captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff:ood evening, i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight, the ongoing outrage-- predominantly peaceful protests continue across america despite occasional use of force by police and the presence of national guard troops as memorial services ben for george floyd. then, general concern-- former military leaders push back at the president's rhetoric in regard to peaceful assemblies. plus, the coming new reality about work-- social distancing and the desire to work from home create a potentially devastating effect on real estate.

>> imagine you now need twice as much space per person. for the next three or four years people are going to be really uncomfortable about being in close offices. >> woodruff: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> life isn't a straight line, and sometimes you can find yourself heading in a new direction. fidelity is here to help you work through the unexpected, with financial planning and advice for today, and tomorrow.

>> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security. at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: the formal mourning

has begun for the minneapolis man whose death touched off a torrent of national outrage. at the same time, president trump faces a torrent of criticism over his talk of using the military to quell violence. john yang begins our coverage. >> yang: in washington, d.c., >> reporter: the first of several memorial services for george floyd. jake upfry kneltt at the coffin. reverend al sharpton delivered the ewing. >> george floyd's story has been the story of black folks because, ever since 401 years ago, the rson we could never be who we wanted and dreamed of being is you kept your knee on your neck. (applause) >> reporter: and across the country, a virtual moment of silence for eight minutes and 46 seconds, the amount of time former minneapolis police officer derek chauvin was seen

pinning his knee onto floyd's neck. chauvin has been charged with second-degree murder. in washington become barr and christopher ray announced actions. >> we have task forces around the country to apprehend and charge violent agitators -- >> reporter: blame extremist groups. >> we have evidence that antifa and other similar extremist groups as well as actors of a variety of different political persuasions have been involved in instigating and participating in the violent activity. >> reporter: but last night protests remained largely peaceful. in washington, hundreds marched to the capitol beside national guard troops. at one point some demonstrators knelt and at one point, some demonstrators knelt and sang.

>> ♪ lean on me >> yang: in new york city, protesters were largely peaceful as well. but as nighttime fell on the rainy city streets, police in riot gear moved in to enforce a curfew, sometimes by force. dozens were arrested. amid the chaos, a confrontation in brooklyn left three policeman wounded, one stabbed and two shot, and the suspected attacker shot. the officers are expected to recover; the suspect is in critical condition. in minnesota, governor tim walz ordered the national guard to the state's western border, saying that violence from planned protests in north dakota could spill into his state. leaders in 32 states and the district of columbia have deployed more than 3200 members of the national guard. president trump is prepared to use active-duty troops if necessary, according to deputy white house press secretary hogan gildey, who used language

usually reserved to describe pontial overseas military operations. >> safety and security number one thing donald trump cares about. all options are on the table when the lives of the american people are at ake. >> yang: the idea drew new pushback last night, this time, from his former secretary of defense, james mattis. in an essay for the "the atlantic," the retired marine general delivered perhaps his harshest public criticism of the president yet, accusing mr. trump of dividing the country. and, he called the use of national guard troops near the white house on monday to forcefully clear crowds for a presidential photo-op an "abuse of executive authority." the president fired back with a tweet calling mattis "the world's most overrated general"" >> reporter: senator murkowski from alaska said mattis' remarks were necessary and overdue and suggested she may not vote to reelek the president. >> when i am struggling with ,

i have struggled with it for a long time. i think you know that. i didn't support the president in the initial election. >> reporter: meanwhile, there's new attention on police treatment of minorities across the country. >> yang: meanwhile, there's new attention on police treatment of minorities across the country. the fatal shooting an unarmed latino man early wednesday morning by vallejo, california, police responding to a report that a drugstore was being looted, and a video of a sarasota, florida, police officer pressing his knee into the neck of a handcuffed black man being arrested in may on domestic violence charges. that incident is now under investigation. in georgia today, a video court hearing for two men charged in the february killing of ahmaud arbery. a state investigator testified one of the accused men used a racial slur. >> after the shooting took place, before police arrival, while mr. arbery was on the ground, he heard travis mcmichael make a statement. "( bleep )ing n-word."

>> yang: tonight, demonstrators are gathering across the country for another round of protests. and mayors of cities like los angeles, san francisco and washington, d.c., have lifted nighttime curfews, hoping last night's calm holds. for the pbs newshour, i'm john yang. >> woodruff: as john reported, yesterday's protests in new york were largely peaceful, but did include some skirmishes between protesters and police. the newshour's daniel bush has been on the ground following the protests, and he joins me now. so, dan, hello. we have been reporting on police actions across the country. in some cases, there's been violent action taken by police. tell us what you're seeing in new york city. >> that's right, judy. i'm here right now in the bay ridge section of brooklyn where we've seen protest activity for several days. more is expected later today. in the area you can see police

behind me gathering as well as protesters in the park. this is the scene during the day, judy. at night, it's a different story. i was covering a protest last night around trump tower in midtown manhattan. the police allowed protestors to continue marching after the 8:0. at 9:00, however, there's o very swift and sudden change, police in riot gear rushed the crowd and they began arresting people at random, seemingly, grabbing them on the ground, police officers takling them on the ground and that is what we are seeing at night when people are out after the curfew. >> woodruff: we know, in new york city, there have been questions for a long time over the years about police, about possible pobl overuse of force, if you will. what are you hearing from the protesters about what they're seeing? >> so the protestors here in the nation's largest cityjust like

other cities around the country, are out expressing their anger, their frustration, their pain at the way they're treated by police. let's take a listen here at one woman's comments about why she's out protesting. >> i want to see change. i want to see, like -- you know, i can't go outside at night with a hoodie on and not be profiled in the south bronx and get, you know, ran up on by six defective cops because they want to just jemp me to think, or they think i'm someone, a suspect for something. it's like you have a daily fear of your life for no reason. >> that was a young man there, judy, talking about his fear, his frustrations with the police, and that's what protestors are telling me here, they want concrete change. >> woodruff: just quickly, dan, what about political leaders, what are they saying about new york?

>> that's right, judy, president trump has crit sited goveor cuomo, mayor disabledo de blasio for notracking down harder. the mayor says he doesn't want the national guard here. this city has 36,000 officers, the largest police officer in the country. the mayor is saying he thinks he can get the nighttime protests under control in the coming days. so we'll see what happens. >> woodruff: dan bush reporting for us tonight frm brooklyn. thank you, dan. >> woodruff: the nation's capital has been another site of large-scale protests. washington, d.c.'s mayor muriel bowser wants the national guard out of the district. and she joins us now.

mayor bowser, thank you very much for being here. we are -- it's reported that people, protesters are gathering in the streets of washington at this hour. this would be the seventh straight day of protests. you have opted not to call -- impose a curfew, though. whnot? >> judy, we are -- we situationally review what our public safety needs are to manager protests, and we've seen over the last two nights very peaceful protests. in fact, we have seen the nuber of people coming down to demonstrate in front of the white hose swell quite a bit, ever since peaceful protesters were forcibly moved out of the way by the federal police. so people have come down to peaceably protest, and police themselves in some ways. so if they see somebody not

there for a peaceful protest bent on destruction, we've seen the crowd still with them. >> woodruff: do you get some kind of advanced word from the organizes of these protests about what their intentions are is this how do you get information, gedges about what's going on? >> well, sometimes people who organize frequently in washington, d.c. will reach out to our metropolitan police department or to our homeland security department and give us aheads-up. other times we are listening to intelligence, monitoring social media, so we have a good gauge on how many people are coming and how many staff we need to manage traffic, close streets and make sure people are safe. we think, this saturday, we are going to have a larger crowd in d.c., and we'll make some determinations about what we need in terms of staffing and if we need to reinstate our curfew

on that day. >> woodruff: who has control, mayor bowser, of keeping the peace washington, d.c.? is it the d.c. police or the national guard, some of the troops that have come in from elsewhere? >> well, you're highlighting the unique status of washington, d.c. we are the capitol city, a federal district, we're 700,000 tax-paying americans, and i'm the mayor, governor, county executive all at once. but because we are not a state, the federal government can enroach on our autonomy and bring in federal forces to from protect federal assets, and that's what we see in d.c. i am the mayor. we have a police force of 4,000 men and women who protect d.c. every single day, who support

first amendment nonadministratioadministration t amendment demonstrations and the police chief reports to me. >> woodruff: so when president trump ordered the clearing out of the peaceful protesters around the white house so that the president could walk over to st. john's church, that scene where he had his photograph taken holding the bible. and yet, it is -- the federal government does have control over that area, does it not? >> the federal government and everybody who works for it swears an oath to the constitution of the united states that allows americans to peaceably protest to exercise their first amendment rights. what i witnessed from what i could see, from what i think the world could see is those people were peaceably protesting. in the inspector of federal

police or, you know, releasing munitions to clear the way so the president could make a political statement is abhorrent. >> woodruff: and do you -- i mean, are you getting a sense right now that the administration is going to hold back in some way its being prepared to deploy federal troops? are you getting any sort of signal through your communication with the white house, with the justice department? >> well, let me say this -- we, first of all, think there is a legal question about the president's ability to call in out of state national guard into the district of columbia, guard that i have not requested as mayor. and we push back very hard on that. they need to deal with that question, and we think there are some other steps that the president needs to take to do

that. we don't know on whose authority that these troops are acting. and this is a similar question that was raised by the speaker of the house to the president in a letter today. what we know and has been announced by the secretary of the army is that the active duty milita troops, army personnel who were staged around washington, d.c. are being sent back to their home base, their home stations. >> woodruff: and does that give you peace of mind? are you confident they won't be called back again? >> we can't have peace of mind in washington, d.c. until we have full autonomy and we're just like every other american and we become the 51st state. but you ask me if that makes me feel good, if that makes me feel secure. i don't think any american can feel secure if they watch the

president of the united states move on american citizens with active duty military troops. >> woodruff: washington, d.c. mayor mural -- muriel bowser. mayor bowser, thank you very much. >> thank you. >> woodruff: and we would ask you to please join >> woodruff: please join us friday night for "race matters: america in crisis, "a pbs newshour prime time special. at the end of this difficult week, we explore this critical moment and how we move ahead. >> woodruff: over the past few days as protesters have taken to the streets, the president's talk about using military force on the demonstrators has generated a backlash among a number of former senior military

officers. the secretary of defense and chairman of the joint chiefs of staff have also been criticized for their actions and what they have said. nick schifrin has the story. >> schifrin: judy the criticism has become a chorus, and unlike the last few months, it's on the record. former secretary of defense jim mattis: "militarizing our response, as we witnessed in washington, d.c., sets up a conflict-- false conflict-- between the military and civilian society." former chairman of the joint chiefs admiral mike mullen wrote former chairman gen. martin dempsey criticized current secretary of defense mark esper's words, writing: "america is not a battleground. our fellow citizens are not the enemy." and recently retired commander of special operations command gen. tony thomas: "the 'battle space' of america??? not what america needs to hear." to talk about this i'm joined by retired army general carter ham.

over his 38 year career, he commanded troops in iraq and served as commanding general for both u.s. army europe, and u.s. africa command. general ham, welcome to the "newshour". thank you very much. why is there so much criticism and fear among retired officials but also some current officials who i'm talking about -- who i'm talking to about the idea of sending active dutyroops into the united states? >> well, thanks, nick. it's a great question, and, in our nation, we have a long tradition, going back to the founding of the nation, concern expressed even in the declaration of independence and certainly in the constitution, a concern about the employment of federal active duty armed forces within the boundaries of the united states for domestic security purposes. so i think that's what we're seeing play out is that long-held tradition of concern about using the military inside the u.s. the u.s. armed forces exist to protect the nation.

they're not well-suited for policing communities. >> reporter: there's been a lot of criticism, as judy mentioned in the introduction to this segment, of the leadership of the military. and let's go back to monday afternoon, evening, president trump walks out of the white house, with him is secretary esper, and secretary esper ends up in a photo op in front of a burned-out church. former chairman of the joint chiefs of staff mark milley hung back while the photo op happened. do you believe milley was concerned about the military being dragged into politics if someone like him ended up in the photo op? >> all the chairman of the join chiefs of staff whom i've had the privilege of serving have all worked very, very hard to keep from politicizing the armed forces to have the united states, for understandable

purposes. and i think they have largely been successful in that regard. and, so, i think, when it became apparent that monday evening's events were intended for a political purpose, i think it was appropriate for the senior-ranking officer of the armed forces to not participate in that. >> reporter: do you believe over the last three-plus years it's been harder for the military to stay out and be seen to stay out of politics? >> well, it's always hard because the decisions regarding the employment of armed forces have an inherently political aspect to them. so that makes it quite difficult. that, to me, is very different than using the military for exclusively political purposes.

so it is challenging even in the best of times and i think, certainly, as we've seen over the past few weeks, it has been difficult, particularly on monday evening, i think, difficult for the secretary of defense and the chairman of the joint chiefs of staff to work hard to keep from politicizing the military. you know, that trust that america has in its armed forces is well earned and, in my opinion, richly deserved, but it's fragile. so i think the leaders of the military, both civilian and military, understand that and work very, very hard to make sure that nothing interferes in that bond of trust that must exist between the nation and its armed forces. >> reporter: general, i want to take you back to tuesday after that photo op, chairman of the joint chiefs of staff mark milley wrote this memo, send it to the combatant commanders and

chiefs, he said we all committed our lives to the idea of america america, we will stay truth to the oath. how concerned are you the active duty military could be asked to do something against that oath? >> well, there is concern. first of all, i've known mark milley for a long time, long before he became a general, and those handwritten words, that comes from the heart of general mark milley. i'm confident he believes that with all of his heart and soul, and he takes very seriously the oath of office that he and every other person in uniform takes. so i think he was reminding the force to be true to that oath. that's the tie that binds us in tough times. broadly across the force, i think there is concern, you know, that the armed forces, again, are not trained, manned,

equipped, prepared for employment in domestic purposes. the national guard is. the men and women of the national guard of the 50 states and the district and the territories operating under legitimacy vilian control of the governors, they are the right backstop, when law enforcement no longer has the capacity -- >> reporter: general, i'm sorry -- i'm sorry -- i'm sorry to interrupt, but i've only got 30 seconds. i want to ask about that point, the national guard in the states are being led by the governors. we just heard the mayor of washington, d.c. criticize the fact that the guard in d.c. have gone from 1,200 to over 4,500. do you believe that so many national guard on the streets of d.c. could be a problem?

>> well, you know, the district of columbia, as the mayor indicated, is a unique environment. it is a federal entity. the national guard in the district of columbia operates under federal authority and, as the mayor indicated that she has questioned some of the policy, the legal authorities for the use national guard from other states in the city of washington, d.c., that has yet to play out. it is not, however, uncommon for the national guard of various stays to work very closely -- >> reporter: general -- in emergencies. >> reporter: i'm sorry to cut you off. we're just out of time. general carter ham, thank you very much, sir. >> thanks, nick.

>> woodrf: in the day's other news, amid the nationwide protests demanding racial justice, virginia is taking down a famous statue of confederate general robert elee. governor ralph northam announced the statue will be removed from richmond's well-known "monument avenue." he said the state can no longer showcase a cause that ught to preserve slavery. >> i believe in a virginia that studies its past in an honest way. i believe that when we learn more, we can do more and i believe that when we learn more when we take that honest look at our past, we must do more than just talk about the future. we must take action. >> woodruff: the lee statue is going into temporary storage. business closings and cutbacks during the covid-19 pandemic have claimed another 1.9 million jobs. today's report means more than

21 million workers in the u.s. are receiving jobless benefits. the number peaked two weeks ago, at nearly 25 million. the head of the centers for disease control and prevention voiced fresh fears today that protests drawing thousands into the streets will lead to new coronavirus outbreaks. robert redfield told a congressional hearing that demonstrators need to find out if they're infected. >> those individuals that have partaken in these peaceful protests or have been out protesting, and particularly if they're in metropolitan areas that really haven't controlled the outbreak. we really want those individuals to highly consider being evaluated and get tested. >> woodruff: meanwhile, the british medical journal "the lancet" retracted a sharply negative study on using hydroxycoroquine to fight the coronavirus. the data had come under growing criticism. and, the united nations warned

that the pandemic is disrupting vaccinations for measles and polio, and putting millions of children at risk. in hong kong, thousands of people defied a police ban to mark the anniversary of the tiananmen square crackdown in beijing. they held a candlelight vigil to remember hundreds, and possibly thousands, of protesters killed by the chinese military, on june 4th, 1989. police did little to stop them. a u.s. navy veteran headed home from iran today, in a prisoner deal. michael white had been held since he was convicted of insulting iran's supreme leader in 2018. in return for white's release, u.s. officials agreed not to seek more prison time for an iranian-american doctor who violated sanctions on iran. back in this country, the national basketball association has agreed to restart its

regular season in late july. competition was halted in march, by the covid-19 pandemic. remaining regular season games will take place at walt disney world in florida. and, on wall street, the dow jones industrial average gained about 12 points to close at 26,281. but, the nasdaq fell 67 points, and, the s&p 500 slipped 10. still to come on the newshour: protesters defy bans on gathering in hong kong to mark the anniversary of the tiananmen square massacre. social distancing and the desire to work from home create a potentially devastating effect on real estate. and much more. >> woodruff: we return to hong

kong, where thousands turned out in defiance of a city ban today to commemorate the 31 anniversary of the brutal 1989 crackdown in beijing's tiananmen square, which killed hundreds, but as special correspondent divya gopalan reports, today in hong kong they also protested against china's moves to impe it legal will in the semi- autonomous region. >> reporter: over the years this candlelight vigil has become a symbol of hong kong's political freedoms, setting the city apart from the rest of china where the events of june 4th are not spoken about publicly. >> we just want to be seen, we just want our voice to be heard. >> reporter: police refused permission for this year's rally, due to social distancing restrictions related to the conavirus pandemic. >> losing the candlelight on june 4 is such a great reminder for the people that we need to safeguard our freedom. >> reporter: last year, tens of thousands of people gathered in

victoria park, not just to remember, but to protest a proposed extradition law that would have allowed hong kong suspects to be tried in mainland cha. the law was shelved, but not before it ignited six months of anti-government and often violent protests. it's the reason the chinese government is now bypassing the city's legislature to rush through a strict new national security law. >> when that law is passed in a few month's time in beijing, we will not be able to hold that candlelight vigil, otherwise we will all be committing offenses. >> reporter: former legislative council member martin lee organized the inaugural vigil in 1990. he is one of the architects of hong kong's constitution, and known as the father of democracy here. the 81-year-old is on trial for taking part in an unauthorized protest last year. but he says the worst is yet to come with beijing's tightening

control. hong kong's constution states it is up to the local government to enact the law after the handover in 1997. former justice secretary, elsie leung, oversaw the transition from a british colony to a special administrative region of china. >> every country needs legislation to prevent, stop and punish acts which endanger national security. for 23 years we have failed to do that, and the likelihood of hong kong passing such law is rather dim, so it's only natural that the central people's government has taken it into its own hands. >> reporter: beijing's proposed legislation authorizes the mainland government's national security agencies, to set up branches and enforce related laws in hong kong. it's a chilling prospect particularly for those on the frontlines of hong kong's democratic movement. in mainland china, these agencies often silence any form

of dissent or opposition. >> this is the end of hong kong. >> reporter: hong kong's government has been in turmoil over a law that will now criminalize anyone who disrespects the chinese national anthem. that was coincidentally passed on june 4th. legislative councilor dennis kwok says it's yet another infringement on freedom of speech, and the city is under threat of becoming a policed state. >> the concept of endangering national security in mainland china is very broad. it could be economical, financial, education, it could be on the internet or things that you say to your frids on private messaging apps. >> hong kong is no longer sufficiently autonomous. >> reporter: last friday president trump denounced beijing's move and began a process that would remove exemptions that treat hong kong differently than the mainland, a move that could diminish hong kong's standing as a global

financial center. among the thousands of international firms here, there are 1300 american companies. tara joseph is with the american chamber of commerce: >> there is a nagging worry that hong kong won't be the type of place to have a headquarters anymore, and the risks are definitely rising so there are back up plans being made. >> reporter: but pro-beijing legislator michael tien who voteto enact the national security law at last month's communist party national people's congress in beijing, says it will help local businesses. >> everybody feels positive about this bill, because the one thing the bill guarantees, is restoring hong kong to stability, and some calmness. >> reporter: china accused the u.s. of interference in its domestic affairs after amerin politicians expressed support for the hong kong protestors, and condemned beijing for its crackdown on the protests.

and now beijing is turning the tables, comparing the unrest in the u.s. to the hong kong protests and democracy movement. state media is giving blanket coverage telling its audience this is what democracy looks like. what beijing labels foreign interference was one reason cited for the security law. >> hong kong is getting out of control, we have our legislator going to a foreign government which is the united states of america, asking them to have sanctions against hong kong to put pressure on our motherland, >> reporter: over the past few months, tensions between china and the u.s. have been rising, and hong kong has been caught in the middle, it's a familiar place for the city which tries to uphold democratic ideals with communist china at its doorstep. the people here have defied a ban on this gathering, they have jumped over barricades to come to the same spot where the vigil

is here held every year, but this year along with remembering the victims of the tiananmen massacre they are chanting protest slogans and even calling for independence. with the looming national security law, it was a moment for those at the vigil to demonstrate their freedoms and rights. and the show of solidarity as candles illuminated memorials and commemorations across the city, stands as a reminder of the people's determination to preserve their way of life. for the pbs newshour, i'm divya gopalan in hong kong. >> woodruff: public health officials say it may be another two to three weeks before we'll know whether there's a big spike in covid cases tied to mass which could mean a lot of us may still be working from home. paul solman looks at the consequees for commercial real estate as fewer of us go to the

office to work. it's the second of two reports for "making sense." >> i could easily see downtown skyscrapers in the center of big cities falling in value by 60, 70%. >> reporter: economist nick bloom says three factors are about to devastate the office skyscrapers of the world's megacities. one, of course: the covid economy. >> this is really looking like being, you know, a long d incredibly painful recession, the likes of which i don't think anyone alive currently has seen before. >> reporter: well maybe, maybe not. but there's a second factor, says bob edelstein, who teaches real estate economics: a sharp shift to working from home. >> just recently we saw facebook say they're going to have employees work remotely, forever. other companies are considering that. >> reporter: bad news for, among others, shared workspace giant "we work." the largest private renter of new york office space was already hemorrhaging money before the pandemic. now? >> do you want to go into an office space where three people have used it this day and share some facilities?

>> reporter: now, wework says they are "stepping up sanitization," but there's still a third factor: anxiety about working at close quarters. >> you'll see people worry about social distance distancing within the office market and therefore there's going to be more space per employee. >> reporter: one glimpse of this future comes via a new video from office space services giant cushman and wakefield: >> imagine you now need twice as much space per person, probably three times as much space per person in a large skyscraper because they were packed in like sardines before. for the next three or four years, people are gonna be really uncomfortable about being in close offices, tightly packed elevators. >> anything that requires an elevator is going to be very hard. >> reporter: dave kenny, c.e.o. of the nielsen company, a global market research firm, has done the math on how long it would take his employees in lower manhattan to get to their desks under the new c.d.c. office guidelines: one person at a time in any elevator less than six feet across.

>> i calculated to, to refill our, you know, floors in new york, people would be in line for over four hours to use the elevator up and use the elevator down. >> reporter: bottom line, then, predicts nick bloom succinctly: >> catastrophic drops in value. >> obviously, as an owner of commercial office space, i think he's wrong. >> reporter: douglas durst's family business owns or manages eight and a half million square feet of new york office space, including one world trade center. and the former conde nast building in times square, where tik tok, the wildly popular chinese-owned video sharing app just leased seven floors. >> we are actively leasing space even now, the demand is not going away, so we don't think there'll be any need to reduce rents. >> i'm not declaring the death knell of offices. >> reporter: super-broker mary ann tighe is ny c.e.o. of the world's largest real estate services firm. >> yay! we can all get each other on the screen, but it doesn't tell us a darn thing about real life work from home.

>> reporter: have there been no fire sales of office buildings from landlords who need the cash? >> there have been no fire sales to date, this is not a moment where you want to place a valuation on an asset simply because you may get an answer you're not going to like. and the answer may be different a month from now or six months from now. >> reporter: take blackrock, cbs's iconic manhattan headquarters, which tighe's firm had been preparing to sell for over a billion dollars. it's now off the market. why? >> i think people are on pause waiting to see what the market reveals. >> reporter: bob edelstein, however, has evidence that uncertainty is actually killing real estate deals at the moment. >> i'm privy to 10 recent potential transactions. six have stopped negotiating. i don't know if they'll ever negotiate again. three of them were negotiated

and had gone hard, which means the deposit was accepted and would not be returnable if the deal was not consummated. >> reporter: so they put down millions of dollars as a deposit and then just walked away? >> yes, because they felt, as most people do, uncertain about the future. >> reporter: for dramatic evidence of price drops, though, look at the stocks of companies that invest solely in ofce buildings: down six times more than the s&p 500 this year. but current nts have been unaffected, doug durst insists, for at least one very good reason. >> in the large office buildings, the tenants have signed long term leases at least 10 years or longer. >> reporter: yes, agrees bob edelstein... >> it's better to have 10 year leases, but they may not be as good as the paper they're written on. >> reporter: in fact, office tenants have already tried to

renege, says mary ann tighe. >> discussion number one was i'm not using my space, why am i paying rent? >> reporter: the response? >> show us your 2019 financials and your 2020 budget. show us where you are in terms of revenue. show us that you don't have business interruption insurance and show us that you've applied for every kind of government help. once we get all that information, we're happy to sit with you. we're not... happy as an overstatement. we will sit with you and review the situation. >> any tenant who has difficulty, we are talking with and trying to make sure that they're able to get through this period. >> if the return to normal is measured in years and not months, there may be an opportunity in all of this. >> reporter: los angeles developer matt jacobs' s latest project-- lofts to live and work in, favored by artist types, selling just fine despite the pandemic. >> we have visual artists. we have people editing television programs.

we have youtube stars. we had one broker ask for a coronavirus discount, but we have sold a number of live-work lofts over the past month at original market prices. no discounts. >> reporter: so jacobs has reframed the office space crisis. >> i'm in california, where we have a tremendous and sustained housing crisis. housing is expensive and it's scarce. a lot of those office buildings that we considered class a buildings are not going to have tremendous utility right now, but they have perfect opportunity to be converted to housing. a well-built steel or concrete building is a perfect environment for housing. >> reporter: including in cities like new york, says mary ann tighe. >> the downtown manhattan market before 9/11 had 15,000 residents. today it's approaching 70,000 residents. many of those residents are residing in office buildings that have been converted to residential rentals. so i do envision that older stock will go in that direction. >> reporter: what price that older stock will fetch anytime soon, however, is enough to

worry anyone who owns commercial office space. this is paul solman. >> woodruff: and we'll be back shortly with an essay on understanding outrage. but first, take a moment to hear from your local pbs station. it's a chance to offer your support, which helps keep programs like ours on the air. >> woodruff: the wave of police killings of unarmed african americans have forced departments around the country to examine their own actions. in 2018, charlayne hunter gault visited the new york city police academy to see how they are training to curb bias as part of our race matters series.

>> reporter: here in new york >> we all have implicit associations that can impact our perceptions and behavior, but there's good news and it comes in the form of action plans. >> reporter: each of the department's more than 40,000 members will attend the six-the-seven-hour class. today, 19 of them were instructed on the science behind implicit bias. >> not only is it based upon what you're seeing at the time, what you're feeling and hearing, but it's based upon >> reporter: the training costs the n.y.p.d. $4.5 million. n.y.p.d. first deputy commissioner benjamin tucker explains the rationale behind adopting the program. >> they've been prolific in terms of their amount of

departments they've trained. the feedback from those departments is that their ofcers were able to hear the message, and we've seen that to be true here. >> reporter: there is, however, significant skepticism from both social scientists and law enforcement out how much this type of training can actually ange police behavior. i put that and other questions to lorie fridell, who runs the implicit bias training program, and noble wray, a member of the training team and former chief of police for the madison, wisconsin police department. welcome to you both. >> thank you. >> thank y. >> reporter: dr. fridell, let me start with you. what led you to start this training? >> i started thinking about bias in policing when i worked at the police executive research council. i became perplexed during that study period because i came to believe two things that didn't go together in my head. and one was that i came to believe that bias in policing was more than just a few bad apples. but i also came to understand that most police are well- intentioned individuals who want to serve their communities. and i couldn't figure out how

both of those things could be true, until i was introduced to the science of bias. >> reporter: but that leads me to the definition. what is implicit bias? >> okay, so explicit bias would be, like, a racist. it's conscious, it's deliberate. the stereotypes that a person has is based on animus and hostility. with implicit bias, we still have stereotypes about groups, but it's not conscious and deliberate. and in fact, implicit biases can impact us outside of conscious awareness, and it impacts even on individuals who at the conscious level reject biases and stereotypes and prejudice. one of the critical aspects of this training is not just telling them about implicit biases so they recognize them, but they need to have tools to reduce and manage biases. >> reporter: like? >> if we recognize our implicit biases and we're motivated, we can actually overcome our biases and implement bias-free behavior. >> reporter: so the motivation has to come from these classes or these sessions. >> it does, but it also comes again, most cops are well- meaning individuals.

and so, once they understand that their mind is playing tricks on them and it might produce discriminatory behavior, with the large, large number that say "i want to do better." >> reporter: chief wray, how did you get involved in this? i mean, you're a black policeman, and i think that most people, when they think about bias in police, they think about white policemen and black people. how did you get involved? >> you know, throughout my career, i always thought the issues related to bias, i usually focused on explicit bias. so i would go into a training, fold my arms and say, literally, this is for the white guys. what i realized is that it wasn't about a specific race, in terms of, you know, an african american police officer not being impacted by it, or a white police officer are the only ones. what i realized is that i didn't get a pass on that. i realize that this was an issue of human beings, that we all have implicit biases. and so, that's what really got me into it.

>> a lot of officers come in believing that bias and policing is not a big issue. they think it's been exaggerated. they picture it as explicit bias. and they look around the room and they don't see their colleagues as having explicit bias, and so they say "we're being unfairly castigated." and that is our first task. we need to reduce that defensiveness. and we come in and we say, "we're going to talk to you about how your mind works." >> there a few people that, there's always going to be, their minds are made up. but i always start the class off saying, you know, if you're not introspective, and if you personally don't want improve, this is, this may not work for you. >> reporter: yet some of the critics i've read say that there's an absence of probing objective research, and that longer study is eded to determine if officers really retain what they're being taught, and if civilians

actually benefit. >> so, the curriculum is based on a body of research. but the implicit bias training, including our own, has not yet been evaluated, and that's what we need. and in fact, in the context of doing our training in n.y.p.d., we are conducting a 1.5-year controlled evaluation. >> one of the things that i think is powerful about implicit bias training is that there are certain things that you can do in your daily operational as a police officer to help mitigate some of the issues that you're confronting. by keeping lines of communication en, slowing things down, because if you slow things down, you get to know the person more. contact theory. the more you know someone, the more your positive interactions with someone, the better you are able to interact. >> reporter: and over time, how many departments can you think of that you'd gone back to and found that the training was sustained? >> i think departments that, where leadership at the top embraces it, it is sustained. you know, you plant the seed. like, most organizational experts will say, this is change, this is, this is

difficult change. it's transformation, and that takes time. >> reporter: how much time, do you think? >> i think this is, this issue is generational, meaning we are we're changing the way we think about this issue. we're changing the tools that we're using to address it. and i think we are on the right trajectory and i think we're going to see great changes in policing along these lines. >> reporter: well, i certainly hope so. thank you both for joining us. >> thank you. >> thank you. >> woodruff: as curfews in many states are about to begin again tonight, we are at a place where we don't need to go searching past events and expert opinions in order to understand the protests around the killing of george floyd. we can analyze it first-person. tonight, journalist and author dawn turner shares her humble opinion on why we all need to make a connection between the pandemic and the protests. >> when i was a columnist for e "chicago tribune," i often

wrote about race and poor african-american communities. many times well-meaning white readers would ask me: "what can i do?" i want you to know that this pandemic has afforded you a vantage point like none other. this is your opportunity to know what people who live in poor communities face and feel every day, long before covid. i want you to remember what it feels like to stand in long lines to enter stores. because in poor black communities, some merchants, fearing theft from a few bad apples, have long restricted the number of people they allow in at one time. and those plexiglass dividers that protect store workers now? well, their bulletproof cousins have been mounted in stores in black communities for ages. i want you to remember the knot of anxiety you feel wondering whether there will be enough eggs or meat or even toilet paper on store shelves. poor people living in food deserts face scarcity all the

time. i want you to remember the unease of walking past boarded up businesses and jogging down barren streets. because that's what poor black people who live in blighted communities experience every day. i want you to remember what it feels like to have to hole up in ur house because the world beyond your door is dangerous and filled with people who could cost you your life. i want you to remember what it feellike to lose your job and not only to be stripped of vital income and all that entails, but of purpose. and those social connections that motivate and inspire us. i want you to remember how it feels to have to stand in line to ask for a hand-out and how you worry that people will ask you: how did you get yourself in this situation? if you take away nothing else from this pandemic, i want you to remember how powerless and hopeless and disafcted this moment has rendered you. i want you to realize that for poor black people, this is not a

moment. if this pandemic offers even a smidgeon of empathy, then maybe you understand why people might rise up and rage. >> woodruff: and that's the 9newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you, please stay safe, and see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by:

>> the ford foundation. workinwith visionaries on the frontlines of socialhange worldwide. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and friends of the newshour. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

hello, everyone. and welcome to "amanpour." here's what's coming up. global solidarity for george floyd with marches from london to sydney joining those in america. i ask house majority whip jim clyburn whether this will be the tipping point for america's promise of equality and his lifelong fight for it. then -- >> i do not support invoking the insurrection act. >> his defense secretary begs to differ. so what is the president's end game? mark joins me with the 2020 campaign joins me. also ahead, the indispensable need for accountable. we look at the debate on whether to reform or reorganize