captioning sponsored by ll newshour productions, c >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy wdruff. on the newshour tonight: deaths in the u.s. top 45,000, as new evidence suggests a fferent timeline from the virus-- when we think it started and where it goes from here. then, covid-19 and mental health. what you need to know about the paemic's effect onlo psychocal and emotional well-being.hi plus, on ts 50th anniversary naturalist jane gol on how relationship with the planet. >> we are all interconnected. and if we don't get esson from this-- this pandemic, then maybe we never will. >> woodrf: all that and more, on tonight's pbs newshour.

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clearly into focus tonight, as we learn it started before anyone knew. ths revelation comes as dea in the u.s. have now passed 46,000, and as a top federal expert on vaccines says that he was forced out of his job. li coverage.ns begins our >> desjardins: new information indicates the san jose,li rnia area may have beenvi where 19 initially appeared in this country. health officials in santa clara county have now linked at least two deaths from early to mid- february to the virus-- well before what had been the rliest confirmed deaths in washington state on february 29. >> what these deaths tell us that we had community transmission, probably to a gnificant degree, far earlier than we had known. >> desjardins: amid questions about the origins of the pandemic, governors in a handful of other stateare preparing to re-open. by the end of this week, georgia

governor brian kemp has ordered some businesses can en, including hair and nail salons but, on nbc's "today" program, atlanta's mayor criticized the move. >> to lift these restrictions while our numbers are still rising just seems illogical to me. >> desjardins: u.s. health t officials streting is key for determining when the time is right to re-start parts of the economy. new york governor andrew cuomo rsay f torsa a s hod iis massive testing and tracing operatn. >> we have to put together a tracing army. but, it all has to be coordinated. there is no tracing that can work within one jurisdiction. >> desjardin and, back in california, governor gavin newsom laid out his state' ans to do the same. >> we are significantly increasing the sites of availability. the same time, we are increasing capacity with the

existing sysndm. there are ds and hundreds of testing sites in the state of california, well in eess of 600. >> desjardins: in washington, at an earth day event, president trump said closed naonal parksul begin to reopen as states are ready. he also moved ahead today with an immigration executive order he says protects american workers. dae measure pauses issuance of reen cards for 6. thus, it affects only those seeking permanent residency, not temporary workers. this as the trump administration face add new charge, the doctor who formerly ledco thevid vaccine effort at the department of health andepartmentof healths today said he was out of the job for political reasons. dr. rick bright said he was sidelined because he wouldn't by president trumpse theretouted was not enough evidence they worked.ol

on capill, the house of representatives is starting to return, with party leaders like republican kevin mccarthy preparing for votes tomorrow on the latest recery funding and on whether the house can vote by proxy in the future. at the state department, secretary of state me pompeo renewed the administration's criticism of how china and the world health organization have handled the pandic. >> we strongly believe that the chinese communist party did not report the outbreak of the newvi coros in a timely fashion to the world health tiniorza regulatory arm clearly failed during this pandemic. >> desjardins: in geneva, switzerland, officials at the w.h.o. defended the timing of s initial emergency declaration. its director-general also said new infections are now increasing in eastern europe and africa. a make no mistake, we hav long way to go. this virus wl be with us for a long time. >> desjardins: that waing comes as restrictions in more of western europe are easing.in erlin, germany today, some shops reopened, while taking steps for safety. >> ( translated ): now there is

life here again. the city, especially the center, needs life. >> desjardins: there is a sign of hope in hard-hit spain. a makeshift morgue at an ice rink in madrid has now closed, as deaths have plateaued. for the pbs newshour, i'm lisa desjardins. >> woodruff: even as some states are preparing for limited reopenings in the coming days, there are new warnings about a potential second wave of infection and illness later in the year. and, there a new findings about how the viruwas spreading in the country earlier than we realized. john yang looks at these new developments, and their significance. >> yang: judy, officials in santa clara county in northern california now say two residents there died of coronavirus in early and mid-february-- weeksha before whabeen believed to be the first u.s. fatalities. dr. tom frieden is a former director of the centers for disease control and prevention. he's now c.e.o. of resolve to

save lives, an initiative to prent epidemics and heart disease. dr. frieden joins us by skype from new york. thk you, very much for being with us, dr. frieden. these two cases in february in santa clara county, officials say they have no indicatione thople traveled, so apparently it was contracted at are the implications anthe se earlier casd es? >> what we're learning is widespread the infection has been. it's a web ofec infon that we're seeing throughout many states of the u.s., and were learning more each day. we're learning, for emple, from the genetic fingerprint and d iaspfo oinotisf tsthusead. vw >> reporter: does this have any implication or tell anything about where we are now and perhaps any suggestions about how we should be moving

rward? >> one of the things that's clear is that this is a highly infectious virus and that many people n't show symptths. makes it even harder to control, but still possible. c there's a lot do to be safer, and the more we do now, the sooner and more safely we can come out. that means boxinit in, doing the testing, isolation, contact tracing, and quarantine that box to get the virus in smaller and smaller clusters and cases so that we can come ot more safely. the longer we wait to do that, the longer we'll have to say inside or the more risky it will be tgo out again. >> rereporter: theas been so much talk about testing but you also talk about conct trang, tracing the contact of the people who have the virus. talk about that. is that, inme cases or in some elements, is that as important, more important as broade testing?

>> all four aspects -- testing,a isolation, c tracing, quarantine -- that box, they're all essential. if any coner of that box is weak, the virus can get out. contact tracing is a tried an it mtre talking with them, earning and gaining and maintaining their trust, helping them rewhembe they may have exposed, helping them find the contact information of those people, an then warning those people that they may have been exposed, and then connecting with those people for every day throughout their quarantine to see they're feeling okay, if they're not to get them tested, if ey are, to reassure them till they finish their quarantine. it's old-fashioned public health but it works. it's hard work, but it's how we can return to aew noasrma soon and safely as possible. >> reporter: it's hard work and also lasibor int. is that right? >> iis. while there may be some newer technolot tgim

athn ink tweke'r ae going to gee place where you can just look at your phone and figure out who you might have expos who might have given you an exposure to the virus. that's an a.teresting ide it's unproven, scary, butt what we do know is that talking tode pele, tanding who they may have been in touch with and then using that informati to warn people who have beend, expothat's works. it works for tuberculosis, sexually transmitted infections, public health. it's done every day of the year throughout the u.s. it takes excellent people skills and the ability to understand the medical aspects of the situation, confidentiality, crisis counseling, referral for further services. it's a skill, a spe skill.ed >> reporter: how concerned are you about what's being called the second wavhae, per this winter, especially if it were to coincide with the seasonal flu?

>> anytime we come back out again, we are at risk of seeing a resurgence of covid disease. even new york city, where we've had a terrible epidemic with more than 15,000 people killed, that's as many as were killed in a whole year of thereat influenza pandemic of 1918.r this is the wst health that soin, most new yorkers aren't immune, haven't been infected, and it could get much worse. that means we need to loon the faucet on physical distancing gradually. eed to do it in stages because, when you loose once, it may be three or four weeks before you see the spread of the disease from that loosening if if you do it in a faster pace, you could have a roaring infection that rages through society, that kills uople in youring homes, that ,ndangers healthcare worke and that's very hard to reverse.

sith not unfortunately a s question of cond wave, it's a question of multiple wavesi that we're atk for if we don't emerge from our sheltering in place very carefully, bladually, protecting those who are most vulne using hand sanitizer, using other ways to physically distance so we reduce the risk. >> reporter: dr. tom frieden, thank you very much. >> thank you. >> woodruff: in the day's other news, wall street steadied, as oil prices halted their plunge and recovered a little. the dow jones industrial average gained 457 points to close at 23,475. the nasdaq rose 232 points, and the s&p 500 added 62. president trump says that he is putting iran on notice, to stay

away from u.s. ships in the last week, the u.s. navy said that iranian vessels repeatedly darted close to americanhi warsps, while they were in international waters. today, the president tweeted that he's ordered the navy to "shoot down and destroy any and all anian gunboats if they a harass our shisea." pentagon officials said the tweet reinforces existing rules. meanwhile, iran's revolutionary guard launched its first military satellite today. the guard said the satellite was fired into orbit frosert base. but in washington, u.s. secretary of state mike pompeo condemned the act. >> one of the things they've said is that, boy, we need resources in order to take care of the virus at home. and all the while, they are launching satellites, driving ships around the gulf harassing u.s. naval vessels, contuing to underwrite shia militias and working to support hezbollah.loo

oo developing nucle-tipped ballistic missiles. iran denies that it wants nuclear weapons. back in this country, a federal appeals court today permitted arkansas to ban most surgical he pandemic.ring that reversed a lower court's ruling. texas has also been allowed to enforce abortion curbs related to covid-19, but courts havesi blockelar bans in three other states. former vice presidt joe biden won the backing of another democratic vice president today. al gore said that supportingsi biden over pnt trump was "not rocket science." gore is now a leading climate activist.n bis also endorsed by one-time rival jay inslee, the governor of washington state. and, today was the 50th anniversary of earth day, and it came as covid-19 wns

have suddenly cleared mu of the air and water. in paris, for example, before and after images iustrate how air pollution is improved 50% from the previous five years the same is true in new delhinu and a mber of other cities around the world. still to come on t newshour:ho covid-19 is escalating global hunger. on the front lines with the medical workers who are battling the pandemic. the tensions behind china delivering shipments of masks around the globe. plus, legendary scientist jane goodall on covid-19 and the natural world. >> woodruff: this week, the united nations world food program warned that as a result of the coronavirus, the number

of people facing food crisis around the world could double, to 265 million people.r w the developing world is many places from the effects of climate change and conflict--vi i'm joined by beasley, executive director of the world food program. david beasley, welcome back to the "newshou, . first of au came down with covid 19 some weeks ago, and you have been q.uarantin how are you doing now? >> well, i'll tell you, judy, fortunaty, i didn't get an extreme case where i had to go to the hospital, but it just lingered for literally about two and a half, three weeks, had a little fever, a little ache and pains, but i cycled through it. i am so much better, and i'm grateful to talking with you toy. glad to hear that. we're very you were saying this hek to te united nations, to anybody who

diehl deals with this terribled health crisis, at the very same time, the's another crisis having to do with food. >> well, before covid came on the sc lenterally in the last six months, i had been telling leaders around the world, and especially in europe, that wed perfect storm coming. we literally were going to see 2020 being the worst humanitarian crisis year sincebe world war iiause of yemen, syria and south sudan, theio deterioratn of the sahail, climate ex extremes, and youl can't imagine e things together, then desert locust came, and i'm je,st, likhis is cerebral terrible.id and then cov we couldn't believe it. we were already calculating 135 million people around the world, before covid, marking for the brink of starvation. now with covid, we're loo

talking about hungry, i'm talking about marching toward starvation, and that is a catastrophe in itself. a number that i think is almost impossible for us to comprehend that that many people could be that close toa strving. david beasley, how ha covid complicated your work? clearly, the numbers a potentially bigger, but how has it changed the work that you have to do? >> judy, itompounded the problems in so many different ways economically, but more s in this stage in terms of supply chain. if we can move fod, move commodities, move supplies, then, obviously, even if we havi mone we can't get the food to the people -- you know, you can't go two weeks without food, tha's just the rety of life. so, out of the 135 milion people that we were saying on the the brink of starvation, we ed about 100 million. out of those, 30 million depend

on us 100%. if we don't have access to thatm lion, we literally could see 300,000 people die per day ov a 90-day per >> woodruff: can you get it done, david beasley? i mean, when you think about the magnitude of what you're facing and the constraints now on these cotries that you cnt on to give you money, can you actually get it done? >> we can, and that's one thing i love about the world foode, prograiterally, when a lot of other organizations are having to leave cou actually step in, in emergency operations, we know what we're doing. 97% of our people in the eld are still in the field doing what they do best. we have the money and the supply chain, we can keep people alivbu right now it's not covid versus hunger, we've got to wor together on tho issues because they are tied together. it transcends borders, it transcends cultures, and it certainly transcends politic >> woodruff: tell us just

briefly about a place like yemen racked by war for years, and now at's a country that is -- we can't even imagine what they are facing. can the world food programme make a difference there? >> yemen is the disaster in so many ways. a nation of about 29 million people ravaged by war. the healthcare system is just deplorable. the economy was terrible before the war started.or one of the pt countries on earth. population of 29 million people, of which we feed about 12.5 million people, and that ans about 16.5 million people get their food otherwise. so, if covid hits yemen, it will not onbely estroying our supply chain, but the healthcare system and the immunity system a vair fragile society, i can't imagine it being anything but just catastrophi>> oodruff: and on the continent, a place like the continent of africa where you have so many countries that esn't have theaea hlth -- i'm so

the food challehow are you there? to change what you do >> well, we are working with leaders right now and maintaining supply c in terms of moving the supplies, making certain thathe food can get from the fields to the market to the consumer and doing everything we possibly can there. we're trying to uniquely assess the initial hot spot that we will have, you know, when countries like south sudan who are losing their revenue an will lose their remittances, and the list goes on, and, so, we're analyzing out every country to make sure we're doing whatever we possibly can.yo but with ever focused ont covid righ now, desert locust is devastating kenya, somalia, south sudan and ethiopia. so we're dealing with seval alpls nee at'oay. but our teams are up for it.

we work in war sns, we work in ebola, we know what we're doing. if we have the resources and we get the dynamics out of our way so t can do what we dost, we ca. what to you say to americans who say we know the need is great out there, but right now we've got 22 million americans just in e last month who filed for unemployment, we've got amost 800,000 people who have come down with covid 19 in this country. it can't be a priority for us. what do you say to them? >> just like this role, the funding, when i arrived, was 1.9 billion. with the trump administration and the republicans and the democrats te the united sta congress, you know, judy, they seem like they're fighting over everything, but en it comes to food security and helping the most vulnerable people ll the world,f them have come together and our funding went up to 3.4 billion, and the united states has not been backing down. be strong, because when the

united states is strong, it helps us help other people. >> woodruff: atrong message. david beasley, the executive director of the world food programme. thank you so much, and we're glad to se you feeling better. >> thank you, judy. always good to see you. >> woodruff: the number of hospitalizatioat in new york has slowed, a pattern that has been consistent for more than a wk. but, to give you some perspective, me than 15,000 people in the state have died from covid-related complications. in new york city alone, 35,000 people are estimated to be william brangham gets a frontline dispatchrom a group assisting the hospitals there. or brangham: the international medical corps isng right now in new york city, the epicenter of america's outbreak. rsey're bringing in vont from across the country to helpt

four diffeospitals-- to help support the people whoy9 ts.ien international medirps, and she joins me now from the javits center in new york. susan, thank you very, very much for being here. could you just start off by telling us-- you're seeing, in new york city-- most of our viers are elsewhere in the country, watching what's going on in new york. could you give us a senseyo broadly of whave been seeing over the last weeks, the last month or so? >> when we arrived on april 2,ll it was rat the peak of the storm here.d i've ser disasters for international medical corps across the wor, and i've never en anything like this in the united states. it was truly unprece. the hospitals were completely erwhelmed. staff was-- was basically in shock, and traumatized from having to make some choices that inwe're not accustomed to he united states,nd simply thehs

number of of patients dying alone. luckily, things are slightly improved this week, but still quite devastating. the system is in a state of shock.>> rangham: as you alluded to, the international medical corps normally responds to wars, conflicts, disasters in other nations. do you ever stop for a moment and just sit back and think,'r doing this here in the middle of new york city? >> yes, all the time. it's... it'surreal. seeing and witnessing and hospital emergency departments the stress that the system was under. it's something that, again, you're kind of not-- we're just not accustomed to this in the united states. s you're used ing that perhaps in resource-poor regions or regions that have been devastated from natural disasters or work conflicter areas, butinly not here in

our own country. >> brangham: are there lessonse that youarned from doing humanitarian work of this sort in other nations, that are applicable here? >> absolutely. we've done this both in disaster response, and infectious disease outbreak from ebola to cholera. we know how to set up quickly. we know how to bring in the people that are accu to dealing withrauma verydl ra and we know and we have support from wonderful partner organizations that allow us to do what we do and bring in the relief where is needed most. >> brangham: you're obviously there to help backstop the n ontline health care workers that are workingese hospitals, and provide relief and sort of rotate in when they need it. how are those people doing, from your experience? >> so, i'll tell you from both perspectives. we've-- we've done a number of things here. we've brought in emergency field shelters for them, to use that surge capacity. we've brought in supplies and

p.p.e. but most important, we've brought in medical staff to help relieve those overburdened staff workers. some facilities were down 25% of patients because-- or rather, of staff, because they were covid- positive and sick. and those that were there, were working very long shifts and in hospitals had to adapt to. >> brangham: you're standing there in the javits center, which we know was an overflow big convention center, now turned into an overflow hospital. been seeing some reports that new york state and new york city might be bending its curve a little bit, and seeing some plateauing of cases.yo has that bee experience thus far? >> yes, certainly in the emergency departmentnumber ov admissions are down. that is helping e some relief and to decompress a little bit. however, if you look at the number of patients still in thre intensive canit, and the acuity level of those patients, they're still at capacity, if

not over. beginning to decompress some. so there is a little sense of relief here in the health care system. they're-- they're ve trepidatious about bking off because the concern is, what ifk it-- what if iockets again? we certainly do not want to see what happened the first ti around, happen again. and i don't think it will. i think one of the biggest lessons for all of us is that, you know, preparednesss really important. >> brangham: all right, susan mangicaro from the international medical corps, thank you very, very much, and thank you for all the work you're doing. >> thank you so much. dr >> wf: today, secretary of state mike pompeo accused china of a coverring the early esys of the outbreak, the latest in a rhetorical re

campaign on china throughout this crisis. china has pushed back, launchini an infor war that has highly publicized oftheories and medical equipment to other countries, including the united states. nick schifrin reports on the battle to control the narrative, and the blame, for covid-19. >> schifri in the european epicenter of the covid-19 outbreak, the cavalry was chinese. this is chinese television, showing chinese doctors and chinese medical equipment, arriving in lombardy, in hard- hit northern italy. >> ( translated ): the donations from china are what we urgently need, ich can save many lives. i thank the chinese people. thank you. government says it has exported more than three billion masks, three million test kits, including to the philippines. nigeria held a press conference to show off its chinese aid. and venezuela showcased its

chinese arrival on state tv on march 28. by that time, china was past its peak, and was trying to help countries in the middle of their peaks, said one of chinese state television's top international anchors, zou yue. ha it is time to think in the framework of a sred human community. s ifrin: but shared community did not mean free. italy had to buy chinese donated supplieso china. spain's prime minster announced publicly the chinese tests ide received werctive. the u.k. admitted chinese tests it received d not work. and the u.s. called china's mask diplomacy an effort to mask state mike pompeo atedary of today. >> china didn't share all of the informatioit had. instead, it covered up how dangerous the disease is. it didn't report sustained human-to-human transmission for a month, until it was in every province inside of china.

the u.s. accuses china of a pattern of deception, beginning in december, when wuhan's central hospital doctors realized the pneumonia they'd been treating wasn't normal. they shared the information with their relatis, their friends. they were asked to shut up. >> schifrin: yzhong huang is the council on foreign relations' senior fellow for global hh.ea health care workers already got infected, and that was a smoking gun, evidence suggesting human- to-human transmission. s >> schifrin: dr. ai fen e director of emergency medicine. on december 30, she told her medical school classmates she'd been treating a new coronavirus with apparent human-to-human transmission.ho but thital rebuked her. on december 31, the city alarm, releasing acsmothered her notice, "the investigation so far has found no obvious person- to-person transmission." and, on new year's day, the local government ordered early virus samples destroyed, and

"nounced that "rumors had spread about pneumonia, "causing adverssocial impact." they detained the eight doctors whom dr. ai had ld-- including dr. li wenliang, who would later become the symbol of china's crackdown. dr. ai said she went home terrified, and told her husban"g if somethis wrong, you can raise our child." why did local authorities apparently feel like they weren't supposed to share all on thrmation that they were gathering? >> i think this has something to do with the political structure. and so, when you have a centralized, you know, that when the top leaders, making all the major decisiont they essentially deny their local governme officials any incentives to make any initiatives. >> schifrin: wuhan's mayor zhou xianwang admitted he wasn't allowed to speak openly about the outbreak. >> ( translated ): as the local

government, i can only release the information when i'm authorized to do so. >> schifrin: loc cse governments have been accused of hiding fatality figures before,u t since president xi jinping took per, beijing's grip on local governments has tited, says hng >> since 2012, we found that political power has been rapidly centralized to a level that further suppresses, or stifles, the initiatives taking place at the local level. >> schifrin: dr. li, one of the first medical workers who knew about man-to-human transmission, blew the whistle, warning other doctors about covid-19. and on februar7, after treating covid-19 patients, dr. li died. the outpouring of sympathy, and anger at authorities who'd silenced him, erupted. authorits acted quickly. citizen journalists who exposed on social media the slow initial

response were arrest. by march 5, when a senior official visited wuhan, residents shouted out their windows, "everything is fake." and then came the disinformation. on march 12, china deputy foreign ministry spokesman zhao lijian wrote on twitter," it might be u.s. army who brought the epidemic to wuhan." the suggestion was repeated on inese tv's arabic. >> ( translbeed ): do you eve a story that the new coronavirus is made by the u.s.a.? d >> aft li wenliang's death, you know, there was this strong pressure, a demand fong meaningful con the if you look at theme of this disinformation effort, it does actually distract t domestic attention from makingli change on the cal front. >> it could have been stopped. it could have been stopped. >> schifrin: prede trump,

who had praised president xi's and china's response in january, responded to the u. army claim by naming and shaming. >> why do you keep calling this the chinese virus? >>t comes from... china. china. that's why. >> schifrin: one week later trump declared a ceasefire, and spoke to xi jinping. that's when china's ministry of foreign affairs, and chinese media, replaced disiormation with deflection. >> president donald trump and his team were not helpful. their problem is a lack of serious commitment. and most unfortunately, he failed to communicate the gravity of the problem to the nation, when he still had time to brace for impact. >> schifrin: for the chine looking to criticize the u.s., there was ample material. >> fema says, "we're sending 400 ventilators." what am i going to do with 400wh ventilator i need 30,000? you pick the 26,000 people who are going to die because you only sent 400 ventilators! >> schifrin: both sides blame

each other, and portray this moment as a fundamental test of fundamentally different governance. >> when i saw governor of new york begging the federal government to step in to get what a difference different systems can make. >>eschifrin: what do autocra do in the face of crisis? they bece more aggressive. they deny people their rights, they lie more. in the end, th do enormous harm to the people of their own nation, and put the rest of the world at risk as well.ch >>rin: senior u.s. officials tell pbs newshour china is blocking some medical supplies the.s. bought from leaving china. and, china is still refusing to share the orinal virus from early covid-19 victims-- them very victims w. ai fen and dr. li wenliang was trying to save. for the pbs newshour, i'm nick schifrin.

>> woodruff: that brings us to "ask us," where we take ur questions on the coronavirus to experts who can help make sense of these challenging times. we have had an incredible response across our website andi ous social media platforms: twitter, instagram and facebook. for the record, facebook itha funder onewshour. amna nawaz has more. >> nawaz: thanks, judy.an and to all of you for sending us your questions. this week, we're focusing on your concerns about mental health. and from the responses we got, it's clear it's an issue that's hitting home for many w. you right so, to answer your queions, we're joined by dr. suvarma. she's clinical assistant professor of psychiatrat new york university.d welcome anks for being here, dr. varma. y >> tha for having me. >> nawaz: so let's jump right into the questions. our first one comes from sherry williams in columbus, ohio. here.ent us a video onebook >> oftentimes, i'm laying awake at night with my mind racing,

thinking abo anything from, if i'm going to lose my job, to my finances, wondering if myself or someone in my family is going to catch coronavirus. are there any tips for dealing with insomnia during these times? >> nawaz: dr. varma, that stress and anxiety of the time can lead to insomnia. what do you say to sherry? >> sherry, first of all, you're not alone. we know that a lot of people are that you're touching upon, andgs some of which is anxiety during the day. t and, gs-- there are a lot of people who say that they're not even feeling anxious or not even noticing their anxiety during the day, and it's only manifesting in the form of sleep sturbances like insomnia so, one thing i want to say is, good sleep hygiene for me begins during the day. it's not just at night. and part of this means if you're able to get any exposure to daytime sunlight, this would be huge. the melatonin, which is as down hormone that helps you sleep at night. it shuts it down during thesa daytime an, hey, it's time for us to stay awake. ten or 15 minutes in the morning

for a brisk walk would help. and in general, getting it at a quick exercise movement. again, 15 to 20 minutes. and i'm a big fan of addressing our rries. a lot of what you're talking about is what we're thinking, what we call catastrophizing-- thinking about the worst-case scenario. ask yourself, what is the best-case scenario? what is the most likely scenario? and keepina worry diary, which is basically five minutes a day of writing everything that you're worried about. and what help is that over time? weheee that 85% of the time, ings that we worried about don't actually happen. and the 15% of the time that they do, we're actuallab to better handle it than we think that we are. but, you're not alone.ic to a routine, daytime, nighttime, wake up the same time as much as possible. >> nawaz: sherry, we wish you good sleep out there. let's move now to another question, from sandy gavilanes. she's from chicago. she also sent us a question on facebook. and here's what she wrote. she says, "i have a four-year- old son. how do we explain covid-19 to him without causing more worry and more stress, especially when he is so young?"o dr. varma, howu talk to young kids about this time that even adults are trying to make

sense of? >> absolutely. and it really depends on the age, the developmental stage,mu ho information they can handle. but, generally speaking, when it whats to a four-year-old they really need is reassurance going to be okay.thing is and keep things extremely simple. you can say, "some people are getting sick out there. a some of th getting better. we're here to help. what are your specific questions?"ma antaining a routine as much as possible, keeping them fun with them.ing able to have and also, watching and managing their own stress levels. we know that children very much experience contagion, stress, .ntagion from their paren try to get ten or 15 minutes for deep breathing for meditation, using an app for s yourselfo that you can be there to be able to provide thnc calm, reassuguidance that your children need. but when it comes to four-year- olds, please just keep it ve simple. >> nawaz: great advice we can all use. i know i'm taking personal notes on all of that let's move now to another video question. this one is from sherry fachey, from rochester, illinois. here's the thing to know abouter

, dr. varma, she's been a teacher for 43 years. she reached out on facebook. here is sherry now.tl >> rec i've embraced online learning. i still miss t students. our governor announced that the students and teachers will not reconvene th year, and i retire at the end of the year. i never imagined going out this way. it's really so sad, and i'm grieving. i imagine there are others in similar situations. do you have any advice for us?>> awaz: it's a big change of life. go ahead, well, what do you have to say to sherry. >> i'm going to say, ff all, bless you, bless your heart. you are the lifeblood of this try, and thank you for teaching and educating our children. as a parent who is doing that doing double duty is not easy. and i would say, celebrate what you have accomplished.is and an be in the form of phone calls, letters. ask people to-- let people knowl how you and if you have access to zoom or skype or facetime, have a virtual send off party, ati ment party. and hey, when things get better, because i absolutely believe that they will, you will have to--ave your chance to see

people face-to-face. but now, a them to express their sentiments by writing, their phone calls. >> nawaz: and we hope she can have that celebrion some day soon. thank you to sherry. one last question now, coming to us from facebook. dr. varma, this one comes to us from miriam saifi. she writes in about a personal trauma, and she writesa survivor of female genital mutilation, emotional well-being is a top priority. this pandemic is a mixed blessing. the solitude allows for reflection, but can also be deeply isolating. how can i best handle the ups and downs of social distancing?" what do you say to her, dr. varma? >> i wou say, first and foremost, that, you know, i have so much admiration for the courage that she has to be able talk about this. so, don't forget that we're talking about somebody who's extremely resilient. and when it comes to resiliency, there's certain hallmarks that we look for-- optimism, sense of humor, social support, altruism. think of ways that you can i think it's really important to recognize that we are all even if you're used to being a leader, give yourself a break, take naps, take rest, and

support yourself and your priorities. >> nawaz: it's such an importanr message: wall in this together. dr. sue varma, thanks so much for being with us and taking these questions. >> thank you so muchaving me. >> nawaz: and thanks to all of you for your questions. you can send us more via news hours, twitter, facebook and instagram accounts or on our website. that's www.pbs.org/newshour. >> woodruff: the daily briefings at the white house do continue, but tonight, there is new information on a key firing,dl allepitting science against politics. our yamiche alcindor ihere with the latest. yamiche, we did report earlier that a man who was woking for the government in the vaccine division of th institutes of health, working on

a coronavirus response, says he's been retaliated against. whatore are we learning about this? >> that's right, judy, dr. rick ight says he was abruptly dismissed from the agency within the department of health and human services. he said he was pushing for b scientifed studies, he said he wanted treatments that would be vetted thoroughly, ad not just the ones president trump liked like the antimalaria drug the president was encouraging americans to talk -- take. he said he was removed and they are gettinready toie a whistleblower complaint hecht said he was retaliated against.o this dis making a lot of noise saying he's been treated unfairly by trump administration. >> woodruff: yamiche, as looking for information from the president on how the administtion is managing this crisis. what more are you learning tonight? >> reporter: well, two big things happed at the briefing

that's still going on. the first is the dirvetor to he c.d.c. came out to push back on a headline in "the washington post"hat said that the second wave of the coronavirus could be more devastating. heaid that he was quoted accurately but it was the same way you could see the president was essentially marching him out for reporting and the only issue they had is instead of "devastating" they said the word should be "difficult." the president has come out firmly against the governor of georgia. he said he does not agree with the georgia governor opening up business including salons and barber shops. he said he specifically spoke to the governor and sahe strongly disagreed but at the same time said h governor has to do what he thinks is right. woodruff: that is so interesting, yamiche, given the republicvernor of georgia, brian kemp. and just quickly,amiche, when dr. redfield who is the head of the c.d.c. mae this

clarification toay, where was it finallyf let? >> reporter: you said where was he -- >> woodruff: how did hi finally explain what happened? you said he changed from devastating to difficult. is that pretty muh where it's left? >> yes, that's where it's left. he tookssue with one word in the headline. he said all the reporting with accurate, but even though he was pushing back on the "t washington post," devastating versus difficult, the situation is the virus could still kill a lot of people and the director of the c.d.c. stood by te statement. the president said he doesn't deink it's going to happen but hasn't shown eve of that. the he'll officials said the second wave to have coronavirus could be just asdl deaif not more, even though dr. fauci sai. th might be more prepared the second time around, so the president, though, is pushing back and saying maybe this won't

happen, which as i said there's no evidence there won't be a seco wave. >> woodruff: so much attention focused on all of this. yamichalcindor, thank you ver much. >> reporter: thanks, judy. day, one like no other-- wwanth to marthis moment with jane goodall, one of the world's most renowned scientists and environmentalists. a new national geographic documentary explores her lifeng and work, teacenerations how interconnected we are with the nareral world. jebrown spoke with goodall from her home in bournemouth, england abouthe pandemic, and her life's work. it's part of our ongois and culturseries, "canvas." >> brown: for decades, jane goodall has traveled the world as a non-stop advocate for the conservation of animals and the

earth. now, like the rest of us, she's confined to her home. but, she says: >> i've never worked harder in my life, because, you know, it's the 60th anniversary of the research at gombe, and we were going to be celebrating all year. we were just in the perfect... situation for good fundraising, and then everything stops. so, i'm trying to keep up the momentum. >> brown: her work now is virtual, and as always, even at 86, virtually non-stop. as we see in the film, it all began in 1960 when a young degree went to what is now gombe stream national park in chimpanzees in a new way.d study >> it's absolutely so vivid. it was a time when the chimpanzees were like part of my and, the striking was how like us they actually are. when i got to cambridge, because

louis leakey said i had to get a degree, i was told i'd done that i shouldn't have given the chimps names, they should have d numbers. i couldn't talk about personality, mind or emotion. those were unique to us, i was told. but i'd been taught by my dog, rusty, who always sits near me. and there's never been a dog quite like him. look at that! brown: look at rusty and look at a young jane goodall. >> look at us side by side! of course animals have personalities, minds and emotions! and now science has been forced to accept, we're not after all, the only beings with those attributes. >> brown: changing minds and practices hasn't always been easy, but she's gotten results. goodall campaigned against using

for medical research. animals she's also been a leading voice against animal trafficking and and, she sees a disregard for nature and disrespect for animals behind today's global pande ic. while act origins of covid-19 are being examined and debated, evidence a'ints to chinso-called wet markets, where live animals and mt are sold. this is a virus that jumped froh animals s. >> we are all interconnected. esand if we don't get thatn from this-- this pandemic, then maybe we never will. >> brown: how does that force the lesson on us? >> well, it should for a lesson on us because it's our interactions with animals an the environment, all of it, that has led to the virus being able to leap over from some kind of animal into us, as has happened before. and i just hope that when this

is over, we're wiser. and i hope tt the chinese ban on the wet markets will, a, be made permanent, and b, extend to the use of wild animals for medicine like pangolin scales, bear bile and so on. brown: is that the most important thing you think needs to happen now to prevent future pandemics? >> i think it's extremely but we also need to fight the animal trafficking because that, too, brings animals together in etose contact where they are being sold in ma for example. >> brown: there's been so much attention, first on china, then europe and of course here in the u.s. i wonder about your fears for what's happening in africa. >> i'm extremely worried about africa, because so many countries, you know, haven't got well-developed healthcare systems. and people who make their money by living day by day, like the

kereet vendors and people that, if they can't ply their trade-- and they can't-- i don't ow what's going to happen. there will be anger. there'll be riots.l theyobably be violence. and so some countries are saying, all right, let's carry on with business as usual. and then, of crse, the virus will spread. it's a pretty grim picture. i don't think anybody has got a >> brown: where is there hope? jane goodall and her institute ergan creating their own von of it in tanzania in 1991, through a conservation education program for young people. called "roots and shoots," it's now in 65 countries ound the world, and has served several generations. i wonder if you're thinking about your own mortality and what you'll leave behind and who will pick up afterwards? >> well, being 86, obviously, th time i have left is slowly shrinkg, which means i have towo ever harder.

people say you need to slow down. but i have to go quicker! the main message i have is that every single one of us, every single day, we make some impact on the planet, and we have a choice as to what impact w b make-- what , what we wear. and if enough of us make ethical choices and start thinking in a new way, then business will have to change, because of consumer pressure. and governments wi just have to obey the will of the people, because there's enough of us, willing. it's my greatest hope. >> brown: jane goodall, thank you for lking to us. >> thank you very much for inviting me.

>> woodruff: thank you jane goodall. and that is the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us online, and again right here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you, please stay safe, and we'll see you soon. f >> majording for the pbs newshour has been provided by >> when it comes to wireless, consumer cellular gives its customers the choice. our no-contract plans give you as much-- or as little-- talk, text and da as you want, and our u.s.-based customer service team is on hand to help. to learn more, go to consumercellular.tv >> life isn't a straight line, yourself heading in a newd direction. fidelity is here to help you work through the unexpected, with financial planninand advice for today, and tomorrow. >> financial services firm raymond james. >> bnsrailway. >> the ford foundation. working with visionaries on the frontlines of social change worldwide.

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to "amanpour & co." here's what's coming up. i talk to the former british prime minister, gordon brown. he helped navigate a global exit from the great recession. now he's calling for a global task force to beat the pandemic. then -- >> wealk aboutnother flu pandemic happening, it's not a matter of if, but when. >> the netflix sers that predicted this very catastrophe before anyone had even heardf covid-19. featuring veteran virus hunter dr. dennis carroll who joins me. plus -- ♪ -- before there was the great jaszusician wynton marsalis there was his father the great lear