it's not only the uncertainty but the fact the most recent experience weave with something similar is the sars outbreak in 2003. i think the most important difference and why this is more severe is china's share in global economic growth has

quadrupled and their consumer has become a much more integral part of global consumption. that plus thomeexity of supply chains, how integrated everything has become in termsn, of producthat i think adds to the uncertainty. we don't know the time of this and thseverity of the ripple effects is pretty significant. >> we're seeing companiesat immey affected especially around quarantines and travelns restrictround the world. how wide do you think the ripple effects will go? >> wel we have seen anlysts trim their estimates for corporate earnings fo 2020, but that's with very little information from the companies because the companies themselves aren't armed with the hformation to give guidance as to how big ait with earnings. so the cuts have started. there's probab more to co, but there's really no sense of how deep we have to go before we finally see stabilization. >> obviously the severity of this drop is causing concern.

the speed of this drop is also using some concern. but is st fair toay that, in some ways, there's a lot of anticipation the market will pull back at some point, som kind of news event or world event would trigger that. was this just a correction waitpeg to hap >> to some degree yes. i wrote a report for our clients in mid january that talked about investor sentiment having gotobn ly way too complacent. too much euphoria optimism and that sets up some negcaative lyst which clearly has been testify case. so there's been a necessary relatingnd bringing down som of that optimism. unfortunately, what we also have had happen is there was a lot of momentum-driven trading happening in the market, a lot of big institutions, more professional invest, that play on rising momentum. well, momentum then reversed and we have that same force now soft chasing momentum on the down side, which means that the move on the upside may have gone a bit too far and we could get to

a point where the move on the wnside goes too far but that's the nature of the narcotic how. >> reporter: a lot of the headlines are focused on the largest point drop, what's the understanding of that? >> we have to look at percentages here. i don't want to dismiss the negative feeling when you have a 4% drop, but a crash of '87 was only 500 points on the dow but that was 23%. we're in correction territory and that means the drop is more than 10% from the high. to put that in contest, on average, since the inception of the s&p 1 sin27, wie had about one correction of that magnitude every year, so w do have to put it in percentage context. >> reporter: liz ann sonders or charles schwab & company. thanks for being with us. >> my pleasure. >> woodruff: in the day's other news, a major new military clasw

erupted n turkey and syria. the turks say that at least 22 of their soldiers were killed in an air strike in iib province, in northwestern syria. they retaliated with artillery. turkey has sent thousands of troops intidlib to stop a syrian offensive that has driven toward the turkish border.s 32 from rioting between hindused and muslimin new delhi this week. security officials urged calm today as they patrolled streetsr lined with c buildings, burned cars and wrecked shops.tr >> ( slated ): through this march, we are trying to create faith in people's hearts. h they done to tremble and have fear anymore. the police will take strict actions against the miscreants. after months of protests against a citizenship law that excludes. muslim refug back in this country, police in milwaukee worked to piece m together tive behind wednesday's carnage at the

molson coors brewing company. investigators say a 51-year-old employee at the site shoe and killed fworkers, then killed himself. it's not yet car if the gunman knew his victims. federal officials have ordered the university of southern california today to make major changes in handling complaints of sexual abuse. the u.s. education department found that u.s.-c. failed for years to address allegations by hundreds of woainst a former campus gynecologist. dr. george tyndall is nowri facingnal charges of sexual abuse. former baltimore mayor catherine pugh was sentenced today to three years in feder prison, for a scam involving her children's books. the veteran democrat earned in fraudulent sales of thelars books. she pled guilty to conspiracy and tax evasion. and, new numbers show more and more people in the u.s. are

gett the centers for disease control and prevention reports that 42% of americans are obese, a 40% increase over the last 20 years. nearly 10% are severely obese, 10 times more than 50 years ago. still to come on the newshour: speang with democratic presidential candidate michael bloomberg,ith just days to go before he appears on the ballot. when jihadists comhome.th grappling wihe return of former fighters. and, much more. >> woodruff: n we turn to the race for the democraticti presid nomination. our lisa desjardins is in

south carolina, and reports on the push to win over voters there, before the stakes climb on super tuesday. >> desjardins: the democratic march toward a nominee is now ap multi-state nt, starting in south carolina, which votes saturday, and where billionaire businessman tom steyer today focused on rural votes. >> thistate is so nice. >> desjardins: a new monmouth university poll shows steyer virtually tied for second place with vermont senator bernie sanders in the state, but well behind former vice president joe biden. tatanshia palmer told me why it's steyer for her. >> i think that tom, with his economic that he could actually grow this community. >> desjardins: also storming the palmetto state today, former south bend, indiana mayor iete butt >> let's go joe! >> desjardins: but biden is seen as the leader here, stressinge his health csion as an extension of president obama's. >> i'm not suggeing we start

i'm running to prot and to new. build on it. >> desjardins: last ght at a cnn town hall in charleston, senator elizabeth warren said she's ready to fightll the way to the convention, even if someone else has more delegates. >> as long as ey want me to stay in this race, i'm staying in this race. that and, i've done a lot of pinky promises out there. so i've got to stay in this. i've told little girlse persist." >> desjardins: otherwise, though, the pack is spending more time on the 14 states that vote on super tuesday, like north carolina, where sanders made a "get out the vote" pitch to his strongest supporters: the young. >> on super tuesday, you'll be i'm here today to ask not onlyfo your support, but to ask you to bring out your friends, faly and coworkers. i'm asking you to help create the largest vote turnout in

the history of the north carolina primary. >> desjardins: and 1,000 miles away in the super tuesday state ofexas, former new york city mayor mike bloombee is fighting nders hold. >> if you want someone who has the resources to beat trump, that's me. >> desjardins: and ig eed, bloomberter rodney shipp told newshour, he thinks sa.ers' ideas are unrealist >> i get that, when bernie comes and says all these things that he's going to do, get rid of college debt, free health care, and free colge, and i don't know if all that is practical. amy klobuchar held events inator both north and south carolina thuray, including a voting rights roundtable in greensboro. >> we should be making it easier to vote. we should have national reforms. >> desjardins: time is gettingrt soand the candidates, still, are many. for the pbs newshour, i'm lisa

>> woodruff: this morning i sat down in houston with former new york city mayor mike bloomasrg, e was making his texas swing today. our wide-ranging conversation delved into his campaign and his 12-year cord as mayor, but, we began with an urgent issue that's playing out as we speak: s. government's response to the coronavirus outbreak. ayor michael bloomberg, thank you very much folking with us. >> thank you for having me. >> woodruff: the coravirus, rising concerns in this country, spreading rapidly around thd, woapan closing down its schools. you have been very critical of president trump. you said he's buried h head in the sand, he let go the entire team that was supseto be working on this. yesterday, he named vice president pence, who critics say doesn't haveic paar expertise in this area, to oversee the effort. but my question to you, as somebody who knows something

about it, as you've said, as mayor, is would you appoint a czar to oversee the coronavirus reonse if you were president is this. h >> no, i wouve a czar in place all the ti to address issues like this. somebody. just bring in the vice president, i've met him once, nice guy. e we shook hands, that's ly time i've ever met him, but he was one of the people who said smoking has nothing to do witnc . he just does not have the what i did in new york city is i had a person, ahole department, that was there to address issues like swine flur and the fter 9/11 when people were breathing that air and a lot have come down with cancer, a whole bunch of things, and hurricane sandy, these are things you don't just respond to. pu put people in place, you

practice, you hans of what you do if this or that happens, you test out your tragedies, communications, for example. whatdeau do witpeople with special needs, let's see seniors in a home,ow do you acuate them. it's the wrong way to go about it. he dismissed, as you pointed out, all the people that were ther the numbers are 1600 scientists have left the administration since he came into office. ere's nobody there. >> woodruff: the congressional democrats are asking for n .5 billi. the administratid $2 billion. what's the right number? >> we should been arguing about the amthount. issue is what do you want to do. i can tell you whathe number is if you can tell me what you people, which agencies are going to run it, how they're going to respond, and then you look to see what the cost is, and it's the health of america. so whatevs the number iat you need to do it, that's the number you have to come up wih. but we go about these tings

backwards. we're arguing about money when you should bein arabout how you save lives. woodruff: no question it's serious. about the campaign, the general consensus is you did better in the second debate. >> i joked about it. i was afraid they would be afraid of debating me because i did so well in the first. >> woodruff: were you ill prepared for tho questionsn the first debate? >>o, i certainly knew what we were talking about, but what i was prepared for was to discuss an issue, to tell you what we should do, what my knowledge is and how i would be able to do it. and i get there, ans it wa my first debate, and instead of that, it turns out who can yell at each other and say the same thing the most. in thilast debate where i supposedly d better and is certainly more comfortable because i was knowledgeable about what to do. bernie sanders and elizabeth warren had the same anwer with every question, no matter the

question the moderator asked, they came back thte talking points of how they wanted to hurt everyone else. it's an efective strategy so far. super tuesday comes after south carolina, 1300 delegates. how well are you going to do? can you come out ahead of bernde s is this. >> i think he's popular out there and been campaigning. >> woodruff: around thtre co >> and in california. there's a lot of millennials that he does well among t younger people, and, so, he should do well there. the issue is how many votes he gets, but i think he'll certainly get more than anybody else. from my point of view,e just got to work in every single one of these states, get as many delegates as i can, explain to people what i've done in the past. the reasono vote for me is, if you like what i did intwelve years as mayor of new york city, and if you think that tells you that i would be able too the job if i was elected, and the other candidates on that stage, none of them can say, look at my

past, because none of them have any management erience, they're all let, with exception of pete, wh is the mayor of small city and went to a bloomberg training program and d d work very well, but the others are all legislators and they have nodea of how to run things and how to address e real issues and how to get teams together and how to make decisions when there iso right answer, and to most of these things, there is no right answer. that's what management is all about. 's why it's hard. >> woodruff: some of your television ads in this campaign depict you as with being very close with president obama and, yet, there's no record of your having endorsed himd in 2008, an it was only apparently in the final days of the campaign in >> that's true, buou takem. proponent of obamacare, theg afordablcare act. i gave speeches before the national conference of mayors, m urging t quors all to get behind it.

i didn't agree with everything that preoddent obama did, nob would agree with what any other e,rson does 100% of the tim but i voted fo him twice, i voted for hillary, i spoke to the democratic national if you take a look at all the -- >> woodruff: so why are youf running a lots with you >> because one of the things is the vice president keeps saying he did all these things, a i'm running against the vice president. i'm not running against barack ng against joe biden as well as others, and that's what ads do, point out the difference. i was out therei dong things. joe did good service for the country t not running things, that's not what the vice president does. the president and the president's chief of staff do the things, the implementation and making policy, and the vice president is a spokesman for the countjo. an, i think, did a good job doing that, but it's not the same thing. >> woodruff: quickly, the ads you're saying are a correct

portrayal of your relationship with the president. >> we did a lot of things together over the eight years, yeah he's a friend and i've talked to him a number of times since then, socialized, but ran the country, and i was the mayor of new york city, and new york city and the federal government, given the size o new york, you do do lot of things together. >> woodruff: as mayor, yoti were g high marks for many of your policy job appointments, including --nd you appointed a number of people including high-poweredutall street exes. my question is would you appoint some of those same types. >> oh, absolutely, i want people who have people who havrt exe. if you are going to pick a secretary of the treasury, you want somebodyt that understands international finance. you don't want to pick somebody who has no knowledge whatsoever. you want to go t where, if, for example, in public health, we have been talking abut earlier, i've appointed tom frieden, brght him all the way from

india to take over. he went on to runenters for disease control. he was the world's expert in infectiou diseases. that's what we needed. of course, i would appoint somebody like that.ou >> woodruff:re being criticized by some in the american muslim community for your actio. 2011, the associated press reporting on a secret police surveillance program that targeted muslims, focusing on plac where they worked, prayed and socialized. at one point, undfiercover rs were sent with a student on a rafting trip. you said later the surveillance was justified in order to keep the country safe, but there have been independent reviews since at showed not a single arrest was made. >> well, that's good. >> woodruff: that could beo attributedis surveillance. >> number one, remember, you're talking about right after 9/11 when everybody wats perified about another terrorist attack. we were super careful to alwayse obeyaw. number one, it's the right thing to do, number two, the new

people would be loo aki it. we sent some officers into some mosques to listen to the sermon e imam gave. the courts ruled it was exactly within thethaw, and that'se kind of thing we should be doing. i don't remember the rafting trip story whatsoever, but i do web that, and we were very careful. and the authorities that looked at it said, yes, youie com with the law. but we had every intention of going every place we could legally to get as much information to protect this country. we had just lost 3,000 people at 9/11. of course, we're supposed to do. th >> woodruff: do you think it was necessary to single out muslim-americans that way and would you do that as president? elsewhere, there were lots of places we looked. we have an intelligence partment in the police department, which is, i think, one of the finest in the world. i assume it still is i have been away from it now for three or four years, but we've put an enormous amount of work init

coordinatingfederal intelligence agencies and state intelligence agencies try to keep this country safe, and there's no question about whether the people who committed the terrible atrocities ofhe three airplane crashes and all the people getting killed, where they came from andit's a natural place to go, yes. but, remember, i was the one who defended building a mosque in new york city, which i got grief r, but i'm a believer of freem of reigion, but we've continued to this day, i assume, to keep our eyes nd ears opn and look wherever you can legally to make sure nothingha likeis going to happen again. these are lives we're talking about. >> woodruff: to clafy quickly on that, you're saying it's okay to target muslim snerns. >> no, it's okay to go where you think there might be information that would be useful in keeping us safe, and there were iams

who publicly a that time were urging terrorism, so, of course, that's where you're going to goe itnot, incidentally, mean all muslims are terrorists or all terrorists are muslim, but there was -- the people that flew those airspace cam -- airps came from the middle east and some of the imams were urging more of the same and, of course, we sent the police officers in, er carefule so sup because you knew people would look at it, and i didn't want anybody to thinke we targeting an ethnicity. we were just target ago group where it was more likely we we wanted to listen to the iams who reportedly were stirring things up. that's what intelligence is all about. u have to step back, judy, and understand, we had 3,000 people killed in one few minutes. >> woodruff: but it wasn't a religion that killed them. >> no, but all the people came from the same placeand all that came were from a place that if they had been anotherion and

religion, we would have done the same thing. >> woodruff: last thing i want to ask you about, the nos isclosure agreeme women at the company at accused you of inappropriate comments. you apologized and said #metoo movement is a good thing. >> yes, i think what it's discovered is a good lesson for all of us. it sd haven't happened. hopefully we've stopped it. if that's a good contribution -- if that's the contribution, that's a good outcome. >> woodruff: i've herd women say what was it people were doing in the '70s, '80s,at '90s that shouldn't be doing now? what does that say to you, as ah powerful man does it say to you? was out in california, someplace in the west, speaking andso body had said something, and she said she rked during three or four different wall street firms during her career and she will telyou it was a pretty ugh world and women were not

treated fairly and suffered from dination and abuse and that sort of thing, and se expressed her views, notit everybody like but her attitude was to put her nose to the grindstone and cep working and work her way through it and fight back and she came out okay. saying they should get over it. >> that's her attitude. i can't put myself in her position and see how she felt, but she certainly has a firsthand knowledge, and if anybody i know has the credibility to describe it to me, she certnly does, an i've -e out with thme conclusion, i don't know, i wassent there at the time. >> woodruff: you're the fatherw of grown daughters. >> yes, and how much discriminaon they've faced in life. i don't remember us having a specific conversation about that. my daughters arry dedicated and have their own views. neither one is a shrinking

violet. they stand up and fight for what they believe and i'm very proud of them. >> woodruff: buto you personally, you're saying that this change is wise. >> i think the world is a lot better. one of the things i did is i called my company and said you will not use non-disclosure agreements ever agin anyplace in the company. we're the first large company in america t do that. hopefully, that will start a trend. but even if it doesn't start a trend, it's what i think, in retrospect, after listening to all this, is right, and the three cases whe only onich would result in a lawsuit, but the threea cses, if i've said things that offended people, i'm sorry. i didn't mean it in that context. we all say thgs we shouldn't have said, but i'm only talking about me in this case, and i apologize for it.i' tried to do something about it, and that's -- you knon there'thing else i can do,

or make sure they will come forward if they so choose and whether they will or not, i have >> woodruff: michael bloomberg, thank youo much. >> thank you very much for >> woodruff: you can watch and you can watch my fl interview with mike bloomberg, including his reaction to the controversial "stop and frk" policy, on our website, www.pbs.org/newshour. >> woodruff: stay with us. coming up on the newshour: the author of "dark towers," on the scandal-scarred bank that helped fuel the rise of president trump. hundreds of foreign fighters who fought for the islamic state are still languishing in jails in syria and iraq. president trump d like european nations to follow the example of kosovo: bring them home, and put them on trial. but many european countries fear that the former fighters will

commit terrorist acts if allowed tecial correspondmalcolm brabant traveledkosovo to meet a man who claims to have reformed, after fighting for a group linked to the islamic pate. >> we've just lestina, which is the capital of kosovo. we're going to meet a man called hajrush laci, who says that he's just come out of jail having spent three years inside, and ht says he wants k. i'm working with award-winning kosovar journalist shkumbin ahtxhekaj. >> kosovo, back in 2014, has approved a law which bans participation of its citizens in foreign rs. so if they have paicipated in these terrorist organizations or in foreign wars, they face jail. >> reporte after the islamic state was defeated, the kosovo government transported back to these hills four jihadis and 1an wives, widowchildren. for a year, shkumbin has been trying withoutuccess to persuade a returning extremist to talk. >> because they just feel

they're going to be stigmatized and going to be seen as people who have destroyed the image of this country, because now, actually, as they have returned, they want to have a life here. >> reporter: we're heading to the cradle of kosovo jihadism, a small industrial town called hani i elezit that produced many of the 400 kosovar fighters who joined the islamic state and bestowed the country with an undesirable reputation for radicalism. and this is 30-year-old hajrush laci. before he left for syria in 2014, he was a distribution mpmanager for a logistics y. laci sayhe was radicalized aftewatching online videos about syria. he says heoined a militant oup that was absorbed by the islamic state, and fought against forces of syriansh president al assad near but he quickly became disillusioned, and returned to a kosovo aftonth. laci spent time in this high

security jail after being convicted of belonginge islamic state. "they took me to prison at the worst period of my life," he says. "let's get out of here," he says, "let's do the intervie somewhere else." we drive for 20 minutes. laci's short war was costly. he's brought shame on his family. his relationship disintegrated. he seeks atonement, while justifying his legacy. >> ( translated ): everyone wants to be remembered foron something he'sin his life. those who have no values, die forever. >> reporter: we stop by the main mosque in a nearby town. are you a terrorist? >> ha, ha, i'm not terrorist. islam learned me to be good person, good man, not terrorist. >> reporter: did you decapitate anyone? >> never. >> reporter: what was your motivation for going to syria >> ( translated ): above all, it

those people who called fort for help. actually, i went there because i saw that they were abandoned by the world. they were muslims, and who cares about them? atrocities?: did you see any >> ( translated ): i haven't get their confidence for having access to these sites where these actions we see on youtube and other social media, you need to spend aleast six months to a year to be trusted as a person. >> reporter: it's been about a year since president trump appealed to european nations to bring back jihadis and their families from campand prisons in what was kurdistan, and to put them on trial. but most european nations have been extremely reticent. some, including britain and denmark, have taken away passports of those with dual nationalities, to make sure they hin't come home. rexhep lushta is imam of this mosque and one of 20 ans working to defuse the religious fanaticism of

so far, 120 have come back. >> ( translated ): when we clarified some of thecontentiou, they started to understand that their beliefs were based on illiterate theological understandings, and that they were wrong.pe i hat the meetings a lessons we've had have contributed to their religious beliefs being reformed. >> reporter: but isn't that naive? aren't the jihadis just telling the imams what they want to hear? >> ( translated ): based on my judgement and the contacts i had with these guys, taking into consideration alsohe global trend, i don't see that they pose any danger from radicalism in kosovo when they get t of prison. >> reporter: these are the foreign fighters of the islami state that president trump wantc europe to takek. the video, obtained by war correspondent anthony loyd of the "london mes" last year, is of a kurdish prison in northern

syria. the kurds struggled to contain them the fighters faked the sickness c, shedhe being subdued.idefore can these militants ever be changed? serity expert skender perteshi has met all the returning kosovar fighters, who, he sa, have a potential for violence. >> ( translated ): all of them which have returned, they have experience of the battlefield, they have experienced different kinds of trauma of the conflict in the middle east. the majority of them who have returned to kosovo, they are a risk and a threat to national security. we cannot guarantee that these persons can be deradicalized. >> reporter: foreign diplomats also worry that when jihadis finish short jail sentences, they aren't required to attend deradicalization programs, nor are th placed on probation or compelled to live in halfway houses.

but skender perteshi says that kosovo's systemppears to be working so far. >> ( translated ): it's much more important to change t behavior of each individual. so by changing the behavior and somehow preventing thi individual from adopting violent ideology can be successful in the long term. >> reporter: thus far, only 16 jihadis have returned to the town of hani i elezit. mayor rufki suma says not all are hard-core terrorists. but there's 35% unemployment here, and the mayor's worried that not enough is being done to help them reform. >> ( translated as a municipality, we don't have a single cent allocated for this category if we had the financial means to help these people to open their own businesses, be people who are experts in their fields, it would be good. herwise, they will remain in their houses, isolated. they'll rein on the street. and by doing so, and they'll

represent a risk. >> reporter: the town's repentant fighter wants to help. what can you contribute, in terms of trying to deradicalize people? >> ( translated ): in the past, i have tried to deradicalize people who have taken the wrong path, and have been influenced by those with bad belis. but at the moment, many of them are still in prison, and i can't jail.ything while they're in i hope to cope with my own issues in the meantime, but i can still contribute and help others in the ture. >> reporter: kosovo is preparing to repatriate a second batchf extremists security expert skender perteshi riis critical of other cou that refuse to do the same. >> ( translated ): if theyo not return them back, if they do not rehabilitate them, they are not countering or preventing radicalization. >> reporter: the islamic state may have lost the war, but is it finished? >> ( translated ): no, i don't believe they are done.

even in the past, they lost powerful.but returned more but the isis which i read about, heard about, the one that i was close to, isis which mgroup cooperated with, is not done, reporter: it'll take time to. determine whether kosovo can safely defuse the potential time-bomb it has willingly imported. the rest of europe is watching with trepidation. for the pbs newshour, i'm malcolm brabant in kosovo. >> woodruff: the fallout from the 2008 global financial crisis revealed that some of the world's largest and mostrf po banks were deeply involved in an arr of risky and reckless financial dealings that helped bring down the economy. as paul solman tells us, germany's giant deutsche bank took a particularly aggressive

tack, the consequences of which are still playing out today. his conversation is part of our regular series on business and economics, "making sense." >> reporter: deutsche bank began by fundingerman industry and risky railroads the 19th century, and helped bankroll the nazis in the 20th from the end of world war ii to the '90s. it was a traditional lender. but as global finance went high-tech, high-risk, deutsc bank joined the game, becoming a banker to russian oligarchs, iran, and the principal lender to donald trump, before he ran for office, after he'done bankrupt by 2008, it had become one of the three largest banks in the world. the "new york times," has been covering the bank for years. that story is now in one place, "dark towers: deutsche bank,ld dorump and an epic trail of destruction."ch david enwelcome. so, start us off with the banks' heginnings. >>ank was founded in 1870.

and as you said, it was usually doing lending to bign companies and european companies that were trying to spread their wings internationally. it was a very traditional, kind of conservative, not very interesting lender for most it first 12 decades. it's running with the nazis, and help for the nazis was kind of the exception that proves the rule during that period. d reporter: you say you write that it helped fschwitz, it helped fund the construction of auschwitz. >> it lped fund the construction of the factory that manufactured poison gas that was used in auschwitz. it helped with the aryanization process, taking over jewish- owned businesses throughout europe. >> reporter: and it got rid of its own jewish bankers. >> yeah. i mean, that was the first thing it did. the genocide.ry much a party to >> reporter: when did it become a high-risk high roller? >> this started in the 199. so, the deutsche bank's leaders had watched as one b american bank after another started developing a huge wall streetis franthat was competing internationally and starting to

win business not only from the c germpanies, but even in some cases from the german government. and deutsche bank, which is the national champion in germany, obviously, it looked at the situation and said, if it-- ift the wall strrms are coming to germany, we should be going to wall street. and so, they acquired a coup of investment banks. they hired thousands and thousands of investment bankersr kind of the most aggressive firms in wall street at the time-- merrill lynch, lehman brothers, bankers trust. and they build, virtually from scratch anvirtually overnight, one of the biggest, most aggressive trading, sales and trading operations that wall stet had ever seen. and it just went head over-- head over heels, ilehink, very rely in hindsight, trying to compete. >> reporter: lots of people, lots of banks went recklessly at s that. >> thaue. >> reporter: the two ahead of it-- i looked it up, a by 2008, the only two that were larger actually don't exist anymore. >> yeah, that is absolutely true. this was-- it was very much acr ture of the era in which it was operating.

and this was a period in the '80s andhen in the '90s and into the-- obviously into the 2000s, where all the rage in washington and london and many capitals of the world was kind of laissez faire regulatn. were very much operating under this assumption that big private companies can look after themselves, and the government does not need to interfere in how they're being run.r: >> reporkay. so why the rationship with donald trump, and whenexactly? >> so, the relationship startedn he late 1990s. deutsche bank at that time was trying to make a name for itself on wall street, trying to build ess brand in the united states. and there are ale other, much more established banks out there. and donald trump at the time had defaulted over and over againse --or his businhad, on loans from a wide ar sy of banks, ahe was basically off-limits to the mainstream financial industry. dold trump needed banks th

had higher tolerances for risk and less interest in their client rutation, and deutsche bank needed clients who were essentially unbankable to normal financial instity'ions. so t kind of made for each other. >> reporter: both trump and deutsche banks' loans to trump made money, right?pe >> well, it s how you calculate it. and over the past 20 years, deutsche bk has lent on the order of about $2 billion to trump. he's defaulted on two of those, at least. and one of those is-- was a nd offer that the deutsche bank did for its clnts, so that cost the banks' clients money, not the bank itself. and the other was a huge loan to finance the construction of a chicago skyscraper in 2005, 2008. trump defaulted on in as it turned out, another arm of the bank came and essentially bailed out its otherrm by making another loan to donald trump. and so that essentially ped out the losses the bank would have faced. so by my accounting, this has not actually been a money-losing exercise for deutsche bank. and in fact, deutsche bank can afford to charge higher fees because trump was completely unbankable by any ot institution. so there is nowhere else really for him to turn. and for trump's-- from trump'snt andpthis has been enormously helpful in that no

other bank would touch him, and he would not have the busiss pire that he has today. he probably wouldn't be in theho white today, were it not for this relationship. >> reporter: would he really not be president donald trump, if not for the relationship with deutsche bank?ha >> i mean, tt's obviously an impossible thing to ugasure, even ti keep saying it. had i think the reality is trump would not have been able to go on the building-and-buying spree that he went on the past half dozenears were not for deutsche bank, whether it was converting the o post office building here in washington into a luxury hotel, which is something he used repeatly as a prop on the campaign trail; building a huge skyscraper in chicago, purchasing the dora f golf resort rida. and so the list of things that trump has built or bought due to deutsche bank, it's a very long list. he also-- he would use deutsche bank as a prop on the campaign trl, pointing, when people would-- like, hillary clinton would say, "you have a horrible record as a businessman.

no banks will touch you." he could accurately say, "wait just a second-- one of the world's biggest banks is very happy with me as a customer." >> reporter: and this was during the era of innumerable-- well, i guess there are numerable-- scandals, but there are a lot of them, all associated with deutsche bank, right? >> yeah. they had me money-laundering schemes that i can even count off the top of my head. they were evading taxes. they were bribing people. they were violating international sanctions. look at any major financial scandal in the past ten or 15 years, deutsche bank has been at or near the center. >> reporr: executives at utsche bank knew it was going on, right, with all these scandals? t >> yeay knew about, and in some cases, participated in, these scandad in other cases, really tried to deal with the bad behavior. and one executive, named cole fan, who is the top executives of the bank, went so far as to give a video message to all of-- all of the bank's how they communicate about the wrongdoing they're committed. and th became a bit of a viral sensation on the internet, because people noting that colin fan was not saying "stop misbehaving"-- he was saying "stop communicating in writing

about your risbehavior." orter: but it was saved, wasn't it, by one of its-- or several of its employees, in 2008? it did not go under in 2008. >> that's right. a number of traders made a huge bet that the u.s. housing mark was going to collapse. and they engineered these gantic transactions, where they stood to profit on the collapse of that market. and ose bets largely, i thin did save deutsche bank at the time. >> reporter: the book is "dark towers." david enrich, the author, thank you very much. >> thank you. >> woodruff: and an example of why news reporting matters. for that's the newshou tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us online, and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at theho pbs ne, thank you, and we'll see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour h been provided by: >> before we talk about your

investments-- what new? >> well, audrey's expecting... >> twins! >> grandparents. e we want to put money as for them, so, change in plans. >> all right, let's see what we can adjust. >> we'd be closer to the twins. >> change in plans. >> okay. >> mom, are you painting again? you could sell these. >>et me guess, change in plans? >> at fidelity, changing plans is always part of the plan. >> american cruise lines. >> bnsf railway. >> consumer cellul. >> collette. >> the ford foundation. working with visionaries on the ontlines of social chang worldwide. >> andy the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, technology, anproved economic performance and financial literacy in the 21st century. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions

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hello,veryone, and welcomeur to "aman co." here's what's coming up. change is coming and it's going to be president -- presidt bernie sanders. >> confidence from the sanders camp heading into the south carolina primary. i speak to campaign co-chair nina turner. then fighting for truth and justice and against sexism, prosecutor jill wine-banks, the author of watergate girl. plus -- t >> i wre because i knew and understood if i didn't fight them there, they would have the time andpace to plan another 9/11. >> he speaks to afan war