tonight on kqed. as protests continue we continue the impact of every day and racism in our institutionings and our relationships and at work. easing restrictions on restaurants and retailers in san francisco. we will discuss obstacles and opportunities shaping economic recovery. >> plus schools get guidance on how open in the fall and will students and parents feel safe? welcome. ea david clemons in thet of a health care we as a nation are reckoning with the choices of our past and the racist stems of our

present. we condition the presence of racism and not as individual acts of discrimination but as social force. one that has brought to this particular point in history. joining me now by skype is stanford establishment professor of psychology steve you for joing us. roberts thank >> thank you. >> professor roberts myself included would say we ciare not but you say the common use of the term racism is too narrow. how do you and other academics define racism. >> we define racism as a system of advantage based on . ra we commonly think of racism as mistreating or dislikg others because of the color ofr th stem and hierarchy and sm as a pandemic that we are embedded in. >> you authored a paper with a white colleague that you outlined seven factors that contribute to racism. we won't get into them but can liyo them for us and talk

about this in detail. >> we listed the seven factors and many to choose from to be cleabut we spoke the categories and segregation and hierarchy and power an fascism. >> let's take passism first. what dome that mean? >> its to be clear to set the stage that awe live nation ha has been plagued by racial hierarc. we live in a very racist country but we often don't do we anything. re passive and we sit idly by and let the erarchy in place and that's one biggest problems that we need to stop being passive and need to actively be more anti racist. i want to dive in fact shuns different groups and a lot of people don't feel thatwain their regular lives. >> that is how people feel but

let me walk you through a quick classic psychology experience. you take fo-year-olds in a lab and flip a coin and randomly assign them to groups. right after being assigned to those groups they think the p gr like a team and coalition that they have to trust the group members and support their group members and they can't trust out group members. after a lifetime of being in a racial category we are in many ways ready to treat ths e groups they are coalitions. >> how do you move out of that? >> thas a tough question. the factions, the groups in and of themselves are not bad out of group membership and that's great in many ways but once the teams, once that factor is coupled with other things like hierarchy and status and the media and how does it portray your group,

those factors combined make that factor. not any one single factor is the solution. there's this broader atsystem we need to grapplewith. >> you use proactive and what does that look like in every day situations? >> i think one clear pieve of ence for reactive anti racism is what we have been seeing in the past few week people are protesting and taking to the streets and fed up by the horrific events that haveappened recently so people are reacting to that and choosing to be anti raci. proactive racism is taking that feelings that many of us have and implementing that into some long future oriented change. let's make sure we are t here again. how can we be proactive to save our future so to speak. >> do you see an act ght now that would be proactive to advocate for? >> that is a tough one.

we can be proactive in many ways. one that is most important as lo deental and social psychologist is parents can be proactive and having explicit conversation with ur children about race raand sm. a lot of research shown that white parents don't ratalk abou sm and that sets the kids up to not have an derstanding of thothings later on. but if we instill a standard of anti racism with children these will be the future leaders of our future generations and we create that norm now, hopefully we will have a proactive anti racist society going forward. >> you write that we are in a time of "increasing racial inequality" but aren't the protests and the changes in e law thoccurred in the past few decades haevidence america is moving towards equality? >> there is a lot of scientif data to make sure that is not the indition. economic inequality between white d african-americans is

increasing residential segregation against micro levels and increasing in the nation. on the surface it may seemlike we are progressing towards a post racial sociaty but the actualsuggests that we are in many ways going back. is bad. ingmean th there is a lot of good that is come but we are far removed from an equal society. you point to media as one of the several factors that influence american racism. how es the media perpetuate racism? >> i will give a ncte barn. there's data to choose from the communication studies ow if you compare how often the media portrays white people and ack people as crimins or victims, compared to acal ime reports black people are overrepresented as criminals d under represented as victims and in contrast white americans are overrepresented as victims and under represted as criminals and these kinds distorted images

affect our psyche and how society is structured. >> recent days we have examples of sports addressing racial wrongs. nascar is dinot laying confederate flags at races and the nfl commissioner says it ki was wrong for a knee. how are these actions impactinge a public pion of racism in society. >> there is a huge impact and i think that they are ve important. they are great instances of racism and politil change so we don't end up here again. i think at you know the more examples we see of that the better our society will be served. in the paper we talk about the importance of power. now that people in positions of power set the norm and set a standard that people that follow them llfollow. yeah? so i think the more people that

take thatstand to be proactive -- especially in a privileged powerful position will pay dividends in the long run. >> professor roberts what would a post racial erica look like? is that possible. or a utopian pipe dream? >> i don't think it is a pipe drsmm. i think raand racial hierarchy is so deeply woven into the fabric of the ths. in a post racial society we have to think what our nation would look like. i do think that u.s. society would be one in which one's race is not takes place or the race is not determining your position. andaall of the shows based on the color of your skin and racial identity your life chances and opportunities are deeply affected and i think that's an injusticand i hope that we all move towards a nation that is no longer the case. >> professor steven roberts an stanford. thank you for your time.

>> thank you. >> this week san francisco mayor london reed announced that restaurants could reopen starting today r for outd dining. on monday san francisco retailers will be allowed to reopen for door shopping for the first time in three months. e city is alsoproviding free temporary permits to low businesses to use public areas like sidewalks and parking spaces for outdoor dining and shopping. joining me by skype is jay change the public policy director of the chamber of commerce and also with us buy skype is jeremy owens the san francisco pure chief and tech editor for atmarket. hello and thank you for being with us. >> thanks for having us. >> jay, let's start with you. what are you hearing about restaurants opening to patrons and the outdoor seating area. how helpful is this to them? >> we love a of restaurant owners excited to open for outdoor dining and a lot of challenges facing with the model. for one it is summer in san

francisco and so for a lot of folks it is freezing cold outside. so there is a question about how many customers are going to want to do outdoor dining during this time. that means for restaurant owners how many seats should they put out and waiters should they hire and many chefs should they bring back and a stronger question for the economics. since march, we have seen 84% drop in restaurant sales. so even as restaurants have pivoted the take out or diniks or food trand very innovative in how they approached us the damage to the restaurant industry is in calculatable. many challenges remain. so many it will help and not take us all the way there. jeemy let's talk about tech s compan the bay. how are they weathering this storm. it sms likeme are layoffs and others are record highs with earnings. and some at the same time.

record high revenue and profits if you look if he ffs in s. large tech companies. ins laying off 2700 and fewer than 300 fromthe bay area according to notices with the state that they have to file. yelp announced a thousand permant layoffs and 1100 temporary layoffs. about 250 of those, i'm were temporary layoffs in san francisco and th was it r the local. and meanwhile the company's stocks have resumed and at record high and earnings at records. tech is not affected by this. if it is affected it is positive. >> interesting. much better than other doing sectors of the economy? >> it was set up to be remote already. most of the tech companies had people working from home part of the time.going remote was no issue as it might have been for other industries. and then you have the fact that

it is just set up. they have the people and they have to cut back beyond their core and focus on the core and that works fine and what the ceos are saying and their big talking point, they have been sang that there is digital transformation and people will d work remotely ing things from wherever and this is only accelerating it. this may be a boost to what they were already looking to do. >> jay, the chamber of comm is putting together a play book for opening. can you talk us through the highlights? >> some of the highlights that jeremy is talking about. we are pivoting from work at home environment. many of the larger employers and tech firms are going allow or encourage employees to work from home for the next several months and maybnext several years. our neighborhoods don't have what it takes sustain this. viewers have trouble signing on to zoom at the same time and

the entire network crashes. we need to build up more bandwith in the neighborhood and allow fiber and close the digil divide so aspeople work at home we can sustain that kind of growth. >> jeremy can you talk about how the changes to consumer spending will be impacting the economy long term, what are the consequences? >> well, it is going to be tough to know until we see us b cok, right? there is completely different consumer behavios in the last three months than what we saw previously and people are expecting us to go back and behaviors from three months ago. but how much is permanently changed? we don't know until we open these back up. opening back up and trying to get people to come out and spark this econoan could spark a second wave. and all of the money is betting on this being er in the next few months and returning to normal but we don't know if will return to normal and if we return anywhere close to normal we could spark anothewave of

d outbreak that coshut us all down. >> i want to put numbers for you to comment on. in the past three months since the pandemd starin california five million people at's about 26% of the state's work force. what do the numbers say particularly now that we are officially in a ourecession? the challenges for economic recovery in the bay area? >> absolutely. those numbers speak to the growing income in equality that the pandemic has brough there are maemployees able to work from home. they tend to be higherpaid employees already. there are many employees that are not given the option to work from home. restaurant workers and hourly workers and retail workers, they need to be on the site. those are the unemployment claims that habeen filed. we have seeing growing inequality from the pandemic. a huge question fous as we begin the economic recovery. how do we bring them back and make them feel confident th they have discretionary income to spend. a huge part of the work force. one of the things at the

chamber is pushing for is opening up large commissary kitchens that allow restaurants to pivot from food trucks or delivery or take out and bring the workers back earlier and allow them to work in a remote site that is safe and sanitary and allows them to come back to work. >> jeremy what are the signs that you are looking for? are the signals that market will send that we are in a sustained recovery? >> we will get the numberfrom may ansee how many will come back. there is that bijump in the national unemployment or national employment. we improved in y unexpectedly. lot of that was because the temporary -- e workers temporarily laid off in april or e rch were getting the pp payments. a classification thing. it will be tough to even say if those numbers will really show we are back. i think what we need to do is continue to focus on the infeion numbers and the death

rate and the people in hospitals, right? we have not seen that improve in al a alameda county but it has improved in san francisco county. we will look to see if we can do asomething. disadvantaged versus the higher classed tech workers to serve those people. we can't do that if they are in danger of ttg infected and potentially dying and that is horrible to do and exacerbating and need to look out for those people and make sure we t are putting them in danger. >> are there specific metrics to look for to say this is the point where we have sustained economic growth and we are in recovery? >> yes. the numbers we look at is how many small businesses in ansan sco or how many businesses period are operational and remain i operational. ink jeremy brings us a

great point. businesses that are open right now, small businesses but bleeding out cash and the reason they are ened to maintain the customer base and maintain the fan loyalty and maintain the brand and it is not sustainable for them. le to survive and as new ses be businesses relaunch, how long will they stay in business or get shut down after a second wave of infections outbreaks. we track the daily numbers to see whether an economy is going to be sustainable overe long term. >> jay change, public policy director at the san francisco chamber of commerce jeremy owens san frcisco chief and tech editor for mart watch. gentlemen thank you for joining us today. >> thanks for having us. >> this week the california departmen of edation unveiled guidelines on what school districts should do to prepare for students returning to classes in the fall. among the recommendations, face coverings worn by teacrs at all times and hand shg

stations and, of course, social distancing. students could alternine attendance for person instruction with other days of the week being observed forb distance learning and big challenges remain includint concerns abother spike of the pandemic in the fall that could keep kids home once again. joining me from e skfrom richmond is senior editor of education and equity mcjuli voy and dr. dan cooper a profesr of pediatrics the uc irvine and joins us from skype from irvine. thank you for joining us. >> good to be here. >> jewel yang can you run through what administrators need to accomplish to get schools ready to reopen in the fall? >> i would say it is pretty challenging. logistical, one hurdle after another. boarding buses safely and nitation in the school and er who will take teures at the door when they come in and screen them and how to keep them from removing their masks y

during the who is watching this and the ultimate question is what do we do if a chil orstaff member does present ill? how do we isolate them and then make sure they get picked up and how do we contact tracing ind teafter that? we are not real quite set up robustly to take pethat on. aps by august when some schools reopen that will be in place but basically prea it is very detailed. these are not mandates for schools to reopen. thse are guidelines. these are suggestions and each h district is told bstate department of education basically to work with its local public health department to make sure that en is the right time to reopen and under what exact circumstances ey are allowed to reopen as well. >> dr. cooper is it realistic to think that students and teachers won't be sectors of the disease consider hothey mingle and play? >> that's a tough question. we don't know the answer to that yet. there's no question that the idea has coming up because

children are relatively asymptomatic, that they mainly have the infection and may be carriers. the data suggests so far that may not be the case but we really haven't seen large scale studies whe the children are back in school. we have seenome studies for example, from holland. that demonstrated that the most y common transmission path from adult to child but that was during a time in h land when the shelter in place were there. sue we do know from looking at schools around the world that there are amples of successes and there are exouples where there'reaks in the schools. we don't know yet whether those outbreakappeared from the kids to the adults or from the adults to the children. this is really important and yet unanswered question. >> but you are in g favor of sendds back to school in the fall despite the risk of infection? >> yes. i think and we have discussed this among many of my

colleagues who are experts in the tranission and experts in social and behavioral that the risk of sueping children at est that you can keep them in a bubble that they won't interact withanybody. we know that is not the case. so my thought is that at least of the tughts of thework all going to it we have some ability to control interact and the fact that kids themselves are not gettinthat sick, now there are exceptions of course, the fact that the kids themselves are not getting so sick suggests to me that this is the probably the most best way to go totry to reopen the schools carefully. >> julia you are following a fascinating case in morin where one school district is reopening and bringing students back. how are they doing that? >> yeah. it began with the superintendent of the entire county deciding that she wantedl to bring sroups of special education students in at three different schools and doing pilots with them.

classes no longer than ten stntents. then it into a school called bay side martin luther king academy that is in sausalito morin area and they have been schooling 27 students now since around may 20th and i wathere yesterday and i sort of saw how they done whit and they do they have kids being dropped off in different stages. theyine up of course six feet apart and then they come in to a door and a temperature check. they ask the kids if they felt sick the night before, did they have any diarrhea or vomiting and they wash their hands for 20 seconds and they go in the classroom. inside the classrooms the desks were spaced apart one teacher had a mask on and another did

not. the county public health ay departmentthey could have children who were under twelve not wear a mask but he is trying to make se that every child keeps the mask on but the county public health department is indicating that the school has some leeway here and he's trying to go above and beyond to me sure that it remains as safe as possible. u know the reason they did this is because those children,e ther 35 kids that were falling behind. they weren't participating and felt that kids would fall ey behind in this situation and they felt really badly . about th they said, look if you are not going to turn your homework in maybe you would like to come to school and teachers lunteered. they sat was going on with the special ed classes. we know you are in d there we woke to come in and we everybody in the school room and those five kids that i know are falling behind in my class can join in and i can in pers help them while they are in

there and doing this virtual classroom for everybody else. >> dr. cooper i would like to get your take on this does that sound lia model to work for other schools and is they're one moreanimpothan another say masks versus social distancing? >> so let'start with the latter question. i think the social distancing is probably looking at allof the evidence although there's nothing absolutely firm. i think the social distancing is probably the most important and for most schools as julie in pointed out keclass size down and manageable and hand washing is veimportant. mask wearing i think the data suggests that it helps. it is really important to not politicize this. unfortunately in my own region in orange county one of ouour tanding health care officers actually resigned because her name and address were put out there because she advocated masks. people gathered at herhome and it was a very frightening and intimidating exrience for her. the idea of suggesting that we

should do everything we can and something as simple as using masks is a good idea and noshou be politicized and try to do it. the other children were studied in other epidemics. ve a hard time wearing masks. the downside of wearing masks it can sometimes produce the opposite effect. younger kids touch their face and the whole point of the ma is to keep the droplets from spreading and two keeping your aynds from the droplets. i agree that this should be individualized. >> julia can you talk to us about how the pandemic and this question of education and distance learning versus at the school has widened the equity gap and the eqty question? >> yeah, the pandemic has revealed the digital divide and parents vethat means that have educational backgrounds and stay home with the kids and

superve the learning and internet wi-fi that is high speed. a lot of pares can't afford to stay he with their children and have to go to work and their children at home and nthey m have a computer or wi-fi and those kids are falling behind in the discipline of learning in many regards. when schools reopen ink you me choices in the same g the positions of inequity in society. parents cay that is too risky i won't send my kids yet and others will say i got to go to work thank god the schools are opening and i will send th kids to school. the schools may do a fantastic job and safely implented but at the end of the day the choice i don't think personally and if those kids god forbid dot contomething in school and go home they end up in families where more people in a usold and somebody with an underlying condition and it is possible we may see more people

of cloud covering suffering disproportiotal deaths as a result of schools opening up. thank you both. you can find your on coverage on our website. you can reach m social media handle. thank you for watching. good night. p

captioniformed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org >> can washington heal, the nation's racial wounds? we have got to have reconciliation. >> this country has not reconciled itsre difnces with us. >> the uperror over the killing of george floyd and sparks new debate in washington over the nation's confederate past. >> and our bill andhe white house. robert: just months before the election, president trump says is all about law and order. president trump: we have to tak the police and they wil d a great j.