captioning sponsored by newsho productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight: deaths in the u.s. top 45,000, as new evidence suggests a different timeline from the virus-- when we think started and where it goes from here. then, covid-19 and mental health. what you need to know about the pandemic's effecon psychological and emotional plus, on this 50thersary of earth day, legendary naturast jane goodall on how covid-19 is reshaping our relationship with the planet. >> we are all interconnected. and if wdon't get that lesson from this-- this pandemic, then maybe we never wl. >> woodruff: all that and more, on tonight's pbs newshour.

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clearly into focus tonight, as we len it started weeks before anyone knew. comes as deaths in the u.s. have now passed 46,000, and as a topederal expert on vaccines says that he was forced out of his job. lisa desjardins begins our coverage.ja >> dins: new information indicates the san jose,a where covid-19 inieen appeared in this country. health officials in santa clara county have now linked at least two deaths from early to mid- february to the virus-- well before what had been the earliest confirmed deaths in washington state on february 29. >> what these deaths tell us is that we h community transmission, probably to at siificgree, far earlier than we had known. >> desjardins: amid questions about the origins of the pandemic, governors in a handful of other states are preparg to re-open. by the end of this week, georgia

governor brian kemp has ordered some businesses can reopen, including hair and nail salons and massage n rlors. but,c's "today" program, atlanta's mayor critized the move ar to lift these restrictions while our numberstill rising just seems illogical to me. >> desjardins: u.s. health officials stress testing is key for determining when the time is right to re-start parts of the economy. new york governor andrew cuomo said today his state is neighborsg wit connecticut and new jers for a massive testing and tracing operation. tracing army. put together a but, it all has to be coordinated. there is no tracing that can >> desjardins: and, back inn. california, governor gavin newsom laid out his state'sth plans to dsame. increasing the sites of availability. at the same timewe are increasing capacity with the

existing system. there are hundreds and hundreds of testing sites in the state of california, well in excess of 600. >> desjardins: in washington, at eve, president trum closetial parkseo woul state are ready. he also moved ahead today with an immigration executive order he says protects american workers. the measure pauses issuance of reen cards for 60 days. thus, it affects only thosese ing permanent residency, notar tempworkers. this as the trumadministration ce add newharge, the doctor who formerly led the covid vaccine effort at the department of health andepartmentof healths the job for political reasons. dr. rick bright said he was sidelined because he wouldn't widely promote treatments touted was not enough evidence ey worked.

on capitol hill, the house of representatives is starting to return, with party leade like republican kevin mccarthy preparing for votes tomorrow on the latest rovery funding and on whether the house can vote by proxy in the future. at the state department, secretary of state mike pompeo hinewed the administration's criticism of how and the world health organization have handled the pandemic. >> we strongly believe that the chinese communist party did not report the outbreak of the new coronavirus in a timely fashion to the world health organizationwo thd health organization's regulatory arm clearly failed during this pandemic. desjardins: in geneva, switzerland, officials at the w.h.o. defended the timing of its initiaemergency declaration. its director-general also said new infections are now increasing in eastern europe and africa. >> make no mtake, we have a long way to go. long time. will be with >> desjardins: that warning comes as restrictions in more of western europe are easing.er in berlin,ny today, some shops reopened, while taking steps for fety. >>he translated ): now is life here again.ci

the city, esly the center, needs life. >> desjardins: there is a sign of hope in hard-hit spain. a makeshift morgue at an ice rink in madrid has now closed, as deaths have plateaued. for the pbs newshour, i'm lisa desjardins. >> woodruff: even as some states are preparing for limited reopenings in the coming days, there are new warnings about a infection and illnter in the year. and, there are new findis about how the virus was spreading in the country earlier than we realized. john yang looks at these new developments, and their significance. >> yang: judy, officials in santa clara county in northern california now say two residents there died of coronavirus in early and mid-febrry-- weeks before what had been believed to be the first u.s. fatalities. dr. tom frieden is a former director of the centers for disease control and prevention. he's now c.e.o. of resolve to save lives, an initiative to

prevent epidems and heart disease. dr. frieden joins us by skype from new york. thank youvery mu for being with us, dr. frieden. these two cases in february in say they have no indication these people traveled, so apparently it was cotracted through the community.re whathe implications and the significance of these earlier cases? >> what we're learning is how widespread the infection has been. it's a web of ifection that we're seeing throughout many states of the u.s., and we'reng learore each day. we're learning, for example, t fr genetic fingerprint and footprints of this virus how far and wide it has spread. >> reporter: does this have any implication or tell hi an about where we are now and perhaps any suggestions about how we should be moving

forward? >> one of the things that's clear is that this is a highly nyfectious virus and that ma people don't show symptoms. that makes it even harder to control, but still possible. ere's a lot we can do to be safer, and the more we do now, the soonerfand more saely we can come out. that means boxing i,t in doing the testing, isolation, contact tracing, and quarantine that box to get the virus in smaller andr smaller cluand cases so that we can come out more safely. the longer we wait tot,o tha the longer we'll have to stay inside or the more risky it will be to go out again. >> reporter: thre has ben so much talk about testing bu you also talk about contact tracing, tracing the contact of the people who have the virus. talk about that. is tha in soe cases or in mome elements, is that as important, moreortant as broader testing? >> allour as- pectssting,

isolation, contact tracing, quarantine -- that box, they're all essential. if anne corof that box is weak, the virus can get out. contact tracing is a tried and true method of public health. it means going to a patlkient, g with them, earning and gaining and maintaining thei trust, helping them remember who they may have exposed, helpingd them fe contact information of those people, and then warning those people that they may have been exposed, ande then cing with those people for every day throughout their quarantine to see if they're feeling okay, if they're not to get them tested, if they are, to reassure them till they finish their quarantine. o itd-fashioned public health but it works. it's hard work, but it's how we can return t a new normal as hon and safely as possible. >> reporter: itrd work analso labor intensive. is that right? >> it is. technologies that can make it a bit more efficient, i don't think we're going to get to the place where you can just look at

your phone and figure out who you mit have exposed or who might have given you an exposure to the vrus. that's an interestingidea. it's unproven, scary, butt what we do know is thalkt g to people, understanding who they may have been in touch with and then using that information to warn people who have been exposed, that's works. it works for tuberculosis, sexually transmitte infections, public health. it done every day of the year throughout the u.s. it takeso excellent pple skills and the ability to understand the medical aspects of the situation, confidentiality, crisis counseling, referral for fuher services. it's a skill, a specializedl. sk >> reporter: how concerned are you about what's being called the second wav perhaps ths winter, especially if it were to coincide with the seasonal u? >> anytime we come back out

again,k e are at risof seeing a resurgence of covid disease. even new york city, where we've had a terrible epidemic with more than 15,000 people led, that's as many as were killed in a whole year of the grat influenza pandemic of 1918. heis is the worstlth threat in a century, and, even so, most new yorkers aren't immune, haven't been infected, and it could get much wose. that means we need to loosen the faucet on physical distancing gradually. we need to do it in stages because, when youo osenonce, it may be three or four weeks before you see the spread ofhe disease from that loosening if it dappens. if yit in a faster pace, you could have a roaring infection that rages through society, that kills people in your nursing homes, that endangers healthcare workers, and that's very hard to reverse. sith not unfortunately a

waquestion of a seconve, it's a question of multiple waves at we're at risk for we don't emerge from our sheltering in place very carefully, gradually, protecting those who arngmost vulnerable, usiand sanitizer, using other ways to physically distance so we reduce the risk. >> reporter: dr. tom frieden, thank you very much. >> thank you. >> woodruff: in the day's other news, wall street steadied, as oil prices halted their plunge and recovered a litt. the dow jones industrial average gained 457 points to close at 23,475. the s&p 500 added 62.oints, and president trump says that he isu tting iran on notice, to stayu. away f ships in the

pers wn gulf. lasteek, the u.s. navy said that iranian vessels repeatedlyt darted cloo americanth warships, wh were in international waters. today, the president tweeted "shoot down and deany andy to all iranian gunboats if they rass our ships at sea." pentagon officials said the tweet inforces existing rules. meanwhile, iran's revolutionary guard launched its f military satellite today. the guard said the satelte was fired to orbit from a desert base. but in washington, u.s. secretary of state mike pompeo condemned the act. >> one of the things they've said is that, boy, we need resources in order to take care of the virus at home.d l the while, they are launching satellites, drivingou ships the gulf harassing u.s. naval vessels, continuing to underwrite shia militias and working to support hezbollah. w druff: the u.s. argues

that iran is getting closer to developing nuclear-tipped ballistic missiles. iran denies that it wants nuclear weapons. back in this country, a federal arkansas to ban most surgical abortions during the pandemic. that reversed a lower court's texas has also been allowed to enforce abortion curbs related blocked similar bathree have other states. former vice president joe bideba won thing of another democratic vice president today. al gore said that supporting wbiden over president tru "not rocket science." gore is now a leading clime activist. biden was also endorsed by one-time rival jay inslee, the governor of washington state. and, today was the 50th anniversary of earth day, and it camas covid-19 lockdowns have suddenly cleared much of

the air and water. in paris, for example, befe and after images illustrate how air pollution is improved 50% from the previous five years. the same is true in new delhi and a number of other cities around the world. still to come on the newshour: how covid-19 is escalating global hunger. on the front lines with the medical workers who are battling the pandemic. the tensions behind china delivering spments of masks around the globe. plus, legendary scientist jane goodall on covid-19 and the natural world. >> woodruff: this week, theio united n world food program warned that as a result of the coronavirus, the number

of people facing food crisis around the world could double, to 265 million people.lo for how the deng world is faring-- already suffering in many places from the effects of climatchange and conflic- i'm joined by david beasley, executive dictor of the world food program. david beasley, welcome back to the "newshour". wnfirst of all, you came dith covid 19 some weeks ago, and you haveeen quahorantined. are you doing now? >> well, i'll tell you, judy, fortunately, i didn'get an extreme case where i had to go to the hospital, but it just lingered for literally about two and a half, three wee, had a little fever, a little ache and pains, but iycled through it. i am so much better, and i'm grateful tbe talking with you today. >> woodruff: well, we're very glad thear that. you were saying this week to the united nations, to anybody who would listen, that as the world

diehl deals with this terrible healthrisis, at the very same time, there's another crisis d.ving to do with foo >> well, before covid came on the scene, literally in the last six months, i had ben telling leaders around the world, and especially in europe, that we had a perfect storm coming. we literally were going to see 20 beinghe worst humanitarian crisis year since aurld war ii bec of yemen, deterioration of the sahail, climate ex extremes, and you cat imagine all the things together, then desert locust came, and i'm jus like, this is cerebral terrible. and then covid. we couldn't believe it. we walrready calculating 135 million people aroefd the world,e covid, marking for the brink of starvation. now with covid, we're looking at 260 million tople, i'm no talking about hungry, i'm

starvation, and that is award catastrophe in itself. >> woodruff: you know, that's a numb that i think is almost impossible for us to comprehend that that my people could be that close to starving. david beasley, how has coid complicated your work? clearly, the numbers are potentially bigger, but how has it changed the work that you have to do? >> judy, it's comunded the problems in so many different ways economically, but more so in this stage in terms of supply chain. if we can't move food, move ies, move supplies, then, obviously, even if we have money, if we can't get the food theople -- you know, you can't go two weeks without food, that's just thie reality of lfe. so, out of the 135 milio people that we were saying on the the brink of starvation, we feed about 100 million. out of those, 30 million depend on us 100%.

if we don't have access tohat see 300,000 people die per day over a 90-day periodr >> wf: can you get it done, david beasley i mean, when you think abouthe magnitude re what yoacing and the constraints now on these countries that y count on to give you money, can you actually get it done? >> we can, and that's one thing i love about the world food programme, literally, when a lot of other organizations are having to leave countries, we actually step in, in emergency operations, we know what we're doing. 97% of our peoe in the field are still in the field doing what they do best.h if we havemoney and the supply chain, we can keep people alive. i but right no's not covid versus hunger, we've got to work tother on these twosues because they are tied together. it transcends borders, it transcends cultures, and it certainly transcends politics. >> woodruff: tell us just iefly about a place like yemen

racked by war for years, and now that's a cntry that is -- we can't even imagine whaeyt re facing. make a difference ere?amme >> yemen is the disaster in so many ways. a nation of abou29 million people ravaged by war. the healthcare system is just deplorable. the economy was terrible before the war started. onof the poorest countries on earth. population of 29 million peopleh of we feed about 12.5 million people, and that means about 16.5 million people get their food otherwise. so, if covid hits yemen, it will not only be destroying our supply chain, bu the healthcare system and the immunity system of a vair fra sgiciety, i can't imagine it being anything but just catastrophic.nd >> woodruff:n the continent, a place like the continent of africa where you have so mans y countrat infrastructure, inition to

the health -- i'm sorry -- to the od challenges, how are you having to change what you do there? leaders right now andng wit maintaining supply chains in terms of moving the supplies, making certain that the food can get from the fields to the market to the consumer and doing everything we possibly can there. we're trying to uniquely assess the initial hot spot that wea will you know, when countries like south sudan who are losing their revenue and will lose their remittances, a the list goes on, and, so, we're analyzing out ery country to make sure we're doing whater we possibly can. but with everyone focused on covid right now, desert locust is devastating kenya, somalia,so h sudan and ethiopia. so we're dealing with several so-called plagues at one time here and it's not easy. but our teams are up for it. we work in wae sons, work in

ebola, we know what we're doing. if we have the resources and we get the dynamics out of our way so that we can do what we do c best, save lives. >> woodruff: what to you say to americans who say we know the need is great out there, but right now we've got 22 million americans just in the lasmonth who filed for unemployment, we've got alm0 ost 800,ople who have come down with covid 19 in this country. it can't be a priority for us. what do you say to them? >> just like this role, the funding, when i arrived, was 1. tbillion. wie trump administration and the republicans and the democrats in the unitestates congress, you know, judy, they seem like they're fightg over everything, but when it comes food security and helping the most vulnerable people in the world, all of them have come together and our funding went up to 3.4 billion, and the united states has not been backing down. we all want the united states to be strong, because when the united states is strg, it helps us help other people.

>> woodruff: a strong message. david beasley, the executive director of the worldood programme. thank you so much, and we're glad to see you feeling better. >> thank you, judy. always good to see y. >> woodruff: the num hospitalizations in new york state has slowed, a pattern that has been consistent fo than a week. but, to give y some perspective, more than 15,000 people in the state haveied from covid-related complications. in new york city alone, 35,000 people are estimated to be hospitalized with covid-19. william brangham gets a frontline dispatch from a group assisting the hospitals there. >> brangham: the international medical corps is working right now in new york city, the epicenter of america's outbreak. they're bringing in volunteers from across the co hy uneltop

four different hospitals-- to help support the people who are working in those hospitals-s hey deal with covid-19 patients. susan mangicaro is the new york coordinator for the international medical corps, and she joins me now from th javits center in new york. susan, thank you very, very much could you just start off by telling us-- you're seeing, inw rk city-- most of our viewers are elsewhere in the country, watching what's going on in new yorku could ve us a sense broadly of what you've been seeing over the last weeks, the last month or so? w n we arrived on april 2, it was really at the peak of the storm here. i've served in disasters for inrnational medical corps across the world, and i've never seen anything like this in the united states. it was truly unprecedented. the hospitals were completely overwhelmed. staff was-- was basically in e ock, and traumatized from having to make soices that we're not accustomed to in the united states, and simply e

number of deaths of patients dying alone. luckily, things are slightly improved this week, but still quite devastating.st the is in a state of shock. >> brangham: as you alluded to, the international medical corps normally responds to wars, conflicts, disasters in other nations. do you er stop for a moment and just sit back and think, we're doing this here in the middle of new york city? >> yes, all the time. it's... it's surreal. seeing and witnessing and hospital emergency departments under.ress that e system was it's something that, again, you're kind of not-- we're just not accustod to this in the united states. you're used to seeing that perhaps in resource-poor regions or regions that have been devastated from naturalsa ers or work conflict areas, but certainly not here in our own country.

>> brangham: are there lessons that you've learned from doing humanitarian work of this sort in other nations, that are applicable here? >> absolutely. we've done this both in disaster response, and infectious disease outbak from ebola to cholera we know how to set up quickly. we know how to bng in the people that are accustomed to dealing with trauma ve rapidly. and we know and we have suppt from wonderful partners and organizations that allow us to tdo what we do and bring relief where it's needed most. >> brangham: you're obviously there to help backstop frontline health care workers that are working in these hospitals, and provide relief and sort of rotate in when they need it. how are those people doing, from your experience? >> so, i'll tell you from both perspectives. we've-- we've done a number of things here. we've brought in emergency field shelters for them, to use that surge capacity. we've brought in supplies and p.p.e. but most important, we've

brought in medical staff to help relieve those overburdened staff workers. some facilities were down 25% oa ents because-- or rather, of staff, because they were covid- positive and sick.e and that were there, were working very long shifts and in very critical areaalthat the hosphad to adapt to. >> brangham: you're standing which we know was rflowter, big convention center, now turned into an overflow hospital. we've been seeing some reports that new york state and new yorm ciht be bending its curve a little bit, and seeing some plateauing of cases. nchas that been your exper thus far? >> yes, certainly in the emergey department, the number of admissions are down. th is helping provide some relief and to decompress a little bit. however, if u look at the number of patients still in the intensive care unit, and the acuity level of those patits, they're still at capacity, if

not over. beginning to decompress some. so there is a little sense of relief here in the health care system. they're-they're very trepidatious about backing off because the concern is, what if it-- what if it skyrockets again? we certainly do not want to see what happened the first time around, happen again. and i don't think it will. i think one of the biggest lessons for all of us is that, you know, preparedness is really important. >> brangham: all right, susan mangicaro from the internationap medical cos, thank you very, very much, and thank you for all the work you're doing.>> hank you so much. >> woodruff: today, secretary of state mike pompeo accused china of a cover-up during the earlytb days of the ak, the latest in a rhetorical pressurea campaign on chrougut

this crisis. china has pushed back, launching an information war tha included conspiracy theories and highlyublicized sales of medical equipment to other countries, including the united states. nick schifrin reports on the battle to control the narrative, and the blame, for covid-19. >> schifrin: ithe euroan epicenter of the covid-19 outbreak, the cavalry was chinese. ctis is chinese television, showing chinese s and chinese medical equipment, arriving in lombardy, in hard- hit northern italy. >> ( translated ): the donations from china are what we urgently need, which can saveany lives. i thank the chinese people. thank you. >> schifrin: the chinese government says it has exported more than three billion masks, three million test kits, including to the philippines. nigeria held a press conference to show off its chinese aid. and venezuela showcased its

chinese arrival on state tv on march 28. by that time, china was past its peak, and was trying to help countries in the middle of theik said one of chinese state television's top international anchors, zou yue. >> it is time to think in the ork of a shared human community. >> schifrin: but shared e.community did not mean f italy had to buy chinese equipment, after it ted earlier dosupplies to china. spain's prime minster announced publicly the chinese tests it ceived were defective. the u.k. admitted chinese tests it received did not work. and the u.s. called china's mask diplomacy an fort to mask culpability, as secretary of state mike pompeo reiterated today. >> china didn't share all of the information it had. instead, it covered up how ngerous the disease is. it didn't report sustained human-to-human transmission for a month, until it was in every province inside of china. the u.s. accuses china of a

pattern of deception, ing in december, when wuhan's central hospital doctors realized the pneumonia they'd been treating wasn't normal. they shared the information with their relatives, their friends. they were asked to shut up. >> schifrin: yanzhong huang is the council on foreignio relations' sfellow for global health. >> they knew in january someal care workers already got infected, and that was a smoking gun, evidence suggesting human-t to-humnsmission. >> schifrin: dr. ai fen was the director of emergency medicine. on december 30, she er medical school classmates she'd been treating a new coronavirus with apparent human-to-human but the hospital r her. on december 31, the city government further smothered her alar releasing a public notice, "the investigation so far has found no obvious person- -person transmission." and, on new year's day, the local government ordered early virus samples destrond announced that "rumors" had spread abo pneumonia, "causin

adverse social impact." they detained the eight doctors whom dr. ai had told-- inclung dr. li wenliang, who would later become the symboof china's crackdown. dr. ai said she went home terrified, and told her husban"" if something goes wron can raise our child." why did local authorities apparently feel like they weren't supposed to share all of the information that they were gathering? >> i think this has something to do with the political structure. and , when you have a political structure that was sot lized, you know, that when the top leers, making all the jor decisions, that they essentially deny their local incentives to make anyny initiatives. >> schifrin: wuhan's mayor zhou xianwang admitted he wasn'td allo speak openly about the outbreak. >> ( translated ): as the local government, i can only release

the information when i'm authorized to do so. >> schrin: local chinese governments have been accused of hiding fatality figures before,r but ncident xi jinping took power, beijing'grip on local governments has tightened, ys huang. >> since 2012, we found that political powehas been rapidly centralized to a lev that further suppresses, or stifles, the initiatives taking place at the local level. >> schifrin: dr. li, one of thea first meworkers who knew about human-to-human transmission, blew the whistle, warning other doctors about covid-19. and on febary 7, after treating covid-19 patients, the outpouring of sympathy, and anger at authorities who'd silenced him, erupted. authorities acted quickly. citizen journalists who exposed on social media the slow initial

response were arrested. by march 5, when a senior residents shouted out their windows, "everything is fake." and then came the disinformation. on march 12, china's deputy foreign ministry spokesman zhao lijian wrote on twitter," it might be u.s. army who brought the epidemic to wuhan." the suggestion was repeated on chinese tv's arabic. >> ( translated ): do you believe a story that the new coronaviruu.is made by the a.? >> after dr. li wenliang's death, you know, there was this strong pressure, a demand for meaningful change on the political front. if y look at the outcome of this disinformation effort, it does actuay distract the domestic attention from making t.ange on the political fr it could have been stopped.ed. >> schifrin: president trump, who had praised presidt xi's

and china's response in january, responded to the u.s. army claim by naming and shaming. >> why do you keep calling this the chinese virus? >> it comes from... china. china. that's why. >> schifrin: one week latered trump decl ceasefire, and spoke to xi jinping. that's when china's ministry off foreigirs, andhinese media, replaced disinformation with deflection. >> president donald trump and his team were not helpful. their problem is a lac serious commitment. atd most unfortunately, he failed to communthe gravity of the problem to the nation, when he still had time to brace for impact. >> schifrin: for the chinese looking to criticize the u.s., there was ample material. >> fema says, "we're sending 400 ventilators." really? what am i going to do with 400 ventilators when i need 30,000? are going to die b youople who only sent 400 ventilators! >> schifrin: both sides , ame each othd portray this

moment as a fundamental test of fundamentally differen governance. >> when i saw governor cuomo of new rk begging the federal government to step in to get ventilators, i t aught, wow, whifference different systems can make. >> schifrin: whado autocracies do in the face of crisis? they become more aggressive. they deny people their rights, theyie more. in the end, they do enormous harm to the people of their own natid put the rest of the r rld at risk as well. >> schifrin: sens. officials tell pbs newshour china is blocking some medical supplies the u.s. bought fm leaving china. and, china is still refusing to share the original virus fm early covid-19 victims-- the vend victims whom dr. ai fen dr. li wenliang was trying to save. for the pbs newshour, i'm nick schifrin.

>> woodruff: that brings us to "ask us," where we take your questions on the coronavirus to experts who can help make sensef hese challenging times. we have had an incredible msponse across our website and our various sociia platforms: twitter, instagram and facebook. for the record, facebook is a funder of the newsho amna nawaz has more. of nawaz: thanks, judy. and thanks to alou for sending us your questions. this week, we're focusing ab your concernt mental health. and from the responses we got, its clear it's an issue tha hitting home for many of you right now. so, to answer your questions, we're joined by dr. sue varma. she's clinical assistant professor of psychiatry at new york university. welcome and thanks fng >> thank you for hme. >> nawaz: so let's jump right into the questions. our first one comes from sherry williams in columbus, ohio. she sent us a video on facebook here. >> oftentimes, i'm laying awake at night with my mind racing, thinking about anything fr,

if i'm going to lose my job, to my finances, wondering if myself or someone in my family is going to catch coronavirus. are there any tips for dealing with insoma during these times? >> nawaz: dr. varma, that stress and anxiety of the time can leai to ins what do you say to sherry? >> sherry, first of all, you're not alone. we know that a lot of people are experiencing a variety of thingy th're touching upon, and some of which is anxiety during the day. and, get this-- thera lot of people who say that they're not even feeling anxious or not even noticing their anxiety manifesting in the form of sleep disturbances like insomnia. so, one thing i want to say is,g good sleepne for me begins during the day. it's not just at night.d rt of this means if you're able to get any exposure to daytime sunlight, this would be huge. what this does is it shuts downe thtonin, which is a hormone that helps you sleep at night. it shuts it down during the s daytime and said, hey, ime for us to stay awake. ten or 15 minutes in the morning for a brisk walk would help.

and in general, getting it at a quick exerse movement. again, 15 to 20 minutes. and i'm a big fan of addressing our worries. a lot of what you're talking about is what we're thinking, what we call catastrophizing-- thinking about the worst-case scenario. ask yourself, what is the best-case scenario? what is the most likely scenario? and keeping a worry diary, which is basically five minutes a day of writing everything that you're worried about. and what help is that over time? we see that 85of the time, the things that we worried about don't actually happen. and the 15% of the time that they do, we're actually able to better handle it than we think that we are. but, you're not alone.ti stick to a r, daytime, nighttime, wake up the same time as much as possible. >> nawaz: sherry, we wish you o good sle there. let's move now to another question, from sandy gavilanes. she's from chicago. she also sent us a question on facebook. and here's what she wrote. she says, "i have a four-year- old son. how do we explain covid-19 to him without causing more worry and more stress, especially when he is so young?" o. varma, how do you talk young kids about this time that even adults are trying to make sense of? absolutely.

and it really depends on the age, the developmental stage,ti how much infor they can handle. but, generally speaking, when it comes to a four-year-old, whatth really need is reassurance from you that everything is going to be okay. ngs extremely simple. you can say, "some people are getting sick out tre. some of them are getting better. we're here to help. what are your specific questions?" and maintaining a routine as muchs possible, keeping them distracted, being able to have fun with them. evd also, watching and managing their own stresss. we know that children very much experience congion, stress, contagion from their parents. try to get ten or 15 minutes for deep breathing for yourself so that y beapp for there to be able to provide the calm, reassurance guidance that your children need. but when it mes to four-year- olds, please just keep it very simple. >> nawaz: great advice we can all use. i know i'm taking personal notes on all of that. let's move now to another video question. this one is from sherry fachey, from rochester, illiis. here's the thing to know about sherry, dr. varma, she's been a teacher for 43 years.he

she reout on facebook. here is sherry now. >> recently, i've embraced online learning. i still miss the students. our governor announced that the students and teachers will not reconvene this year, and i retire at the end of the year.ag i never ed going out this way. it's really so sad, and i'm grieving. i imagine there are others in similar situations. do you have any advice for us? >> nawaz: it's a big change of life. go ahead, well, what do you have to say to sherry. >> i'm going to say, first of all, bless you, bless your heart.e you are feblood of this country, and thank you for teaching and educating our children.is as a parent whoing homeschooling, i can tell you that doing double duty is not easy. and i would say, celebhat you have accomplished. and this can be in the form of phe calls, letters. ask people to-- let people know how you feel. and if you have access to zoom or skyper facetime, have a virtual send off party, a retirement party. and hey, when things get better, because i absolutely believe thathey will, you will have to-- have your chance to see people face-to-face.

but now, ask them to express their sentiments by writing, their phone cas. >> nawaz: and we hope she can have that celebration some day soon. thank you to sherry. one last question now, coming to us from facebook. dr. varma, this one comes to us from miriam saifi. she writes in about a personal trauma, and she writes, "as a survivor of female genital mutilation, emotional well-being is a top priority. this pandemic is a mixed blessing. the solitude allows for reflection, but can alsoe deeply isolating. how can i best handle the ups what do you say to her, dr.ing?" varma? >> i would say, first and foremost, that, you know, i have so much admiration for theur e that she has to be able to talk about this. so, don't forget that we'reg talkout somebody who's extremely resilient. and when it comes to resiliency, there's rtain hallmarks that we look for-- optimism, sense of humor, social support, altruism. ink of ways that you can i think it's really important tz recothat we are all experiencing grief. even if you're used to being a leader, give yourself a break, t take nape rest, and

support yourself and.our prioriti >> nawaz: it's sucan important message: we are all in this together. h. sue varma, thanks so m for being with us and taking these questions. >> thank you so much for having me. nawaz: and thanks to all of you for your qstions. you can send us more via news hours, twitter, facebook and instagram accounts or on our website. that's www.pbs.org/newshr. >> woodruff: the daily briefings at the white house do continue, but tonight, there is new information on a key firing, allegedly pitting science against politics. our yamiche alcindor is here with the latest. yamiche, we did report earlier that a man who was working for e government in the vaccine division of theitational ines of health, working on a coronavirus response, says

he's been retaliated against. what more are we learning about >> that's right, judy, dr. rick bright says he was abruptly dismissed from the agency within the department of health and human services. he said he was pushing for scientific based stdies, he said he wanted treatments that would be vetted thoroughly, and not just the ones president trump liked li the antimalaria drug the president was encouraging ame to talk -- take. he said he was reoved and they are getting ready to file a whistleblower complaint hecht this doctor is making a lot of. noise saying he's been treated unfairly by the trump administration. >> woodruff: yamiche, as always, i know the reporters ark g for infmation from the president on how the administration is maging this crisis. what more are you learning tonight? >> reporter: well, two big things happened at th briefing s thatll going on. the first is the director to

have the c.d.c. came out to push back on a headline in "the washington post" that saidcohat the s wave of the coronavirus could be more devastating. he said that was quoted accurately but it was the same way you could see the president was essentially marching him out to attack "the washington post" porting and the only issue they had is in oste "devastating" they said the word should be "ifficult." the president has come out firmly against the governor of hegeorgia. aid he does not agree with the georgia governor opening up businesses includinsals and barber shops. he said he specifically spoke to the goernor and said he strongly disagreed but at the same time said h governor has to hat he thinks is right. >> woodruff: that is so interesting, yamiche, given the republican governor of georgia, brian kemp. and just quily, yahe, when drredfield who is the head of the c.d.c. made this

clarification today, where s it finally left? >> reporter: you said where was he -- >> woodruff: how did hi finally explain what happened? you said he changed it from devastating tolt diffi is that pretty much where it's left? >> yes, that's where it's left. he took issue with one word in the headline. he said all the repitorting accurate, but even though he was pushing back on the "the washington post," devastating versus difficult, the situation is the virus could still kill a loreof people and the or of the c.d.c. stood by the statement. the president said he doesn't think it's going to hppen but hasn't shown evidence of that. the he'll officials said the second wave to have coronavirus could be just as deadly if not more, even though dr. fauci saie the u.s. mightore prepared the second time around, so the esident, though, is pushing back and saying maybe this won't no evidence there won't be ae's

second wave. >> woodruff: so much attention focused on all of this. yamiche alcindor, thank you very >> reporter: thanks, judy. >> woodruff: on this 50th earth day, one like no other-- we want to mark thisoment with jane odall, one of the world's most renowned scientists and envinmentalists. a new national geographic documentary explores her life anwork, teaching generatio how interconnected we are with e e natural world. jeffrey brown spth goodall from her home in bournemouth, england about the pandem, and her life's work. it's part of our ongoing arts and culture series, "canvas." >> brown: for decades, jane goodall has traveled the world as a non-stop advocate for the d nsertion of animals ane earth.

now, like the rest of us, she's confined to her home. but, she says: >> i've never worked harder in my life, because, you know, it's the 60th anniversary of the research at gombe, and we were going to be celebrating all year. we were just in the perft...at sin for good fundraising, ked then everything stops. so, i'm trying t up the momentum. >> brown: virtual, and as always, even at 86, virtually non-stop. as we see in the film, it all began in 1960 when a young british woman without a college degree went to what is now gombe stream national park iniv tanzania, to le with and studyee chimpas in a new way. >> it's absolutely so vivid. it was a time when the chimpanzees were like part of my family. and, the striking thing was how like us they actually are. when i g to cambridge, because

louis leakey said i had to get a degree, i was ld i'd done everything wrong. that i shouldn't have given the chimps names, they suld have had numbers. i couldn't talk about personality, mind or emoon. those were unique to us, i was told. but i'd been taught by my dog, rusty, who always sits near me. and there's never been a dog quite like him. look at that! >> brown: look at rusty and look at a young jane goodall. >> look at us side by side! of course animals have personalities, minds and emotions! and now science has been forced to accept, we're not after all, the only beings with those attributes. >> brown: changing minds and practices hasn't always been easy, but she's gotten results. goodall campaigned against using chimpanzees and other animalsdi

for l research. she's also been a leading voicel against animrafficking and other abuses. and, she sees a disregard for nature and disrespect for animals behind today's global pandemic. while the exact orig covid-19 are being examined and debated, evidence points to china's so-called wet markets, where live amals and meat are sold. this is a virus that jumped from animals to humans. >> we are all interconnected. and if we n't get that lesson from this-- this pandemic, then maybe we never will. >> brown: how does that forceus the lesson o >> well, it should force a lesson on us because it's our interactions with animals and the environment, all of it, that has led to the virus being able to leap over from some kind of animal into us, as has happened before. and i just hope that when this

is over, we're wiser. and i hope that the chinese ban on the wet markets will, a, be made permanent, and b, extend to the use of wild animals for medicine like pangolin scales, bear bile and so on. >> brown: is important thing you think needs to happen now to prevent future ndemics? >> i think it's extremely important. a but o need to fight the animal trafficking because that, too, brings animals together inc close cowhere they are being sold in markets, for example. >> brown: there's been so much attention, first on china, then europe and of course here in the u.s. i wonder about your fears for what's happening in africa. >> i'm extremely worried about africa, because so many countries, you know, haven't got well-developed healthcare systems.d ople who make their money by living day by day, like the street vendorsnd people like

that, if they can't ply their trade-- and they can't-- i don't know what's going to happen. there will be anger. there'll be riots. they'll probably be violence. and so some countries are saying, all right, let's carry on with business as usual. and then, of course, the vir will spread. it's a pretty grim picture. i don't think anybody has got a grip on it.wn >> b: where is there hope? jane goodall and her institute began creati their own version of it in tanzania in 1991, through a conservationducation program for young people. called "roots and shoots," it's now in 65 countries around the s world, and hved several generations. i wonder if you're thinking about your own mortality andl what youave behind and who will pick up afterwards? >> well, being 86, obviously,ve th time i eft is slowly shrinking, which means i have to work ever harder. people say youeed to slow

down. but i have to go qui! the main message i have is that every single one of us, every single day, we make some impact on the pnet, and we have a choice as to what impact we make-- what we buy, what we wear. and if enough of us make ethical choices and start thinking in a new way, then busiss will have to change, because of consum. pressure and governments will just have to obey the will of the people, because there's enough of us, willing. it's my greatest hope. >> brown: jane goodall, thank you for talking to us. >> thank youviery much for ng me.f:

>> woodrhank you jane goodall. and that is the newshour forni t. i'm judy woodruff. join us online, and again right here tomorrow evening.fo r all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you,ea stay safe, and we'll see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> when it comes to wireless, consumer cellular gives its customers the choice. our no-contract plans give you a as much-- orlittle-- talk, text and data as you want, and our u.s.-based customer service team is on hand to help. to learn more, go to consumercellular.tv >> life isn't a straight line, and sometimes you can findse your heading in a new direction. fidelity is here to help you work through the unexpected, with financial planning and advice for today, and tomorrow. >> financial services firm raymond james. >> bnsf railway. >> the ford foundation. working with visionaries on the frontlines of social cnge worldwide.

>> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals. >> this program was madepo ible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. ng sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org >> you're watching pbs.

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