caioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> oodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight: as the death toll from covid-19 continues to spike, lawmakers workout a new round of economic relief i talk to speaker of the house thsponse to the virus. , the "hunt for a vaccine." our miles o'brien on the race to find a treatment-- the onlyfi sure way for life to return to normal. plus, the pandemic abroad. how medical officials in uganda are putting their experience with past health crises to work. and, "scenes of silence."es ciround the world come to a standstill, as covid-19 maintains its grip on the globe.

all thatnd more, on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> consumer cellular offers no-contract wireless plans that o are designed to help youre of the things you enjoy. whether you're a talker, texter, browser, photographer, or a bit of everything, our u.s.-based customer service team is here to find a plan that fits you. to learn more, go to consumercellular.tv >> bnsf railway. >> financial services firm raymond james. >> fidelity investments. >> the john s. and james l. knight foundation. fostering informed and engagedun commities. more at kf.org. >> and with the ongoing supportt

se institutions: possible by the coion for public broadcasting. and by contributions to ur pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: round four of rescue aid is on its way through the u.s. congrmis tonight, for ions of americans hurt by the pandemic. meanwhile, infections worldwidei have topped 2.ion, including well over 800,000 cases and nearly 45,000 deaths here in the u.s. amna nawaz begins our coverage. >> nawaz: on capitol hill, a rened effort today to mitigate the economic pain of the covid-19 pandemic. >> this is even more money than back.ested a while

>> the depths of the crisis we now face meant that funding for certain programs in this bill had already been depleted. >> nawaz: the senate passed a nearly $500 billion relief package, including funds for hospitals, testing, and new money to boost a small-business lending program that's now dried up. negotiations had stalled over how to ensure the money goes where it's most needed. an associated press analysis found at least 75 big compies,ly all publraded, had received a combined $300 million in low-interest loans through the initial progratrroll-out, fring small-business owners like zachary davis. >> a company that's doing tens millions a year in revenue is going to be first in line with a tog bank when it comes tim apply for one of these things. >> nawaz: davilesaid he scrato apply for funds for his santa cruz, california ice cream shop, t was shut out. the lack of funding in the new congressional package has also frustrated leaders of hard-hit states, like nnk york. >> i tt's a terrible

mistake not to provide funding for the states. i get small businesses. i get airlines. how about police how about fire? how about heth care workers? >> nawaz: governor andrew cuomo flew to washington after that briefing, to meet with president trump on the continued need for state resources. that meeting followed an overnight tweet from the president, declaring he would be "signing an executive oer to temporarily suspend immigration." texas congressman joaquin castro, chair of the congressiol hispanic caucus, accused the president of diverting attention from his" failure to stop the spread of the coronavirus" and "take advantage of a crisis." even before the president's tweet, immigration to the u.s. had largely been shuttered, after years of administration policies to limit migration and recent steps in response to the pandemic, including suspending restricting incoming air travel. meanwhile, outside the whiteda house >> if you don't protect us, we

can't protect our patients. >> nawaz: members of uational nursted, the nation's largest union of registered nurses, prested the lack of masks and other protective equipment. >> it's extremely scary, to not know whether or not you're t protected enoutake care of these patients and know that you're not going to get sick and pass it on to your friends and family. >> nawaz: medical workers say they continue to be strained, as this as new virus hotspots flare up across the country. massachusetts is now trailing new york and new jery in the number of infections and deaths. governor charlie baker reported a surge in hospitalizations today: >> the data shows we're still very much in the grips of a pandemic here in massachusetts. i know that's hard to hear, and it's hard for me to say. >> nawaz: at the same time, some states where infections have yet

to peak are already moving toei re-open theconomies. >> on america now! >> nawaz: hundreds protested in raleigh today to pressure north carolina's governor to do the same. overseas, in italy, once the global epicenter of the pandemic, prime minister giuseppe conte said restrictwons d likely be lifted beginningay in early. meanwhile, the world fooded program waoday hunger worldwide could double this year the continued economic fallout of the pandenec. for the pbhour, i'm amna nawaz. >> woodruff: that economic fallout t oil prices hard again today-- and that, in turn, took down wall street again. ce dow jones industrial average lost 631 points se at 23,018. the nasdaq fell 297 points, and the s&p 500 was down 86. and now,o help us dive deeper

into the details of the senate's relief package, i'm joined by our congressional correspondent, lisa desjardins. so lisa, it's fresh off the floor of the senate. tell us what the main pieces of this legislation are. r ht. let's break this down right away, judy. here's a look at what's in this. first of all, $320 billion to extend the paycheck protection ogram. that's basically the keep small businesses able to keep their employees on for another eight weeks. there's $60 billion in addition to that for small businesses for what's called economic dis loans. that money had also run out. $75 billion for hospitals and other healthcare providers, and then $25 billion for testing.so of that is going to the national institute and much of that is also going to states and cities. >> woodruff: so lisa,also more about the new money in

here, money for overlooked immunities. >> right. this is what democrats, one of the reasons they were holdingan outhey felt was very important. in this bill is $60 billion specifically targeted for have a laprofile.nks that don't why is that? that came out yesterday from the national small business eyassociation. ound from their members, if a member had more than 20em oyees, that 52% of those members were able to get help through this program, but for small businesses with fewer than 10 employees, only 18% were able to get the help through this program. that core responds -- corresponds to what amna was talking about in her story about very largeusinesses getting help, small businesses not. democrats were able to put money in the bank for small businesses, most are rural, som ban. most don't have as much access to capital. also, a note, is bill required

national testing plan from the trump administration within 30 days, and down the road it requires that there databased on race, gender, and location as to who is tracting and who is dying from this virus. >> woodruff: what everybodyn wants tow, lisa, is when will this must be -- money reach people? >> the house plans to vote onur ay that. will be a full house vote. many members will have to return for that. after that it goes to the president. he's expected to sign it quickly, i'm told by experts that once the president signs this bill, this money can be flowing to businesses very quickly within just a few days, maybe just one day, because a lot of the achitecture has already been established for how >> woodruff: all right. lisa desjardins reporting on what's happening at the cpitol. lisa, thank you. >>ou're welcome. >> woodruff: and now with the billn its way to the ouse for and now, with the bill on its way to the house for a let's bring in speaker of the

house nancy pelosi.us she joinow frocapitol hill. madam speaker, thank you very much for talking with us. we just heard lisalay out e main elements of this legislation. telles what you think th main difference this bill is going to make for people. >> well, as usual, lisa did a very good job of putting forth the particulars of the legislation. ank you, lisa. what's important here, though, and let me begin, i always use markers. two weeks ago from today, thiswo tuesday,eeks ago, the 7th of april, the secretary of the treasury called me and said i need $250 billion. that would be a quarter of al trillion drs, and it will be on the senate floor in 48 hours. 48 hours.f a trillion dollars in i said, i don't think so. the very next day on aprilse 8th, hnd senate democrats proposed an alternative that would reach the under bank, so many the small businesses, as well as expanding opportunitiefor those involved

with the recognition that we're only going to open up our economif we can address testing, testing, testing, contact tracing, and other issues that relate to science and health in addition to the they are so cnnected. so that was two days later on the 9th of april. leader monnell brought to the flo legislation, $250 for nonetheless, w nto dopport, but more, and adjust for those who were underserved by it. this is it. this is all we're going to do and the democts are holding this up. the fact is h was holding up, what just came to the floor and passed, legislation with chuck schumer that was proposed on thl r that day but he rejected our legislation with as much

farend as money recognition. positive and a good use of the time that it too it could have been faster if they accepted then at they accepted now, but we went forward wi another bill. >> woodruff: i want to ask you about that, but ryuickly, we're learning there was taaller-than-expected perc of small businesses who got money from this last piece of legislation. mat of the businesses who it were bigger businesses in great shape. ow do you know that'st going to happen again? >> because we have a $60 billion seta side for thensederbanks, women and minority-owned businesses, indicative american, rural, veterans, just all kinds of businesses that would not be, shall we say, on a first-come-first-serve basis getting these lo that now is different.

and that's thanks to maxine waters a ithe chair of the banking committee and the chair of the small business commitoee who puther this proposal which was today voted unanimously on the floor of the senate. so that is our... we wan to see the data to see how this is working, both wt has happened already and what we're transpiring to go forward toe make sat we are reaching those who are the lifeblood of r economy. small business, all of it. very small, toofor creation of jobs and wealth in our country.> >> alcindowoodruff: so much to k you about, madam speaker. re. going to move quickly he we know democrats wanted money for state and local governments. that's a priority for him in the next legislation. does this mean you're now to be same page? >> we, we have alws had that assurance. they didn't want to do it in this bill, but they would do it in the next bill, and his announcement of course is no

surprise to us because that's what we haveiscussed. we could relent on some of that because we kn this next bill is going to happen very soon. but we're going call it state and local. we call it our heroes bill. this is about our healthcare providers, our police and fire, our e.m.s., those transportation workers, those esential workers who are in many ways risking their own lies to save other lives but are at risk of losing their jobs, and so we want this to be about the our teachers and others who are so essential to our society and our economy. so we're glad to hear that the president said that, but it'so surprise to us because part of moving on from this was to go to the next bill. in the previous bill, we hadil $200on. they had $150. we went with the $150, and then we didn't knohew aboutinterim bill until they called a couple

weeks ago, because we wre prepared to move on with a bigger allocation in the nextbi . >> woodruff: and just confirming, the house vote, we expect that on thursday. anything to say at this point abouproxy voting or tur voting in the house? >> not on that day. on that day we will have a vote by members present and votin as we go forward, though, any change in that would require a les change. that would have to be voted on byhe house of representativ until we can consider, that but har now we don't have that rule change, but we de the urgency of passing this legislation, which we will do in a very strong, bipartisan way. all of our bills have en bipartisan starting with our first one. this will be the fourth now, and then the fifth, the next bill wille the fifth, but first bill that we passed on march 4th was testi, testing, testing. here we are a month and a half

later, and finally in this bill we're having to insist that the administration focus on testing. they have ignored this over the pa weeks, an that has been loss of life and opportunity in r country. wsting, testing, contact trace ing. druff: so n you put a number right now -- i'm sorry to terrupt, but can you put a number now on how much more you expect congress will spend on testing in the next round? >> well, in this round it's $25 billion. we will eed more, and there are scientists who are coming up th estimates as to what it will take for us to be able to test the number of pople in any given day, fa more than the republicans are choosing. the administration has plans for right now. by their own scence, they're saying we can do this many in a day. the ots her scientiid that doesn't even come close to that

one-third of what we ne to do. so hopefully with this bill, which will call for aational only test but to report on the demographics of it, how it is impacting different communities, it's going to be very important. you cannot solve a problem unless you can define it, and you cannot define it until we test, test, test, and then do course the incubof thed of isolation in order to stop the spreadf it and to keep it o of the homes of those who are infected. we know what to do. scienctells us. >> woodruff: madam speaker, a know that yod president trump have had, i think it's fair to say a difficult relationship with one anothern recent months. is it... how much is this impeding the ability of the federal government to address this covid-19 crisis? >> wh iat peding the federal government from addressing the covid-19 crisis is the

president's denial, delay, and all of t. that has been deadly. science, science, science. he has refused. we are insuisting on the , and the president is engaged in a series ofon misrepresenta to the american people. and this is the impediment. i have tried to act in a bipartisan way with three bills that were bipartisan. i had an epiphany on easter that said, we must call out the truth on tis, because we cannot... it's one thing to overlook what happened in the past and be sad about that. it'snother thing to let the misrepresentation continue. and so tat's why i am saying that he's a poor leader. he ignores his own responsibility and assigns blam inead king responsibility, paying attention to science, recognizing the role of governance in all of this to get the job done for th american people. so we've engaged in distractions

on immigration, dstractions like putting people on the street. they are distractions away from the known fact that he's a total failure when it comes to testing. >>ioodruff: something els want to ask you about that, is the money, the billions that you nted states to be able to spend on making sure their eltions this fall, this november are safe. this is something democrats are pushing. leader mcconnell has said this is... this is not a priority for him. he's not going to let it happen. he does hold the uper hand on this, doesn't he? >> new york he doesn't. this is the sllme mcconho came to the floor on april 9th and said, this is ar faz ars we're going to go. 2 democrats are holding this up. we're not going beyond tis. and today he voted unanimously for l e propoat the democrats put forward. no, this is about the lives, the livelihood of the american people and the life of our democracy. and we do... like in wisconsin, you go to the polls.

that's the same as if we were inviting you all to go to mardi s gras. this ingerous. and so at this time in particular, weant people to be able to vote by mail and to be able to get a ballot in the mail, have same-day registration. we have some very sitive initiatives. we have $400 million in the t previous bill er one. now we expect a need to get re. i know republicans who... i was a at the present time y chair. we would win on election day and lose when the republican votes would come in b mail because they were always so much better than wews%u so i don't know why the president said if we vote by mail republicans would never win maybe it's for other reasons, ability and facility to vote by mail. but that's about our nstitution to remove all obstacles to participation so thra our dem can thrive with the fullest participationri

of the an people. let the chips fall where they may. >> woodruff: speaker nancy yopelosi, we want to than very much. >> thank you. thank you so much. my pleasure. >> woodruff: the historic declines in global o prices continued today, with negative effects seen in stock markets around the world. the sharp collapse in oil prices reflects theroader drop in demand all across areas of the economy, as business activity everywhere remains at a near stand-still. for a closer look all this, be a harbinger of trouble tould come in other sectors, we turn to the "new york times" economics report neil irwin, who has been following all these developments closely. so neil, first question, give us

a little bit of background. in oil prices right now?e drop >> so the sim gple stoes like this: we have been through this remarkableeriod over the last two months when all types of oil consumption has collapsed, , rplanes aren't flyipeople aren't driving, use of energy products is way, way down. but for oil production, you can't flip it on and off like a switch. so oil has continuedo be mped from the ground despite the drying up of demand. this means a glut. there'more supply than dand. that's become so extreme that in texas and n big parof north america, we're running out of storage capacity to store all this extra oil, and that's how we ended up with negative prices contract.n monday on he futures >> wdruff: and how much of this, neil, has to do with where this oil is t, whether it's e u.s. or it's in the middle east or someplace else? >> that's a big part of it. so much of the u.s. oil supply h is landlocked to get it on to oil tankers. ngere are oil tankers around the

world just sitn the ocean, you know, holding large amounts of oil to keep it off the market right now. this is a very unusual time. this is a time in which saudi arabia and russia have been producing lots of oil.th have only recently agreed to pull that back. and again, demand is in free-fall. no one is consuming energy at the rates they used to, and so until that corrects itself, until this extra supply can work itheway throughystem, we're going to have extremely low oil prices, maybe not gative, but very lowmbers. >> woodruff: and what does that mean then, neil, for the broader economy? i mean, how much of an effect is it having? we see the economy hurting because of the slowdown evywhere. but how much specifically is this energy sector oil price issue affecting the rest of the global economy? >> so oil is the most economically important commodity in the world, and i think whatg it is tells is something that really applies across all types of commodities an really

all types of things that people buy, which is there is a glut. theris a worldwide collapse of demand, and that means there's all this unused capacity out there in the world. it's true of oil. it's true of agricultural commodity, a lot of corn prices s e down. it's true of thi the service sector, empty restaurant, empty hotels, empty airplanes, runways at major airports are like parking lots with airplanes sitti there not flying anywhe a. thatery unusual situation. it amounts to a global deflatioe ry force. th all this extra capacity sitting out there unused. >> woodruf and in a nutshell, what's it going to take to get this right again? >> the truth is the public health response and getting the a point ere people can back to their usual consumption patterns is the only way to really end this. i think the question is whagot n thrnment do, and that's what speaker pelosi was speaking about to grease the runway, make sure we can get through this periode ithout unrsonal hardship for individuals so we can come out on the other endwh

the public health dimensions are solved and get back to business, return to jo s. thd, there's a lot of scarring happening. there are a lot of people out of work. can you reform those attachmentl qu that's an open question, especially if this goes on a whole lot lonr. >> woodruff: neil irwin, we thank you. always good to have you with ush >>nks, judy. >> woodruff: in the daher news, a bipartisan u.s. senate report reaffirms that russia interfere in the 2016 u.s. election, and will try it again this year. it is the latest in a series of intelligence committee. it backs up the intelligencerk community's and it dismisses president trump's claims that the findings were a hoax. in the 2020 presidential campaign, democrat joe biden's h as reported its best fundraising month yet.

the former vice president's operation says that it took in more than $46 million during march. most of that take came early in the month, before the coronavirus disrupted the economy. president trump still has,ad though, a bintage in fundraising, with more than south korea and chst doubt today on reports that north korea's leader kav jong-un is y ill. the reports saidim had undeone surgery recently. the south korean president's office said there is no sign of anything usual. however, a leading south korean lawmaker said that it is not clear what is happening. >> ( translated ): someone told me kim jong-un had ary for cardiovascular problems. another person tolme he got an ankle surgery. and another told me that he is infected with the coronarus. looking at various circumstances, i believe that there are so unusual signs

regarding kim's health. >> woodruff:he reports surfaced a week after kim missed a key state ceremony and after his sister received a surprise, high-level promotion. in chile, anti-government protests have re-ignited, despite a ban on large gatherings during the pandemic. at least 14 people were arrested late monday as small groups demonstrated in santiago. the protests came in defiance of a curfew. near-daily protests broke out last october, over economic inequali. back in this country, oklahoma ll not be allowed to enf a pandemic, at least for now. a federal judge issued a prelinary injunction last night. abortions with other electivede procedures that are temporarily postponed. and, the scripps nat spelling bee is being canceled, for the first time since world war ii. organizers said today that there

is no safe wayo hold the event ring the pandemic. the competitiohad been for scheduled for earljune, outside of washington, d.c. still to come on the newshour: covid-19 and kidney disee, a deadly complication of the virus. to uganda, where health officials are puttinr knowledge of previous outbreaks to work. the "hunt r a vaccine." medical scientists race to find a cure for coronavus. plus, "scenes of silence." the pandemic brings cities worldwide to a standstill. >> woodruff: even as we learn more about this coronavirus, there are new questions we did not expect, about what else it may be doing to the body.

addition to the respiratory 19distress it causes, covi seems to be linked withr increases me patients in inflammation of the heart and other organ and tissue damage. none of these connections are conclusive. but, william brangham explores one of thonections that has a number of doctors concerned. >> brangham: that's right.an one of thethings that we're learning about this novel coronavirus is the impact that it is having on the s. and for that, i'm joined now by he's at the yale university co-chairs the coviesponse team for the american society of nephrology. dr. kliger, thank you very much for being here. >> thankou. >> brangham: could you tell me, aren you first started to that-- what we think of as a respiratory virus is also damaging kidneys? >> yes. well, some of thearliest reports out of china show that among covid-positive patients admitted to the hospital, as

many as 40% or even 50% had evidence of some damage in the kidney. they had protein in their urine or blood in their urine.d % of them even had some decrease in kidney function. so we knew early on that the kidney was one of the targets. >> brangham: and do we know why the virus impacts the kidneys? >> it's not so clear. but there's been speculation about that. we know, for example, that the rus can attach to kidney cells through a specific receptor in. the kidn these same receptors are in other organs as well, and can damage the kidney directly. we also know that in patients who are very sick, who need to be on ventilators and in intensive care units, that combine the illness in the lung and other organs can sometimesca e a huge inflammatory reaction. and the body releases these things called cytokines and they can in turn damage the kidney. practical implicatat are the if i am someone who is infected

with the coronavirusnd i'm getting quite sick and it starid to damage myys-- what are... what does that mean for me as a-- as a patient? >> yeah, well, first of all, most people who are sick with this disease, never get sick enough to be in the hospital and never get sick enough to have many organs damaged that way. but if you look specifally at patients sick enough to be in the intensive care unit from covid-19, it looks icenters like new york that have a lot of sease, that 30% or 40% of those patients may have evidence of kidney failure. 5ere are even some places that they're as high of those intensive care unit patients who >> brangham: we know that's obviously a huge complication for the individual, but it's also got to put some stress on the i.c.u. that is caring for them, because dialysis, that kidney care is not somethingro that is easicured, right? >> yeah.in

well, it's t centers like detroit or chicagocities like first of all, many more intensive care uni c have had to ated to take care of patients who are so sick. an in those units, the provision of ce like dialysis like continuous replacement therapy, different kinds of dialysis trements that treat dney failure, are very intensive of both equipment ande pers >> brangham: so obviously that means i.c.u. staff have be beefed up, the amount of equipment have to be beefed up, do w is it your sense that there are enough of those individuals and equipment to handle projected surge of cases? >> yeah, well, we know that best from the experience in new york, where last week many hospitals started running short of equipment and be concerned about those staff. you know, many people taking care of patients with kidney, with covid-19 themselves have

been infected. and so often staff are o and ill. and so, what we started hearing from new york was that the need for equipment and dialysis was staff available was sometimesle 70% or 80% of what usually isus . so that combination has made it really critical in some places to bring in more staff and to bring in more equipment. >> brangham: and long-term, do we know what this virus does to the kidneys over the long term, meaning do people heal from this and can they restore traditional normal kidney function? >> it's a good question. and this is early yet and we don't have all the answers to that. what we do know is that there have been patients who have had acute kidney injy from this illness that they've recovered from and where the kidys have been able to go on and do what they've needed to without alysis. but we also know there are some

patientsho still have evidence of kidney failure and need dialysis even after they've been released from the hospital. >> brangham: it's another one of these long-term impacts of this virus we're going toe living with for a very, very long time. of. alan kliger at the yale university schooedicine, thank you very much for your time. >> thank you. >> woodruff: poor health care infrastructure in some african nations is leading to dire warnings from the u.n. about the toll that covid-19 could take throughout the continent. of uganda has onlynfirmednation cases so far. experts say that its experiencei with ps viral outbreaks,ar like ebola andburg viruses, mean it was already prepared to deal with covid-19. special correspondent michael baleke reports from the capital,

kampala. >> r confirmed case of covid-19 landed on a plane from dubai on march 21. more than 100 people were aboard the same flight, and the nation acted swiftly. >> the passenger manifest has been retrieved and all contacts fe known as the passports the travelers were retained at immigration and all the p travelers we under quarantine. >> reporter: viral dease outbreaks are nothing new here. uganda has been in a healthcare ergency since 2018, responding to outbreaks of ebola, yellow fever, measles, and the crimean congo hemorrhagic fever. uganda also successfully contained the deadly marburg virus in 2017, limiting the outbreak to three deaths.

health officials say that gives uganda an advantage over other countries in their fight against covid-19. >> we put in place measures to do surveillance because of the recent ebola outbreak, and this virus is just coming in, so we already had measures of controlling movement in this region. >> reporter: health surveillance teams have been on duty at all border posts, land and air. body temperature scanners were in place at the entebbe international airport a year ago. uganda has also built the capacity to prepare and swiftly test samples of different viral diseases at the uganda virus research institute laboratory. >> as we are running now, we can , do about 520 tests per dt we have the capacity to expand that if we use all the machines and all additional technicians.

>> reporter: despite the relatively few cases, the government is already taking additional precautionary measures. >> it is wise that we temporarily remove these concentration points by closing all the primary and the secondary schools, pre-primary as well as all the universities and tertiary institutions for one month.ep >>ter: the government has issued a ban on public a gatherinplaces of worship, bars, and nightclubs for 30 days. borders, except to cargo planes, trucks and trains. joint security teams of both the military and police are eforcing a 7:00 p.m. curfew acro the country. there have also been reports of refugees entering the country

through illel border points, even though the covid- measures announced by the government suspended new arrivals. >> nobody is allowed tmove back and forth from what we call country of origin to the settlement in uganda, and have directed all our law enforcement officers to make sure that this directive is enforced to the letter. 7 ♪ >> reporter: ugandan legislator and popstar robert kyagulanyi, also known as bobi wine, has released a song to raise awareness of the covid-19 pandemic. the coronavirus poses a major ansk to human life, and this has forced the ugandresident to announce a two-week lockdown of the entire country so thatpe le can stay at home. uganda's 75-year-old president

has so released a video of his home workout routine, in a bid to encourage ugandans to stay odoors. the stay-at-homeer is driving many into a spending spree to stock up on household essentials, and the sh to stockpile has driven up the price of commodities. >> yesterday but one, i bought a kilo of beans at 4,000 yesterday, i came and it was 5,000. so, i don't know what is going on. i don't know what the governnt is saying about it. and we are worried about the aftermath of this situn. >> reporter: the ugandan president has threatened to revoke trading licenses of businesses that ke prices. for pbs newshour, i'm michael baleke in kampala.

>> woodruff: our science correspondent, miles o'brien, has spt the past six weeks in seattle, washington, reporting on the pandemic and making a film for our friends at "frontline," about how things unfolded in the city where u.s.d-19 first landed in the william is back, and he talked with miles in seattle earlier today. >> brangham: miles, very, very good to see you. before we talk about your "frontli" film, which is airing tonight, let's address this public debate that is happening in the country about when to reopen, ho reopen, public health experts, until we get a solid vaccine, we're basically going to be muddling along trying the fight against this veus. wh does the search for a vaccine fit right now?q >> william, it's all scentific hands on deck all over the globe. there are 78 confirmed trials

under way right now looking far vaccine to attack this novel coronavirus. there are a couple techniques that are novel techniques, not quite proven yet, which inolve using d.n.a. and r.n.a., thete genetic al to get the immune stem response that you want inside the human body. the chinese released the genetic sequence of this new coronavirus on january 10th. 63 days later, this trial vaccine was being injected into the first volunteer in on study run by moderna. another company with a simaar idea they're moving as quickly as they can. i spoke with the c.e.o. of innovio, dr. joseph kim. >> we're hopeful we'll have the immune response y the and safety data from all 40 subjects in june, and next step will be a larger phase ii trial that will test actual efficy of the vaccine, meaning how effective

is the vaccine inrotecting a person from an actual infection, and that will involve around 500 to 1,000 volunteers. and we're hopeful that we cn start that trial as early as this summe >> now we and those volunteers will be frontline he providers and first responders. number one, because they are most at risk, but scientifically, they are so exposed to the virus, it gives them a better group of subjects in order to determine one way or another whether these vaccines are working. >> brangham: so let's say we do find a vaccine that does that's one challenge. the next challenge is how do we make the millions and billions n of shoeded to cover the planet. how long would that likely te? >> this is the pat that kind of boggles the mind when you start talking about supplyin. we're talking about seven

billion customers, right? and in the cases of thesevi ses, these vaccines that we're seeing, it's two doses, so we're talking about 14 billion doses of medicine. to imagine producing that in short order is hard torap your brain around. there are people in pie philanthroc realm. bill gates has indicated he might put some of his money into allowing this production to scale up. there are private companies ready to do this. but ultimately it's going to require the government, philanthropy, and private companies working in concert if we're going to ramp up production to meet this need, which after all, there is no bigger nee than the planet. >> brangham: short of getting that vace cine, of course,ve to treat the people who are sickened with covid-19. there's a lot of work on these anti-viralrurgs and other medications. i know that's parted of what's in your "frontline" tonight.

can you tell us more abt that? >> yes, one of the anti-viral, siblesivir, one of the pos treatments for coronavirus, came into play with patient number one here in the puget sound area. a 35-otyear-old manherwise good health, had spent six weeks in theuhan region of chna visiting family in late december and early january. he landed onso u.sil january 15th at sea-tac airport and became sick a few days later. he ends up in and clinic,y the end of january he's in a hospital in everett, providence regional hospital there, and he arts toeteriorate. and this is where we pick up the story with the clinician who was in charge of his care, dr. george diaz. >> patient one was slipping fast, and there was no known treatment. dr. diaz told me he heard about an anti-viral drug called remdesivir that some experts thought could potenally help. it would be an experiment, he said, but the patient was

wiing. >> at that point i contacted the f.d.a.nd gilad, the manufacturer to, see if they would approve it. the f.d.a. gave us an approval to try it on a compassionate use tasis, knowing that it had no been approved yet and that there were no trials available to base that decision on. we infused it the next day. he was still having very high fevers and still was requiring oxygen the day he gave it to him. by the next day his feer was resolved and it stayed gone.uc he felt better. he felt like he had started beating the virus. it was a stunning apparentry recohered potentially to remdesivir. but bear in mind, this was an anecdote, purely a case, one data point in th whole glo. so this had dr. diaz very intrigued, of course, so he almost immediately got invved in some of the clinical trials that are under way on

remdesivir. people who are exposed and dealing with covid-19 disease, and there are multiple trials all around the gobe right no under way, and we don't have any firm data yet, but every we're hearing is optimistic indications, including there was a leaked account that came out of chicago, doctors expressing great optimism that they were having good eficacy with remdesivir beating back this virus and allowg people to recover. it's important not to get too far ahead of these tgs we want to have good science, but ultimately, if there is really strong indications, it's possible they will just stop the trials and start giving this drug to people who are really sick with covid-19. >> brangham: all right, milesie o' we'll be watching the film tonight. thank you very much. >> you're welcome, william.d >> brangham: aa reminder, miles' film, "coronavirus pandemic" airtonight on "frontline" on pbs.

>> woodruff: the president took to the podium again this evening to discuss the latest on a number of fronts. our yamiche alcindor is here to bring us up to speed. so yamiche, the presids mead some news with regard to immigration. >> alcindor: that's right, judy. the president just announced at the white house that he's go to be planning to sign an executive order that would suspend immigration across the united states with some exceptions for 60 days. he said the executive order is still being written as of right now, but eexpects to sign it as early as tomorrow. he said part of this is going to be hlting green cards in people who are trying to come to theas united stateimmigrants and immigrate to the united states permanently. en said people that arering on a temporary basis won't be included in this susssu ension. it's important to note that i've been talking tthoe white house all day, and they say farm workers anpotentially healthcare workers won't be

included in this immigration the president sayis reallycs of him scapegoating americans. they also say this is the president really making it seem as those immigrants are the problem when really coronavirus, the virus itself and testing is really the issue here. the president, though, said he feels he has to do thises bec he wants to protect american workers from getting jobs thatd they are laf and also he said that healthcare, the people that are coming into hospitals, those need to be focused on helping americans, but critics of the president, including some republicans, say this the wrong move. >> woodruff: yamhe, it's an executive order, as you said. does that mean there's recourse on the part of anybody president, whether it's democrats in congress, governors, or someone else? >> well, much like many of th things this president has done both during the coronaviruss outbreakll as prior to this outbreak, this executive challenges, so critics of thel president will likely take him

to court. this could end up even in the we've seen the prnt be take on the court on things like the travel ban, that was ultimately upheld. the president has halted a lot of immigration already. so there are supporters of the president who say, if you're caught trying to get into the unit states or mexico and canada, you're already turned away, so there are some people who say this is reay the president just cementing what already happening in the united states, but there are others who say this is a step forward, a step too far, and that this is, of course, bug into place a 60-day suspension, so this isn't just a small thing. they say this is a bigger step to that. >>oodruff: some are saying wh he's doing is unprecedented. yamiche alcindor following it all at the white house. yamiche, thank you. >> alcindor: thnks so much. f:

>> woodrs much of the world continues to stay inside practicing social distancing, vibrant cities have gone quiet and given us a glimpse of what the world might be like without jeffrey brown has the story,on part of our going series on arts and culture, "canvas." >> brown: times square in new york: on a typical april day, more than 375,000s pedestriss through. t you've been, you know it can feel they're allre at once. but not now-- when the usual bustle is all but gone. nin a normal year, more t 30 million people visit paris, making it the biggest tourist destination the world. today, as the french say, "il n'ya s un chat"-- not a cat in sight. >> ( translated ):hen you live in a tourist-y area, you should expect noise, crowds,

foot traffic. and it's a big city so obvious there are a lot of people. it's pleasant to see paris like this, but we still feel that this is not normal. >> brown: around the world, spaces that have long filled our imaginations are mostly empty, largely silent. as the poet gerard manley hopkins wrote, "all things counter, original, spare, strange." even amid so much sickness and horror, a strange beauty. >> despite the horble reasons that this is happening, i think that there's a lot of gifts to stop at the same time.tire world >> brown: sacred spaces: in st. peter's square, pope francis was a solitary figure as he delivered a special blessing to the world.of normally filled wilim

pilgrams-- this year, saudi authorities suspended th pilgrimage completely. places of romance: rio de janro's famed beaches, usually jam-packed-- now closed by the local government, patrolled by police. and the other-worldly light and magic of venice: its canals mostldevoid of activity. gondolas and ferries rocking gently. one result? the water is now more clear. it's true elsewhere as well. one silver lining to the upheaval: cleaner places, cleaner air. pollution levels dropped so much over wuhan, china during its months-long lockdown, the change was visible in satellite images. a similar story in milan, italy: a marked decline in air pollution in march compared to

los angeles has seen its longest period of "good" air quality in 25 years. ( birds chirping ) in fact, there may be something else in the air: a new song. scientists are studying icw the pands impacting birds. >> we literally have a worldwide experiment underway.tu there are ly a number of thudies, both in the u.s. and europe, that sho birds do respond to human ae hropogenic no reducing their own songs-- in some cases, actually changing the frequency of their songs. d so it's a safe bet that in the much-reduced noise sphere that they're eeriencing right now, they're probably out there filling it up little bit more than they would have otherwise. >> brown: and arou the world, ereports of other wildlif reclaiming now-empty spaces. in southern india, a herd of elephants took over a road

usually filled with traffic. in thailand, aob of monkeys brawled over food. with hardly any tourists to feed them, the monkeys are going hungry. and near barcelona, spain, wild boar descended from the hills and grazed in hedges that divide the boulevards. sights and sounds rarely, if ever, experienced. "all things counter," as the sppoet said, "originale, strange." for the pbs newshour, i'mje rey brown. >> woodruff: wouldn't it be wonderful if something tood came out s. and that is the newshouror tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us online, and again right here tomorrow evening.

for all of us at tth pbs newshourk you, please stay sa, and we'll see you soon. f >> major funding the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> life isn't a straight line, and sometimes you can find yourself heading in a new direction. fidelity is here to help you work through the unexpected,th inancial planning and advice for today, and tomorrow. >> financial services firm raymond james. bnsf railway. >> consumer cellular. >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security. at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals. >> this program was made

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hello, everyone. d welcome to amanpour & co. here's what's coming up. >>his gate has been shut down long enough. are coronavir drowning out heah policy? amidst protests, i speak to chri murphy. then the british government under fear for failing to act quickly enough. the former health men sister anna soubry joinse me. >>ve to inthe 57 in the future of our kids. >> out of school and struggling education secreta john king jr. tells about the crisis facing children, and more men continue to die from corona best selling